WO2005095758A1 - 破砕対象物を破砕する放電破砕方法、放電破砕方法を利用した横坑の掘削方法、並びに、立坑の掘削方法 - Google Patents
破砕対象物を破砕する放電破砕方法、放電破砕方法を利用した横坑の掘削方法、並びに、立坑の掘削方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005095758A1 WO2005095758A1 PCT/JP2005/005772 JP2005005772W WO2005095758A1 WO 2005095758 A1 WO2005095758 A1 WO 2005095758A1 JP 2005005772 W JP2005005772 W JP 2005005772W WO 2005095758 A1 WO2005095758 A1 WO 2005095758A1
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- Prior art keywords
- discharge
- hole
- excavation
- rock
- free surface
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 286
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 219
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 44
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009751 slip forming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
- E21C37/18—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by electricity
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
Definitions
- Electric discharge crushing method for crushing objects to be crushed horizontal shaft excavation method using electric discharge crushing method, and vertical shaft excavation method
- the present invention relates to a discharge crushing method for crushing an object to be crushed, such as a rock or a concrete structure of a building, by a shock wave generated by a discharge from a discharge electrode, and a horizontal shaft using the discharge crushing method. (4) Regarding the method of excavating the shaft.
- FIGS. 13 (a) and 13 (b) show an example of conventional mechanical excavation.
- a support 95 is constructed on the front ceiling 93 of the face 91, which is the excavation target part 7 of the horizontal shaft, the face 95
- a number of holes 96 having a predetermined depth are formed in the direction of excavation from 91, and steel pipes 97 are buried in the holes 96.
- a hydraulic wedge (not shown) is driven into the steel pipe 97 to generate cracks in the rock around the steel pipe 97, and then a crusher such as a breaker or a rock drill 98 such as a call pick hammer (pick) is used. Crush the rock face 91 face.
- the excavated portion 7 is an area inside the ground 8 surrounded by a dotted line B in FIG.
- the surface of the target portion 7 is a surface that is set on the ground surface of the ground 8 at the start of excavation, and is a face surface after the excavation proceeds.
- the face is the cutting edge of the horizontal shaft excavation.
- a large excavation machine such as a tunnel boring machine is used as an excavation method for a rock shaft, but it is difficult to input such a large machine due to poor construction conditions.
- a crusher such as a breaker or a rock drill such as a coal pick hammer (pic).
- a discharge crushing method using a discharge crusher for crushing an object to be broken such as a rock is known.
- a discharge hole 61 is formed in advance in an object 60 to be destroyed, an electrolyte 63 such as water is injected into the discharge hole 61, and the discharge crusher 50A is introduced into the electrolyte 63.
- the discharge electrode 70 is inserted, and a high voltage of 8 kV to 20 kV is applied to the discharge electrode 70 to cause discharge.
- a shock wave is generated by the discharge energy, and the object to be destroyed 60 is crushed by crushing the periphery of the discharge hole 61 with the shock wave.
- the discharge crushing device 50A is connected to a pulse power source 80 composed of a circuit with a large capacity (for example, about 500 kJ) capacitor 82 and switches 83 and 84, and is connected to one pole 82a of the capacitor 82 and is connected to the capacitor 82.
- a power supply 81 such as a generator connected to the other pole 82b of the capacitor 82 via a switch 83, and one electrode connected to one pole 82a of the capacitor 82 and the other pole 82b of the capacitor 82 via a switch 84. It has a discharge electrode 70 formed of the other electrode connected and an insulator for insulating the one electrode and the other electrode.
- the circuit of the pulse power source 80 is grounded (earthed).
- the discharge electrode 70 includes, for example, a rod-shaped inner conductor 73 as one electrode such as a positive electrode, a cylindrical insulator 74 covering the outer periphery of the inner conductor 73, and an outer periphery of the insulator 74.
- An external conductor 75 as the other electrode such as an electrode provided. That is, the discharge electrode 70 is a coaxial electrode having a configuration in which the inner conductor 73, the insulator 74, and the outer conductor 75 are coaxially arranged.
- Outer conductor 75 Constitute a plurality of floating electrodes 76; 76,... Provided at intervals in a direction along the center line of the internal conductor 73.
- the floating electrode is an electrode that is electrically insulated from the power supply side.
- the distal end 73t of the inner conductor 73 which is projected and exposed from the distal end 74 of the insulator 74, and the distal end 76t of the floating electrode 76 closest to the distal end 73t, form a distal discharge gap 77 for generating a discharge.
- An intermediate discharge gap 78 for generating a discharge is formed between the end 76s of the opposing floating electrodes 76 and the end 76s.
- a plurality of intermediate discharge gaps 78 are formed.
- a discharge portion 79 is formed by the tip side discharge gap 77 and the plurality of intermediate side discharge gaps 78.
- the switch 83 is turned on to connect the power supply unit 81 to the capacitor 82.
- a discharge is generated in the discharge gap 77 at the distal end, and the discharge energy causes an impulse. Generates a strike wave.
- a discharge is generated in the plurality of intermediate discharge gaps 78, and a shock wave is generated by the discharge energy.
- the object 60 to be broken is crushed by these shock waves (for example, see Patent Documents 2 and 3).
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-2000-136693
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-311175
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-320268
- a method of excavating a horizontal shaft using the above-described electric discharge crushing method can be considered. That is, a plurality of discharge holes 61 are provided in the excavation target portion 7 of the horizontal shaft, and a discharge electrode 70 is inserted into the discharge hole 61 to cause discharge. It is conceivable to crush the bedrock.
- the rocks at the excavated part 7 of the horizontal shaft are continuously formed as rocks.
- a plurality of discharge holes 61 are formed in the excavation target portion 7, and even if a discharge electrode 70 is inserted into the discharge holes 61 and discharge is performed, the excavation target portion 7 remains on the bedrock. It was difficult to cause cracks (cracks), and it was difficult to crush the bedrock of the excavation target part 7.
- a discharge hole extending in the surface force of the excavation target portion in the excavation progress direction of the excavation target portion is formed in the excavation target portion of the horizontal shaft in the ground, and a discharge electrode is provided in the discharge hole to form a discharge electrode.
- the rock 81A has a continuous rock mass 81A, and the thickness of the rock 81A is large. Then, a plurality of discharge holes 5 lp having a depth of about the length of the discharge electrode 70 are formed from the upper surface 81 a of the rock 81 A, and the discharge electrode 70 is inserted into these discharge holes 5 lp to perform discharge.
- a discharge hole is formed in an object to be crushed, a discharge electrode is provided in the discharge hole, and a shock wave is generated by discharge at a discharge portion of the discharge electrode.
- the fact that the free surface is formed by the inner surface of the groove formed in the object to be crushed, and that one surface of the object to be crushed is divided into a plurality of areas separated by the groove that forms the free surface, and provided in each area. Shock waves generated by the discharge in the discharge hole crushed the discharge hole and the free surface to crush the object to be crushed in each region, and provided a cylindrical groove in the object to be crushed. It is also characterized in that a discharge hole is formed near the groove.
- a free surface extending in a direction in which the horizontal shaft is excavated and a direction orthogonal to the direction of excavation is formed in the excavation target portion of the horizontal shaft.
- a discharge electrode extending in the direction of excavation a discharge electrode is provided in the discharge hole, and a shock wave is generated by the discharge at the discharge portion of the discharge electrode.
- a hole extending in the direction of excavation is formed in the portion to be excavated to form a free surface on the inner surface of the hole, and a discharge hole is provided outside the free surface in the portion to be excavated, and a discharge hole is formed in the discharge hole.
- Discharge And that the hole that forms the free surface is formed at the lower end of the part to be excavated, and the discharge hole is located on the locus around the center of the hole that forms the free surface in the part to be excavated.
- the inner surface of the trench that extends in the direction of the excavation of the horizontal shaft and in the direction perpendicular to the direction of excavation, and that separates the excavation target or a part of the excavation target.
- the excavation method of the horizontal shaft using the electric discharge fracturing method according to the present invention is characterized in that the excavation target portion of the horizontal shaft has a free surface extending in the excavation progress direction of the horizontal shaft and a direction orthogonal to the excavation progress direction. And a discharge hole extending in the direction of excavation, a discharge electrode is provided in the discharge hole, and a shock wave is generated by the discharge at the discharge portion of the discharge electrode.
- the free surface is formed by the inner surface of the groove formed by the above method.
- a plurality of discharge holes are provided in the excavation target portion sandwiched between the free surfaces, and the plurality of discharge holes are arranged so as to be staggered in a direction along the free surface.
- the tip and the tip of the discharge hole in the drilling direction are set on the same plane orthogonal to the drilling direction, and the discharge part of the discharge electrode is installed at an arbitrary position in one discharge hole. It is also characterized in that after the discharge is performed, the position of the discharge portion of the discharge electrode installed in the one discharge hole is changed to perform the discharge.
- a method of excavating a shaft using the electric discharge crushing method according to the present invention is characterized in that a plurality of discharge holes are drilled in a bedrock crossing a portion to be excavated at a planned shaft excavation site, and a hole is formed in the discharge hole.
- a plurality of discharge holes for forming a shaft in the excavation target part are formed at a depth sufficient to form the shaft, and the discharge electrodes are suspended from above and below the discharge hole.
- the operation of stopping the movement from top to bottom at a plurality of positions in the direction and generating a shock wave by the discharge at the discharge part of the discharge electrode each time the movement is stopped is performed on the plurality of discharge holes. It is also characterized by excavation of shafts. A free surface extending from the upper surface of the rock to the lower surface of the rock at the excavation target portion is formed in the excavation target portion, and the shock wave generated by the discharge in the discharge hole forms a free surface between the discharge hole and the free surface.
- the rock is crushed, the free surface is formed by the inner surface of a hole extending in the direction from the upper surface of the rock at the excavation target to the lower surface of the rock, and the free surface is formed by the periphery of a shaft in the rock at the excavation target.
- the groove extending along the part corresponding to the excavation part and extending from the upper surface of the rock at the excavation target to the lower surface of the rock to separate the rock at the excavation part from the rock outside the excavation part
- a soundproof sheet that covers the opening of the discharge hole is attached to a wire that hangs the discharge electrode.
- a free surface is provided on the object to be crushed, and the space between the discharge hole and the free surface is crushed by a shock wave generated by the discharge in the discharge hole, so that the object has a large area. Even a crushed object such as a concrete structure of a building or a rock can be easily crushed, and such a crushed object can be easily dismantled. Since the free surface is formed by the inner surface of the groove formed in the object to be crushed, the free surface can be easily formed, and the object to be crushed can be efficiently crushed.
- a portion to be excavated in the horizontal shaft A free surface is formed on the excavated part between the discharge hole and the free surface due to the shock wave generated by the discharge in the discharge hole, so that the number of discharge holes and the discharge Work can be reduced and excavation of the horizontal shaft can be performed efficiently.
- the free surface is formed inside the hole that forms the free surface (core hole)
- the free surface can be enlarged by increasing the diameter of the hole, and the free surface can be used effectively. Drilling can be performed efficiently. Since the hole forming the free surface is formed at the lower end side of the excavated portion, the horizontal shaft can be efficiently excavated at the lower end of the excavated portion.
- a free surface is formed by the inner surface of a trench that extends in the excavation progress direction of the horizontal shaft and the direction perpendicular to the excavation progress direction and that divides the excavation target part or a part of the excavation target part, and the area delimited by this groove.
- the rock at the excavation target portion can be efficiently crushed for each area divided by the groove, and the horizontal shaft can be efficiently excavated. Since the direction of extension of the discharge hole is obliquely downward, the work of sealing around the entrance of the discharge hole so that the electrolytic solution does not flow out from the entrance of the discharge hole can be omitted, so that the work can be reduced.
- a plurality of holes extending in the direction of excavation are continuously formed in the horizontal shaft excavation target portion in a direction orthogonal to the excavation traveling direction. Since the free surface is formed by the inner surface of the groove formed by the above, the number of discharge holes and discharge work can be reduced, the excavation of the horizontal shaft can be efficiently performed, and the groove forming the free surface has a small diameter. Since the hole can be formed by forming a plurality of holes, the free surface can be formed by a machine such as a small drilling machine capable of forming a hole with a small diameter, and the operation of forming the free surface can be easily performed.
- the excavation target portion sandwiched between the two grooves can be crushed with a small number of discharge holes.
- the propagation of the shock wave between the tip of the discharge hole and the tip of the free surface is easy to concentrate.
- Nari horizontal digging
- the cutting face can be aligned with the surface perpendicular to the direction of excavation, making it easier to form discharge holes and holes on the cutting face.
- a discharge hole having a depth extending to near the lower surface side of the rock is formed, and the discharge electrode is suspended in the discharge hole to discharge.
- the discharge electrode can be positioned at an arbitrary position in the discharge hole and discharge can be performed, and the rock can be efficiently crushed, so that the shaft can be efficiently excavated.
- a plurality of The excavation work of the shaft can be completed by performing the discharge work after the formation of the discharge hole, so that the work efficiency can be improved, the shaft can be efficiently excavated, and the discharge in the discharge hole can be performed.
- Discharge by the electrode is performed near the upper surface (free surface) of the rock at the excavation target and moved to the lower surface of the rock at the excavation target in the order of the position force, so that the discharge is performed at different positions in the discharge hole.
- the rock in that area can be reliably crushed in a small area in the vertical direction within the discharge hole.
- the discharge performed in several places from the top to the bottom of the discharge hole raises and lowers the rock at the excavated part.
- Drilling shafts efficiently, as it can be reliably crushed across Kill.
- the rock between the discharge part of the discharge electrode and the free surface can be easily placed on the rock. Cracks can be generated and the shaft can be excavated efficiently.
- the free surface is formed by the inner surface of a hole (core hole) extending from the upper surface of the rock at the excavation target to the lower surface of the rock, the free surface can be enlarged by increasing the diameter of the hole. Since the free surface can be used effectively, shaft excavation can be performed efficiently.
- the free surface is formed from the inner surface of the groove that separates the rock mass of the excavation target and the rock mass outside of the excavation target, so that the rock mass of the excavation target is crushed from the periphery of the excavation target (peripheral side of the shaft). , Making shaft excavation efficient Can be done.
- the free surface is formed by the inner surface of the trench that divides the rock of the excavation target into a plurality of areas, the rock can be efficiently crushed in each of the plurality of areas, and the shaft can be efficiently excavated.
- the free surface can be used effectively and the rock at the excavation target can be efficiently crushed.
- a plurality of discharge holes are provided at predetermined intervals on the trajectory of the spiral or the trajectory of the concentric circle centering on the center of the upper surface of the rock at the excavation target, the discharge holes closer to the free surface By performing force discharge, the free surface can be used effectively, and the rock on the excavation target can be efficiently crushed with the central force.
- the concentric circle trajectory centered on the center of the upper surface of the rock surface of the excavation target can be reduced as compared with the case where the discharge holes are provided at predetermined intervals, and work efficiency can be improved. Since the upper part of the discharge electrode and the opening of the discharge hole were covered with soundproof sheets, the noise generated from the rock near the discharge electrode and the noise transmitted through the rock during discharge crushing were reduced. Can be reduced together, and the noise at the time of electric discharge crushing can be greatly reduced.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing a discharge crushing method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a view showing another embodiment of the electric discharge crushing method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing another embodiment of the electric discharge crushing method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a view illustrating a method of excavating a horizontal shaft according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a view showing an excavation procedure in the excavation method of the horizontal shaft according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a view showing another embodiment of the cross shaft excavation method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a view showing another embodiment of the cross shaft excavation method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line A—A in FIG. 7.
- FIG. 9 is a view showing a shaft excavation method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a view showing an excavation procedure in the shaft excavation method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a view showing another embodiment of the shaft excavation method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a view showing another embodiment of the shaft excavation method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a view showing a conventional excavation method for a horizontal shaft.
- FIG. 14 is a view showing a conventional discharge crusher and a discharge electrode.
- FIG. 15 is a view showing a conventional method of excavating a horizontal shaft.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a conventional shaft excavation method.
- Figure 1 is a diagram showing the best mode of the electric discharge crushing method for a concrete structure (hereinafter referred to as “base concrete”) as a crushing object constructed as an underground foundation, where (a) is a plan view and (b) is a plan view. Is a sectional view.
- 2 and 3 are views showing another example of the electric discharge crushing method.
- the same or corresponding parts as those in the conventional example of FIGS. 13 to 16 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the upper surface la for example, as one surface of an elongated plate-like foundation concrete 1 as an object to be crushed
- the direction facing the lower surface lb of the foundation concrete 1 facing the upper surface la and the lower surface Grooves 2 extending to both sides lc, Id of the base concrete 1 in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the force toward lb are provided, and free surfaces 3 are formed by the inner surfaces of the grooves 2.
- a plurality of discharge holes 4 are formed in the lower surface lb of the base concrete 1 at a location at a predetermined distance from the free surface 3 on the upper surface la of the base concrete 1 so as to extend in the direction of the force.
- the plurality of discharge holes 4 are formed at predetermined intervals in a direction along the free surface 3.
- a predetermined distance is provided between the bottom surface of the groove 2 and the discharge hole 4 and the lower surface lb of the foundation concrete 1. That is, the groove 2 and the discharge hole 4 are formed at a predetermined depth that does not extend to the lower surface lb of the foundation concrete 1. Therefore, the electrolytic solution 63 injected into the discharge hole 4 can be held in the discharge hole 4.
- the groove 2 and the discharge hole 4 are formed using an excavator (not shown).
- a groove 2 having a width of about 0.4 to Lm is formed in the foundation concrete 1, and a discharge hole 4 is provided at a position 0.4 to 0.5 m away from the free surface 3 formed by the groove 2.
- a plurality of discharge holes 4 are formed at a pitch of about 0.5 m in a direction along the free surface 3 of the groove 2.
- the predetermined distance between the free surface 3 and the discharge hole 4 is likely to cause cracks in the concrete between the discharge hole 4 and the free surface 3! You can get it by experience and set it!
- an electrolyte 63 such as water and a discharge electrode 70 are provided in the discharge hole 4. That is, after injecting the electrolyte 63 into the discharge hole 4, the discharge part 79 of the discharge electrode 70 is inserted and the discharge part 79 is immersed in the electrolyte 63, and the pulse power source is applied to the discharge electrode 70. Apply a high voltage of 8kV to 20kV from 80. After inserting the discharge part 79 of the discharge electrode 70 into the discharge hole 4, the electrolyte 63 is injected into the discharge hole 4, and the discharge part 79 is immersed in the electrolyte 63. Alternatively, a high voltage of 8 kV to 20 kV from the pulse power source 80 may be applied.
- the free surface 3 is formed by the inner surface of the groove 2 which is in contact with the space inside the groove 2, and the basic concrete 1 is cut off by the groove 2 forming the free surface 3. Therefore, the concrete between the discharge hole 4 and the free surface 3 is easily moved to the side having the free surface 3 that is not restrained by the concrete, and the concrete between the discharge hole 4 and the free surface 3 is shocked by the shock wave.
- the groove 2 for forming the free surface 3 is provided in the foundation concrete 1.
- a discharge hole 4 is formed at a predetermined distance from the free surface 3, and the concrete between the discharge hole 4 and the free surface 3 is cracked by a shock wave generated by the discharge in the discharge hole 4. ), It is possible to easily crush even the crush object 60 such as the foundation concrete 1 of a building having a large area. Further, by disposing the electrolytic solution 63 and the discharge electrode 70 in the discharge hole 4 and performing discharge, the destructive force increases due to the pressure caused by the vaporization of the electrolytic solution 63, and further, the electrolytic solution 63 63 improves the efficiency of shock wave propagation into concrete.
- a plurality of discharge holes 4 are formed at predetermined intervals.
- the discharge holes 4 provided along the free surface 3 extend in the direction of the force to the lower surface lb of the base concrete 1 at a predetermined distance from the free surface 3 on the upper surface la of the base concrete 1 as described above.
- a discharge hole 4 is also provided in the center of each of the regions Rl, R2, R3, R4.
- the groove 2 and the discharge hole 4 extend to the lower surface lb of the foundation concrete 1 and are formed at a predetermined depth.
- the lower surface is connected and fixed by concrete, but the periphery of the upper surface la is cut off by the free surface 3. Therefore, on the upper surface la side in each region Rl, R2, R3, R4, the concrete between the discharge hole 4 and the free surface 3 can easily move to the side with the free surface 3 not restrained by the concrete.
- the shock wave tends to cause cracks (cracks) in the concrete between the discharge hole 4 and the free surface 3, and the tensile force caused by the shock wave being reflected back by the free surface 3 and causing discharge. Since the concrete between the hole 4 and the free surface 3 is easily cracked, the concrete between the discharge hole 4 and the free surface 2 can be efficiently and easily crushed. Therefore, the foundation concrete 1 can be efficiently crushed for each of the regions Rl, R2, R3, R4, and the work of dismantling the foundation concrete 1 can be performed efficiently and easily.
- the discharge force in the discharge hole 4 formed along the free surface 3 may be performed, or each of the regions R1, R2, R3 , The discharge force in the discharge hole 4 provided at the center of R4 . If the discharge force is generated in the discharge holes 4 formed along the free surface 3, the outer peripheral sides of the regions Rl, R2, R3, and R4 are crushed by the crushing caused by the discharges in the discharge holes 4, and the central portion is broken. Since a free surface (not shown) near the discharge hole 4 at the center is formed around the discharge hole 4 provided at the center, the shock wave due to the discharge in the discharge hole 4 provided at the center causes The center of R2, R3, R4 can be crushed.
- the discharge force in the discharge hole 4 provided at the center may also be provided.
- a plurality of holes that form the free surface 3 may be provided around the discharge hole 4 formed in the center of each of the regions Rl, R2, R3, and R4, or the center of each of the regions Rl, R2, R3, and R4 may be provided.
- a hole or a groove that forms a free surface may be formed! / ⁇ .
- the foundation concrete 1 has a simple rectangular shape, for example, when it has an arc portion 5, a cutting machine called an all-around cutter is used for the arc portion 5.
- a cylindrical groove 6 having a circular shape and a predetermined depth is provided, and a discharge hole 4 is provided inside or around the groove 6, that is, in the vicinity of the groove 6, and the discharge hole 4 is formed in the discharge hole 4. If the discharge is performed, the arc 5 can be efficiently crushed.
- the basic concrete 1 has a rectangular portion, a polygonal portion, or the like
- a groove having a rectangular shape, a polygonal shape, or the like may be provided.
- the inner surfaces of the grooves 2 and 6 are free surfaces 3.
- the object 60 to be crushed is the basic concrete 1, but the present invention is not limited to this, and it breaks continuum such as a boulder having a large area and a rock layer. It is also applicable to crushing.
- the width of the groove 2 formed in the foundation concrete 1 is set to about 0.4 to: Lm, and the discharge holes 4 are arranged at a pitch of about 0.5 m at a position of 0.4 to 0.5 m from the wall of the groove 2.
- the width and depth of the grooves 2 and 6 and the position and quantity of the discharge holes 4 are not limited to these, but are appropriately set according to the strength and thickness of the foundation concrete 1 to be demolished. You. In the actual work, in order to efficiently perform the crushing work, a plurality of holes that can be discharge holes are formed in advance, and the next crushing of the above holes is performed according to the crushing situation.
- the discharge electrode 70 is installed in an appropriate hole for performing the discharge crushing.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 are diagrams showing the best mode of the horizontal shaft excavation method according to the present invention.
- the lower end side of the excavation target portion 7 of the horizontal shaft is excavated to form a core hole 10.
- the core hole 10 is formed so as to extend from the surface 9 of the excavation target portion 7 of the horizontal shaft in the ground 8 in the traveling direction X of the horizontal shaft.
- the inner surface of the core hole 10 extends from the surface 9 of the excavation target part 7 to the excavation target part 7 of the horizontal shaft and extends in the direction Form.
- the core hole 10 is a hole that extends in the excavation progress direction X from the surface 9 of the excavation target portion 7 in the excavation target portion 7 and forms the free surface 3 on the inner surface.
- the core hole 10 is formed by extending the surface 9 of the drilling target portion 7 (not shown) from the surface 9 of the drilling target 7 in the drilling direction X.
- a plurality of tracks are provided at predetermined intervals on a locus of the circumference centered on the center of the centering hole 10 (indicated by a dashed line in FIGS. 4 and 5).
- the discharge hole 11 was formed to be inclined obliquely downward toward the surface 9 side force of the excavation target portion 7 in the direction X of the excavation.
- the core hole 10 and the discharge hole 11 are cut by a boring machine (not shown).
- a drum drill or the like having a larger diameter than the drill used for forming the discharge hole 11 is used.
- discharge using an electrode for discharge is performed in advance in these holes, and the core hole is formed.
- a hole row composed of a plurality of discharge holes 11 arranged at predetermined intervals on a locus of a circle centered on the center of the core hole 10 in the excavation target portion 7.
- a hole row composed of a plurality of discharge holes 11 arranged at predetermined intervals on a locus of a circle centered on the center of the core hole 10 in the excavation target portion 7.
- a value obtained by an empirical rule such as an experiment is set according to the cross-sectional size of the horizontal shaft and the hardness of the rock in the excavation target portion 7.
- the distance L between the hole rows is 0.4 m to 0.5 m
- the distance M between the adjacent discharge holes 11 and 11 in one hole row is 0.3 m to 0.8 m.
- the electric discharge work is performed at a position near the free surface 3 formed by the inner surface of the coring hole 10.
- an electrolytic solution 63 such as water and a discharge electrode 70 are provided in the lowermost discharge hole 11a of the first hole row 11A including the discharge holes 11 closest to the core hole 10. That is, after the electrolyte 63 is injected into the discharge hole 11a, the discharge part 79 of the discharge electrode 70 is inserted and the discharge part 79 is immersed in the electrolyte 63, and the pulse power source 80 is applied to the discharge electrode 70.
- High voltage of 8kV to 20kV is applied.
- the electrolytic solution 63 is injected into the discharge hole 11a, and the discharge portion 79 is immersed in the electrolytic solution 63.
- a high voltage of 8 kV to 20 kV from the pulse power source 80 may be applied.
- a discharge is generated in the discharge portion 79 of the discharge electrode 70, a shock wave is generated by the discharge energy, and the excavation target portion 7 is destroyed by the shock wave.
- the holder 31 is attached to the outer periphery of the connector 72 of the discharge electrode 70, and the holder 31 is supported by the small dedicated holding device 32.
- the pulse power source 80 to which the cable 71 of the discharge electrode 70 is connected is mounted on the back of the bed of the small dedicated gripping device 32, it is convenient since the cable 71 does not need to be extended.
- the free surface 3 is formed by the inner surface of the centering hole 10 that is in contact with the space in the centering hole 10, and is excavated by the centering hole 10 as a hole forming the free surface 3.
- the rock of target area 2 is cut off. Therefore, the rock between the discharge hole 11a and the free surface 3 becomes easy to move to the side where the core hole 10 is not bound by the rock, and the shock wave causes the rock between the discharge hole 11a and the free surface 3 to move. Cracks (cracks) are likely to be formed in the rock, and the rocks between the discharge hole 11a and the free surface 3 are also likely to be cracked by the tensile force caused by the shock wave being reflected by the free surface 3 and returning.
- the rock pit between the discharge hole 11a and the free surface 3 is crushed by cracking, or the cracked part is crushed by using a rock drill such as a small breaker to improve the efficiency of the horizontal shaft. Can be excavated.
- the shock wave gradually attenuates in the process of spreading from around the discharge hole 11 to the outside, so that the rock cannot be efficiently crushed by the shock wave.
- the electrolytic solution 63 and the discharge electrode 70 are provided as described above in the discharge hole l ib of the first hole row 11A adjacent to the discharge hole 11a. Then, when the large capacity (for example, about 500 kJ) capacitor 82 of the pulse power source 80 is filled, discharge is performed in the discharge hole l ib.
- the first hole row 11A arranged on the circumferential locus is The discharge in the discharge hole 11 is performed by following the discharge hole 11 arranged on the circumferential locus in order from the discharge hole 11a, and finally, the discharge is performed in the discharge hole 1 lm. As a result, as shown in FIG.
- the rock between the core hole 10 and the first hole row 11A is crushed, and the rock on the outer peripheral side of the first hole row 11A is broken.
- the rocks between the first row of holes 11A and the second row of holes 11B indicated by circle 1 in the figure are excavated using a rock drill such as a small breaker.
- a lateral hole 10A in which the peripheral portion of the core hole 10 is enlarged can be excavated.
- the lowermost discharge hole 1In is used in the same manner as in the case of the first hole row 11A. The discharge is performed in order from.
- a core hole 10 for forming the free surface 3 and a discharge hole 11 are formed on the face surface, which becomes the surface 9 of the excavated portion 7 after the excavation progresses, in the same manner as described above, and crushing work by a shock wave is performed. By doing so, excavation of the horizontal shaft can be performed efficiently.
- a cored hole 10 which is a hole extending in the excavation traveling direction X, is formed in the excavation target portion 7, and the free surface 3 is formed on the inner surface of the cored hole 10, and the excavation target portion is formed.
- the discharge holes 11 are provided outside the free surface 3 and the discharge is performed in the discharge holes 11.
- the number of the discharge holes 11 is smaller than when the free surface 3 is not provided.
- the number of electric discharge work can be reduced, and the excavation of horizontal shaft can be performed efficiently.
- the free surface 3 By forming the free surface 3 on the inner surface of the centering hole 10, the free surface 3 can be enlarged by increasing the diameter of the centering hole, and the free surface 3 can be used effectively. Can be performed efficiently.
- the diameter of the hole forming the free surface 3 on the inner surface is determined by changing the diameter of the horizontal hole.
- 10A and 10B it is possible to increase the lower end side of the excavated portion 7 from the lower end side of the excavated portion 7 and efficiently excavate the horizontal shaft with the lower end side force of the excavated portion 7.
- a plurality of discharge holes 11 at predetermined intervals on a trajectory around the center of the centering hole 10 in the excavation target portion 7, the outer peripheral side of the centering hole 10 is excavated. The rock of the target area 7 can be crushed efficiently.
- the discharge force is generated in the discharge hole 11 located near the free surface 3, a large number of cracks are generated in the rock at the excavation target portion 7 between the free surface 3 and the discharge hole 11. Therefore, the rock at the excavation target portion 7 between the free surface 3 and the discharge hole 11 can be easily crushed. Since the core hole 10 is formed at the lower end of the excavated portion 7, the diameter of the hole forming the free surface 3 on the inner surface is increased from the lower end of the excavated portion 7 like the horizontal holes 10A and 10B. Therefore, the horizontal shaft can be efficiently excavated from the lower end side of the excavation target portion 7.
- the destructive force increases due to the pressure caused by the vaporization of the electrolyte 63, and the excavation is further performed by the electrolyte 63.
- the propagation efficiency of the shock wave to the target section 7 can be increased.
- the location where the core hole 10 is formed is not limited to the lower end side of the excavation target portion 7, but may be provided at another location such as the central portion of the excavation target portion 7.
- a relatively low strength portion is excavated to form a core hole 10 and a high strength portion is crushed by electric discharge crushing.
- the shaft can be excavated efficiently.
- the cross-sectional shape of the coring hole 10 is circular, and the discharge holes 11 are arranged on a locus around the circumference centered on the center of the coring hole 10.
- experience was gained by knowing the shape of the shaft and the strength distribution of the rock at the excavation target part 7. By law To be determined as appropriate.
- the method of supporting the discharge electrode 70 and the installation position of the pulse power source 80 are not limited to the above examples, and may be appropriately devised according to the situation at the site.
- a plurality of holes that can be discharge holes are drilled in advance and suitable for the next crushing of the above holes according to the crushing situation.
- the discharge electrode 70 is inserted into the hole to break the discharge.
- the core hole 10 is formed, and the free surface 3 is formed by the inner surface of the core hole 10.
- the free surface 3 is formed by the inner surface of the groove 30 that extends in the direction X and the direction in which the excavation proceeds and extends in the direction perpendicular to the X and that divides the part 7 to be excavated or a part of the part 7 to be excavated.
- the groove 30 may be formed, for example, by a continuous hole in the horizontal shaft excavation target portion 7 in which a plurality of holes extending from the surface 9 in the excavation traveling direction X are connected to each other in a direction orthogonal to the excavation traveling direction X.
- the groove 30 separating the excavation target portion 7 is a groove formed along the periphery of the horizontal shaft in the excavation target portion 7 shown in B of FIG. 6 and extending in the excavation traveling direction X, and dividing the entire excavation target portion 7. .
- the groove 30 that separates a part of the excavation target portion 7 is a region extending in the excavation progress direction X and extending in a direction orthogonal to the excavation progress direction X in the excavation target portion 7, and each of the regions R1 to R8 in FIG.
- the rock is cut off between the plurality of regions R1 to R8 of the excavation target portion 7 by the trench 30. Therefore, the rock between the discharge hole 11 and the free surface 3 is easily moved to the side where the groove 30 is not restrained by the rock, and the rock between the discharge hole 11 and the free surface 3 is cracked by the shock wave. (Cracks) are likely to occur, and the rocks between the discharge hole 11 and the free surface 3 are also likely to crack due to the tensile force caused by the shock wave being reflected back on the free surface 3 and returning. Therefore, the rock bed between the discharge hole 11 and the free surface 3 can be efficiently crushed, so that the plurality of regions R1 to R8 of the excavation target portion 7 can be efficiently crushed for each region, and the efficiency of the horizontal shaft is improved. Can be excavated.
- the way of dividing the area of the excavation target part 7 by the groove 30 and the inside of each area divided by the groove 30 The method of arranging the discharge holes 11 provided in the pit is not limited to that shown in FIG. 6 above, but may be determined as appropriate according to the shape of the horizontal shaft, the distribution of the strength of the rock in the excavation target part 7, and the like.
- FIG. 7 shows the arrangement of discharge holes and free surfaces formed in the excavated portion of the horizontal shaft in the ground, as viewed from the surface force of the excavated portion
- Fig. 8 shows a cross section taken along the line AA in Fig. 7. Note that the same or corresponding parts as those in FIG.
- the excavated portion 7 is an area inside the ground 8 surrounded by an imaginary line (two-dot chain line) B in FIG. This is the surface set on the ground surface in Fig. 8, and after excavation, it is the face. The face is the cutting edge of the horizontal shaft excavation.
- the free surface 3 is a groove formed by arranging a plurality of holes 1 2 extending from the surface 9 in the excavation traveling direction X on the horizontal shaft excavation target portion 7 in a direction orthogonal to the excavation traveling direction X like a bead. 13, ie, formed by the inner surface of the groove 13 formed by continuous drilling.
- the holes 12 and the discharge holes 11 are, for example, holes having a circular cross section.
- Continuous drilling forming the free surface 3 by the groove 13 is described, for example, in Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-133097 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-327589) filed by the present applicant. It is formed using a punching machine as a cutting machine (not shown). That is, continuous drilling is performed using a drilling machine equipped with a guide rod and a drilling bit (cutting blade) that drills rock at the tip. First, the first hole 12a (12) is formed with a drill bit from the upper side of the part corresponding to the inside of the cross section of the excavation section 7, and then a guide rod is inserted into the first hole 12a to drill the drill bit.
- a hole 12b (12) that is continuous with the first hole 12a is formed below the first hole 12a (on the ground 14 side). That is, the drilling rod and the drilling bit are rotated and driven back and forth by the driving means, so that the drilling bit cuts the bedrock of the ground 8 by rotation and impact to form the hole 12.
- a cemented carbide tip is provided between the drilling rod and the guide rod of the drilling machine, and the ground 8 between the holes 12a and 12b, which are lined up and down, is shaved by the cemented carbide tip.
- the inner surfaces of the holes 12a and 12b are connected to each other by the connection hole portion 15.
- a plurality of holes 12 located above and below the excavation target portion 7 are connected to each other by connecting hole portions 15 like a rosary.
- Grooves 13 are formed by drilling.
- the inner surface of the groove 13 formed by the continuous drilling functions as the free surface 3.
- a plurality of holes 12 formed by continuous drilling forming the free surface 3 are sequentially formed with the upward force of the excavation target portion 7 also directed downward, so that the water supplied at the time of drilling by the drilling machine is increased.
- the water flowing down from the bottom is always filled with water in the hole being drilled, so that the friction between the drill bit and the rock can be reduced. That is, a method of sequentially forming the plurality of holes 12 with the upward force of the excavation target portion 7 also directed downward is preferable as a measure for reducing friction between the drill bit and the rock in rock cutting by the drill.
- the discharge hole 11 is formed by removing the guide rod of the above-described drilling machine and driving a drilling bit at the tip of the remaining drilling rod, or by using a dedicated drilling machine.
- the plurality of discharge holes 11 formed on the center side of the surface 9 of the excavation target portion 7 are formed at arbitrary intervals.
- the plurality of discharge holes 11 formed along the periphery of the surface 9 of the excavation target 7, that is, along the periphery of the horizontal shaft (the portion near the imaginary line B and the ground 14 in FIG. 7) are as described above. It is formed at a predetermined interval narrower than the given arbitrary interval.
- the number T of the grooves 13 formed by continuous drilling, the pitch ⁇ between the discharge holes 11, and the like may be set in consideration of the cross-sectional area of the horizontal shaft, the hardness of the rock at the ground 8, and the like. For example, if the cross-sectional area of the adit of 5. 175 m 2, about 80mm diameter C as described above, the 1. 1 to 1. 5 m depth of about D, 600 mm about the distance H, 3 pieces of several T, pitch Set P to 45cm. The pitch P is increased when the bedrock of the ground 8 is soft, and is decreased when the bedrock is hard.
- an electrolytic solution 63 such as water and a discharge electrode 70 are provided in the discharge hole 11, and a shock wave is generated by the discharge, and the excavation target portion 7 is destroyed by the shock wave.
- the free surface 3 is formed by the inner surface of the groove 13 which is in contact with the space inside the groove 13 formed by the continuous drilling, and the rock 13 of the excavation target portion 7 is cut off by the groove 13 forming the free surface 3. Therefore, as described above, the rock between the discharge hole 11 and the free surface 3 is broken by the shock wave generated by the discharge according to the principle described above. Can be crushed, and the shaft can be excavated efficiently.
- the discharge holes 11 formed at a position near the center of the surface 9 of the excavation target portion 7 are discharged from the discharge holes 11 located farther from the center of the surface 9, and so on in this order. I do. That is, first, as shown in FIG. 7, the discharge is generated in the discharge hole 11 formed in a portion near the center of the surface 9 of the excavation target portion 7 sandwiched between the two grooves 13; The rocks between the discharge hole 11 and the free surface 3 of the groove 13 are crushed by the shock waves. Thereby, the central portion of the excavation target portion 7 sandwiched between the two grooves 13; 13 can be crushed.
- the excavation target portion 7 can be excavated.
- the discharge is performed in order from the discharge hole 11 formed near the center of the surface 9 of the excavation target portion 7 to the discharge hole 11 located farther from the center of the surface 9, so that the horizontal direction is obtained.
- a free surface can be formed by the inner surface of a large hole (not shown) in the center of the excavation target portion 7, and the peripheral side of the horizontal shaft in the excavation target portion 7 can be efficiently crushed using this free surface.
- a plurality of holes 12 extending from the surface 9 in the excavation traveling direction X are arranged in the crosshead excavation target portion 7 in a direction orthogonal to the excavation traveling direction X like a rosary and connected to each other. Since the free surface 3 is formed by the groove 13, that is, the inner surface of the groove 13 formed by continuous drilling, the number of discharge holes 11 can be reduced as compared with the case where the free surface 3 is not provided, and discharge work can be performed. The number of drilling operations can be reduced, and horizontal shaft excavation can be performed efficiently.
- the free surface 3 since a plurality of holes 12 formed by continuous drilling to form the grooves 13 forming the free surface 3 are formed one by one, the free surface 3 The grooves 13 formed by continuous drilling can be easily and reliably formed by a drilling machine. Also, since the free surface 3 can be formed by forming the small-diameter holes 12, the free surface 3 can be formed by a small drilling machine capable of forming the small-diameter holes 12, and the work of forming the free surface 3 is simplified. I can do it.
- the hard rock of the distance between the grooves 13 to each other by continuous drilling H If bedrock If a longer (not shown) or natural ground 8 is hard (compressive strength 1000 ⁇ 4000 (kgZcm 2) 7), as shown in FIG. 7, a plurality of discharge holes 11 provided in the excavation target portion 7 sandwiched between the free surfaces 3 and 3 formed by the grooves 13 and 13 formed by two continuous drillings, By arranging in a staggered manner along the free surface 3 as shown by the imaginary line W, two grooves 13 and 13 are formed by discharge using a small number of discharge holes 11.
- a predetermined distance Z (not shown) between the adjacent discharge holes 11 and 11 connected by the imaginary line W is applied to the other discharge hole 11 by a shock wave generated by the discharge in one discharge hole 11.
- the predetermined distance Z is set so that the crack reaches the hole 11, the crack in the excavated portion 7 sandwiched between the free surfaces 3; 3 can be increased, and the free surface 3; The sandwiched excavation target portion 7 can be crushed more efficiently.
- the above-mentioned predetermined distance Z may be obtained by an empirical rule based on experiments or the like.
- the distance H between the grooves 13 and 13 due to continuous drilling is short or when the bedrock at the ground 8 is soft, the free surface 3 of the excavation target portion 7 sandwiched between the grooves 13 and 13;
- the plurality of discharge holes 11 may be arranged in a straight line at appropriate intervals in the direction along the free surface 3.
- the tip 3t of the free surface 3 in the excavation traveling direction X (the bottom surface of the groove 13)
- the tip l it of the discharge hole 11 in the excavation traveling direction X (the bottom surface of the discharge hole 11) is set on the same plane J orthogonal to the excavation traveling direction.
- the tip 3t of the free surface 3 in the direction of excavation and the tip l it of the discharge hole 11 in the direction of excavation are aligned in the lateral direction in the direction of excavation.
- the surface 9 of the excavation target portion 7 is a flat surface, the discharge is performed so that the depth D of the hole in the excavation progress direction X orthogonal to the surface 9 becomes the same depth.
- a hole 11 and a hole 12 should be formed.
- the discharge portion 79 of the discharge electrode 70 is installed at an arbitrary position in the one discharge hole 11 to perform discharge, the discharge portion of the discharge electrode 70 installed in the one discharge hole 11 is formed.
- the position of No. 79 to perform discharge the propagation of shock waves between one discharge hole 11 and free surface 3 can be increased, and the excavated portion 7 can be efficiently crushed, which is effective It is.
- the first discharge is performed by setting the discharge portion 79 of the discharge electrode 70 at a position near the entrance (surface 9) of the discharge hole 11.
- the surface 9 also becomes a free surface, and the shock wave from the discharge causes cracks in the rock between the discharge part 79 and the free surface 3 and the surface 9, and the rock between the discharge part 79 and the free surface 3 and the surface 9 Crushes.
- the discharge section 79 of the discharge electrode 70 is moved to a position close to the tip 1 It of the discharge hole 11 to perform the second discharge.
- the exposed surface on the surface 9 side after being crushed by the first discharge also becomes a free surface (not shown), and the shock wave from the second discharge causes the discharge portion 79 to contact the free surface 3 and the free surface (not shown).
- the first discharge is performed by inserting the discharge portion 79 of the discharge electrode 70 to a position close to the tip 1 It of the discharge hole 11 as shown by the solid line in FIG.
- the discharge portion 79 of the discharge electrode 70 may be moved in the direction of the entrance (surface 9) of the discharge hole 11 to perform the force.
- the position of the discharge portion 79 of the discharge electrode 70 in one discharge hole 11 is set at two or more places, and the discharge is performed at the set two or more positions.
- the shock wave can be propagated to and from the excavation part 3 efficiently, and the excavation target part 7 can be efficiently crushed even when the bedrock of the ground 8 is hard or the pitch P at which the discharge holes 11 are installed is increased.
- the excavation of the cross shaft can be performed efficiently.
- the discharge may be performed two or more times in one discharge hole 11 with the discharge part 79 of the discharge electrode 70 set at the same position.
- FIGS. 13 to 16 A shaft excavation method according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the same or corresponding parts as those in the conventional example shown in FIGS. 13 to 16 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 are diagrams showing the best mode of the shaft excavation method according to the present invention.
- the excavation target portion crossing the ground 80A of the planned excavation site
- the core hole 40 penetrating vertically through the rock 81A from the center of the upper surface 81a of the exposed rock 81A is out of the figure. Formed by the machine.
- the inner surface of the centering hole 40 forms the free surface 3.
- a plurality of discharge holes 51 having a depth extending from the upper surface 8 la of the rock 81 A to a position closer to the lower surface 8 lb of the rock 81 A are formed around the core hole 40 by a machine (not shown).
- the discharge electrode 70 is hung by the train 23 and stopped at a plurality of positions in the vertical direction in the discharge hole 51 in order from top to bottom, and every time the movement is stopped, the discharge electrode 70 is discharged.
- the work of generating a shock wave by the discharge in the part 79 is individually performed for the plurality of discharge holes 51, and the discharge work is performed after the formation of the plurality of discharge holes 51, and the excavation work of the shaft 20 is performed.
- the efficiency of the work can be improved without repeating the cycle of forming the discharge holes 51p, discharging, and forming the discharge holes 5lp.
- the discharge operation is performed by pouring the electrolyte 63 into the discharge hole 51 and suspending the discharge electrode 70 with the crane 23 so that the discharge portion 79 of the discharge electrode 70 is immersed in the electrolyte 63. After the position is adjusted, a high voltage is applied to the discharge electrode 70, and a shock wave is generated by the discharge in the discharge part 79.
- the rock 81A having a predetermined thickness is left between the bottom of the discharge hole 51 and the lower surface 81b of the rock 9 so that the electrolyte 63 remains in the discharge hole 51 even after the rock 81A is crushed.
- a gel electrolyte is used as 63.
- the plurality of discharge holes 51 are formed at predetermined intervals (for example, 0.3 m to 0.8 m intervals) on a spiral trajectory centered on the center of the upper surface 81 a when viewed from the upper surface 81 a of the rock 81 A of the excavation target portion 7 A. Formed apart.
- a holder 21 is attached to the outer periphery of the connector 72 of the discharge electrode 70, and the wire 21 of the crane 23 mounted on the small crane truck 22 with the holder 21 is mounted. Then, the discharge part 79 of the discharge electrode 70 is positioned above the discharge hole 51 to perform discharge.
- the first soundproof sheet 25 is attached to the holder 21 so as to cover the upper portion of the discharge electrode 70, and the second soundproof sheet 26 is attached to the wire 24. 51 openings are covered.
- the cable 71 of the discharge electrode 70 pulled out from the upper part of the holder 21 is pulled out of the holding member 27 holding the second soundproof sheet 26 on the wire 24 and is supplied to the pulse power source mounted on the bed of the crane 23. Connected to 80.
- the electrolyte 63 is injected into the discharge hole 51a formed at the position closest to the coring hole 40.
- the discharge electrode 70 is suspended by the crane 23, and the discharge portion 79 of the discharge electrode 70 is positioned within the discharge hole 5la at a position close to the upper surface 81a side of the rock 81A.
- the discharge part 70 of 70 is immersed in the electrolytic solution 63, and the discharge electrode 70 is stopped at that position.
- a high voltage of 8 kV to 20 kV from the pulse power source 70 is applied to the discharge electrode 70.
- a discharge is generated in the discharge portion 79 of the discharge electrode 70, and a shock wave is generated by the discharge energy.
- the free surface 3 is formed by the inner surface of the centering hole 40 that is in contact with the space inside the centering hole 40, and is excavated by the centering hole 40 as a hole forming the free surface 3.
- the bedrock 81A of the target area 7A is cut off. Therefore, the rock 83 between the discharge hole 51a and the free surface 3 can easily move to the side where the core hole 40 is not restrained by the rock 83, and the shock wave causes the discharge hole 51a and the free surface 3 to move.
- the crane 23 is operated to move the discharge electrode 70 downward in the discharge hole 51a, stop, and discharge.
- the shock wave is generated in the rock 81A around the discharge hole 51a by the shock wave in order from the upper surface 81a to the lower surface 81b.
- the discharge electrode 70 is taken out from the discharge hole 51a, and the above-described discharge hole 51a is inserted into the discharge hole 51b adjacent to the discharge hole 51a.
- Discharge is performed in the same procedure as the discharge procedure performed in the above.
- the order of the discharge holes 51 for performing the discharge is as follows: from the vicinity of the centering hole 40, a plurality of discharge holes 5 (51a, 51b, At 51c, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ), go in order from inside to outside.
- shock waves will interfere with cracks formed by previous discharge crushing and further cracks will occur.
- 81 A can be efficiently crushed.
- the excavation by the excavator may be performed after the discharge crushing in all the discharge holes 51 is completed, or may be performed after the discharge crushing in a predetermined number of the discharge holes 51 is completed. It may be performed each time the discharge operation in each discharge hole 51 is completed.
- the core hole 40 that penetrates the rock 81A up and down is formed at the center of the rock 81A of the excavation target portion 7A.
- a free surface 3 formed by the inner surface of the hole 40 is provided, and a plurality of discharge holes 51 are provided around the core hole 40 to extend to near 8 lb of the lower surface of the rock 81A. Since the electrode 70 is suspended by the wire 24, the discharge electrode 70 is moved to several upper and lower locations in the discharge hole 51, and then stopped to perform discharge at the several locations.
- the rock 81A between the discharge part 79 and the free surface 3 can easily crack, and the rock 81A between the discharge part 79 of the discharge electrode 70 and the free surface 3 can be easily crushed.
- the shaft 20 can be excavated efficiently.
- the free surface 3 is formed on the inner surface of the centering hole 40, the diameter of the centering hole 40 can be increased. By increasing the size, the free surface 3 can be enlarged and the free surface 3 can be used effectively, so that the shaft 20 can be efficiently excavated. Further, since the excavation work of the shaft 20 can be completed by performing the electric discharge work after the formation of the discharge hole 51, the operation efficiency can be improved, and the shaft 20 can be efficiently excavated.
- the discharge from the discharge electrode 70 in the discharge hole 51 was moved closer to the upper surface 8 la of the rock 81A of the excavation target 7A, and the positional force was also sequentially moved to the lower surface 8 lb side of the rock 81A of the excavation target 7A.
- the cracks can be generated sequentially from the upper surface 81a of the rock 81A to the lower surface 81b of the rock 81A.
- Rock discharge 81A can be reliably crushed up and down by discharges performed at several locations.
- the free surface 3 can be effectively used, and the rock 81A can be efficiently crushed. If a plurality of discharge holes 51 are provided at predetermined intervals on a non-illustrated concentric trajectory centered on the center of the upper surface 81a of the rock 81A of the excavated portion 7A, it is closer to the free surface 3. By discharging from the discharge hole 5 la, the free surface 3 can be effectively used, and the rock 81A of the excavation target portion 7A can be efficiently crushed from the center side.
- the discharge holes 51 are provided at predetermined intervals on the trajectory of the spiral centered on the center of the upper surface 81a of the rock 81A of the excavation target part 7A.
- the discharge holes 51 close to the free surface 3 are provided.
- the free surface 3 can be effectively utilized, the rock 81A of the excavation target 7A can be efficiently crushed from the center side, and a plurality of discharge holes 51 are formed in the excavation target 7A.
- the work efficiency can be improved by reducing the number of discharge holes 51 as compared with a case where a predetermined interval is provided on a locus of concentric circles centered on the center of the upper surface 81a of the rock 81A.
- the noise generated from the rock near the discharge electrode 70 and the rock 9 can be reduced together with the noise transmitted, and the noise at the time of electric discharge crushing can be greatly reduced.
- the electrolytic solution 63 and the discharge electrode 70 in the discharge hole 51 and performing discharge the destructive force increases due to the pressure caused by the vaporization of the electrolytic solution 63, and By using 63, the propagation efficiency of the shock wave to the rock 81A of the excavated portion 7A can be increased.
- the location where the core hole 40 is formed is not limited to the center of the shaft 20, but may be another location. If the rock mass 81A has a strength distribution, efficiency can be improved by excavating a relatively low strength part to form a cored hole 40 and increasing the strength!
- the shaft 20 can be excavated well.
- the cross-sectional shape of the coring hole 40 is circular, and the discharge holes 51 are arranged on the trajectory of the spiral centered on the center of the coring hole 40.
- the method of arranging the discharge holes 51 including the interval between the two discharge holes 51, 51, and the discharge sequence, etc., are also determined as appropriate according to the diameter of the shaft, the thickness of the rock 81A, and its intensity distribution. is there.
- a plurality of holes that can be discharge holes are drilled in advance, and the following one of the above-described holes is selected according to the crushing situation.
- the discharge electrode 70 is inserted into an appropriate hole for crushing to crush the discharge.
- the force of forming the centering hole 40 and forming the free surface 3 by the inner surface of the centering hole 40 As shown in FIG. 11, for example, a cutting machine such as a cutter (not shown) After the groove 11R was formed by cutting the peripheral portion of the shaft 20 of the rock 81A of the excavation target portion 7A using the pit, a discharge hole 51 was formed in the rock 81M surrounded by the groove 11R. The rock 81M may be crushed by inserting the discharge electrode 70 into the hole 51 and causing discharge.
- a plurality of holes extending from the upper surface 8la of the rock 81M of the excavation target portion 7A to the lower surface 81b of the rock 81M in the direction of excavation, which is the direction of the force, are orthogonal to the direction of excavation. What is necessary is just to form with the continuous hole connected mutually in the direction.
- the inner surface of the groove 11R functions as the free surface 3, so that the free surface 3 is used as described above.
- the shaft 20 can be excavated efficiently.
- a plurality of discharge holes 51 are formed at predetermined intervals on the trajectory of a spiral (or concentric circle) centered on the center of the upper surface 81a of the rock 81M of the excavation target portion 7A.
- the free surface 3 formed by the groove 11R formed in the peripheral portion of the shaft 20 of the rock 81A of the excavation target portion 7A is used, so that the free surface 3 formed on the groove 11R side is used.
- Discharging is performed in sequence from the discharge holes 51 located close to each other, so that the rock 81A of the excavated part 7A can be moved around the excavated part 7A (vertical shaft). 20 rim force) can be crushed.
- a plurality of discharge holes 51 are provided in each of the divided regions Rl to R4 divided into regions (for example, four regions Rl to R4).
- the inner surface of the groove 35 functions as the free surface 3
- the free surface 3 can be efficiently crushed for each of the plurality of regions R1 to R4 as described above, and the shaft 20 can be efficiently excavated. it can.
- the method of dividing the rock 81M by the groove 35 and the method of arranging the discharge holes 51 in each of the divided areas are not limited to those shown in FIG.
- the intensity distribution of 81A may be determined as appropriate.
- the outer surface of the crushing object 60 is used as a free surface, and the free surface force is formed at a location separated by a predetermined distance, for example, in the vicinity of the outer surface of the crushing object in the crushing object. It is also within the scope of the present invention that the object to be crushed is crushed by providing an electrolytic solution and a discharge electrode in the discharge hole and performing discharge. According to this, the object to be crushed can be efficiently crushed from the outer surface of the object to be crushed.
- a plurality of holes are provided in the excavation target portion 7 that extend in the cross shaft excavation traveling direction X to form a free surface on the inner surface. If a predetermined distance is provided in the direction perpendicular to the excavation traveling direction X, the free surface can be increased, so that the crossing can be efficiently excavated.
- Both the core hole 10 and the groove 30 that separates the part to be drilled 7, the core hole 10 and both the groove 30 that part of the part to be drilled 7, the groove 30 that separates the hole 10 and the part to be drilled 7 and the object to be drilled It is also possible to provide all of the grooves 30 that delimit a part of the part 7. In this case, the free surface 3 can be increased, and the rock can be crushed more efficiently.
- a continuous hole for forming a groove 13 by continuous drilling extending vertically and linearly is formed in the surface 9 of the excavation target portion 7 of the horizontal shaft.
- the groove 13 formed by drilling may be a groove formed by connecting a plurality of holes 12 extending in the excavation traveling direction X to each other in a direction orthogonal to the excavation traveling direction.
- a groove 13 formed by continuous drilling extending linearly to the left and right on the surface 9 of the excavation target portion 7 or a groove 13 formed by continuous drilling extending obliquely or curvedly on the surface 9 may be used.
- a plurality of discharge holes 51 extending to near the lower surface 81b of the bedrock 81 are provided in the excavated portion 7A without providing the free surface 3 by the core removal 40 and the groove 11R; 35, and
- the rock 81A may be crushed by suspending and discharging the discharge electrode 70 in the hole 51.
- the discharge electrode 70 can be positioned at an arbitrary position in the discharge hole 51 and discharge can be performed, and the rock 81A can be efficiently crushed. Can be excavated.
- a plurality of discharge holes 51 were provided in the excavation area 7A, which extended to near the lower surface 8 lb of the rock 81A.
- the discharge electrode 70 is suspended, the discharge electrode 70 is moved to several upper and lower positions in the discharge hole 51 and then stopped to perform discharge at the several positions, the discharge electrode 70 is formed after the discharge hole 51 is formed.
- the excavation work of the shaft 20 can be completed by performing the discharge work, the work efficiency can be improved, and the shaft 20 can be efficiently excavated.
- the 8 la side force on the upper surface of the rock 81A was also gradually crushed by the discharge crushing, and each time the crushing was completed, the discharge hole 5 from the upper 8 la of the rock 81A at that time.
- the discharge by the discharge electrode 60 in the discharge hole 51 causes the positional force close to the upper surface 8 la of the rock 81A of the excavation target portion 7A to the lower surface 8lb side of the rock 81 of the excavation target portion 7A in order.
- the shaft 20 can be efficiently excavated.
- the discharge by the discharge electrode 70 in the discharge hole 51 is close to 8 lb of the lower surface of the rock 81A of the excavation target part 7A and the excavation target part is sequentially arranged from the position. The same effect can be obtained by moving to the 8 la side of the upper surface of the 81A bedrock of 7A.
- the free surface can be increased, so that the pier 20 can be efficiently excavated.
- both the core hole 40 and the groove 11R, both the core hole 40 and the groove 12, and all the core hole 40, the groove 11R and the groove 12 may be provided.
- Ba Free surfaces 3 can be increased, and rock can be crushed more efficiently.
- the free surface extends from the upper surface 81a of the rock 81A of the excavation target portion 7A to the lower surface 81b of the rock 81A in the direction of force and a direction orthogonal to this direction. It may be formed by an inner surface such as a groove capable of generating a crack between the discharge hole 51 and the discharge hole 51 by a shock wave.
- the discharge electrode may be a discharge electrode having a discharge gap as a discharge portion.
- a discharge electrode formed by cutting a wire (wire) to form a discharge gap, or other forms of discharge electrode Discharge electrodes can be used.
- the discharge electrode can be used if a cartridge surrounding the discharge part of the discharge electrode is provided, and the cartridge is filled with the electrolyte and the discharge part is immersed in the electrolyte and sealed. Electrolyte leakage from the holes can be prevented. If a discharge electrode provided with such a cartridge is used, the discharge hole 51 may be provided with a discharge hole vertically penetrating the rock 81A.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (14)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004-106579 | 2004-03-31 | ||
JP2004106568 | 2004-03-31 | ||
JP2004-106550 | 2004-03-31 | ||
JP2004106579 | 2004-03-31 | ||
JP2004-106568 | 2004-03-31 | ||
JP2004106550 | 2004-03-31 | ||
JP2005047843A JP4167235B2 (ja) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-02-23 | 横坑の掘削方法 |
JP2005047932A JP4727256B2 (ja) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-02-23 | 放電破砕方法 |
JP2005047891A JP4167236B2 (ja) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-02-23 | 立坑の掘削方法 |
JP2005-047932 | 2005-02-23 | ||
JP2005-047843 | 2005-02-23 | ||
JP2005-047891 | 2005-02-23 | ||
JP2005048708A JP4202331B2 (ja) | 2005-02-24 | 2005-02-24 | 横坑の掘削方法 |
JP2005-048708 | 2005-02-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005095758A1 true WO2005095758A1 (ja) | 2005-10-13 |
Family
ID=35063833
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2005/005772 WO2005095758A1 (ja) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-03-28 | 破砕対象物を破砕する放電破砕方法、放電破砕方法を利用した横坑の掘削方法、並びに、立坑の掘削方法 |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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KR (1) | KR20070029152A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005095758A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2008018397A (ja) * | 2006-07-14 | 2008-01-31 | Kumagai Gumi Co Ltd | 放電破砕方法 |
JP2008055344A (ja) * | 2006-08-31 | 2008-03-13 | Kumagai Gumi Co Ltd | 放電破砕用充填材及びこれを用いた放電破砕方法 |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR102331732B1 (ko) * | 2019-12-17 | 2021-11-26 | (주)코틈 | 물의 급속 냉각 팽창력을 이용한 동결 발파와 물의 급속 가열에 의한 기화 팽창력을 융합한 미진동 터널 발파 공법 |
KR102566443B1 (ko) * | 2023-04-14 | 2023-08-14 | 주식회사 제이에스이앤씨 | 복수의 시추공으로 이루어진 단위 할렬공을 이용한 3자유면 무진동 암파쇄 굴착공법 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2846227B2 (ja) * | 1993-11-29 | 1999-01-13 | 株式会社熊谷組 | トンネル掘削工法 |
JP3107718B2 (ja) * | 1994-11-30 | 2000-11-13 | 日立造船株式会社 | 被破壊物の破壊方法 |
JP2001262845A (ja) * | 2000-03-14 | 2001-09-26 | Taihei Kogyo Co Ltd | 既設コンクリートを低騒音で斫る方法 |
-
2005
- 2005-03-28 WO PCT/JP2005/005772 patent/WO2005095758A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-03-28 KR KR1020067019961A patent/KR20070029152A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2846227B2 (ja) * | 1993-11-29 | 1999-01-13 | 株式会社熊谷組 | トンネル掘削工法 |
JP3107718B2 (ja) * | 1994-11-30 | 2000-11-13 | 日立造船株式会社 | 被破壊物の破壊方法 |
JP2001262845A (ja) * | 2000-03-14 | 2001-09-26 | Taihei Kogyo Co Ltd | 既設コンクリートを低騒音で斫る方法 |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2008018397A (ja) * | 2006-07-14 | 2008-01-31 | Kumagai Gumi Co Ltd | 放電破砕方法 |
JP4675849B2 (ja) * | 2006-07-14 | 2011-04-27 | 株式会社熊谷組 | 放電破砕方法 |
JP2008055344A (ja) * | 2006-08-31 | 2008-03-13 | Kumagai Gumi Co Ltd | 放電破砕用充填材及びこれを用いた放電破砕方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20070029152A (ko) | 2007-03-13 |
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