JP2005337129A - Sliding member and method for manufacturing sliding member - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a sliding member with high close-adhesion property being a sliding member obtained by sintering and having slide characteristic, and a method for manufacturing a sliding member. <P>SOLUTION: The sliding member is a sliding member having a base material 10 made of metal; and a slide layer 20 of resin powder integrally sintered onto at least one surface of the base material 10. A solid lubricant powder is contained in the slide layer 20. Further, the sliding member may be the sliding member having an intermediate layer 30 interposed between the base material 10 and the slide layer 20 and comprising a metal different from the base material 10. Further, the method for manufacturing the sliding member has a lamination step for forming a powder slide layer comprising at least a resin powder and a solid lubricant powder on at least a surface of the base material layer comprising metal; and a sintering step for integrally sintering the base material layer and the powder slide layer. The sliding member having at least the base material 10 and the slide layer 20 can be manufactured by the manufacturing method. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a sliding member used for sliding portions of various devices and a method for manufacturing the same.

  A sliding member used in a compressor or the like includes a metal base and a resin sliding layer formed on the sliding surface. The sliding layer improves the sliding performance of the sliding member. ing. In many cases, a sliding layer is formed by coating a resin film. For example, in Patent Document 1, a thermosetting resin dissolved in a solvent is applied to a metal substrate by spray coating or the like. After that, a sliding layer is obtained through drying and baking.

  As described above, when the sliding layer is formed by coating, the number of steps is large because drying and baking are performed after coating. In particular, when forming a sliding layer composed of a plurality of layers, the above steps are repeated. Therefore, the number of processes further increases. Moreover, it is necessary to consider safety and environmental issues in selecting a solvent for dissolving the resin and its treatment.

A sintering method can be considered as one method of forming a sliding layer instead of painting. However, according to Comparative Example 1 of Patent Document 2, when a layer made only of aluminum powder and a layer made only of polyimide powder are laminated and sintered, they are easily peeled off at the interface between the two components. Therefore, in Patent Document 2, the adhesion between both layers is ensured by forming a layer containing both the metal and the resin between the layer made of only the metal and the layer made of only the resin. That is, it is not easy to form a resin sliding layer on a metal substrate by sintering.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-13638 JP-A-9-131828

  Therefore, the present inventors have found a novel configuration that can ensure the adhesion between the base material and the sliding layer even when sintering. That is, the present invention provides a sliding member obtained by sintering, which has high adhesion between a base material and a sliding layer, and is suitable for a sliding portion and a method for manufacturing the sliding member. For the purpose.

  The sliding member of the present invention is a sliding member having a metal base material and a resin powder sliding layer integrally sintered on at least one surface of the base material. Includes a solid lubricant powder.

  The base material is preferably a bulk body or a sintered body made of a metal powder sintered integrally with the sliding layer. Here, “bulk” means “chunk” and generally refers to other than thin films and wires. In other words, in addition to a metal member processed by casting or the like, a sintered body made of metal powder not sintered integrally with the sliding layer (sintering sliding layer) (Sintered body formed by sintering in advance).

  The sliding layer is preferably a functionally graded material layer in which the volume ratio of the solid lubricant powder on the base material side is lower than that on the anti-base material side. At this time, the functionally graded material layer is preferably a layer in which the ratio of the solid lubricant powder changes continuously or stepwise from the base material side to the anti-base material side.

  Furthermore, it is preferable to have an intermediate layer made of a metal that is interposed between the base material and the sliding layer and is different from the base material. In this case, the intermediate layer is preferably an intermediate sintered body layer made of metal powder sintered integrally with the base material and the sliding layer.

  Further, the manufacturing method of the sliding member of the present invention includes a laminating step of forming a powder sliding layer made of at least a resin powder and a solid lubricant powder on at least one surface of a base material layer made of a metal, And a sintering step of integrally sintering the powder sliding layer.

  The base material layer is preferably a powder base material layer made of a metal powder or a bulk body. Here, the base material layer which is a bulk body also includes a metal sintered body formed by sintering metal powder in a step different from the above-described sintering step.

  In addition, before the sliding step, there is a powder preparation step of preparing at least two kinds of mixed powders having different volume ratios of the resin powder and the solid lubricant powder. The moving layer is preferably formed by sequentially laminating the two or more kinds of mixed powders so that the volume ratio of the solid lubricant powder on the base layer side is lower than that on the anti-base layer side.

  The laminating step preferably includes a step of forming a powder intermediate layer made of a metal powder different from the base material layer between the base material layer and the powder sliding layer.

  The sliding member of the present invention has a sliding layer made of resin powder integrally sintered on at least one surface of a base material and containing solid lubricant powder. By using the solid lubricant powder in the sliding layer, the difference in linear expansion coefficient between the base material and the sliding layer is reduced. As a result, not only exhibits favorable sliding characteristics as a sliding member, but also ensures adhesion between a metal base material and a resin sliding layer that could not be obtained by sintering so far. be able to. Furthermore, since the sliding layer is formed by solidification after the resin powder is melted by sintering, the sliding layer is excellent in adhesion to the substrate. Further, in the case of being sintered while being pressurized, since the resin powder melts and solidifies in the pressurized state, the adhesion is further improved.

  In addition, by using the functionally gradient material layer as the sliding layer, it is possible to ensure adhesion with the base material while having excellent sliding characteristics on the non-base material side.

  In addition, by providing an intermediate layer made of metal and interposed between the base material and the sliding layer, even if the sliding layer may be damaged during the use of the sliding member, the intermediate layer can be used as a sliding surface. Since it can slide, the reliability as a sliding member improves.

  In the manufacturing method of the sliding member of the present invention, the base material layer formed in the lamination step and the powder sliding layer are integrally sintered in the sintering step, so that the sliding member is formed in a small number of steps. can do. Moreover, since the powder sliding layer contains the solid lubricant powder, the difference in coefficient of linear expansion between the sintered base material layer and the powder sliding layer becomes small. As a result, there is no peeling from the interface between the sintered base material layer and the powder sliding layer. Further, since sintering is used, a solvent that is essential in coating is unnecessary, and even a sliding layer made of a resin powder that is hardly soluble in a solvent can be formed. Moreover, the sliding member excellent in adhesiveness is obtained by compression-molding the base material layer and the powder sliding layer in the laminating step, or by sintering while pressing.

  Moreover, by making the base material layer the powder base material layer, the base material and the sliding layer can be simultaneously sintered to obtain a sliding member. Furthermore, by forming a powder intermediate layer made of metal powder in the laminating step, it is possible to obtain a sliding member formed by simultaneously sintering the base material, the intermediate layer, and the sliding layer.

  Also, in the powder preparation process, at least two kinds of mixed powders having different volume ratios of the resin powder and the solid lubricant powder are prepared in advance, and in the lamination process, the volume ratio of the solid lubricant powder on the base material layer side A functionally graded material layer can be easily obtained by laminating two or more kinds of mixed powders in order so as to be lower than the anti-base material layer side to form a powder sliding layer.

  The best mode for carrying out the sliding member of the present invention and the manufacturing method of the sliding member of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. In addition, FIG. 1 is sectional drawing which shows typically an example of the sliding member of this invention.

[Sliding member]
The sliding member of the present invention is a sliding member having a metal base material and a resin powder sliding layer integrally sintered on at least one surface of the base material. Contains a solid lubricant powder.

  The base material is not particularly limited in size and shape, and is preferably a bulk body or a sintered body made of metal powder sintered integrally with the sliding layer. As described above, in addition to the metal member processed by casting or the like, the base material that is a bulk body includes a sintered body made of metal powder that is not integrally sintered with the sliding layer, that is, a resin. A sintered body formed in advance by sintering before the powder or solid lubricant powder is sintered is also included.

  Moreover, if a base material is metal, there will be no limitation in particular, It is preferable that at least 1 sort (s) of iron, aluminum, copper, and magnesium is included. For example, as an alloy, steel, an aluminum alloy containing Mg, Cu, Zn, Si, Mn, or the like, a copper alloy containing Zn, Al, Sn, Mn, or the like are preferable.

  If the base material is a sintered body made of a metal powder sintered integrally with the sliding layer, the metal powder preferably has an average primary particle size of 10 to 200 μm, more preferably 10 to 150 μm. is there. When the particle size of the metal powder is in the above range, a substrate having sufficient strength can be obtained.

  If the base material is a bulk body, surface treatment such as plating treatment, thermal spraying treatment, anodizing treatment, chemical conversion treatment or rough surface forming treatment may be applied to the interface with the sliding layer. When these surface treatments are performed, the adhesion between the base material and the sliding layer can be improved. Here, the plating treatment is, for example, tin plating treatment, Ni plating treatment, Cu plating treatment, or the like. Examples of the thermal spraying process include a Cu thermal spraying process and an Al—Si thermal spraying process. Anodizing treatment is, for example, alumite treatment or the like when the substrate is a material mainly containing aluminum. The chemical conversion treatment includes chromate treatment, non-chromate treatment, zinc phosphate treatment and the like. The rough surface forming process is, for example, shot blasting or etching. Note that an intermediate layer, which will be described later, can be formed by the surface treatment.

  The sliding layer is made of a resin powder that is integrally sintered on at least one surface of the base material, and includes a solid lubricant powder. That is, the raw material powder for the sliding layer (hereinafter referred to as the raw material powder for the sliding layer) comprises at least a resin powder and a solid lubricant powder, and was sintered by sintering the raw material powder for the sliding layer. A sliding layer containing resin powder and solid lubricant powder is formed. Here, at least one surface of the base material is preferably a surface corresponding to the sliding surface side of the base material. The shape of the sliding surface is not limited as long as it is a shape suitable for sliding, and may be a sliding surface made of a curved surface such as a spherical surface in addition to a flat surface.

  As described above, it has not been easy to obtain a laminate composed of a metal layer and a resin layer having good adhesion to each other by sintering. However, since the sliding member of the present invention uses a solid lubricant powder for the sliding layer, the difference in linear expansion coefficient between the metallic base material and the sliding layer made of resin is reduced. Adhesiveness with the sliding layer can be ensured. Further, the presence of the solid lubricant powder in the sliding layer improves the seizure resistance and wear resistance on the side opposite to the base (that is, the sliding surface side), and is a sliding member suitable as a sliding part. It becomes. Further, since the sliding layer is formed by melting and solidifying the resin powder when heat is applied by sintering, the sliding layer is more excellent in adhesion to the substrate than the sliding layer formed by coating. Moreover, when it sinters while being pressurized, adhesiveness improves further.

  The layer thickness of the sliding layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3 to 500 μm, particularly preferably 6 to 50 μm. When the thickness of the sliding layer is within the above range, the sliding member has good adhesion and sliding characteristics.

  In addition to the sliding layer 20 sintered in a state where the distribution of the solid lubricant powder is uniform as shown schematically in FIG. 1 (I), the sliding layer is inclined at least in the amount of the solid lubricant powder. It is also possible to use a sintered sliding layer. For example, as shown in FIG. 1 (II), the sliding layer 20 is inclined such that the volume ratio of the solid lubricant powder on the base material side (21) of the sliding layer is lower than that on the anti-base material side (23). A functional material layer is preferred. By making the sliding layer a functionally gradient material layer, while maintaining the sliding characteristics on the side of the non-base material where the ratio of the solid lubricant component is large, the sliding side of the base material side where the ratio of the solid lubricant component is small Adhesion with the dynamic layer can be ensured. This functionally gradient material layer is preferably a layer in which the ratio of the solid lubricant powder changes continuously or stepwise (see FIG. 1 (II)) from the base material side to the non-base material side. Details will be described later in the section of [Sliding member manufacturing method].

  The amount of the solid lubricant powder is not particularly limited, and the adhesion between the base material and the sliding layer can be ensured even with a very small amount. However, when the sliding layer raw material powder is 100 vol%, the solid lubricant powder is solid. The proportion of the lubricant powder is preferably 20 to 80 Vol%. When the ratio of the solid lubricant powder on the substrate side is within the above range, the adhesion between the substrate and the sliding layer becomes good.

  In the sliding layer, components other than the solid lubricant may be inclined, and the same kind of metal as the metal constituting the base material and the intermediate layer described later, among powders made of metal and metal oxides, among metals. The powder may be tilted by the sliding layer. In this case, the adhesion between the base material or the intermediate layer and the sliding layer is further improved by inclining the ratio of the metal powder so that the base material side of the sliding layer is higher than the anti-base material side. . Moreover, you may make the below-mentioned various additives incline.

  Solid lubricant powders are usually used as solid lubricants such as layered structures such as graphite and talc, soft metals such as Pb, Ag, and Cu, and compounds thereof, and fluorine compounds such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). In particular, at least one of molybdenum disulfide powder, graphite powder, and PTFE powder is preferable. Molybdenum disulfide should have an average primary particle size of 0.1 to 40 μm, preferably 1 to 10 μm, in order to improve the wear resistance of the sliding layer. In order to improve the adhesion in the sliding layer, graphite having an average primary particle size of 0.1 to 10 μm, preferably 1 to 5 μm is used.

  Further, the sliding layer may further contain any or all of additives among hard particles, extreme pressure agents, surfactants, processing stabilizers, and antioxidants. That is, the additive powder can be used as the raw material powder for the sliding layer. The amount of the additive powder is not particularly limited as long as it is used in an appropriate amount according to the required characteristics, but the proportion of the powdered additive when the raw material powder for the sliding layer is 100 Vol% is: Preferably it is 20 Vol% or less, It is good to contain 3-15 Vol% especially preferably. The particle diameter of the additive is preferably an average primary particle diameter of 0.1 to 10 μm, more preferably 0.3 to 3 μm.

Here, the hard particles are, for example, alumina, silica, silicon carbide, silicon nitride and the like. The extreme pressure agent is, for example, a sulfur-containing metal compound such as zinc sulfide (ZnS) or silver sulfide (Ag ₂ S). Examples of the surfactant include a fluorine-based surfactant and a silicon-based surfactant.

  The processing stabilizer is, for example, a bifunctional processing stabilizer, a single agent addition type processing stabilizer, or the like. As the bifunctional processing stabilizer, the product name “Sumilizer GM” (chemical name: 2-tert-Butyl-6- (3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzoyl) -4-methylphenyl manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. acrylate), a product name “Sumilizer GS (F)” manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. (chemical name: 2- [1- (2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-pentylphenyl) ethyl] -4,6-di-tert -Pentylphenyl acrylate) and the like. As a single agent addition type (SA-System) processing stabilizer, a product name “Sumilizer GP” manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. (chemical name: 6- [3- (3-t-Butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) propoxy) ] -2,4,8,10-tetra-t-butyldibenz [d, f] [1,3,2] dioxaphospine).

  Examples of the antioxidant include a phenol-based primary antioxidant, an organic sulfur-based secondary antioxidant, an amine-based primary antioxidant, and a phosphite-based antioxidant. As phenolic primary antioxidants, the product name “Sumilizer MDP-S2” (chemical name: 2′-methylenebis (6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., the product name “Sumizer BBM” manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Industries, Ltd. -S "(Chemical name: 4,4'-Butylidenebis (6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol), product name" Sumilizer WX-R WX-RA WX-RC "manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. (Chemical name: 4, 4) '-Thiobis (6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol)), product name “Sumilizer NW (N)” (chemical name: Alkylated bisphenol) manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., product name “Sumilizer” manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Industries, Ltd. GA-80 "(chemical name: 3,9-Bis [2- [3- (3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) propionyl]]-1,1-dimethylethyl] -2,4,8, 10-tetraoxaspiro [5,5] undekane) etc. Examples of organic sulfur secondary antioxidants include the product name “Sumilizer MB” (chemical name: 2-Mercaptobenzimidazole) manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. Amine-based primary. Examples of the antioxidant include a product name “Sumilizer 9A” (chemical name: Alkylated diphenylamine) manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. As a phosphite antioxidant, a product name “ADK STAB PEP-36” manufactured by Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd. is there.

  The resin powder is not particularly limited as long as it is made of a resin that can form a sliding layer by melting and solidifying when heat is applied by sintering, but it is made of a heat-resistant resin that does not deteriorate by heating. It is preferably a heat resistant resin powder. The resin powder preferably has an average primary particle size of 1 to 200 μm, more preferably 10 to 120 μm. A sliding member having a sliding layer obtained by sintering a resin powder having a particle size in the above range has suitable sliding characteristics.

  The resin powder preferably contains at least one of polyamideimide resin powder, polyimide resin powder, polyetheretherketone resin powder, and polybenzimidazole resin powder. Of these, it is difficult to form a sliding layer in the past because a resin that is hardly soluble in a solvent, such as polyetheretherketone resin (PEEK resin), cannot be applied, but it is easy to form a sliding layer by using sintering. can do.

  As schematically shown in FIG. 1 (III), the sliding member of the present invention further includes an intermediate layer 30 interposed between the base material 10 and the sliding layer 20 and made of a metal different from the base material. It is preferable to have. The metal different from the base material may be different in composition even if the intermediate layer and the base material are, for example, the same type of alloy. By providing the intermediate layer, even if the sliding layer may be damaged during use of the sliding member, the intermediate layer can be slid as the sliding surface, so the reliability as the sliding member is improved. An intermediate layer containing at least one of copper and aluminum is more effective.

  The intermediate layer is preferably an intermediate sintered body layer made of metal powder sintered integrally with the base material and the sliding layer. Further, it may be an intermediate layer formed by performing a plating process or a thermal spraying process on the base material of the bulk body in advance. Moreover, although there is no limitation in particular in the layer thickness of an intermediate | middle layer, Preferably it is 0.05-500 micrometers, More preferably, it is 0.1-300 micrometers. When the layer thickness is in the above range, the sliding member has good adhesion to the sliding layer.

  In addition, it is preferable that a base material is a sliding component of a compressor. That is, the sliding member of the present invention can be used as a sliding member for a compressor. For example, the sliding member of the present invention can be used for a swash plate of a swash plate compressor. The sliding member of the present invention can be used for a shoe of a compressor. In some cases, the swash plate and the shoe of the swash plate compressor slide with each other in the dry state where there is no lubricating oil in the initial stage of operation. Even when sliding in such a very severe dry state, it is desired not to cause seizure or wear. Therefore, by using the sliding member of the present invention having excellent adhesion and high seizure resistance and wear resistance for the swash plate and shoe of the swash plate compressor, the conditions required for the swash plate compressor are sufficiently satisfied. Can be met.

  In addition to the above, it can also be used for a slide bearing that supports the drive shaft of the compressor. Further, the piston shaft is integrally supported by the drive shaft of the piston compressor, and the drive shaft is rotatably supported by the housing of the piston compressor so as to rotate synchronously with the drive shaft so that the space between the compression chamber and the suction pressure region is provided. It can also be used for a rotary valve that can open and close the gas passage and a piston of a piston type compressor.

  And the sliding member of this invention is obtained by the manufacturing method of the sliding member demonstrated below.

[Sliding member manufacturing method]
The manufacturing method of the sliding member of the present invention includes a laminating step of forming a powder sliding layer composed of at least a resin powder and a solid lubricant powder on at least one surface of a base material layer composed of a metal, And a sintering step for integrally sintering the layers.

  In the laminating step, the powder sliding layer can be formed by arranging the sliding layer raw material powder containing at least the resin powder and the solid lubricant powder in a desired shape on at least one surface of the base material layer. Specifically, for example, if the raw material powder for the sliding layer is filled in the mold so as to have a desired thickness, then the base material layer is placed on the base layer and sintered, then FIG. A sliding member having the sliding layer 20 on one surface of the substrate 10 as shown in FIG. Furthermore, if the raw material powder for the sliding layer is filled in the mold so as to have a desired thickness on the base material layer and sintered, the slide having the sliding layer on the two opposite surfaces of the metal base material is obtained. A moving member is obtained. At this time, if the base material layer is a bulk body, a metal plate having a size that can be accommodated in the mold may be disposed in the mold as the base material layer. Further, if the base material layer is a powder base material layer made of metal powder, the metal powder may be filled in the mold so as to have a desired thickness. Note that, as described above, the base material layer that is a bulk body includes a metal member processed by casting or the like, and a metal sintered body that is sintered in a process different from the above-described sintering process.

  When using a mold in the laminating process, the shape of the powder sliding layer is arbitrarily formed by selecting the shape of the mold as appropriate, and the sliding has a sliding surface made of a curved surface such as a spherical surface in addition to a flat surface. A layer can also be obtained. Furthermore, when two or more layers (for example, a powder base material layer and a powder sliding layer) made of powders having different melting points are simultaneously sintered, the mold temperature is set to a temperature suitable for sintering of each powder. In addition, a difference in the thermal conductivity may be produced by changing the shape and material of the mold. In the lamination step, the powder surface may be leveled using a leveling tool or the like, or a molded body composed of the base material layer and the powder sliding layer may be molded by compression molding or the like. By compressing by compression molding or the like, the adhesion of the obtained sliding member is improved.

  The raw material powder for the sliding layer forming the powder sliding layer is preferably mixed with at least a resin powder and a solid lubricant powder by a ball mill, a rod mill, a double coat blender, a V-type mixer or the like. At this time, it is desirable to mix the metal powder and additives together.

  Further, it is possible to incline the solid lubricant powder by the laminating process. In the powder preparation process, at least two kinds of mixed powders having different volume ratios of the resin powder and the solid lubricant powder are prepared in advance, and in the lamination process, the volume ratio of the solid lubricant powder on the base material layer side is By laminating two or more kinds of mixed powders in order so as to be lower than the anti-base material layer side, the ratio of the solid lubricant powder changes stepwise from the base material side to the anti-base material side, for example, FIG. As shown in (II), a sliding member having sliding layers 21, 22, and 23 sequentially laminated on the surface of the base material 10 is obtained. In the sliding member of FIG. 1 (II), the sliding layers 21, 22, and 23 increase the volume ratio of the solid lubricant powder in this order.

  At this time, the type of resin powder, solid lubricant powder, additive, or the like may be changed for each sliding layer. Thereby, the characteristic suitable for the base-material layer side and the anti-base material layer side can each be provided.

  Further, when it is desired to obtain a sliding member in which the ratio of the solid lubricant powder continuously changes from the base material side to the non-base material side, for example, the volume ratio of at least the resin powder and the solid lubricant powder is further increased. By preparing a finely mixed powder mixture, a continuous change can be brought about. In addition, a certain amount of solid lubricant powder is fed into a mixing device containing a certain amount of resin powder, and mixed at a sufficient speed with the mixing device, and at the same time for the mixed sliding layer A method of continuously feeding the raw material powder into the mold is also possible. Further, the volume ratio can be continuously changed by a centrifugal separation method. That is, after the sliding layer raw material powder is uniformly mixed, it is put in a mold, and then the sliding layer raw material powder is centrifuged in the mold to incline the volume ratio. As another method, it is possible to incline the volume ratio by continuously moving the heavy powder downward by applying vibration to the uniform raw material powder for the sliding layer.

  Furthermore, a powder made of a metal or a metal oxide, or a metal powder made of a metal that forms a base layer or an intermediate layer among metals may be inclined in the powder sliding layer. The method for inclining the metal powder is the same as the method for inclining the solid lubricant powder.

  The laminating step preferably includes a step of forming a powder intermediate layer made of a metal powder different from the base material layer between the base material layer and the powder sliding layer. By having the powder intermediate layer, at least the sliding layer and the intermediate layer can be simultaneously formed by sintering. For example, as schematically shown in FIG. 1 (III), a sliding layer having the intermediate layer 30 on the surface of the substrate 10 and further having the sliding layer 20 on the surface of the intermediate layer 30 is obtained. Of course, the sliding layer 20 may be a functionally gradient material layer.

  Alternatively, when the base material layer is a bulk body, an intermediate layer forming step of forming an intermediate layer made of a metal different from the base material layer on the surface of the base material layer on which the powder sliding layer is formed before the lamination step It is good to have. Examples of the method for forming the intermediate layer include plating and thermal spraying.

  The sintering step is a step of integrally sintering at least the base material layer and the powder sliding layer. The powder sliding layer becomes a sliding layer by being heated and melted and solidified by a sintering process. Moreover, if a base material layer is a powder base material layer which consists of metal powders, a powder base material layer will become a base material which consists of a sintered compact by a sintering process. Furthermore, if the intermediate layer is a layer made of a metal powder, the intermediate layer is made of a sintered body.

  Therefore, according to the manufacturing method of the sliding member of the present invention, the base material layer and the powder sliding layer formed in the laminating process are integrally sintered in the sintering process, so that the sliding process is performed in a small number of processes. A moving member can be formed. Moreover, by making the base material layer a powder base material layer, the base material and the sliding layer can be simultaneously sintered to obtain a sliding member. Furthermore, by forming a powder intermediate layer made of metal powder in the laminating step, it is possible to obtain a sliding member by simultaneously sintering the base material, the intermediate layer, and the sliding layer.

  Further, as a sintering method, a conventional method such as hot pressing can be used, but particularly preferable is a sintering method in which the powder sliding layer is subjected to discharge sintering while being pressed with a mold. Specifically, it is a discharge plasma sintering method. The spark plasma sintering method is a method in which a direct current pulse current is applied to electrodes and sintering is performed using a discharge phenomenon between powders. Since the powder is activated by electric discharge, there is an advantage that it can be sintered at a low temperature in a short time. Moreover, since it sinters while pressing, the sliding member excellent in adhesiveness is obtained.

  In the sintering step, there are no particular limitations on the sintering conditions, as long as the resin powder is satisfactorily sintered. If the raw material powder (metal powder or raw material powder for sliding layer) contains a substance that is easily oxidized, it is desirable to sinter in vacuum or in an inert gas atmosphere. Moreover, what is necessary is just to select a sintering temperature suitably according to the kind of raw material powder.

  Examples of the sliding member of the present invention and the manufacturing method of the sliding member of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a discharge plasma sintering apparatus, and FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a seizure test.

  In this example, sintering was performed using a discharge plasma sintering method. As shown in FIG. 2, the discharge plasma sintering apparatus 4 (hereinafter referred to as the sintering apparatus 4) has an upper electrode 42 and a lower electrode 47 disposed in a press apparatus 40 having hydraulic apparatuses 41 and 46 and an upper part. The punch 43 and the lower punch 48 are coaxially arranged, and further includes a vacuum chamber 44, a power supply device, and various control devices (not shown). Then, powder (1 ′, 2 ′) or metal plate (1) placed in a cylindrical graphite mold 49 (not shown) having an inner diameter of 50 mm or a graphite mold 49 ′ is added by the lower punch 43 and the upper punch 48. And sintered by discharge plasma.

  The graphite mold 49 is a cylindrical mold having a uniform outer diameter (thickness), but the graphite mold 49 ′ has different outer diameters at the upper part and the lower part as shown in FIG. 2. Therefore, the thermal conductivity differs between the upper part and the lower part of the graphite mold 49 '.

  In this example, aluminum powder (average particle size 30 μm), copper powder (average particle size 30 μm), and a disk-shaped metal plate (φ50 mm, thickness 10 mm) made of an aluminum alloy or a copper alloy were prepared. .

  Furthermore, mixed powders A to E in which the resin powder and the solid lubricant powder were mixed by a ball mill at the volume ratio shown in Table 1 (however, the powder E is only the resin powder) were prepared. The resin powder includes polyamideimide (PAI) resin powder (average primary particle size 100 μm), polyimide (PI) resin powder (average primary particle size 20 μm), polyether ether ketone (PEEK) resin powder (average primary particle size 100 μm). One of these was used. As the solid lubricant, molybdenum disulfide (average primary particle size: 10 μm) and graphite (average primary particle size: 1 μm) were used at a volume ratio of 1: 1.

（摺動部材ａ〜ｆの作製）
焼結装置４の黒鉛型４９’に、粉末Ｃを上部から投入した後、上部パンチ４３による予備加圧（２０ＭＰａで加圧して投入した粉末の形状を整える作業であり、この際プラズマは発生させない）により粉末Ｃの表面を均して層厚が５００μｍの粉末摺動層２’を形成した。次に、均された粉末Ｃの上へアルミニウム粉末、銅粉末のうちのいずれかの金属粉末を投入した後、上部パンチ４３による予備加圧により金属粉末の表面を均して層厚が５ｍｍの基材層１’を形成した。なお、粉末Ｃは黒鉛型４９’の肉厚の厚い下部に位置し、金属粉末は黒鉛型４９’の肉厚の薄い上部に位置するようにした。

(Production of sliding members a to f)
After the powder C is put into the graphite mold 49 'of the sintering apparatus 4 from above, pre-pressurization by the upper punch 43 (this is an operation for adjusting the shape of the charged powder by pressurizing at 20 MPa. At this time, plasma is not generated. The surface of the powder C was leveled to form a powder sliding layer 2 ′ having a layer thickness of 500 μm. Next, after putting metal powder of aluminum powder or copper powder on the smoothed powder C, the surface of the metal powder is smoothed by pre-pressurization by the upper punch 43 and the layer thickness is 5 mm. A base material layer 1 ′ was formed. The powder C was positioned at the lower thick part of the graphite mold 49 ′, and the metal powder was positioned at the upper thin part of the graphite mold 49 ′.

  Then, a direct current pulse current was applied in a state where the base material layer 1 ′ and the powder sliding layer 2 ′ were pressurized at 50 MPa, and discharge plasma sintering was performed. Sintering produced the sliding members af which consisted of the base material 1 and the sliding layer 2 by hold | maintaining the temperature of the graphite type | mold 49 at 300-400 degreeC for 1 to 10 minutes.

  Table 2 shows the types of metal powder and resin powder used for the sliding members a to f.

(Production of sliding members g to t)
A metal plate of either an aluminum alloy or a copper alloy was inserted into the graphite mold 49 of the sintering apparatus 4 from above. Next, after powder A or powder C was put on the metal plate, the surface of the mixed powder was leveled by pre-pressurization by the upper punch 43 to form a first layer having a layer thickness of 500 μm.

  In the case of forming the second layer on the first layer, the powder B or powder C is added, and then the surface of the mixed powder is leveled by pre-pressurization by the upper punch 43 to form a second layer having a layer thickness of 500 μm. Formed.

  When forming the third layer on the second layer, after the powder C is charged, the surface of the mixed powder is leveled by pre-pressurization by the upper punch 43 to form a third layer having a layer thickness of 500 μm. did.

  Furthermore, when the fourth layer is formed on the third layer, after the powder D is charged, the surface of the mixed powder is leveled by pre-pressurization by the upper punch 43 to form a fourth layer having a layer thickness of 500 μm. did.

  Then, by sintering the powder sliding layer 2 ′ composed of at least the first layer among the metal plate 1 and the first to fourth layers in the same manner as the sliding members a to f, the base material 1 and the sliding layer are slid. Sliding members g to t composed of the dynamic layer 2 were produced.

  Table 2 shows the types of metal plate and resin powder used for the sliding members g to t and the types of mixed powder used for the first to fourth layers.

(Production of sliding members a ′ to f ′)
Sliding members a ′ to f ′ were produced in the same manner as the sliding members a to f, except that powder E (not containing solid lubricant powder) was used instead of powder C. Table 2 shows the types of metal powder and resin powder used for the sliding members a ′ to f ′.

(Production of sliding members a and b)
After thoroughly stirring the PAI resin varnish and the solid lubricant powder, the coating composition was prepared by passing through a three-roll mill. The coating composition was prepared so that the composition of the PAI resin and the solid lubricant powder was the same as C in Table 1.

  Next, the coating composition is applied to the surface of the metal plate 1 by a spray coating method, dried, and baked at 200 ° C. for 1 hour. Was made. The layer thickness of the sliding layer 2 was 20 μm.

[Evaluation]
In order to confirm the effect of the sliding member of the present invention, a seizure test was performed on each of the above sliding members. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, each sliding member that fixes the rotary shaft 5 from the base 1 side on the upper surface of the shoe 6 made of bearing steel (SUJ2) fixed to the pedestal portion 7 is arranged around the axis. By rotating, the sliding layer 2 and the upper surface of the shoe 6 were brought into sliding contact.

  And the seizure test was conducted under sliding oil lubrication with a sliding speed of 10 m / s, a load of 5000 N, a test time of 2 hours (7200 seconds). Further, the coefficient of friction after the test load was stabilized at 5000 N was measured. The test results are shown in Table 2.

なお、固体潤滑剤粉末を含まない粉末Ｅを用いた摺動部材ａ’〜ｃ’は、摺動部材の作製後まもなく摺動層２が基材１から剥離したため、試験を行わなかった。また、同じく粉末Ｅを用いた摺動部材ｄ’〜ｆ’は、試験荷重が５０００Ｎに達する前（具体的には、１０００〜３０００Ｎ程度）に摺動層２が基材１から剥離したため、それ以降の試験を行わなかった。

Note that the sliding members a ′ to c ′ using the powder E containing no solid lubricant powder were not tested because the sliding layer 2 was peeled off from the substrate 1 shortly after the sliding member was produced. Similarly, the sliding members d ′ to f ′ using the powder E are separated from the base material 1 before the test load reaches 5000 N (specifically, about 1000 to 3000 N). No further testing was done.

  All of the sliding members a to t exhibited low frictional resistance, and most of them did not cause seizure after a 2-hour test. In addition, sliding members g, h, i, j, and n were seized after 2200 seconds, 1800 seconds, 2600 seconds, 3600 seconds, and 3000 seconds, respectively. Has better seizure resistance than b. This is because the resin powder is solidified after being melted by sintering in a pressurized state, so that the adhesion to the base material is enhanced.

  That is, a sliding member a to a metal base and a sliding layer of resin powder integrally sintered on at least one surface of the base, and the sliding layer includes solid lubricant powder. t has excellent sliding properties with high adhesion between the substrate and the sliding layer.

It is sectional drawing which shows typically an example of the sliding member of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows typically the sintering apparatus used for discharge plasma sintering. It is a schematic diagram explaining a seizure test.

Explanation of symbols

1, 10: Base material (metal plate) 1 ': Base material layer (metal powder)
2, 20: sliding layer 2 ': powder sliding layer 30: intermediate layer 4: discharge plasma sintering apparatus

Claims (19)

A sliding member having a metal base material and a sliding layer of resin powder integrally sintered on at least one surface of the base material,
A sliding member characterized in that the sliding layer contains a solid lubricant powder.   The sliding member according to claim 1, wherein at least the sliding layer is subjected to discharge sintering while being pressed with a mold.   The sliding member according to claim 1, wherein the base material is a bulk body or a sintered body made of a metal powder sintered integrally with the sliding layer.   The sliding member according to claim 1, wherein the base material includes at least one of iron, aluminum, copper, and magnesium.   The sliding member according to claim 1, wherein the sliding layer is a functionally graded material layer in which the volume ratio of the solid lubricant powder on the base material side is lower than that on the anti-base material side.   The sliding member according to claim 5, wherein the functionally graded material layer is a layer in which a ratio of the solid lubricant powder changes continuously or stepwise from the base material side to the anti-base material side.   The sliding member according to claim 1, wherein the solid lubricant powder includes at least one of molybdenum disulfide powder, graphite powder, and fluorine compound powder.   The sliding member according to claim 1, wherein the resin powder is a heat-resistant resin powder made of a heat-resistant resin.   The sliding member according to claim 1, wherein the resin powder includes at least one of polyamideimide resin powder, polyimide resin powder, and polyetheretherketone resin powder.   The sliding member according to claim 1, further comprising an intermediate layer that is interposed between the base material and the sliding layer and is made of a metal different from the base material.   The sliding member according to claim 10, wherein the intermediate layer is an intermediate sintered body layer made of metal powder that is integrally sintered with the base material and the sliding layer.   The sliding member according to claim 10, wherein the intermediate layer includes at least one of copper and aluminum.   The sliding member according to claim 1, wherein the base material is a sliding component of a compressor. A laminating step of forming a powder sliding layer composed of at least a resin powder and a solid lubricant powder on at least one surface of a base material layer composed of a metal;
A sintering step of integrally sintering the base material layer and the powder sliding layer;
The manufacturing method of the sliding member characterized by having.   The method for manufacturing a sliding member according to claim 14, wherein in the sintering step, at least the powder sliding layer is subjected to discharge sintering while being pressed with a mold.   The method for manufacturing a sliding member according to claim 14, wherein the base material layer is a powder base material layer made of metal powder or a bulk body. Before the laminating step, at least a powder preparation step of preparing two or more kinds of mixed powders having different volume ratios of the resin powder and the solid lubricant powder,
In the laminating step, the powder sliding layer is formed by sequentially laminating the two or more mixed powders so that the volume ratio of the solid lubricant powder on the base layer side is lower than that on the anti-base layer side. The method for manufacturing a sliding member according to claim 14.   The manufacturing of the sliding member according to claim 14, wherein the laminating step includes a step of forming a powder intermediate layer made of a metal powder different from the base material layer between the base material layer and the powder sliding layer. Method.   The base material layer is a bulk body, and before the laminating step, an intermediate layer that forms an intermediate layer made of a metal different from the base material layer on the surface of the base material layer on which the powder sliding layer is formed The manufacturing method of the sliding member of Claim 14 which has a formation process.

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