WO2005108588A1 - Nuevos clones virales recombinantes basados en vih y su utilización en métodos analíticos - Google Patents
Nuevos clones virales recombinantes basados en vih y su utilización en métodos analíticos Download PDFInfo
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- C12N2740/16011—Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV
- C12N2740/16041—Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector
- C12N2740/16043—Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector viral genome or elements thereof as genetic vector
Definitions
- HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- the proviral load which reflects the "pool" of lymphocytes infected with HIV, does not diminish by antiretroviral treatment or does so very slowly.
- the suspension of antiretroviral medication causes a rapid rebound of the load viral at baseline levels, even in patients who were in apparently complete virological suppression ( ⁇ 5 copies of RNA / ml) for two years (Garc ⁇ a et al., 1999). All these data suggest that the prospect of AIDS eradication with currently available drugs seems unlikely (Ho. 1998, Wein et al., 1998, Zhang et al 1999, Furtado et al., 1999, Pomerantz. 1999).
- Phenotypic resistance determinations are not routinely performed in patients with HIV infection who have virological failure due to their extreme laboriousness and high cost. These phenotypic resistance tests are usually carried out by a method selected from one of the following two groups of systems: a.
- Classical systems They comprise, in a first step, the isolation of HIV from cultures of lymphocytes of the patient and, in a second step, the infection of target cells in the presence of the different antiretrovirals to determine the inhibitory concentration of the drugs (IC50 ) on a concrete isolate.
- viral replicative capacity or “fitness” (Ruiz Jarabo et al., 2002, Domingo et al., 2001).
- the viral fit is a final result of multiple characteristics of the virus in the process of adaptation to its host.
- a diminished viral fit is associated with the clinical evolution of the disease (Tersmette et al 1995; Learmont et al. 1995).
- Cremette et al., 1995, Pantaleo et al., 1995, Michael et al., 1995 it is extremely difficult to isolate their viruses in culture due to their low replicative capacity (Cao et al., 1995, Pantaleo et al., 1995, Michael et al., 1995).
- Viral fitness determination systems are based on competition studies in culture between a wild virus and a virus that has different mutations (Yuste et al., 1999, Iglesias et al., 2002). These methods require prolonged cultivation so they are extremely laborious, expensive and difficult to standardize.
- neutralizing In contrast to antibodies that block the entry of the virus into the target cell by different mechanisms have efficacy in the control of the infection.
- This type of antibody is called “neutralizing” and the importance of its role in HIV infection has been shown by different works in recent years (Burton DR, 2002, Moore J and Burton DR., 1999).
- the measurement of neutralizing antibodies is important in a series of clinical situations, since their presence has been shown to be associated with good prognosis of the infection (Cao et al., 1995, Lathey et al., 1997; Pilgrim et al., 1997, Lomis-Price and cois., 1998).
- the greatest application of neutralizing antibody detection will occur in the coming years in the evaluation of new vaccines against HIV.
- viral tropism or HIV's ability to enter the cell through different receptors
- CCR5 and CXCR4 Two major HIV receptors, called CCR5 and CXCR4 (Loetscher et al., 2000) makes the different viral variants are classified into three categories: R5, X4 and R5X4 depending on their ability to enter the cell by one of the two receptors exclusively or both receptors (Berger et al., 1998).
- the measurement of viral tropism is not usually performed as a diagnostic test but represents a very useful parameter in certain areas of research.
- the molecule and its derivatives must be characterized in terms of its toxicity and antiviral activity in a series of models that must be robotizable to allow a high efficiency screening, since they must be tested in the order of thousands of compounds.
- HIV coreceptors role of structure, posttranslational modifications, and internalization in viral-cell fusion and as targets for entry inhibitors. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2003; 1614: 51-61. Zhang I, Ramratnam B, Tenner-Racz K. And cois. Residual quantifying HIV-1 replication in patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy. N.Eng. J.Med.1999; 340: 1605-13.
- the present invention refers to the generation of new HIV-based recombinant viral clones and their use in analytical methods.
- the definition is the same, but substituting HIV for HIV-1.
- the recombinant viral clones of the present invention are the clones resulting from a series of genetic manipulations performed on said fragment : of DNA including deletion of viral genes, insertion of marker genes, introduction of mutations and replacement of genes or gene fragments of the original clone by those of other clones or viral populations.
- deletion of fragments of HIV, such as the Nef gene so as to maintain the infective capacity of the generated recombinant viral clones, insertion, in the proviral DNA of the renilla marker gene, a gene not expressed in human cells.
- the gene to function as a marker of the infection, that is, a cell that expresses renilla indicates that it has been infected, - insertion of the LacZ gene that codes for the enzyme Beta-galactosidase substituting different sequences of the gene a for, on the one hand , to recognize the frequency of generation of recombinant viruses and, on the other, to avoid the dragging of wild viruses; introduction by directed mutagenesis of restriction sites that allow to easily "extract" certain DNA fragments from the matrix provirus (such as, for example, the Reverse Transcriptase, the Protease, the complete Pol gene, gag, nef, or the envelope of the virus) , to replace them with genes from isolates from patients to be assessed.
- the matrix provirus such as, for example, the Reverse Transcriptase, the Protease, the complete Pol gene, gag, nef, or the envelope of the virus
- the system of marking with renilla has multiple advantages compared to the marking systems currently used more commonly, being especially noteworthy that: the detection of renilla is a technique that has a high sensitivity can be performed automatically and is even robotable is a cheap assay detection after infection with a virus renilla carrier as a marker is very fast (24 hours) compared to conventional viral replication detection systems that require between 5 days and a week of culture.
- the HIV-based recombinant viral clones of the present invention are characterized in that they possess the general structure represented in Figure 8, which comprises in the 5 'to 3' direction the following elements:
- - gag is the gene that codes for the p55 protein of the capsid formed by 3 protein subunits (MA, CA and NC);
- - pol is the gene that encodes the viral enzymes necessary for the viral replication process: protease (PRO), reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase, and flap at its 5 'end with the element gag;
- - vif is the gene that encodes the Vif protein associated with the infectivity of the extracellular virions, and laps at its 5 'end with the pol element and at its 3' end with the vpr element;
- - vpr is the gene that encodes the Vpr protein that acts as an accelerator of the replication cycle at different levels, and overlaps its 5 'end with the vif element;
- - tat is the gene that encodes the Tat protein that is a transactivator, and its second exon is contained in the env sequence
- - vpu is the gene that codes for Vpu involved in the release of virions
- - env is the gene encoding the gpl60 protein of the viral envelope
- - rev is the gene that encodes the Rev protein, responsible for the processing and transport to the cytoplasm of the messenger RNA, and its second exon is contained in the env sequence
- - nef is the gene that encodes the Nef protein that negatively regulates CD4 and HLA molecules of the infected cell and plays a role in the pathogenicity of the virus, and is truncated in the bases in position 8,796 and 8,887 in the viral genome
- - Notl is a target for the Notl restriction enzyme that has been introduced by site-directed mutagenesis at the 9,796 position of the viral genome;
- - Xhol is a restriction target for the Xhol enzyme, located at position 8887 of the viral genome; - Renilla is the gene that codes for Renilla luciferase reporter protein and that has been cloned in the Notl-Xhol restriction sites at positions 5 'and 3', respectively; and - LTR, which at its 5 'end overlaps the 3' end of the nef element.
- Figure 8 To obtain the viral clones of the invention represented by the general structure ( Figure 8), we start from the proviral vector NL .3 [Adachi A. Gendelman HE, Koenig S, Folks, T, Willey R, Rabson A, Martin MA.
- IP HIV NL Neo Ren vector of the beta-galactosidase gene at the position of the RT IP HIV NL LacZ / rt Ren
- Protease IP HIV NL LacZ / pr Ren
- IP HIV NL LacZ / pol Ren IP HIV NL LacZ / pol Ren
- IP HIV NL LacZ / pr Ren plasmid From the IP HIV NL LacZ / pr Ren plasmid, destruction of the NarI restriction site external to the provirus by site-directed mutagenesis and introduction of the KspI restriction site at position 4498 by site-directed mutagenesis (IP HIV NL LacZ / gag-pr Ren).
- IP HIV NL LacZ / gag-pr Ren g.
- h) Deletion of the envelope in the IP HIV NL Xbal Ren plasmid by cutting with the restriction enzymes Xbal and Notl and cloning in place of the lacZ gene (IP HIV NL LacZ / env Ren). i).
- IP HIV NL Ren (CECT 5842) It is a recombinant viral clone based on the general structure described above, characterized in that it has unique restriction sites for the Apal and Agel enzymes introduced in positions 2006 and 3485, respectively, as shown in Figure 9.
- IP HIV NL LacZ / pol Ren (CECT 5847) It is a recombinant viral clone based on the general structure described above, characterized in that it has the cloned LacZ gene in the Apal-Agel restriction sites at positions 5 'and 3' respectively, substituting the fragment of the polque gene codifies for protease and retrotranscriptase, as shown in figure 10.
- IP HIV NL LacZ / pr Ren (CECT 5846) It is a recombinant viral clone based on the general structure described above, characterized in that it possesses a unique restriction site for the Ncol enzyme introduced by site-directed mutagenesis at position 2593 of the DNA sequence, and the LacZ gene cloned into the Apal -Ncol restriction sites at 5 'and 3' positions, respectively, substituting the pol gene fragment encoding the protease, as depicted in Figure 11.
- IP HIV NL LacZ / rt Ren (CECT 5845) Recombinant viral clone based on the general structure described above, characterized in that it has a target for the restriction enzyme Ncol that has been introduced by site-directed mutagenesis at position 2593 of the DNA sequence, and the LacZ gene cloned into the Ncol-Agel restriction sites at 5 'and 3' positions respectively, substituting the pol gene fragment encoding the retrotranscriptase ( Figure 12).
- IP HIV NL LacZ / gag-pr Ren (CECT 5848) Recombinant viral clone based on the general structure described above, characterized in that possesses unique restriction sites, introduced by site-directed mutagenesis, for the enzymes NarI and KspI, the latter introduced by site-directed mutagenesis, at positions 637 and 4,498, respectively, of the DNA sequence, respectively, and the LacZ gene cloned into the sites of restriction Apal -Ncol in positions 5 'and 3' respectively, substituting the fragment of the pol gene coding for the protease. ( Figure 13).
- IP HIV NL LacZ / env Ren (CECT 5844) Recombinant viral clone based on the general structure described above, characterized in that it possesses a unique restriction site for the Xbal enzyme introduced by site-directed mutagenesis at position 6.112 of the DNA sequence, so which allows cloning of the envelope gene of the patient's virus, and also has the cloned LacZ gene at the Xbal-Notl restriction sites at positions 5 'and 3' respectively substituting the env gene. ( Figure 14).
- IP HIV JRRen (CECT 5843) Recombinant viral clone based on the general structure described above, characterized in that it possesses a unique restriction site for the Xbal enzyme introduced by site-directed mutagenesis at position 6.112 of the DNA sequence, and the gene "env JR -CSF ", which corresponds to the env gene of the JR-CSF clone, replacing the original env gene.
- This clone is represented in figure 15.
- the recombinant viral clones of the present invention have been shown to be very useful in. the development or improvement of analytical methods and techniques related to AIDS research. In fact, in the concrete techniques that were described in the section on State of the Art, said clones have supposed important advantages, some of which are detailed below:
- Systems for determining phenotypic resistance to antiretroviral drugs The proposed invention is based on the cloning system of the gene fragments of the reverse transcriptase, the envelope and the HIV Protease in viral vectors carrying marker genes.
- This invention presents a series of advantages with respect to those already existing, namely: a) The possibility of separately analyzing the resistance to inhibitors of the Protease, the Reverse Transcriptase and the envelope. This allows the independent evaluation of resistance to different pharmacological groups. b) The use of multiple cycle viral systems. c) Greater efficacy in the evaluation of viral isolates with low replicative capacity.
- the proposed invention allows to determine this parameter and directly analyze the viral replicative capacity in cellular targets very close to the physiological ones such as peripheral blood lymphocytes. Cloning of the envelope genes and different fragments of the patient's gag-pol DNA in viruses carrying multiple cycle marker genes
- the present invention allows to overcome the two main disadvantages of the classical techniques of determination of neutralizing capacity in the serum of seropositive patients since it allows to directly analyze the viral replication and its inhibition by the antibodies of the patient. This can be done either on isolates or viral reference clones, or on a recombinant virus in which the envelope of the viral clone has been replaced by the complete envelope of the viral population of the patient. This type of test, named by the applicant
- “Autologous neutralizing antibody detection test” has a high sensitivity and allows an accurate evaluation of the neutralizing capacity of the patient's serum against the viruses that, at the time of the test, are replicating in your body.
- Systems for the characterization of viral tropism in HIV infection The proposed invention allows to determine this parameter by means of two tools: the generation of recombinant viruses that carry the complete envelope of the viral population of the patient and the use of a target cell that expresses Stably both receivers (SSPA-B7).
- Experimental models for the screening of compounds with potential antiviral activity The proposed invention allows the detection of antiviral activity in a microplate format easily robotizable in a model that covers the entire viral replicative cycle by using multiple cycle vectors.
- the present invention also relates to the use of the viral clones described above in analytical methods for the determination of phenotypic resistance to antiretroviral drugs for the treatment of HIV infection.
- a specific embodiment of the invention refers to the use of said viral clones in analytical methods for the determination of the replicative capacity of recombinant viruses carrying gag, pol and / or env sequences from patients with HIV infection.
- the present invention relates to the use of said recombinant viral clones in analytical methods for the characterization of viral tropism in HIV infection.
- the present invention relates to the use of said recombinant viral clones in analytical methods for the detection of neutralizing antibodies against HIV in the serum of HIV-positive patients and uninfected subjects, whether or not subjected to vaccination.
- the present invention relates to the use of said recombinant viral clones in analytical methods for the study of the screening and characterization of the antiviral activity of compounds against HIV.
- Figures la and Ib Illustrative diagrams corresponding to the production of the viral clones of the present invention, according to the process described in the preferred embodiment 1.
- Figure 2a and 2b Graphic representations corresponding to the results of the tests exposed in section 2.1 of Modes of Realization of the Invention.
- Figure 3 Graphic representation corresponding to the studies of determination of replicative capacity exposed in section 2.2. of Modes of Realization of the Invention.
- Figure 4 Expression of CCR5 and CXR4 by the clone SSPA-B7, according to sections 2.3 and 2.4 of Modes of Realization of the Invention.
- Figure 5 Cytopathic effect induced in the clone SSPA-B7 by the isolates NL4.3 (X4) and Bal (R5), according to sections 2.3 and 2.4 of the embodiments of the invention.
- Figure 6 Analysis of the neutralizing capacity of the NL-Luc virus of the plasma of a patient under the conditions of section 2.4 (D) of Modes of Carrying Out the Invention.
- Figure 7 Results of the analysis of the antiviral activity of two compounds studied according to section 2.5 (C) of Modes of Carrying Out the Invention.
- Figure 8 General structure of the recombinant viral clones of the present invention, where: LTR (long terminal repeats) are the regions with redundant sequence (R) that plays a key role during the retrotranscription process; gag is the gene that codes for the p55 protein of the capsid formed by 3 protein subunits (MA, CA and NC); pol is the gene that encodes the viral enzymes necessary for the viral replication process: protease (PRO), reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase; vif encodes the Vif protein associated with the infectivity of the extracellular virions; vpr encodes the Vpr protein that acts as an accelerator of the replication cycle at different levels; tat encodes the Tat protein that is a transactivator; vpu encodes for Vpu involved in the release of the virions; env is the gene that encodes the gplSO protein of the viral envelope; rev produces the protein Rev, responsible for the processing and transport to the cytoplasm of messenger RNA; nef encodes
- Figure 10 Recombinant viral HIV HIV NL LacZ / pol Ren clone, deposited in the Spanish Collection of Cultures Type as CECT 5847, where LacZ - indicates the cloning position of the LacZ gene by substituting a fragment of the pol gene, and the remaining symbols have the meaning mentioned above.
- Figure 11 Recombinant viral HIV PI NL LacZ / pr Ren clone, deposited before the Spanish Collection of Cultures Type as CECT 5846, where Ncol indicates a unique restriction site of the DNA sequence, and the remaining symbols have the meaning given above.
- Figure 12 Recombinant Viral HIV HIV NL LacZ / rt Ren clone, deposited with the Spanish Type Culture Collection as CECT 5845, where the different symbols have the same meaning indicated above.
- Figure 13 Recombinant viral HIV PI NL LacZ / gag-pr Ren clone, deposited before the Spanish Collection of Cultures Type as CECT 5848, where NarI and KspI indicate unique restriction sites in the DNA sequence and the remaining symbols have the meaning dice previously .
- Figure 14 Recombinant Viral HIV HIV NL LacZ / env Ren clone, deposited with the Spanish Type Culture Collection as CECT 5844, where Xbal indicates a unique restriction site in the DNA sequence, "patient send” indicates the position of cloning of the patient's gene, and the other symbols have the meaning given above.
- Figure 15 HIV HIV recombinant viral clone JRRen, deposited with the Spanish Type Culture Collection as CECT 5843, where Xbal indicates a unique restriction site in the DNA sequence, "in JR-CSF” it indicates the cloning position of the env gene. of the clone JR-CSF instead of the envelope of NL4.3, and the remaining symbols have the meaning given above.
- the ability of viruses to complete a replication cycle is quantified by measuring the luciferase activity in the target cells.
- the activity of protease inhibitors is measured by adding the former to the transfected cells while the activity against reverse transcriptase inhibitors and entry is measured by adding the drugs to the infected cells.
- the process comprises the following operations: From 0.5 ml of the patient's plasma, extraction of the HIV RNA is carried out. Viral RNA is retrotranscribed and subsequently amplified using specific primers of each viral gene through the polymerase chain reaction.
- the primers include specific restriction sites for the subsequent cloning in the reference virus of the pol gene or its fragments or of the env gene in the different viral clones according to the type of recombinant virus that it is desired to generate.
- an in vitro ligation process is performed using T4 ligase.
- the population of the generated recombinant provirus is transfected in the 293-T cell line and acts as a recombinant virus producing cell.
- the infectious progeny of recombinant viruses are picked up 48 hours after transfection and used to infect the SSPA-B7 cell line.
- the last two processes are carried out in the presence of protease inhibitors (treating the 293 -T production cells), reverse transcriptase inhibitors (treating target cells SSPA-B7) or inhibitors. of the viral entry (treating target cells SSPA-B7).
- the level of sensitivity of the different drugs is defined by the 50% inhibitory concentration of viral replication (IC50) compared to a reference virus without associated resistance mutations. The reading of the sensitivity to the different drugs is done by quantifying the renilla activity by means of a Berthold Orion Microplate luminometer.
- This clone has been genetically modified in the laboratory producing multiple cycle viral clones that express the Renilla indicator gene instead of nef and in which different restriction targets have been introduced to be able to clone the complete pol gene, the Reverse Transcriptase or Protease fragments separately, the gag-protease and gag-pol regions or the complete env gene.
- the obtained recombinant viral clones allow to clone the complete pol gene of the patient, the reverse transcriptase and the protease separately and the gag region together with the protease or the complete pol gene. They also allow the cloning of the complete env gene of the patient. All are multi-cycle viruses and very useful when they exist multiple resistance mutations in the RT and the
- FIG. 2a represents the phenotypic profile of sensitivity of the viral HIV PI NL Ren clone against the following drugs: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors 3TC (A), AZT / ZDV (B), d4T (C), ddl (D ); non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; Efavirenz (E); Protease inhibitors: Saquinavir (F).
- a Possibility of analyzing separately the resistance to protease inhibitors and the reverse transcriptase. This allows the independent evaluation of resistance to different pharmacological groups.
- b. Greater efficacy in the evaluation of viral isolates with low replicative capacity.
- c. It allows the follow-up of certain patients in therapeutic failure.
- d With respect to the system patented by Virologic (US Pat. No.
- the system of recombinant viral clones of the present invention has significant differences, which impact on the important advantages cited above, namely: Virologic clones the luciferase gene in the envelope and the applicant in Nef. . Virologic uses enzymes similar but not identical to those used here.
- the system of the present invention has modified the NL4.3 skeleton by mutagenesis.
- multiple cycle vectors and cloning separated from the RT and Protease and the evaluation of the gag-Protease and gag-pol fragments can be used, aspects that the Virologic system does not allow.
- 2.2.- DETERMINATION SYSTEM OF ⁇ replicative capacity Figure 3 shows a histogram showing the improvement in the recovery of a virus with multiple resistance mutations in the Protease and the
- the viral clones subjected to evaluation have been the following: IP HIV NL LacZ / pol Ren, IP HIV NL LacZ / pr Ren, IP HIV NL LacZ / rt Ren, and IP HIV NL LacZ / gag-pr Ren,
- IP HIV NL LacZ / gag-pr Ren IP HIV NL LacZ / gag-pr Ren
- the system directly measures antiviral activity, not like the MTT test that measures protection against cytopathic effect, an indirect measure of viral replication.
- c It has the possibility of cloning the reverse transcriptase or the protease separately, which allows defining in which protein the loss of replicative capacity lies.
- d It has the possibility of cloning together the gag-pro gene which allows defining the role of cleavage sites in the polyprotein of the viral core by the HIV protease in the improvement of viral replicative capacity. and.
- the use of viral systems in which replication can be detected with a limited number of cycles allows that, when there is a viral escape, the neutralization curves in multiple cycles of the virus do not equal.
- the proposed invention is based on the cloning system of gene fragments of the envelope in viral vectors carrying marker genes. A cell that expresses the two is required at the same time Major co-receptors of the CCR5 and CXCR4 viruses.
- A General description of the technique. The extraction of HIV RNA is performed from 0.5 ml of the patient's plasma. Viral RNA is retrotranscribed and subsequently amplified using primers through the polymerase chain reaction. The primers include specific restriction sites for subsequent cloning in the reference virus and include the entire envelope of the virus.
- the corresponding viral clones are the following: IP HIV NL Ren, IP HIV JRRen and IP HIV NL LacZ / env Ren. (C) Cells. It has been generated by engineering techniques genetics a cell clone of SSPA-B7 that expresses the CCR5 receptor ( Figure 4) and that is susceptible to infection by virus R5, X4 or R5X4. The infection by these three variants is productive and induces cytopathic effect ( Figure 5).
- the most remarkable advantages of this system compared to other existing systems currently, are the following: a. The possibility of cloning the complete HIV envelope.
- Virus It is based on the proviral vector NL4.3 (Adachi et al.
- Virus 20 activity against antiviral HIV of chemical compounds and derivatives of natural products using viruses carrying marker genes.
- B Virus. It is based on the proviral vector NL4.3 (Adachi et al., 1986). These clones have been genetically modified in the laboratory producing multiple-cycle viral clones with the envelope of HIV. Limiting the infection to a single replication cycle (18h) can detect an activity
- the system is very sensitive when using renilla activity.
- the system directly measures antiviral activity, not like the MTT test that measures protection against cytopathic effect, an indirect measure of viral replication.
- the system is robotizable and applicable to massive screening.
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AT05748636T ATE530658T1 (de) | 2004-05-10 | 2005-05-10 | Neue rekombinante virusklone auf hiv-basis und verwendung davon in analyseverfahren |
US11/596,259 US20080113335A1 (en) | 2004-05-10 | 2005-05-10 | Novel Hiv-Based Recombinant Viral Clones and Use Thereof in Analytical Methods |
EP05748636A EP1752541B1 (en) | 2004-05-10 | 2005-05-10 | Novel hiv-based recombinant viral clones and use thereof in analytical methods |
CA2566423A CA2566423C (en) | 2004-05-10 | 2005-05-10 | Novel hiv-based recombinant viral clones and use thereof in analytical methods |
US13/015,842 US20110212434A1 (en) | 2004-05-10 | 2011-01-28 | Novel hiv-based recombinant viral clones and use thereof in analytical methods |
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ES200401116A ES2244332B1 (es) | 2004-05-10 | 2004-05-10 | Nuevos clones virales recombinantes basados en vih y su utilizacion en metodos analiticos. |
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ES2354785B2 (es) * | 2008-09-30 | 2011-10-13 | Universidade De Santiago De Compostela | Método de evaluación de resistencia de fenotipos de vih-1 a antirretrovirales. |
ES2355027B2 (es) * | 2008-09-30 | 2011-10-13 | Universidade De Santiago De Compostela | Plásmidos que incluyen la secuencia del vih-1 y sus usos. |
EP2508202A1 (en) | 2011-04-07 | 2012-10-10 | Fundació Clinic Per A La Recerca Biomédica | Non-replicative virions of human immunodeficiency virus and therapeutic applications thereof |
EP2703482A1 (en) * | 2012-09-04 | 2014-03-05 | Laboratorios Del. Dr. Esteve, S.A. | VSV-HIV viral particles lacking reverse transcriptase functionality and therapeutic applications thereof |
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2004
- 2004-05-10 ES ES200401116A patent/ES2244332B1/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2005
- 2005-05-10 EP EP05748636A patent/EP1752541B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-05-10 ES ES05748636T patent/ES2375652T3/es active Active
- 2005-05-10 US US11/596,259 patent/US20080113335A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-05-10 CA CA2566423A patent/CA2566423C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-05-10 WO PCT/ES2005/000250 patent/WO2005108588A1/es active Application Filing
- 2005-05-10 AT AT05748636T patent/ATE530658T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-05-10 TW TW094115120A patent/TW200606256A/zh unknown
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US5837464A (en) | 1996-01-29 | 1998-11-17 | Virologic, Inc. | Compositions and methods for determining anti-viral drug susceptibility and resistance and anti-viral drug screening |
WO2001079542A2 (en) * | 2000-04-14 | 2001-10-25 | Glaxo Group Limited | Hiv detection assay and reagents therefor |
US20030013078A1 (en) | 2000-06-09 | 2003-01-16 | Wade Blair | HIV-1 reporter viruses and their use in assaying anti-viral compounds |
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WO2007065926A1 (en) * | 2005-12-07 | 2007-06-14 | Tibotec Pharmaceuticals Ltd. | Methods, plasmid vectors and primers for assessing hiv viral fitness |
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ATE530658T1 (de) | 2011-11-15 |
ES2375652T3 (es) | 2012-03-05 |
EP1752541A1 (en) | 2007-02-14 |
US20080113335A1 (en) | 2008-05-15 |
ES2244332A1 (es) | 2005-12-01 |
CA2566423A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
EP1752541B1 (en) | 2011-10-26 |
ES2244332B1 (es) | 2007-02-16 |
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