WO2005098995A2 - Galvanisches element - Google Patents
Galvanisches element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005098995A2 WO2005098995A2 PCT/EP2005/003517 EP2005003517W WO2005098995A2 WO 2005098995 A2 WO2005098995 A2 WO 2005098995A2 EP 2005003517 W EP2005003517 W EP 2005003517W WO 2005098995 A2 WO2005098995 A2 WO 2005098995A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- separator
- metallic layer
- galvanic element
- anode
- cathode
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/417—Polyolefins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/426—Fluorocarbon polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/44—Fibrous material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/457—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the invention relates to a galvanic element with an anode, a cathode, an intermediate separator and an electrolyte.
- the electrical connection of the arrester electrodes to the electrochemically active masses decisively determines the functionality of the cell. Decontacting of a purely mechanical nature or decontacting caused by the electrochemical structure of passivation layers are among the most common reasons for cell failure. The thickness or volume and weight of the conductor material also have a significant effect on the energy density of the galvanic element.
- US Pat. No. 6,143,444 A1 describes methods for pasting the active compositions directly onto perforated foils or expanded metals made of aluminum or copper.
- US Pat. No. 5,631,104 A1 discloses conductor foils made of aluminum or copper, which are coated with the active materials.
- the active lithium intercalating materials are introduced into housing components of the button cell made of stainless steel in accordance with this publication.
- expanded metals are used as conductor materials in the production of rechargeable lithium polymer cells, copper on the negative side and aluminum on the positive side.
- the production of the expanded metals from foils is complex, since often one
- a galvanic element with at least one lithium intercalating electrode can be seen, the electrochemically active material of which is applied to a foil-shaped metallic conductor.
- the carrier material is selected from Al, Cu, V, Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni, Co or alloys of these metals or from a corrosion-resistant stainless steel.
- the lithium cells described in more detail there have the schematic structure: positive electrode / Al expanded metal / positive electrode, separator, negative electrode / Cu foil / negative electrode, positive electrode / Al expanded metal / positive electrode.
- manufacturing technology it is easier to pour and laminate onto a film. Manufacturing costs, such as punching processes and waste in the case of expanded metal, are eliminated, so that the costs for conductor materials are considerably reduced.
- the arrester foils used are usually about 10 thick and therefore have a negative effect on the energy density of the cell.
- the invention is based, to increase the energy density and to simplify the production of galvanic elements of the type mentioned. This object is achieved by a galvanic element with the features of claim 1.
- Advantageous refinements of the invention are specified in the subclaims.
- the separator is coated on at least one side with a thin porous metallic layer.
- the metallic layer consists in particular of Al, Cu, Ag, V, Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni, Co or alloys of these metals or of a corrosion-resistant stainless steel.
- the layer thickness of the metal on the separator is in the range from 10 nm to 1,000 nm, preferably between 20 nm and 500 nm.
- At least one of the electrodes is preferably a lithium-intercalating electrode, the metallic layer on the separator on the anode side made of Cu and the metallic layer on the separator on the cathode side made of Al.
- the porous separator consists in particular of PP, PE, PVDF or a combination of these polymers.
- the anode conductor (e.g. Cu) and the cathode conductor (e.g. Al) are preferably applied to the separator (e.g. PP, PE) as a highly porous layer with a thickness of 50 nm (e.g. Vapor deposited).
- the anode or cathode is then brought into direct contact with the coated separator or coated or laminated onto the separator. This means that higher energy densities are possible with lithium-ion or lithium-polymer batteries.
- the separator can also be coated on one side (eg with Ag in the case of AgO cells.)
- This one-sided porous silver layer serves for better contact between the separator and the electrode in the case of silver beroxid cells. This can reduce the internal resistance of the cell.
- the structure according to the invention in which at least two different fluorinated polymers are dissolved in a solvent and without the addition of plasticizers, swelling agents or electrolyte, only with a highly conductive carbon black, the BET surface of which is between of surface-minimized graphite and activated carbon and is mixed with an electrochemically active material with a two-dimensional layer structure and an electronic conductivity of at least 10 "4 S / cm, in which lithium can be reversibly installed and removed.
- the paste-like mass obtained in this way is applied to a separator coated according to the invention and dried.
- a material from the group of ternary (Li-Mel -O) or quaternary (Li-Me1 -Me2-0) lithium transition metal oxides is used as the electrochemically active material for a positive electrode foil, Me1 and Me2 from a group Ti, V, Cr, Fe , Mn, Ni, Co are selected. This metal optionally contains up to 15 atomic percent Mg, Al, N or F to stabilize the structure. For example, a graphitized carbon modification is used as the electrochemically active material of the negative electrode film.
- FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a separator of a galvanic element
- FIG. 1 shows the application of the invention in the preferred construction of a lithium polymer cell.
- a porous separator 1 according to FIG. 1 consists of PP, PE, PVDF or a combination of these polymers and is provided on at least one side with an electrically conductive thin porous layer, for example by vapor deposition.
- the electrically conductive porous conductor layer 2 consists of Cu on the anode side and Al on the cathode side 3.
- the anode 4 is applied to the conductor layer 2 and the cathode 5 is applied to the conductor layer 3, e.g. B. laminated or coated directly on it.
- the desired number of electrodes can be stacked or wound and then soaked and packed with electrolyte. Two such arrangements are stacked in FIG.
- the outer pole conductors are designated 6 for the positive electrode and 7 for the negative electrode.
- a porous layer of 100 nm Cu and on the other side 100 nm Al is evaporated onto a PP separator.
- An anode consisting of graphite and a PVDF binder is then coated on the Cu side and a cathode consisting of UC0O 2 , conductive carbon black and PVDF binder is coated on the AI side.
- This cell is then impregnated with electrolyte and packed in an Al-plastic composite film. Examples of suitable recipes for the active compositions can be found in document DE 101 08 695 A1 mentioned at the outset.
- a porous 100 nm silver layer is evaporated on one side onto a PP separator or a PP fleece. This layer of silver improves the contact between electrode and separator, which reduces the internal resistance of the cell.
- the separator is used, for example, in a button cell that contains a negative zinc powder electrode and a positive silver oxide electrode.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004018350.3 | 2004-04-06 | ||
DE102004018350.3A DE102004018350B4 (de) | 2004-04-06 | 2004-04-06 | Galvanisches Element |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005098995A2 true WO2005098995A2 (de) | 2005-10-20 |
WO2005098995A3 WO2005098995A3 (de) | 2006-07-20 |
Family
ID=34962944
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2005/003517 WO2005098995A2 (de) | 2004-04-06 | 2005-04-04 | Galvanisches element |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE102004018350B4 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005098995A2 (de) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0727838A1 (de) * | 1994-08-09 | 1996-08-21 | Aktionernoe Obschestvo Zakrytogo Tipa"Avtouaz" | Alkaliakkumulator |
EP0731517A1 (de) * | 1994-09-21 | 1996-09-11 | Zakrytoe Aktsionernoe Obschestvo "Avtouaz" | Chemische lithiumzelle |
US6444356B1 (en) * | 1996-11-01 | 2002-09-03 | Jackson C. Ma | Lithium battery with secondary battery separator |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1496355A1 (de) * | 1962-05-18 | 1969-05-14 | Yardney International Corp | Separator fuer elektrische Batterien |
US5948569A (en) * | 1997-07-21 | 1999-09-07 | Duracell Inc. | Lithium ion electrochemical cell |
DE19838800C1 (de) * | 1998-05-06 | 2000-03-16 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Batterieseparator auf Basis von keramisch beschichtetem Trägermaterial |
DE10108695A1 (de) * | 2001-02-23 | 2002-09-05 | Varta Geraetebatterie Gmbh | Galvanisches Element mit mindestens einer lithiuminterkalierenden Elektrode |
US20030027028A1 (en) * | 2001-07-18 | 2003-02-06 | Davis Herbert John | Metal-cored bipolar separator and end plates for polymer electrolyte membrane electrochemical and fuel cells |
-
2004
- 2004-04-06 DE DE102004018350.3A patent/DE102004018350B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-04-04 WO PCT/EP2005/003517 patent/WO2005098995A2/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0727838A1 (de) * | 1994-08-09 | 1996-08-21 | Aktionernoe Obschestvo Zakrytogo Tipa"Avtouaz" | Alkaliakkumulator |
EP0731517A1 (de) * | 1994-09-21 | 1996-09-11 | Zakrytoe Aktsionernoe Obschestvo "Avtouaz" | Chemische lithiumzelle |
US6444356B1 (en) * | 1996-11-01 | 2002-09-03 | Jackson C. Ma | Lithium battery with secondary battery separator |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102004018350A1 (de) | 2005-10-27 |
WO2005098995A3 (de) | 2006-07-20 |
DE102004018350B4 (de) | 2014-10-02 |
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