WO2005115676A1 - レーザ加工方法および装置 - Google Patents
レーザ加工方法および装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005115676A1 WO2005115676A1 PCT/JP2005/007403 JP2005007403W WO2005115676A1 WO 2005115676 A1 WO2005115676 A1 WO 2005115676A1 JP 2005007403 W JP2005007403 W JP 2005007403W WO 2005115676 A1 WO2005115676 A1 WO 2005115676A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- laser
- damage
- intensity
- workpiece
- optical system
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B33/00—Severing cooled glass
- C03B33/02—Cutting or splitting sheet glass or ribbons; Apparatus or machines therefor
- C03B33/0222—Scoring using a focussed radiation beam, e.g. laser
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D5/00—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor
- B28D5/0005—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor by breaking, e.g. dicing
- B28D5/0011—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor by breaking, e.g. dicing with preliminary treatment, e.g. weakening by scoring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B33/00—Severing cooled glass
- C03B33/09—Severing cooled glass by thermal shock
- C03B33/091—Severing cooled glass by thermal shock using at least one focussed radiation beam, e.g. laser beam
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C23/00—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
- C03C23/0005—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments by irradiation
- C03C23/0025—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments by irradiation by a laser beam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/36—Electric or electronic devices
- B23K2101/40—Semiconductor devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laser processing method and apparatus, and in particular, forms minute damage (modification) on a processing object such as a dielectric material substrate or a semiconductor material substrate by pulse laser irradiation or processing.
- the present invention relates to a laser processing method and apparatus suitable for forming a cutting start region used for cutting an object.
- the processing accuracy decreases, making it difficult to perform processing finer than the laser wavelength.
- Patent Document 1 describes the conventional technique in such femtosecond laser processing. There is technology. The technology described in Patent Document 1, a dielectric material such as metal or glass, such as gold target was irradiated with pulsed laser damage (LIB: Laser Induced Breakdown) fluence Ru induced ⁇ / cm 2) of the threshold, The dependence of the value (F) on the laser pulse width ( ⁇ ) was investigated.
- LIB Laser Induced Breakdown
- the damage in the technique described in Patent Document 1 is mainly a plasma generation type damage.
- the term plasma is almost synonymous with ionization, dielectric breakdown, dielectric breakdown, avalanche, etc.
- glass-induced damage is plasma generation by a multiphoton avalanche, but specific values for the size of the damage caused are shown.
- Patent Document 1 shows an embodiment in which a metal such as gold or a living tissue is used as a processing object in addition to glass. All of them point out that “the machining accuracy improves in the short pulse width range that deviates from the scaling law”. In other words, “damage” as defined by the technology described in Patent Document 1 is the level of its fluence threshold (F).
- the one-pulse width ( ⁇ ) dependence depends on the F ⁇ scale in the long pulse width region.
- the threshold value (F) becomes larger than the value predicted from this scaling law. Only for “damage” that exhibits this behavior
- Patent Document 1 has been found to improve machining accuracy.
- Patent Document 1 International Publication No. 95Z27587 Pamphlet
- the damage threshold fluence F decreases with decreasing pulse width.
- the temperature at the irradiation site instantaneously reaches tens of thousands of degrees, and many free electrons having high kinetic energy are generated. Therefore, the atomic structure at the irradiation position is not only completely destroyed, but also the size of the damaged area is increased by thermal diffusion due to a high temperature rise. In addition, free electrons with high kinetic energy diffuse randomly and induce damage, which is another factor that increases the size of the damage. That is, the generation of plasma is not preferable from the viewpoint of reducing the size of damage, that is, miniaturization of processing. In such plasma-induced processing, the size of damage may not be less than the laser wavelength, but microfabrication of less than half the laser wavelength diffraction limit (approximately 0.6 times the laser wavelength ⁇ ) is impossible. It is.
- An object of the present invention is to damage (modify) a semiconductor material or a dielectric material such as glass that is smaller than the diffraction limit value of the laser wavelength at an irradiation site where plasma is not generated by laser pulse irradiation. It is an object of the present invention to provide a laser processing method and apparatus capable of generating the above.
- the present invention condenses and irradiates an object to be processed with an optical system with a laser beam having a laser intensity smaller than a laser intensity threshold value that causes plasma to be generated on the object to be processed. Damage was caused without causing plasma.
- laser diodes capable of causing damage (modification) smaller than the diffraction limit value of the laser wavelength that induces plasma to various dielectric materials and semiconductor materials.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a laser processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the procedure of force using the laser carriage apparatus of FIG.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram showing a light scattering image of damage in the present invention
- FIG. 4B is a diagram showing an image of plasma emission.
- FIG. 5A is a diagram showing the pulse width dependence of the threshold value of damage laser intensity (irradiance) in the present invention
- FIG. 5B is the laser intensity of damage (I (Radiance) Threshold value and pulse width dependence of value
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the pulse width dependence of the laser intensity (fluence) of damage in the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically showing structural changes induced by damage in the present invention with respect to glass
- FIG. 7A is a diagram showing the structure of glass before laser irradiation
- FIG. 7B is a diagram after laser irradiation. Diagram showing the structure of glass
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the measurement results of the laser intensity threshold value of damage in the present invention for various workpieces.
- the inventor focused various pulse lasers inside the material by an optical system including an objective lens on a dielectric material such as glass, and at the same time, performed magnified observation of the laser scattered image of the irradiated region.
- the fluence threshold force that generates the plasma also gradually decreases the laser intensity.
- the present inventor has conceived the present invention described in detail below.
- the present invention performs processing finer than the diffraction limit value on an object to be processed, and the processed portion
- the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for observing.
- pulsed laser light is collected by a precisely optimized irradiation optical system, and at the same time, an image of the irradiated portion is measured by a dark field type laser light scattering method to accurately measure the presence or absence of damage.
- the design guideline for the irradiation optical system also includes a device that does not cause the self-convergence effect at the condensing position.
- microscopic damage that is completely different from plasma damage occurs at lower light energy than when generating plasma without generating plasma at the irradiation position. It is something to be made.
- the damage in the present invention is fundamentally different from the plasma-induced damage in the technique described in Patent Document 1.
- the damage fluence threshold in the present invention was determined for various materials by a laser light scattering image measurement method described later. As a result, it was found that the damage fluence threshold in the present invention is about 1Z 1.5, which is the plasma induction threshold when the workpiece is glass. Furthermore, for example, glass was used as a processing object, and the laser pulse width dependency of the damage threshold of the present invention was examined in the same manner as the technique described in Patent Document 1.
- the present invention provides damage following such behavior. Is what causes
- the material to be processed in the present invention is a dielectric such as glass, alkali halide (such as calcium fluoride), sapphire, or diamond, or a semiconductor.
- the wavelength ( ⁇ ) of the pulse laser used corresponds to a photon energy lower than the band gap of these materials. Specifically, near-infrared light of about 1 to 2 / zm is emitted from visible light of about 500 nm. Equivalent to.
- a femtosecond pulse laser is preferable for reducing the damage. Since damage in the present invention can be formed by single irradiation, the repetition oscillation frequency of pulse oscillation (number of pulse supplies per unit time) is not particularly limited, but many damages occur on the workpiece at high speed.
- a femtosecond titanium sapphire laser with 1 kHz (kilohertz) oscillation is preferably used.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a laser carriage device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- This laser processing apparatus 100 is an apparatus for inducing the damage according to the present invention and simultaneously confirming the damage, and an irradiation optical system 20 for inducing the damage in the present invention inside the workpiece 10. And a laser light scattering image measurement optical system 30 for observing the damage that has occurred.
- the workpiece 10 is fixed to the three-dimensional stage 12, and can be arbitrarily driven and scanned three-dimensionally so as to be processed at a predetermined position.
- the irradiation optical system 20 is designed so that the laser beam is narrowed down to the diffraction limit value of light inside the workpiece 10 and does not cause a self-focusing effect.
- the irradiation optical system 20 A Coop optical system 22, a diaphragm 24, and an objective lens 26 are included.
- the laser beam 1 generated by a laser light source (not shown) is enlarged in beam diameter by a telescope optical system 22 to a predetermined magnification (for example, about 3 times). Specifically, for example, the diameter of the laser beam 1 is expanded from 6 mm to a maximum of 20 mm by the telescope optical system 22.
- the laser beam 1 whose beam diameter has been expanded is shaped into a ring-shaped beam cross section through the diaphragm 24.
- the reason for beam shaping in a ring shape will be described later.
- the diameter of the ring is, for example, 8 to: LO mm.
- the beam-shaped laser light 1 is condensed at a predetermined condensing position 3 inside the cache object 10 by an oil immersion objective lens 26 having a high numerical aperture (NA value).
- NA numerical aperture
- the diaphragm 24 and the objective lens 26 are used by being incorporated in an optical microscope. With such an optical arrangement, the laser beam 1 is focused inside the workpiece 10 with a large solid angle. As a result, no beam spot expansion occurs due to the self-focusing effect at the focusing position 3, and the beam spot diameter at the focusing position 3 is focused to the diffraction limit value of laser light 1 (approximately X 0.6). can do.
- a laser light scattering image measurement optical system 30 for confirming the generated damage.
- the laser beam 1 focused inside the workpiece 10 is scattered due to the damage caused by the self, so that the scattered light is enlarged and measured in the dark field. Minute damage can be confirmed.
- the reason why such a method is necessary for confirming the damage is that the damage in the present invention is the density and refraction of the irradiated portion, which is not the cavity damage (crack or hole) due to the plasma in the technique described in Patent Document 1. This is because the damage is variable, and it is difficult to confirm with a simple optical microscope.
- the laser light scattering image measurement optical system 30 includes a spot screen (aperture) 32, an objective lens 34, a CCD camera 36, and an optical filter 38.
- the laser beam 1 focused inside the workpiece 10 to cause damage due to the ring-shaped beam cross section is a force that re-diverges while having the ring-shaped beam cross section. After exiting 10, it is blocked by the spot screen 32.
- the spot screen 32 After damage occurs at the condensing position 3, a part of the incident laser light 1 is scattered by the damage at the condensing position 3, and the optical path (traveling direction) Direction) changes. As a result, the scattered light 5 can pass through the spot screen 32.
- the scattered light 5 passes through the objective lens 34 and is magnified, and is captured by the scattered image power CCD camera 36. That is, when no damage is caused in the present invention, the scattered image becomes a complete dark field, and only when the damage is induced, the scattered image appears on the CCD screen, and the occurrence of the damage can be confirmed. Also, when plasma is generated by laser irradiation as in the technique described in Patent Document 1, an optical filter 38 that cuts only the laser wavelength is disposed on the front surface of the CCD camera 36 to cut the laser scattered light 5, Only plasma emission can be imaged.
- the laser light scattering image measurement optical system 30 determines an irradiation condition (a fluence threshold value) that can induce damage to the workpiece 10 in the present invention.
- the determined irradiation condition is immediately fed back to the irradiation procedure, and the laser light source (not shown) is adjusted so that the laser output becomes the determined output.
- the workpiece 10 is fixed to the three-dimensional stage 12 as described above, and can be arbitrarily driven and scanned three-dimensionally so as to be processed at a predetermined position.
- the laser beam 1 is focused on the workpiece 10 using the irradiation optical system 20, and can be applied to a predetermined position.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the procedure of force using the laser carriage device 100 of FIG. As shown in Fig. 2, the processing procedure differs depending on whether the processing laser intensity is unknown or not.
- the processing laser intensity is unknown
- the workpiece 10 is transferred to the three-dimensional stage 12, the processing position is positioned, the laser beam 1 is irradiated onto the workpiece 10, and laser light scattering image measurement is performed.
- the damage threshold of the workpiece 10 is determined by the optical system 30, and the laser intensity of the processing is determined (step S100).
- the laser beam 1 is irradiated to the processing planned position through the irradiation optical system 20 with the laser intensity determined in step S100 (step S200).
- the 3D stage 12 is driven and scanned in a two-dimensional Z-three-dimensional manner along the predetermined planned schedule line, and the desired processing is performed by inducing damage along the planned processing line. (Step S 300).
- the procedure of step S100 is not necessary, and the procedure of steps S200 and S300 is immediately performed.
- the size of damage in the present invention caused by the above method can be calculated according to the following numerical calculation.
- the light intensity distribution in the direction perpendicular to the traveling direction that is, the intensity distribution of the beam cross section
- a Gaussian function Called.
- n is the refractive index of the workpiece, and ⁇ is the laser wavelength in vacuum.
- the horizontal axis represents the laser intensity I
- the laser intensity on the horizontal axis is a value standardized by the damage threshold.
- laser light having a laser intensity lower than the threshold value of the laser intensity at which plasma is generated (for example, about 1Z1.5 times) is collected at the condensing position.
- plasma is generated inside the object to be processed such as a dielectric material substrate or a semiconductor material substrate. It is possible to form extremely fine modified regions that are less than half the diffraction limit of the laser wavelength used for processing without causing them to occur.
- this fine modified region is difficult to confirm by a normal method.
- the modified region was clearly modified by using the dark field light scattering observation method. A place can be specified, and the fine processing can be performed at a desired position.
- silicate glass (trade name: BK7) was used as an object to be processed.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a typical example of a dark field light scattering image at the laser irradiation position at this time.
- the plasma generation threshold I P was 1Z1.5 times larger.
- the irradiance threshold I d of damage was maintained at a constant value of approximately 6TWZcm 2 over a wide range of pulse widths from 100 femtoseconds to 30 nanoseconds. . I.e. damage irad th
- Ance threshold I d does not depend at all on the pulse width ⁇ of the pulse laser used
- FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B the workpiece is both glass. Therefore, if FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B are compared, it is obvious that the present invention is processing based on a mechanism that is completely different from the technique described in Patent Document 1.
- the damage in the present invention is a damage characterized by a density change Z refractive index change that is not caused by a cavity-like damage caused by plasma generation as in the technique described in Patent Document 1.
- This damage regardless of the value of the pulse width, time unit, is a phenomenon in which light energy (that is, irradiance) per unit area is induced Once you reach a certain value i d. this
- FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically showing structural changes induced by damage in the present invention on glass.
- FIG. 7A shows the glass structure before laser irradiation
- FIG. 7B shows the glass structure after laser irradiation.
- the glass has a regular structure Z configuration, and in the latter, the structure Z configuration of the glass is frozen while largely disturbed.
- Such a structural change is similar to a metal-dielectric phase transition. Therefore, it is considered that the damage (density Z refractive index change) in the present invention is induced by such a mechanism.
- Some dielectrics such as calcium fluoride (CaF), strontium fluoride (SrF)
- various dielectric materials and semiconductor materials have extremely small damage (modified) having a size less than half the diffraction limit value of the laser wavelength without inducing plasma. Quality) can be induced. Such damage can be induced at any position inside the workpiece by freely changing the focal point position of the workpiece. it can.
- this damage appears as a change in refractive index, so that it can be optically read out. Therefore, if such a fine damage spot is used for a memory dot, a two-dimensional Z-three-dimensional memory having a memory density improved by an order of magnitude or more than before can be produced from various solid materials.
- fine markings can be applied to various materials by arbitrarily forming damage in the solid material in the present invention.
- damage in the present invention also induces density changes, such damage also serves as a starting point for material cutting. If the damage is aligned along the planned cutting line, it is possible to cut solid materials with a machining accuracy of less than a micrometer.
- the present invention provides a highly versatile and high-technologies that can perform extremely fine damage of 100 to 200 nm or ⁇ m or less without inducing plasma on various materials. Is.
- the laser processing method and apparatus according to the present invention are extremely fine damage (modified) having a size less than half the diffraction limit value of a laser wavelength without inducing plasma for various dielectric materials and semiconductor materials. It is useful as a laser processing method and apparatus capable of inducing quality.
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/579,697 US20080314883A1 (en) | 2004-05-26 | 2005-04-18 | Laser Processing Method and Equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004156768A JP4631044B2 (ja) | 2004-05-26 | 2004-05-26 | レーザ加工方法および装置 |
| JP2004-156768 | 2004-05-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2005115676A1 true WO2005115676A1 (ja) | 2005-12-08 |
Family
ID=35450714
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2005/007403 Ceased WO2005115676A1 (ja) | 2004-05-26 | 2005-04-18 | レーザ加工方法および装置 |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20080314883A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4631044B2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2005115676A1 (ja) |
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| JP2013031879A (ja) * | 2012-09-04 | 2013-02-14 | Imra America Inc | 超短パルスレーザでの透明材料処理 |
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| JP4607537B2 (ja) * | 2004-10-15 | 2011-01-05 | 株式会社レーザーシステム | レーザ加工方法 |
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| US9138913B2 (en) * | 2005-09-08 | 2015-09-22 | Imra America, Inc. | Transparent material processing with an ultrashort pulse laser |
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| US7568365B2 (en) * | 2001-05-04 | 2009-08-04 | President & Fellows Of Harvard College | Method and apparatus for micromachining bulk transparent materials using localized heating by nonlinearly absorbed laser radiation, and devices fabricated thereby |
| JP4659301B2 (ja) * | 2001-09-12 | 2011-03-30 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | レーザ加工方法 |
| JP4409840B2 (ja) * | 2002-03-12 | 2010-02-03 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 加工対象物切断方法 |
| CA2428187C (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2012-10-02 | National Research Council Of Canada | Method of fabricating sub-micron structures in transparent dielectric materials |
| JP2003340588A (ja) * | 2002-05-24 | 2003-12-02 | Inst Of Physical & Chemical Res | 透明材料内部の処理方法およびその装置 |
| WO2004068553A2 (en) * | 2003-01-29 | 2004-08-12 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Method for forming nanoscale features |
| US7291805B2 (en) * | 2003-10-30 | 2007-11-06 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Target isolation system, high power laser and laser peening method and system using same |
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2004
- 2004-05-26 JP JP2004156768A patent/JP4631044B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2005
- 2005-04-18 US US11/579,697 patent/US20080314883A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-04-18 WO PCT/JP2005/007403 patent/WO2005115676A1/ja not_active Ceased
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| WO2002022301A1 (fr) * | 2000-09-13 | 2002-03-21 | Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. | Procede et dispositif d'usinage par rayonnement laser |
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| MIDORIKAWA K.: "Femto Byo Laser no Genjo to Kako Oyo (Recent Progress of Femtosecond Lasers and Their Applications to Material Processing)", DAI 45 KAI PROCEEDINGS OF LASER MATERIALS PROCESSING CONFERENCE, December 1998 (1998-12-01), pages 29 - 38, XP002969943 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013031879A (ja) * | 2012-09-04 | 2013-02-14 | Imra America Inc | 超短パルスレーザでの透明材料処理 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4631044B2 (ja) | 2011-02-16 |
| JP2007253156A (ja) | 2007-10-04 |
| US20080314883A1 (en) | 2008-12-25 |
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