WO2005110064A1

WO2005110064A1 - Roof for agricultural product protection and roof material

Info

Publication number: WO2005110064A1
Application number: PCT/JP2004/006723
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ohki Yamada
Original assignee: Nidaiki Co.,Ltd.
Priority date: 2004-05-19
Filing date: 2004-05-19
Publication date: 2005-11-24

Abstract

In the garden farming or hedge growing of plants, even when agricultural products such as fruits are grown at heights relatively near the soil surface, the agricultural products such as fruits can be protected from mold and pathogenic bacteria through avoiding of dwelling of hot air heated by sunlight, ascending gas, etc. and through preventing of rainwater ingression. There is provided a roof for protecting an agricultural product, such as grape or other fruit, from rainwater, etc. in the garden farming or hedge growing of plants in which an agricultural product, such as grape or other fruit, is grown while guiding leaf-bearing branches to an upper position and guiding fruit-bearing branches to a lower position, characterized in that the roof is disposed in the middle of the upper position and the lower position and that the roof comprises a film or sheet shaped roof material having waterproof and air permeable properties. There is further provided a roof material for use in the roof.

Description

Specification

Roofs and roofing materials for agricultural products

Technical field

The present invention relates to a roof for protecting agricultural products provided for protecting agricultural products such as plants or fruits from rainwater and a roofing material used for the roof.

Background art

[0002] In general, among open-field cultivation of plants, cultivation methods and tailoring methods for fruits such as grapes, pears, apples, and the like include shelf cultivation, fence cultivation, fence tailoring, stick tailoring, cordon tailoring, oakman tailoring, manson tailoring. And so on. Conventionally, in Japan, shelf cultivation was generally used. On the other hand, in grape producing regions, mainly in Europe and the United States, grapes are generally fenced. In the first place, shelf cultivation in Japan was conceived in the early Edo period, and it is said that cultivation became popular with this opportunity. In the Meiji era, fence cultivation was introduced and considered, but then shelf cultivation became the mainstream. The main reason is the wet and humid weather conditions in Japan. Grapes prefer to dry, so the branches grow too much in heavy rain, and during long rains, gray mold, downy mildew, rot (bump disease, wilt disease) and the like are liable to occur. There was a problem that the yield would be extremely reduced if the force was applied.

[0003] However, from the viewpoint of light labor and labor saving, working in a posture in which the arm is extended on the shelf for a long time causes local fatigue that places a burden on the shoulders and arms. In addition, the height to the bottom of the shelf varies depending on the height of the worker, and there are large individual differences in the difficulty of the work. Furthermore, in terms of quality, since all fruit clusters are under the shelves, sunlight rays may be blocked, causing problems such as poor coloring and cracking. Therefore, in recent years, from the viewpoint of labor saving and light labor, and from the viewpoint of cultivating fruits excellent in coloring and sweetness by irradiating sunlight with V and V in terms of quality, for example, power Vernet Sauvignon (Cabernet Hedge cultivation has been incorporated into the cultivation of high-grade wine-growing grapes such as Sauvignon) and fresh-edible grapes, and there is an increasing demand for development to improve cultivation methods.

[0004] As a remedy for the problem of the fence cultivation, a "rain cut method" can be mentioned. This method was first developed in the cultivation of brewing grapes, but has also been used in some raw grapes. Yes. In this method, the grape result branch is attracted to the lower stage, the leaf branch is attracted to the upper stage, a kamaboko-shaped wire is laid over the leaf branch, and the film is also covered with a force (Fig. 5, non-patent). Reference 1). However, in the rain cut method described above, there is a forceful distance between the rain protection film that covers the upper leaf branch and the lower grape, completely preventing rain from hitting the grape. Is difficult to do. Therefore, in order to eliminate this drawback, a roof is provided in the middle of the upper branch and leaves and the lower grape, and the grape is covered with the film.The effect of preventing the grape from raining is improved. Light hits the ground and enhances its reflection, causing gas, water vapor, and hot air to rise, making it easier to stay inside the roofing film. As a result, in the grapes, the above-mentioned mold and fungi proliferate due to the hot air and the rising gas, and further, a new problem occurs that the grapes are heated by contact with the roof material.

Non-patent document 1: "Find a fence-type cultivated European grape cultivar Cabernet.

URL: http: / ノ www.wine.or.jp/Enjoy/Scenery/tonibira.swf>

Disclosure of the invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

[0005] The present invention relates to a method for producing hot air, rising gas, or the like, which is heated by sunlight inside a roof material even when a roof is provided in the vicinity of agricultural products such as grapes or the like in open-field cultivation or fence cultivation of plants. In order to prevent grapes and other fruits and other agricultural products from being damaged. Even when growing, it is a roof for protecting agricultural products that protects agricultural products such as fruits by preventing hot air and rising gas heated by sunlight from staying inside the roofing material, preventing rainwater from entering, and protecting fruits and other agricultural products. And to provide the roofing material used for this roof.

Means for solving the problem

[0006] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention relates to open-field cultivation or fence cultivation of a plant that attracts foliage at the top and attracts resulting branches at the bottom to grow agricultural products such as grapes and other fruits. A roof for protecting agricultural products such as grapes and other fruits from rainwater, And a transparent, translucent or partially transparent film- or sheet-like roofing material that is provided in the middle part of the lower and lower tiers and has waterproof and breathable properties. (Claim 1).

Further, in the present invention, "having waterproofness and breathability" means "when a roof for protecting agricultural products is used in a substantially normal state, at least power that can transmit air does not transmit." However, even if water enters under special conditions other than those described above, for example, under pressure, it does not mean that the roof or the roofing material for protecting agricultural products according to the reason is excluded from the present invention.

[0007] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides the roofing material, wherein the roofing material is made of a waterproof and breathable plastic film or sheet having a large number of micropores on the entire surface thereof. Preferably, the agricultural product protection roof is characterized in that the opening on the upper surface (upper side) is narrower, the opening on the lower surface (lower side) is wide, and the through-hole force is tapered. Claim 2).

[0008] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a roofing material in which a waterproof and breathable plastic film or sheet having a large number of micropores on the entire surface is formed in a bag shape. Preferably, the above-mentioned roof for protecting agricultural products is characterized by the following (claim 3).

[0009] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, in the present invention, it is preferable that the roofing material is a roofing material used for the agricultural product protection roof according to any of the above (claim 4). The invention's effect

[0010] The roof for protecting agricultural products of the present invention, having the above-described configuration, has an effect of preventing rainfall on agricultural products such as fruits, and discharges gas and hot air remaining inside the roof to the outside, thereby providing the outside. It has the advantages of taking in fresh air to prevent heat burning of agricultural products such as plants and fruits, as well as preventing the growth of fungal pathogens to improve quality and reduce defective products. In addition, there is an advantage that the generation of fungal pathogens can be suppressed by preventing water vapor remaining inside the roof from being condensed on the inside of the roofing material by discharging the pores with a fine pore force. Further, there is an advantage that birds flying in the air can be prevented from harming birds which come down from above aiming at agricultural products such as fruits and hurt fruit and the like. Also, the roof Even when installed at a relatively low level of lm—0.7m from above, the inside of the roof is always kept dry because it efficiently dissipates hot and moisture from soil and plants to the outside. It is particularly suitable for growing grapes that do not like water and moisture. In addition, since it is possible to work from the waist to the chest of a human, workability is improved, work efficiency is improved, and economical and versatile effects are achieved.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0011] In the open field cultivation or fence cultivation of plants, radiant heat, gas, water vapor, hot air, etc. generated from the soil, the plants, and the agricultural products themselves caused by covering the plants with the roof of a normal plastic film are increased. This has minimized damage to agricultural products such as plants and fruits due to stagnation inside the film, which is a roofing material, and has realized an agricultural product protection roof that has an effect of preventing rain on these fruits and agricultural products. .

Example

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Thus, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a state in which the agricultural product protection roof according to the example is used for fence cultivation. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes an agricultural product protection roof. In addition, 2 is a framework and 3 is a roofing material. FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view illustrating a roofing material having tapered fine holes used in the present example and a manufacturing process thereof. FIG. 3 is an explanatory view exemplifying a state in which the roofing material according to the example is covered on the frame in a bag shape. In this embodiment, the case of growing grapes will be described as an example.However, the present invention is not limited to the case of growing grapes, and unless it is contrary to the gist of the present invention, pears, apples, persimmons, etc. It is applicable to the cultivation of all fruits, vegetables such as tomatoes and eggplants, and other plants.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, the agricultural product protection roof 1 of the embodiment substantially covers fruits such as grapes with a skeleton 2 and a plastic film or sheet as a roofing material 3 installed on the skeleton 2. It is configured like an eaves. Skeleton 2 is passed along a plurality of trees P planted side by side in a ridge shape to an intermediate position between the upper and lower tailings of each tree (for example, the ground E force is also about 70 cm-height of about 100 cm) The frame fixing beam 21 and the frame 22 extending at a constant gradient on the frame fixing beam 21 at appropriate intervals are provided. And a wire member 23 for connecting the distal ends of the frame 22 to each other. In this embodiment, grape fruits F hang below the agricultural product protection roof 1, and foliage L extends above the agricultural product protection roof 1. Grape fruit F is also suitable for growing plants, because the work of the human back is also at the position of the chest, and the leaves and leaves L are immediately exposed to rainwater. The material of the skeleton 2 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include wood, metal, and plastic. Further, the shape of the frame 2 can be freely set, such as the eaves shape of the present embodiment, a force-boiled shape or a box shape.

[0014] The material of the plastic film or sheet constituting the roofing material 3 is not particularly limited. For example, a polypropylene (PP) film, a biaxially oriented polypropylene (OPP) film, a polyethylene (PE) film, General-purpose polystyrene (GP-PS) film, meta-impact polystyrene (HI-PS) film, biaxially stretched polystyrene (OPS) film, polyester (PET) film, polycarbonate (PC) film, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film Ilm, polychlorinated vinyl (PVC) film, ionomer film, cellulosic plastic film, thermoplastic elastomer film, etc. It can be selected according to the usage conditions. Further, in addition to the single film, a co-extruded film or a multilayer film laminated with a dry lamination or a sandwich lamination with an adhesive resin layer may be used.

[0015] Further, a film or a sheet mainly composed of starch dextrin or other biodegradable resin, which is decomposed by microorganisms, may be used, and an ultraviolet absorbent absorbing a specific ultraviolet ray, for example, silver or At least one selected from an antibacterial agent or a bactericide consisting of metal powders such as copper, a ceramic powder that generates far-infrared rays, a granite powder or a carbon powder (for example, charcoal, etc.), and a deodorant or an aromatic. Various functions as described above can be achieved by adding or applying one kind. The material may be transparent, translucent (cloudy), or partially transparent. Partially transparent is preferably a light shielding part, for example, a transparent or translucent film printed with black ink or the like, or a film in which a thin nonwoven fabric with a large gap is bonded to one side (inside) of the film. In order to improve the colorability of agricultural products such as fruits, for example, coloring similar to the color of the agricultural products such as fruits may be performed. Furthermore, in the case of agricultural products such as fruits that do not like sunlight, infrared rays, ultraviolet rays, etc. It is preferable to print or knead a reflective material such as gold, silver, or aluminum on a film or sheet, and to vapor-deposit the metal. It goes without saying that a roofing material having the above-mentioned function and a roof for protecting agricultural products provided with these roofing materials are also included in the present invention! / ヽ.

[0016] If the pore size of the micropores is 20 µm, preferably 70 µm or more, gas permeability can be ensured, but if it exceeds 1 mm, water permeability may be generated. The pore size is in the range of 20 μm to lmm, preferably 70 μm to 400 μm, particularly preferably 90 μm to 200 μm! In this example, as shown in FIG. 2, a transparent OPP film having a thickness of 100 μm (or a two-layer film of 50 μm) may be used. The OPP film is characterized in that a large number of tapered or wrapped fine holes are provided on the entire surface of the OPP film, the through holes having an opening force of 200 m on one surface and an opening force of 75 m on the other surface. . In addition, a convex portion 31 having a height of O / z m—100 m is formed at the periphery of the wider opening of the tapered fine hole.

[0017] The surface on which the convex portion 31 is formed, that is, the wide opening surface of the micropores faces the agricultural product such as fruit (downward), and the narrow opening surface faces outward (upward). As a result, as shown in FIG. 4, when the film surface of the roofing material 3 comes into contact with the fruit F, the air flow from the fine hole 35 passes through the gap between the convex portion 31 and the contact portion of the fruit F. G becomes easier to pass, and has the effect of suppressing stickiness of the film and improving workability. In addition, the gap between the convex portion 31 of the film surface and the contact portion of fruits or the like suppresses the so-called water-conducting power caused by the capillary phenomenon in which water droplets such as rainwater enter inside through the fine holes, thereby reducing the water impermeability of the film. To improve. Further, the fine holes are formed in a tapered shape or a trumpet shape, and by arranging the narrow opening toward the outside, it becomes difficult for rainwater to enter, and the tapered fine holes 35 are formed. Since the wide opening faces inward, it becomes easier for the stagnant gas and hot air inside the roof to collect around the micropores and to radiate to the outside.

[0018] As a method for producing an effective film, for example, a polyolefin-based plastic film 33 is embossed with a driving roll or a projection provided with a heating needle 34 heated above the melting point of the film (about 200 ° C), or an artificial roll. The diamond powder is sandwiched between a roll attached to the surface and a backup roll (set at a predetermined gap), and many fine holes are melt-punched while synchronizing at the line speed. In the case of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. The above-described thermal needles 33 to protrusions are formed in a tapered shape with a thick root and a thin tip, and can form a tapered fine hole 35 having an opening part that is wide and the other part is narrow. At the time of this melt perforation, a convex portion 31 due to the accumulation of molten resin is formed on the periphery of the fine hole that also has a large opening force on one surface of the film. In the present embodiment, as described above, the surface on which the convex portion 31 is formed is installed so as to be inside (below) the roof material.

[0019] In addition to the above-described method using a thermal needle or the like, a perforation method includes a method of flying fine ore from one surface of a plastic film toward another surface at a high speed, a method of perforating with a laser beam, and a number of methods. A method in which a film is continuously stretched along the surface of a cylindrical roll having a through hole, the film is heated and sucked from the inside, and the film portion sucked along the inner surface of the cylindrical roll is cut and pierced. A method in which a heating gas or the like is ejected from the inside of a through-hole provided in the cylindrical roll to pierce the film, and a film is continuously formed along a surface of a cylindrical roll having a large number of depressions. Is heated by a gas burner flame or the like, and the film in contact with the dent portion is perforated by internal stress and contracted.Therefore, the perforated film of the present invention can be manufactured by any perforation method. It is intended to encompass Ficoll Lum or sheet is, not subject to any limitation by the drilling process.

To fix the roofing material 3 to the frame 2, although not particularly limited, for example, as shown in FIG. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 3, two films may be overlapped and heat-sealed on one side in the longitudinal direction, covered with the frame of the framework 2, and fixed on both sides in a bag shape. Further, a single effective film having the fine holes may be bent at a central portion. Since such a roofing material contains air in the gap between the superimposed films, it has a great heat insulating effect, suppresses a rapid temperature change, and has a great effect of preventing bird damage.

Industrial applicability

[0021] In order to solve the problem of the film or sheet in the “rain cut method” of fence cultivation, it can be applied in place of a normal plastic film or sheet, and can be installed at a position relatively close to the ground in fence cultivation. However, since the stagnation of hot air and gas due to the reflection from the ground can be suppressed and applied without any problem, the industrial applicability is extremely large. Brief Description of Drawings

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a state in which a roof for protecting agricultural products according to an example is used for fence cultivation.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view illustrating a roofing material (b) having tapered micropores and a manufacturing process (a) thereof used in Examples.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a state in which a heat-sealed roofing material according to an example is put on a frame in a bag shape.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a state of a contact surface between a roof for protecting agricultural products and fruits according to an example.

FIG. 5 is a partial photographic view (from Non-Patent Document 1) showing a roof of a comparative example.

Explanation of symbols

[0023] 1: Agricultural product protection roof, 2: Frame, 21: Frame fixing beam, 22: Frame, 23: Wire member, 3: Roofing material, 31: Convex part, 32: Heat seal, 33: Plastic film, 34: hot needle, 35: tapered micropore, P: tree, E: ground, F: grape fruit, L: branches and leaves, G: air flow

Claims

The scope of the claims

[1] A roof that protects grape and other fruits and other agricultural products from rainwater, etc. in open-field cultivation or fence cultivation of plants that attract leaves and leaves to the upper row and result branches to the lower row to grow grapes and other fruits And a film or sheet-like roofing material that is provided at an intermediate portion between the upper and lower tiers and is made of transparent, translucent, or partially transparent and has waterproofness and air permeability. Agricultural protection roof.

[2] The roofing material is made of a waterproof and breathable plastic film or sheet having a large number of fine holes on the entire surface, and the fine holes have a narrow opening on the upper surface (upper side) and a lower surface ( 2. The agricultural product protection roof according to claim 1, wherein the opening (lower side) is wide and is formed of a tapered through hole.

3. The agricultural product according to claim 1, wherein the roofing material is formed by covering a frame with a waterproof and breathable plastic film or sheet having a large number of micropores on the entire surface of the frame in a bag shape. Protective roof.

[4] A roof material used for the agricultural product protection roof according to any one of claims 13 to 13.