WO2005106460A1 - Essai par differentiel de volume a l'aide de gel hydrophile - Google Patents

Essai par differentiel de volume a l'aide de gel hydrophile Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005106460A1
WO2005106460A1 PCT/US2005/014598 US2005014598W WO2005106460A1 WO 2005106460 A1 WO2005106460 A1 WO 2005106460A1 US 2005014598 W US2005014598 W US 2005014598W WO 2005106460 A1 WO2005106460 A1 WO 2005106460A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gelling agent
fluid stream
sample
water
group
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2005/014598
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Scott N. Bentley
Original Assignee
Phase Dynamics, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US11/106,357 external-priority patent/US7354768B1/en
Priority claimed from US11/106,356 external-priority patent/US7407625B1/en
Application filed by Phase Dynamics, Inc. filed Critical Phase Dynamics, Inc.
Publication of WO2005106460A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005106460A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/56—Labware specially adapted for transferring fluids
    • B01L3/563—Joints or fittings ; Separable fluid transfer means to transfer fluids between at least two containers, e.g. connectors
    • B01L3/5635—Joints or fittings ; Separable fluid transfer means to transfer fluids between at least two containers, e.g. connectors connecting two containers face to face, e.g. comprising a filter
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
    • G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
    • G01N33/2835—Specific substances contained in the oils or fuels
    • G01N33/2847—Water in oils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/06—Auxiliary integrated devices, integrated components
    • B01L2300/0681—Filter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
    • B01L2300/0832—Geometry, shape and general structure cylindrical, tube shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
    • B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
    • B01L2400/0475—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific mechanical means and fluid pressure
    • B01L2400/0478—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific mechanical means and fluid pressure pistons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5021—Test tubes specially adapted for centrifugation purposes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
    • G01N19/10—Measuring moisture content, e.g. by measuring change in length of hygroscopic filament; Hygrometers

Definitions

  • the present inventions relate generally to a laboratory or portable measurement method and system, and more particularly, to a method and system for the point of sale measurement of the water and sediment content in a petroleum sample.
  • Karl Fischer Titration Method In 1935, German scientist, Karl Fischer, developed a titrimetric determination of water content using a reagent that contained iodine, sulphur dioxide, anhydrous pyridine, and anhydrous methanol. This method can be subdivided into two main techniques: volumetric titration and coulometric titration.
  • the volumetric technique involves dissolving the sample in a suitable solvent and adding measured quantities of a reagent containing iodine until an end point is reached. This end point is determined potentiometrically using a platinum electrode. When all of the water has reacted, the platinum measuring indicator electrode will electronically instruct the burette to stop dispensing. The volume of KF reagent dispensed is recorded.
  • the electrode system consists of an anode and cathode platinum electrodes that conduct electricity through the cell. Iodine is generated at the anode and reacts with any water present.
  • Karl Fischer titration is one of the most widely used techniques for measuring the water content in a large range of samples. However, it has limits that affect its usefulness. For example, it utilizes hazardous reagents that require the operator to exercise care in the storing, handling, and disposing of reagents that degrade with time. With the techniques, a total sample size of 0.5 ml.
  • VLE vapor-liquid phase equilibrium
  • Nonideal mixtures ( ⁇ , ⁇ 1) can exhibit either positive (y,- > 1) or negative deviations (y,- ⁇ 1) from
  • azeotropes Two main types of azeotropes exist, i.e. the homogeneous azeotrope, where a single liquid phase is in the equilibrium with a vapor phase; and the heterogeneous azeotropes, where the overall liquid composition, which forms two liquid phases, is identical to the vapor composition.
  • Most methods of distilling azeotropes and low relative volatility mixtures rely on the addition of specially chosen chemicals to facilitate the separation.
  • the drawbacks to this method include, for example, the fact that it utilizes hazardous solvents and produces hazardous vapors. This method also takes 2 to 3 hours to complete, and as with most distillation techniques, the accuracy and precision of the results will depend upon the skill of the technician performing the distillation. This method also does not provide any information with regard to the amount of sedimentation in the sample. (Please see Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards., Chapter 10.2 - Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oil Distillation for the complete protocol, which is hereby incorporated by reference.)
  • Superabsorbent polymers are materials that have the ability to absorb and retain large volumes of water and aqueous solutions. This makes them ideal for use in water absorbing applications such as baby nappies, absorbent medical dressings, and controlled release mediums.
  • Early superabsorbents were made from chemically modified starch and cellulose and other polymers like poly(vinyl alcohol) PNA, poly(ethylene oxide) PEO, all of which are hydrophilic and have a high affinity for water. When lightly cross-linked, chemically or physically, these polymers became water-swellable but not water-soluble.
  • Today's superabsorbent polymers are made from partially neutralized, lightly cross- linked poly(acrylic acid), which has been proven to give the best performance versus cost ratio.
  • the polymers are manufactured at low solids levels for both quality and economic reasons, and are dried and milled in to granular white solids. In water, they swell to a rubbery gel that in some cases can be up to 99% water by weight.
  • the driving forces behind a superabsorbent polymer's water absorbency are osmotic pressure and hydrogen bonding.
  • the difference in the sodium ion concentration between the inside of the polymer and the solution in which it is immersed causes the water to flow in rapidly, trying to balance the number of ions inside and outside the polymer.
  • the polymer chains are lined with carboxyl groups (-COOH) with about 50 to 70% of these in the sodium salt form.
  • the carboxyl groups In contact with water, the carboxyl groups dissociate into negatively charged carboxylate ions (-COO-). These form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. In addition, these carboxylate sites repel each other. This repulsion widens the polymer network, thus allowing more water to be absorbed.
  • the crosslinked polymer molecules can only stretch so far. Therefore, the amount of water absorbed is in part determined by the balance between widening of the polymer network as hydrogen bonds form and "elastic pressure" of the crosslinked molecules.
  • the electrolyte concentration in the water being absorbed greatly affects the amount of fluid that can be absorbed by the polymer.
  • the ions of the electrolyte act as "contaminator" ions and become positioned along the polymer chain at the carboxylate sites.
  • the electrolyte ions partially neutralize these sites and limit the potential sites for hydrogen bond formation between P C " I "' ' U S 5 , .14*5 ⁇ r» i S the polymer and water molecules.
  • the presence of these ions decreases the unbalance that "drives" osmotic pressure.
  • a typical superabsorbent polymer may absorb about 400 times its own mass of distilled water while absorbing almost 300 times its mass of tap water. The same polymer may absorb only 30 to 40 times its mass of 1% sodium chloride solution.
  • the present inventions describe systems and methods for the determination of the water and sediment content in a petroleum sample.
  • the present innovations include, in one embodiment, collecting a sample to be tested in a field bottle. The sample from the field bottle is then transferred from the field bottle, and into and through a measurement column containing a high-uptake gelling agent, such as a superabsorbent polymer. The sample's moisture can be determined by measuring the expanded volume of the high-uptake gelling agent inside the measurement column.
  • the measurement column also contains a sediment measurement section having a sediment filter and a sight glass with graduations to measure the sediment content of the sample.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present inventions using a tube system and hydrophilic membrane.
  • FIG. 2 shows a plunger assembly used with a tube system to filter out the gel from the fluid sample.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a preferred embodiment of the present inventions.
  • FIG. 4 shows a field bottle and a receiver bottle.
  • FIG. 5 shows a general layout of a sample embodiment of a basic gravity type system.
  • FIGs. 6A-6C show a general layout of sample embodiments that utilize a valve system.
  • FIG. 7 depicts another general layout of the sediment measurement section.
  • FIG. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the present inventions using a tube system and hydrophilic membrane.
  • tube 101 is prepared with an adequate amount of high-uptake gelling agent 103.
  • Tube 101 can be any type of graduated tube, such as a test tube or a centrifuge tube.
  • a hydrophilic membrane 105 is placed on top of gelling agent 103.
  • Hydrophilic membrane 105 can be comprised of any material that can absorb and transfer moisture from an area having a relatively higher moisture concentration to an area having a relatively lower moisture concentration.
  • An oil sample 107 is obtained and poured into tube 101. Tube 101 is then capped and shaken. This allows the water content in oil sample 107 to be adsorbed by membrane 105 and then absorbed by gelling agent 103.
  • gelling agent 103 absorbs water from oil sample 107
  • gelling agent 103 expands, moving membrane 105 up tube 101.
  • the total volume of the expanded gel is then measured, using membrane 105 as a marker, to determine the amount of water absorbed from oil sample 107.
  • membrane 105 any substance that allows the top of the expanded gelling agent to be more discernible can be used.
  • cobalt chloride which is an anhydrous salt that changes from a blue color to a pink color in the presence of moisture
  • Florescent dyes such as flourescene, may also be used as a marker.
  • FIG. 2 shows a plunger assembly used with a tube system to filter out the absorbent gel from a fluid sample.
  • a plunger assembly 201 is used to filter out the absorbent gel 203 from the fluid sample 205 and compress it to the bottom of a tube 207.
  • Plunger assembly 201 is shown with a plunger cup 209.
  • Plunger cup 209 is fitted to seal against the inner wall of tube P U ' ⁇ " , ' •" II S O 5 ,/ ' :L 4 h* :fc !i B 207.
  • Plunger cup 209 utilizes a mesh 211 with a mesh size small enough to prevent absorbent gel from passing through with the rest of fluid sample 205.
  • the present innovations involve obtaining a sample of 5 petroleum for moisture and sediment determination in a field bottle, and placing the sample- filled field bottle in an apparatus that allows the sample to flow from the field bottle and into a measurement column containing a high-uptake gelling agent.
  • the sample then flows through the measurement column and into a receiving bottle.
  • the sample's moisture is determined by measuring the expanded volume of the high-uptake gelling agent inside the measurement 0 column.
  • the measurement column also contains a sediment measurement section having a sediment filter and a sight glass with graduations to measure the sediment content of the sample.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a preferred embodiment of the present inventions.
  • a fluid sample is collected in a field bottle (step 301).
  • An adequate amount of a field bottle is provided in a field bottle (step 301).
  • 5 high-uptake gelling agent is placed into a measurement column (step 303).
  • the amount of gelling agent used is an amount such that the gelling agent does not become saturated by the amount of moisture absorbed from the sample.
  • the sample is then transferred from the field bottle and into and through the measurement column (step 305).
  • the fluid sample is displaced from the measurement column and into a receiving bottle (step 307).
  • .0 expanded gelling agent inside the measurement column is then determined (step 309).
  • the total volume of the expanded gelling agent is then correlated to the amount of moisture absorbed from the sample (step 311).
  • a sediment measurement section having a sediment filter and a sight glass with graduations can be used to measure the sediment content of the sample (step 313).
  • the sediment measurement section is placed before the gelling agent section such that the
  • '5 sediment can be measured separately from the water content.
  • Some gelling agents such as polyacrylic acid, expand in a 1:1 ratio with the amount of moisture absorbed. Therefore, the amount of moisture absorbed can be determined directly by measuring the total volume of the expanded gelling agent.
  • polyacrylic acid and other gelling agents having a 1 : 1 expansion ratio with the volume of moisture absorbed is a preferred r C ' T , • ' " 1,1 £i !!:: ⁇ . « ⁇ ' " L 45 *3- B embodiment, any gelling agent with a known ratio of total expanded volume to volume of moisture absorbed can be used.
  • any inert solid, such as glass beads, that will aid in adding occlusions may be added to the gelling agent to make the gelling agent more permeable by forming occlusion areas. This would allow the fluid sample to pass through the gelling agent more readily by preventing the gelling agent from occluding the passage of the sample fluid.
  • any substance that allows the top of the expanded gelling agent to be more discernible also can be used with this embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 shows a sample embodiment of a field bottle 401 and a receiver bottle 403.
  • Both bottles can be standard plastic centrifuge tubes such as Cole-Palmer A-06334-40 and A-17410- 20 with lids.
  • field bottle 401 is a 250 ml. container used by field personnel to pull a sample from a crude oil pipeline.
  • Receiver bottle 403 is a 10 ml. tube or insulated container used to collect the sample once it has passed through the measurement column.
  • FIG. 5 shows a general layout of a sample embodiment of a basic gravity type system.
  • a fluid sample 503 is transferred from field bottle 401 to measurement column 501.
  • Measurement column 501 is fitted with a sediment measurement section 505 and a moisture measurement section 507.
  • Sediment measurement section 505 comprises a filter 509 that retains sediments while allowing the rest of fluid sample 503 to flow into moisture measurement section 507.
  • Sediment measurement section 505 also comprises a sight glass tube 511 with graduations to measure the sediment content of fluid sample 503.
  • Moisture measurement section 507 comprises an adequate amount of gelling agent 513 along with a filter 515 to retain gelling agent 513 while allowing fluid sample 503 to flow through moisture measurement section 507 and into receiver bottle 403.
  • Gelling agent 513 also contains a marker, such as an anhydrous salt, a florescent dye, a membrane, or other marker that allows the top of the expanded gelling agent to be more discernible.
  • Moisture measurement section 507 P C ' " I " , ' •" ,1 13 B . ,1 -54- also comprises a sight glass tube 517 with graduations to measure the volume of expanded gelling agent 513.
  • Measurement column 501 is replaceable to avoid contamination of the next sample, as well as minimizes disposal.
  • any inert solid, such as glass beads, that will aid in adding occlusions may be added to the gelling agent to make the gelling agent more permeable by forming occlusion areas.
  • Another embodiment of the present innovations can be implemented by adding a gelling agent directly to the fluid sample and thoroughly mixing the combination prior to centrifuge.
  • the standard centrifuge method for determining the water content of crude oil is to dilute the sample with an equal amount of water saturated toluene as a solvent. The sample is then heated and centrifuged. Problems associated with the standard centrifuge method include the use of solvents, handling of the sample, and reading the meniscus on the graduated centrifuge tube. The oil also will be held up by the crude because of the surface tension surrounding the water droplet.
  • the present inventions provide a solution to many of these problems by adding a gelling agent to the crude oil and thoroughly shaking the mixture before centrifuge. Using a gelling agent would eliminate the need for the solvent and heat except for high viscosity (almost solid) samples. The gelling agent will collect and gel the water thereby allowing the water to be removed and separated from the crude oil during centrifuge. This would potentially eliminate the need for hazardous solvents and remove all of the water from the crude oil thereby improving the measurement.
  • FIG. 6A shows a general layout of a sample embodiment that utilizes a valve system to allow air to enter the field bottle.
  • Naive 601 is opened to displace fluid sample 503 from field bottle 401 by allowing air to enter field bottle 401.
  • gravity is used to pull fluid sample 503 through measurement column 501.
  • valve 603 is used to release air from the top of receiver bottle 403.
  • valve 603 is connected to a vacuum source 605 that can be used to pull fluid sample 503 through measurement column 501 and into flask 607 via ports 609 and 611.
  • FIG. 6C shows an embodiment that uses pressure to remove fluid sample 503 to waste.
  • valve 603 delivers air pressure to the top of receiver bottle 403 via air pump 613 and port 615.
  • Naive 617 is opened to allow fluid sample 503 to be blown directly into the main disposal tank 619 via port 621.
  • measurement column 501 is replaceable to avoid contamination of the next sample, as well as minimizes disposal.
  • FIG. 7 depicts another general layout of sediment measurement section 505.
  • a cylindrical, magnetic-coupled stirrer 701 is placed inside sight glass tube 511.
  • Stirrer 701 forms a rotor to rotate the sample. This helps to prevent sediments from clogging filter 509.
  • Magnetic coils 703 are pulsed in sequence to rotate the magnetic poles in the stirrer.
  • Stirrer 701 can be, for example, a fired or pressed magnetic powder.
  • a very important advantage of the disclosed innovations is that they provide a measurement technique that is suitable for field use.
  • Another important advantage of the disclosed innovations is that they provide a measurement technique that is suitable for use by relatively untrained personnel. With sample conditions and additives standardized as described herein, a sampling technician can use the measurement unit without a thorough understanding of its operation because the measurements are so easily accomplished.
  • bottles and absorbents as described above are used for field assay at the point where a tanker is being loaded or unloaded. This very simple assay-at-lading technique provides simple verification of crude oil assay, and hence reduced commercial disputes.
  • standardized bottles as described above can be used for field sampling (e.g. at sample collection tap valves at dockside).
  • a field auditor might fill a dozen labeled field bottles at various points in a pumping facility, and then return to the analyzer in his truck to obtain moisture and sediment analysis for each.
  • a system for measuring the fraction of water in a fluid stream comprising nonaqueous components comprising: an apparatus which places a portion of the fluid stream into a measurement column and in contact with a premeasured amount of a high-uptake gelling agent within the measurement column, such that the gelling agent expands in correlation to the water content of the fluid stream; wherein the percentage of water in the fluid stream is determined by the volume of the expanded gelling agent.
  • a field- testing system for analysis of moisture and sediment content in non-aqueous samples comprising: a field bottle for collecting a sample to be analyzed; a measurement column containing a high-uptake gelling agent which expands in correlation to the water content of the sample; and an apparatus which transfers the sample from the field bottle and into the measurement column, contacts the sample with the gelling agent within the measurement column, and collects the sample that passes through the measurement column into a receiver IP C '" ! " .-- ⁇ '" 1.1 S 015 / ' :L 4- lEi !
  • a system for measuring the fraction of water in a fluid stream comprising nonaqueous components comprising: at least one centrifuge tube with a fixed volume of the fluid stream and an adequate amount of a high-uptake gelling agent; wherein the centrifuge tube is centrifuged and the percentage of water in the fluid stream is determined by the volume of the expanded gelling agent.
  • high-uptake gelling agent is used to describe any material or substance that is able to absorb at least 30 times its own mass of water.
  • One advantage of the present invention includes a decrease in error for determining, for example, the water and sediment content of a crude oil sample. Human operators can damage equipment, ruin calibration or settings, and influence the apparatus in other ways when handling sensitive testing equipment in the field.
  • S::i , .14-E.I- 4f s apparatus reduce human actions that must be taken in order to obtain an estimate of the water and sediment content in a sample.
  • a field test kit of the present innovations requires no trained technician for operation, and can be safely and effectively used by unskilled operators.
  • the present invention allows testing of, for example, crude oil as it is in transport or exchanging possession, ownership, crossing political or legal boundaries, containers, etc. For example, crude oil unloaded from a ship to a new political boundary often requires an assessment of the actual amount of oil, which in turn requires an assessment of the amount of water in the offloaded fluid.
  • the innovations of the present application provide an easy and effective means of providing the necessary information.
  • the measurement column may be sealed for convenient disposal of hazardous solvents.
  • the measurement column can be prefilled with the high-uptake gelling agent and then foiled-sealed. Foil-sealing the prefilled measurement column 5 protects the high-uptake gelling agent from moisture contamination before the sample is introduced.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur des systèmes et des procédés de mesure de la teneur en eau d'échantillons de pétrole. Dans une exécution, l'échantillon à tester est recueilli dans une gourde (301), puis on le transfert dans une colonne de mesure contenant un agent gélifiant (305) à fort taux d'expansion tel qu'un polymère superabsorbant. On mesure alors la teneur en eau de l'échantillon en mesurant le volume d'expansion de l'agent gélifiant (309, 311). La colonne de mesure comporte également une section de mesure des sédiments munie d'un filtre à sédiments et d'une jauge visuelle graduée permettant de mesurer la teneur en sédiments de l'échantillon (313).
PCT/US2005/014598 2004-04-28 2005-04-27 Essai par differentiel de volume a l'aide de gel hydrophile WO2005106460A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US56598104P 2004-04-28 2004-04-28
US60/565,981 2004-04-28
US11/106,357 US7354768B1 (en) 2004-04-28 2005-04-14 Volume-differential assay using hydrophilic gel
US11/106,357 2005-04-14
US11/106,356 2005-04-14
US11/106,356 US7407625B1 (en) 2004-04-28 2005-04-14 Volume-differential water assay system using hydrophilic gel

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103837497A (zh) * 2014-03-14 2014-06-04 大连海事大学 一种润滑油中水分含量的检测装置及其检测方法
WO2016197123A3 (fr) * 2015-06-05 2017-01-26 Douglas Scientific, LLC Dispositifs de traitement d'échantillons et procédés pour les utiliser
CN113769813A (zh) * 2021-05-19 2021-12-10 奚愉康 一种生殖科用检验试管架
EP4212845A4 (fr) * 2020-09-11 2024-02-21 FUJIFILM Corporation Dispositif de concentration, procédé de concentration d'échantillon liquide, procédé d'inspection d'échantillon liquide, et kit d'inspection
EP4212876A4 (fr) * 2020-09-11 2024-02-28 FUJIFILM Corporation Procédé de concentration d'échantillon liquide et procédé d'inspection d'échantillon liquide

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US2110237A (en) * 1936-03-06 1938-03-08 Swift & Co Sediment tester
US2760368A (en) * 1952-10-21 1956-08-28 Gen Electric Apparatus for measuring the content of water and similar compounds in insulating liquids
US3528775A (en) * 1967-01-25 1970-09-15 Mobil Oil Corp Method and apparatus for testing petroleum products for water content
US3976572A (en) * 1974-01-04 1976-08-24 Michael Ebert Aircraft fuel contaminant tester
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US5308771A (en) * 1992-04-13 1994-05-03 Geo-Centers, Inc. Chemical sensors
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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103837497A (zh) * 2014-03-14 2014-06-04 大连海事大学 一种润滑油中水分含量的检测装置及其检测方法
CN103837497B (zh) * 2014-03-14 2015-12-30 大连海事大学 一种润滑油中水分含量的检测装置及其检测方法
WO2016197123A3 (fr) * 2015-06-05 2017-01-26 Douglas Scientific, LLC Dispositifs de traitement d'échantillons et procédés pour les utiliser
CN109070073A (zh) * 2015-06-05 2018-12-21 道格拉斯科学有限责任公司 样品处理装置及其使用方法
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EP4212845A4 (fr) * 2020-09-11 2024-02-21 FUJIFILM Corporation Dispositif de concentration, procédé de concentration d'échantillon liquide, procédé d'inspection d'échantillon liquide, et kit d'inspection
EP4212876A4 (fr) * 2020-09-11 2024-02-28 FUJIFILM Corporation Procédé de concentration d'échantillon liquide et procédé d'inspection d'échantillon liquide
CN113769813A (zh) * 2021-05-19 2021-12-10 奚愉康 一种生殖科用检验试管架

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