WO2005114987A1 - Dispositif pour detecter une scene d'objets - Google Patents

Dispositif pour detecter une scene d'objets Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005114987A1
WO2005114987A1 PCT/EP2005/005115 EP2005005115W WO2005114987A1 WO 2005114987 A1 WO2005114987 A1 WO 2005114987A1 EP 2005005115 W EP2005005115 W EP 2005005115W WO 2005114987 A1 WO2005114987 A1 WO 2005114987A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
partially reflecting
prism
reflecting layer
prisms
layer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2005/005115
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans Dieter Tholl
Rainer Baumann
Joachim Barenz
Original Assignee
Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg filed Critical Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg
Publication of WO2005114987A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005114987A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G7/00—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles
    • F41G7/008—Combinations of different guidance systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/50—Constructional details
    • H04N23/55—Optical parts specially adapted for electronic image sensors; Mounting thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G7/00—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles
    • F41G7/20—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles based on continuous observation of target position
    • F41G7/22—Homing guidance systems
    • F41G7/2213—Homing guidance systems maintaining the axis of an orientable seeking head pointed at the target, e.g. target seeking gyro
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G7/00—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles
    • F41G7/20—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles based on continuous observation of target position
    • F41G7/22—Homing guidance systems
    • F41G7/2246—Active homing systems, i.e. comprising both a transmitter and a receiver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G7/00—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles
    • F41G7/20—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles based on continuous observation of target position
    • F41G7/22—Homing guidance systems
    • F41G7/2253—Passive homing systems, i.e. comprising a receiver and do not requiring an active illumination of the target
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G7/00—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles
    • F41G7/20—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles based on continuous observation of target position
    • F41G7/22—Homing guidance systems
    • F41G7/226—Semi-active homing systems, i.e. comprising a receiver and involving auxiliary illuminating means, e.g. using auxiliary guiding missiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G7/00—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles
    • F41G7/20—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles based on continuous observation of target position
    • F41G7/22—Homing guidance systems
    • F41G7/2273—Homing guidance systems characterised by the type of waves
    • F41G7/2293—Homing guidance systems characterised by the type of waves using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
    • G02B17/02—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system
    • G02B17/06—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror
    • G02B17/0605—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using two curved mirrors
    • G02B17/061—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using two curved mirrors on-axis systems with at least one of the mirrors having a central aperture
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
    • G02B26/10—Scanning systems
    • G02B26/108—Scanning systems having one or more prisms as scanning elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G02B27/1006—Beam splitting or combining systems for splitting or combining different wavelengths
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G02B27/14—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only
    • G02B27/149—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only using crossed beamsplitting surfaces, e.g. cross-dichroic cubes or X-cubes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/10—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths
    • H04N23/13—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths with multiple sensors
    • H04N23/16—Optical arrangements associated therewith, e.g. for beam-splitting or for colour correction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/58—Means for changing the camera field of view without moving the camera body, e.g. nutating or panning of optics or image sensors

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a device for detecting an object scene with an imaging optical system and at least three detectors connected to the optical system.
  • Such devices are known for example from US 3,333,053 or from US 3,610,818.
  • the known devices are structurally large. To observe large solid angles, the devices as a whole have to be pivoted disadvantageously, since the individual components are arranged rigidly to one another.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a device of the type mentioned at the outset which is structurally small and with which unproblematicly large solid angles can be observed.
  • an optical branch is provided with a compact prism arrangement which has a number of prisms, a first, a second and a third outer beam passage surface and a partially reflecting layer which optically connects the first beam passage area to the second and third beam passage area, the prism arrangement having a second comprises partially reflective layer, which is oriented at an angle to the first partially reflective layer, that b) the optical system comprises a first structurally fixed part and a movable part which is pivotable relative to the first part about at least one axis, and that c) the optical branching in the structurally fixed Part of the optical system is arranged.
  • Optical branching as such is known in particular in the form of a beam splitter cube, which consists of two prisms in the form of a cube half each, which are connected to one another along a cube diagonal surface.
  • a partially reflecting layer in the form of a dichroic interference filter can be attached to one of the facing cube diagonal surfaces.
  • several beam splitter cubes are optically connected in series.
  • a second partially reflective layer is included, which is oriented at an angle to the first partially reflective layer. Radiation passing through a beam passage area can be led out of the prism arrangement in three different directions, as a result of which there is no need to cascade optical branches.
  • the optical system comprises a first structurally fixed part and a movable part which can be pivoted about at least one axis relative to the first part.
  • a particularly small and mechanically stable device is achieved in that the optical branch is arranged in the structurally fixed part of the optical system.
  • a large angle of the object scene can be captured.
  • the detectors can remain focused on the object scene during a movement of the structurally fixed part relative to the object scene by a compensating movement of the movable part.
  • the optical branching and detectors provided for detection need not be moved.
  • the device is particularly suitable for a missile for detecting targets.
  • the structurally fixed part is particularly direct or indirect firmly connected to an outer shell of the missile.
  • the movable part is expediently arranged within a window dome of the missile.
  • the partially reflecting layer is advantageously tilted by approximately 45 ° ⁇ 5 ° to the optical axis of the system and expediently arranged in the parallel beam path in order to avoid asymmetrical, uncorrectable astigmatism.
  • a large solid angle can be detected by the device, the pivotable part of which is oriented at least two perpendicular to one another
  • Axes is pivotable.
  • the movable part comprises a first part which is arranged in a holding device pivotable about the first axis and a second part which is arranged in a holding device pivotable about the second axis.
  • the holding device is, for example, a frame.
  • the prism arrangement is compact and thus free of a gas-filled cavity at least in the beam path. It comprises outer beam passage surfaces, which can optionally be coated and can limit the prism arrangement to the outside. To minimize the reflection losses at the
  • Beam passage areas are expediently coated with an antireflection coating.
  • the partially reflecting layers can be arranged between mutually facing surfaces of the prisms and can, for example, form a low pass or a high pass which allows radiation to pass below or above a frequency limit. It is also possible to design a partially reflecting layer as a bandpass filter, which reflects a partial spectral range of the incident radiation with high effectiveness and transmits the remaining partial spectral range with high effectiveness.
  • the prisms have a high transmission for the entire spectral range.
  • the partially reflecting layers are arranged at an angle to one another and are therefore neither parallel nor antiparallel, but at an angle of in particular over 10 ° to one another.
  • Two or more of the same kind, not in one Layer-produced partially reflective layers which are aligned in the prism arrangement and which are provided for illumination through a single beam passage area can be regarded as a single partially reflective layer.
  • An optical connection between two beam passage areas is established by guiding radiation passing through a beam passage area into the other beam passage area with the aid of a partially reflecting layer.
  • the steering preferably takes place in such a way that radiation entering perpendicularly through a beam passage area is directed through a partially reflecting layer to the other beam passage area in such a way that it strikes this beam passage area perpendicularly.
  • the invention encompasses the use of the optical branching as a beam splitter, one of the beam passage areas being configured as a beam entry area and the other two beam passage areas being configured as first and second beam exit areas, and the partially reflecting layer comprising a first part of the radiation entering the first beam exit area and a second Part of the radiation entering through the beam entry surface directs into the second beam exit surface.
  • the second partially reflecting layer directs a third part of the radiation entering through the beam entry surface into a third beam exit surface.
  • the invention comprises an optical branching, which is used as a beam connector, the first partially reflecting layer guiding radiation entering the prism arrangement through two different beam passage areas into the third beam passing area designed as a beam exit area and the second partially reflecting layer through a further one
  • Beam passage area in the prism arrangement also directs radiation into the beam exit area.
  • the partially reflecting layers are inclined, in particular tilted by 45 °, to the optical axis of the beam path.
  • the prisms are therefore advantageously firmly connected to one another, advantageously by means of a suitable adhesive, for example an optical putty.
  • the refractive index of the adhesive must be close to that of the prism material to prevent reflection losses.
  • the adhesive must have a high transmission, that is to say a vanishing absorption, for the spectral range in transmission, in particular for the entire spectral range.
  • Both the adhesive layer and the partially reflecting layers are advantageously very thin, for example 10 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, so that neither the adhesive nor the interference layer system in transmission cause any significant asymmetrical aberration.
  • a small optical branching can be achieved in that the partially reflecting layers are each arranged in one plane, the planes interpenetrating one another within the prism arrangement.
  • the compact prism arrangement is expediently cube-shaped.
  • An optical branching which is particularly small in terms of installation space and has a sufficient number of beam passage areas can be achieved.
  • the partially reflecting layers are arranged perpendicular to one another.
  • An effective reflection and an orthogonal beam path can be achieved, which is particularly advantageous in a prism arrangement designed as a cube.
  • the partially reflecting layers are advantageously each designed as a dichroic filter, in particular as an interference layer system. It is possible to selectively separate and investigate frequency bands from the entire incident spectrum and, for example, each as a dielectric one
  • Interference layer system can be formed.
  • Such an interference layer system comprises up to 100 preferably between 10 and 25 evaporated dielectric layers made of alternately arranged different materials with different refractive indices.
  • At least one partially reflecting layer comprises a polarization filter.
  • Information about the polarization of the incident radiation in particular in addition to spectral information, can be evaluated.
  • Partially reflecting layer can be designed such that a part of the incident radiation which is polarized in a certain direction is reflected and the rest of the radiation is transmitted.
  • the partially reflecting layer can additionally comprise a spectral filter of a desired type. It is also possible that the polarization filter alone is the essential optical
  • the optical branching expediently comprises at least one partially reflecting layer with a polarization filter and at least one partially reflecting layer with a spectral filter. Spectral information and polarization information can be obtained simultaneously.
  • a selective filtering out of desired properties of the radiation can be achieved if one partially reflecting layer is transparent to radiation reflecting on the other partially reflecting layer.
  • the layers do not influence each other and allow the information obtained to be easily evaluated.
  • a particularly simple configuration of the optical branching which is small and inexpensive in terms of installation space, can be achieved if the prisms are four prisms assembled into a cuboid, each with a hypotenuse surface, two
  • the cuboid is especially a cube.
  • the catheter surface of the prism is coated with a first partially reflective layer and the second catheter surface of the prism is coated with a second partially reflective layer that is different from the first.
  • the radiation reflected by the partially reflecting layers only crosses an adhesive layer between the prisms, as a result of which a high intensity of the reflected radiation can be achieved.
  • a particularly cost-effective production of the prism arrangement can be achieved if one of the catheter surfaces of the prisms is coated with a partially reflective layer.
  • Radiation incident on the prism arrangement can be obtained if the prism arrangement comprises at least a third partially reflecting layer, which is angled to the first and second partially reflecting layers.
  • the third partially reflecting layer advantageously directs radiation incident in the third layer into a fourth beam passage area.
  • the third partially reflecting layer is expediently arranged in a plane which, within the prism arrangement, penetrates the planes of the first and second partially reflecting layer likewise arranged in one plane.
  • the third partially reflecting layer can convert part of the radiation incident into it into a third partially reflecting layer
  • the invention is not restricted to cuboid or cube-shaped prism arrangements, but can be implemented in any form that appears advantageous to the person skilled in the art.
  • the Platonic solids which are composed of the same polygons, represent particularly favorable shapes.
  • the prism arrangement can be designed as a pentagon dodecahedron with twelve beam passage areas each in the form of an equilateral pentagon.
  • One or more beam passage areas can be used as the beam entry area and one or more beam passage areas as the beam exit area.
  • Complex beam paths and information distributions can be realized in the most compact form.
  • a beam splitter cube whose entrance surface is perpendicular to the optical axis has the advantage that it only produces a rotationally symmetrical aberration, in particular a color error, which can be easily corrected by preceding or following lenses.
  • the beam splitter cube can therefore be used in the parallel, convergent or divergent beam path.
  • Beam splitter cubes also have the advantage over other beam splitting means that they take up little space in the device, since all beam incidence angles in the optical material of the beam splitter cube are reduced by the refractive index factor 1 / n.
  • the beam splitting means is preferably a dichroic beam splitter cube. Such a beam splitter cube has spectrally generating ones compared to others
  • Beam splitter means the advantage of simple manufacture and great mechanical resilience.
  • FIG. 1 shows an optical branch configured as a cube with four prisms and two partially reflecting layers
  • FIG. 2 shows an optical branch with another arrangement of two partially reflecting layers
  • FIG. 3 shows an optical branch with a further arrangement of two partially reflecting layers
  • FIG. 4 an optical branching with five prisms
  • FIG. 5 an arrangement as in FIG. 1 with a polarizing and a spectral partially reflecting layer
  • FIG. 6 an optical branching designed as a cube with four partially reflecting layers angled to one another
  • FIG. 7 a device for detecting an object scene with a cube-shaped beam splitter.
  • FIG. 1 shows an optical branch 2 with a compact prism arrangement comprising four prisms 4, 6, 8, 10.
  • the prisms 4, 6, 8, 10 are made of
  • the optical junction 2 as a beam splitter
  • the hypotenuse surface 18 serves as a beam entry surface
  • the hypotenuse surfaces 12, 14, 16 each serve as a beam exit surface.
  • the hypotenuse surfaces 12, 14, 16, 18 are each provided with an anti-reflection coating, not shown, in order to keep reflection losses as low as possible when radiation enters and exits the hypotenuse surface 18 or from the hypotenuse surfaces 12, 14, 16.
  • first partially reflecting layer 24 which is designed as a dichroic layer from a 15 ⁇ m thick interference layer system.
  • This first partially reflecting layer 24 continues on a catheter surface of the prism 8, so that the first partially reflecting layer 24 is arranged essentially completely on a cube diagonal of the optical branch 2.
  • a second partially reflecting layer 26, which is also a dichroic interference layer system, is applied to the second catheter surface 22 of the prism 10.
  • the second partially reflecting layer 26 is also continued on a catheter surface of the prism 4, so that the second partially reflecting layer 26 is also essentially completely on one
  • Cube diagonal surface of the optical branch 2 is arranged.
  • the partially reflecting layers 24, 26 are arranged between mutually facing catheter surfaces of the prisms 4, 6, 8, 10.
  • the two partially reflecting layers 24, 26 are oriented at an angle of 90 ° to one another, so that part of the radiation incident perpendicularly into the hypotenuse surface 18 is directed through the two partially reflecting layers 24, 26 in each case perpendicular to the hypotenuse surfaces 12 and 16, respectively.
  • the rest Radiation radiates essentially freely into the hypotenuse surface 14 of the prism 6.
  • the four prisms 4, 6, 8, 10 are each connected to the cube-shaped compact prism arrangement by a thin adhesive layer 28, the adhesive of the adhesive layer 28 being transmissive for infrared radiation. To prevent reflection losses, the refractive index of the adhesive is close to the refractive index of the material of the prisms 4, 6, 8, 10.
  • the partially reflecting layers 24, 26 and the adhesive layer 28 are shown much thicker for clarity than between them
  • Prisms 4, 6, 8, 10 are applied.
  • the adhesive layer 28 and the partially reflecting layers 24, 26 are tilted by 45 ° to the optical axis of the incident radiation from all hypotenuse surfaces 12, 14, 16, 18.
  • the first partially reflecting layer 24 thus optically connects the hypotenuse surface 18 to the hypotenuse surfaces 14, 16, and the second partially reflecting layer
  • the first partially reflecting layer 24 is manufactured in such a way that it reflects radiation in a frequency band between 1 ⁇ m and 1.5 ⁇ m and transmits infrared radiation in another frequency range essentially unimpeded.
  • the second partially reflecting layer 26 reflects a frequency band between 3.5 ⁇ m and 4 ⁇ m essentially completely and transmits other infrared radiation.
  • the remaining infrared radiation in the wave range ⁇ which is not within the two frequency bands ⁇ i and ⁇ 2 , becomes transmitted by both partially reflecting layers 24, 26 and leaves the optical branch 2 through the hypotenuse surface 14 of the prism 6. This residual spectral range is designated ⁇ R.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further optical branch 32 with four prisms 34, 36, 38, 40, which together form a compact cube-shaped prism arrangement.
  • the prisms 34, 36, 38, 40 are connected to one another with an adhesive layer 42 and provided with a partially reflecting layer 44, 46 from a dichroic interference system on only one of their cathetus surfaces. In this way, inexpensive production of the partially reflecting layers 44, 46 can be achieved.
  • the optical branch 32 corresponds to the optical branch 2.
  • FIG. 48, 50 in an optical branch 52 designed as a beam splitter cube is shown in FIG.
  • two prisms 54, 56 are uncoated on their catheter surfaces and two prisms 58, 60 each have a part of the partially reflecting layers 48, 50 on both catheter surfaces.
  • the optical branching 62 is designed as a trichroic beam splitter cube, which in this case, however, comprises four rectangular prisms 64, 66, 68, 70 and a rectangular prism 72.
  • the prisms 64, 66, 68, 70 are glued to their hypotenuse surface with a thin adhesive layer 74.
  • the beam passage areas of the optical branch 62 are each formed by cathetic areas of the prisms 64, 66, 68, 70.
  • a thin dichroic interference layer system is applied to the hypotenuse surfaces of the prisms 64, 66, 68, 70, the dichroic layer applied to the prisms 64, 68 forming a first partially reflecting layer 76 and the dichroic layer applied to the prisms 66, 70 forms a second partially reflective layer 78.
  • Both partially reflecting layers 76, 78 thus consist of two partial layers, each parallel to one another are aligned and are illuminated by radiation which passes through a beam passage area of the optical branch 62.
  • FIG. 5 shows an optical branching 82 designed as a beam splitter cube, which in FIG. 5.
  • the difference between the optical branch 82 and the optical branch 2 is that the first partially reflecting layer 84 is a polarization layer which reflects radiation oscillating perpendicular to the plane of the paper and radiation oscillating parallel to the plane of the paper transmitted.
  • a second partially reflecting layer 86 of the optical branching 2 is designed as a low-pass filter, which allows radiation between 5 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m to pass through and reflects radiation with a wavelength between 1 ⁇ m and 5 ⁇ m.
  • This radiation component passes through the optical branch 82 essentially unhindered and exits the optical branch 82 through the beam passage area 90.
  • the portion of radiation in the second frequency band ⁇ 2 which vibrates perpendicular to the paper plane is reflected by the first partially reflecting layer 84 and leaves the optical branching 82 through the beam passage area 92.
  • a portion which is oscillating in the paper plane in a first frequency band ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ m - 5 ⁇ m becomes only reflects and leaves the optical branching 82 through the second partially reflecting layer 86 by emerging vertically through a beam passage area 94.
  • the portion of radiation in the first frequency band ⁇ i which vibrates perpendicularly to the plane of the paper is reflected by both partially reflecting layers 84, 86 and leaves the optical branch 82 through the same beam passage area 88 in which it is radiated into the optical branch 82.
  • the prisms have four partially reflective layers
  • the first partially reflecting layer 98 and the second partially reflecting layer 100 are designed analogously to the partially reflecting layers 24, 26 of the optical branching 2 from FIG. 1.
  • the third and fourth partially reflecting layers 102, 104 are each parallel to two further cube diagonals arranged so that all four partially reflecting layers 98,
  • 100, 102, 104 are arranged at an angle of 45 ° to a beam entry surface 106 of the optical branch 96.
  • Four frequency bands ⁇ i, ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 , ⁇ are cut out from radiation of the spectral range ⁇ , which enters the optical branching 96 through the beam entry surface 106, through the partially reflecting layers 98, 100, 102, 104, and a residual spectral range ⁇ leaves the optical one Branch 96 is essentially unimpeded on the beam exit surface of the optical branch 96 opposite the beam entry surface 106. It is also possible to provide only three partially reflecting layers or only two partially reflecting layers which are not perpendicular to one another
  • Cube diagonals are arranged.
  • the optical branching 96 comprises two pyramid-shaped prisms, the square base surface of which forms the beam entry surface 106 or the invisible beam exit surface for radiation of the residual spectral range ⁇ R. Furthermore, the optical branch 96 comprises eight four-surface prisms and four six-surface prisms, so that the optical branch 96 consists of 14 prisms which are joined together by an adhesive layer 108 to form a compact prism arrangement.
  • FIG. 7 shows a device 112 for detecting an object scene, which comprises three optical detectors 114, 116, 118 and an optical system 120 which consists of two parts 122, 124.
  • the device 112 is arranged in a shell 126 of a missile.
  • the nose of the missile is from a hemispherical Cathedral or window 128 formed.
  • the device 112 has a rolling frame 130 which is rotatably mounted about a rolling axis 132.
  • the roll axis 132 coincides with the longitudinal axis of the missile.
  • a pitch frame 134 is pivotally mounted in the rolling frame 132 about a pitch axis 136.
  • the rolling frame 130 allows the pitch frame 134 to pivot about the pitch axis
  • a telescopic lens 138 is attached to the pitch frame 134 and can be pivoted into a hemisphere-sized solid angle.
  • a first deflecting prism 140 for deflecting the optical axis is also attached to the pitch frame 134
  • the hypotenuse surface of the deflection prism 140 forms an angle of 45 ° with the optical axis 142.
  • the entry catheter surface of the deflection prism 140 can be convex and the exit catheter surface of the deflection prism 140 can be concave, so that the deflection prism 140 is one
  • the optical system 120 are passively temperature compensated.
  • Two deflection prisms 146, 148 are held in the rolling frame 130, which deflect the optical axis 142 first parallel to the rolling axis 132, then parallel to the pitch axis 136 and then into the rolling axis 132.
  • the second deflection prism 144 sits on the
  • Pitch axis 136 Its hypotenuse surface is inclined by 45 ° to the pitch axis 136 and to the optical axis 142, once deflected.
  • the catheter surfaces of the deflection prism 144 can be configured analogously to the catheter surfaces of the deflection prism 140, so that an intermediate image is arranged between the second deflection prism 144 and the third deflection prism 146 and in an analogous manner between the third deflection prism 146 and the fourth deflection prism 148.
  • the hypotenuse surfaces of the deflection prisms 146, 148 are in turn inclined by 45 ° to the optical axis 142, so that the Imaging beam path from the telescope optics 138 is directed into an optical branch 150.
  • the radiation of the imaging beam path is divided into two frequency bands and a residual spectral range, as described for FIG. 1.
  • the radiation in a frequency band which is between 0.4 ⁇ m and 0.8 ⁇ m in visible light is fed to the detector 114, which is sensitive in this frequency band.
  • Radiation from the second frequency band, which is in the near infrared between 0.8 ⁇ m and 1.5 ⁇ m, is fed to the detector 118.
  • the detector 118 is sensitive in the near infrared between 1.5 ⁇ m and 1.6 ⁇ m, this second spectral path serving to receive active LADAR radiation, which in particular also provides the exact object distances.
  • the main path in transmission through the optical branching 150 is provided for the infrared spectral range between 2 and 5 ⁇ m, which also enables a passive detection of an object scene
  • the optical branch 150 is arranged in front of lenses of a detector objective 152 of the spectral path in transmission.
  • the two other spectral paths in reflection have their own detector objective 154, 156. It is also possible to arrange the optical branch 150 between or after detector objectives 152, 154, 156, whereby the number of lenses can be reduced, but a chromatic one for a wide overall spectrum Aberration is not easy to correct.
  • optical branching 150 configured as a beam splitter cube
  • other of the optical branching 32, 52, 62, 82, 96 described above can also be used in the device 112.
  • Other optical branches such as beam splitter plates or beam splitter membranes, are also possible.
  • the beam splitter plates should be tilted 45 ° to the optical axis 142 of the optical system 120.
  • the invention related to the device relates to any optical branching that splits a beam path in two or more directions or combines two or more incident beam paths into one outgoing beam path.
  • a beam splitter cube as an optical branch 150 has the advantage that it only produces a rotationally symmetrical aberration, in particular a color error, which can be easily corrected by modifying the preceding or following lenses.
  • a beam splitter cube can therefore be used in the parallel, convergent or divergent beam path.
  • a beam splitter cube also has the advantage over the beam splitter plate or a beam splitter membrane that it takes up much less space in the device 112, since all the beam incidence angles in the optical material are around the
  • Refractive index factor 1 / n can be reduced.
  • the optical branching 150 forms, together with the detector objectives 152, 154, 156, the structurally fixed part 124 of the optical system 120.
  • the structurally fixed part 124 is fixedly held in the shell 126 of the missile.
  • the part 122 of the optical system 120 is movably mounted relative to this structurally fixed part 124, a first part being fixedly connected to the rolling frame 130 and thus being one-dimensionally movable about the rolling axis 132 and a second part being fastened to the pitch frame 134 and being two-dimensionally movable , namely about the roll axis 132 and about the pitch axis 136.
  • the arrangement of the optical branching 150 in the structurally fixed optical part 124 has the advantage that a beam splitting takes place only in a structurally fixed manner, whereby space, material and thus costs can be saved.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif (112) servant à détecter une scène d'objets, comprenant un système optique (120) et au moins trois détecteurs (114, 116, 118), reliés optiquement audit système optique (120). Ledit dispositif se caractérise en ce qu'il présente une ramification optique (2, 32, 53, 62, 82, 96, 150) avec une configuration de prismes compacte, comprenant un nombre de prismes (4, 6, 8, 10, 34, 36, 38, 40, 54, 56, 58, 60, 64, 68, 70, 72), une première, une deuxième et une troisième surface extérieure de passage de faisceau (88, 90,92, 94) et une couche partiellement réfléchissante (24, 44, 48, 76, 84, 98), qui relie optiquement la première surface de passage de faisceau (88) à la deuxième et à la troisième surface de faisceau (90, 92, 94). La configuration de prismes comprend une seconde couche partiellement réfléchissante (26, 46, 50, 78, 86, 100, 102, 104), orientée en angle par rapport à la première couche partiellement réfléchissante (24, 44, 48, 76, 84, 98). Le système optique (120) comprend une première partie solidaire de la structure (124) et une partie mobile (122) qui peut pivoter autour d'au moins un axe (132, 136), par rapport à la première partie (124). La ramification optique (2, 32, 52, 62, 82, 96, 150) est disposée dans la partie solidaire de la structure (124) du système optique (120). L'invention permet de détecter un angle spatial important, avec un encombrement réduit.
PCT/EP2005/005115 2004-05-22 2005-05-12 Dispositif pour detecter une scene d'objets WO2005114987A1 (fr)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2466247A1 (fr) * 2010-12-15 2012-06-20 Diehl BGT Defence GmbH & Co.KG Procédé de commande d'un missile guidé et tête chercheuse pour un missile guidé
EP2533003A1 (fr) * 2011-06-11 2012-12-12 Diehl BGT Defence GmbH & Co.KG Dispositif optique destiné au guidage du rayonnement d'une scène sur un détecteur
EP2040462A3 (fr) * 2007-09-19 2012-12-26 Diehl BGT Defence GmbH & Co.KG Dispositif de détection d'une scène d'objets
CN110376669A (zh) * 2018-04-13 2019-10-25 甘肃智呈网络科技有限公司 一种立方分光棱镜
US11378810B2 (en) * 2018-03-20 2022-07-05 Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona Polygon x-prism for imaging and display applications
DE102021005406A1 (de) 2021-10-30 2023-05-04 Diehl Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Optische Vorrichtung zur Erfassung einer Objektszene und Suchkopf

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US2642487A (en) * 1947-02-28 1953-06-16 Rca Corp Component color separator
US3303278A (en) * 1964-05-13 1967-02-07 Tesla Np Television pick-up camera for three color pick-up of television images
US3333053A (en) * 1964-05-27 1967-07-25 Frank G Back Optical system for color television camera
US4051523A (en) * 1975-07-03 1977-09-27 Hydro Products, Inc. Submersible camera
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EP0359461A2 (fr) * 1988-09-12 1990-03-21 Seiko Epson Corporation Elément optique et système
FR2643158A1 (fr) * 1989-02-14 1990-08-17 Malifaud Pierre Dispositif pour la projection d'images en couleurs et/ou l'enregistrement d'images a partir d'objets colores, notamment dans les domaines de la video, du cinema, de la photographie, et procede de fabrication du dispositif
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US5245472A (en) * 1991-06-26 1993-09-14 Hughes Aircraft Company High-efficiency, low-glare X-prism
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US6157408A (en) * 1995-06-06 2000-12-05 Takeharu Etoh High-speed CCD image transfer apparatus
US5880889A (en) * 1997-02-26 1999-03-09 Raytheon Company Three color dichroic beamsplitter for separating or combining unpolarized light
WO2004066614A1 (fr) * 2003-01-21 2004-08-05 BODENSEEWERK GERäTETECHNIK GMBH Dispositif de detection d'une scene objet

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2040462A3 (fr) * 2007-09-19 2012-12-26 Diehl BGT Defence GmbH & Co.KG Dispositif de détection d'une scène d'objets
EP2466247A1 (fr) * 2010-12-15 2012-06-20 Diehl BGT Defence GmbH & Co.KG Procédé de commande d'un missile guidé et tête chercheuse pour un missile guidé
EP2533003A1 (fr) * 2011-06-11 2012-12-12 Diehl BGT Defence GmbH & Co.KG Dispositif optique destiné au guidage du rayonnement d'une scène sur un détecteur
US9207045B2 (en) 2011-06-11 2015-12-08 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Optical device for guiding radiation from an object scene to a detector using an optical link and method for guiding radiation from the object scene to the detector by an optical link
US11378810B2 (en) * 2018-03-20 2022-07-05 Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona Polygon x-prism for imaging and display applications
CN110376669A (zh) * 2018-04-13 2019-10-25 甘肃智呈网络科技有限公司 一种立方分光棱镜
DE102021005406A1 (de) 2021-10-30 2023-05-04 Diehl Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Optische Vorrichtung zur Erfassung einer Objektszene und Suchkopf
DE102021005406B4 (de) 2021-10-30 2023-06-22 Diehl Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Optische Vorrichtung zur Erfassung einer Objektszene und Suchkopf

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