WO2005095204A1 - 潜水船 - Google Patents
潜水船 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005095204A1 WO2005095204A1 PCT/JP2005/006705 JP2005006705W WO2005095204A1 WO 2005095204 A1 WO2005095204 A1 WO 2005095204A1 JP 2005006705 W JP2005006705 W JP 2005006705W WO 2005095204 A1 WO2005095204 A1 WO 2005095204A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen
- fuel
- electrode
- hydrogen production
- voltage
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
- B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
- B63G8/08—Propulsion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
- B63C11/00—Equipment for dwelling or working underwater; Means for searching for underwater objects
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
- B63H2021/003—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the power plant using fuel cells for energy supply or accumulation, e.g. for buffering photovoltaic energy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0266—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
- C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a submarine such as a deep-sea submersible research vessel, a submarine, and a submarine equipped with a hydrogen production device for supplying hydrogen to a fuel cell.
- a submarine such as a deep-sea submersible research vessel, a submarine, and a submarine equipped with a hydrogen production device for supplying hydrogen to a fuel cell.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-1990
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-14444427
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-10-181685
- the metal hydride used is easier to handle than high-pressure hydrogen gas, but has a high reactivity, unlike fuels containing organic matter as a hydrogen source.Before the reaction, water, which is a hydrogen generation accelerator, is used. In addition, there is a need to devise measures to prevent contact with alcohol, and it is difficult to control the reaction.
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-185875
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-17464
- Non-Patent Document 1 “Development and Practical Use of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells”, pp. 141-166, May 28, 1990, published by the Technical Information Association of Japan
- Patent Documents 6 and 8 there are also known inventions of a method for generating hydrogen by an electrochemical reaction (see Patent Documents 6 and 8) and inventions of a fuel cell using hydrogen generated by an electrochemical method (see Patent Documents 7 to 9). ing.
- Patent Document 6 Patent No. 3 328 993
- Patent Document 7 Japanese Patent No. 33600349
- Patent Document 8 U.S. Patent No. 6,299,744, U.S. Patent No. 6,3688,492, U.S. Patent No. 6,432,284 Specification, U.S. Pat.No. 6,533,919, U.S. Pat.No. 2,003 / 02,266,639
- Patent Document 9 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-1990-977
- Patent Document 6 states that “a pair of electrodes is provided on opposite surfaces of a cation exchange membrane, A fuel containing at least methanol and water is brought into contact with an electrode including a catalyst provided in the above, and a voltage is applied to the pair of electrodes to extract electrons from the electrodes, thereby forming the electrodes on the electrodes. A reaction for generating hydrogen ions from the methanol and water proceeds, and the generated hydrogen ions are supplied to an electrode provided on the other side of the pair of opposing surfaces of the cation exchange membrane by supplying electrons. A method for generating hydrogen, comprising converting to hydrogen molecules. The invention according to claim 1 is described, and water or steam is supplied to the fuel electrode together with methanol as fuel, and a voltage is applied through an external circuit so as to extract electrons from the fuel electrode. By doing so, the fuel electrode
- step 14 hydrogen is generated, and a voltage is applied from the DC power supply 120 using the fuel electrode as an anode and the counter electrode as a force source to electrolyze organic fuel such as methanol, and hydrogen is generated.
- a voltage is applied from the DC power supply 120 using the fuel electrode as an anode and the counter electrode as a force source to electrolyze organic fuel such as methanol, and hydrogen is generated.
- This is on the opposite side of the fuel electrode and does not supply an oxidizing agent to the opposite electrode, which is clearly different from the hydrogen production apparatus mounted on the submarine of the present invention.
- Patent Document 9 discloses that a hydrogen generating electrode for generating hydrogen is provided in a fuel cell system (Claim 1).
- a porous electrode (fuel electrode) 1 is provided with alcohol and water.
- Supply liquid fuel containing air to the gas diffusion electrode (oxidant electrode) 2 on the opposite side. Is supplied, and a load is connected between the terminal of the porous electrode 1 and the terminal of the gas diffusion electrode 2.
- An electrical connection is established such that a positive potential is applied to the porous electrode 1.
- the alcohol reacts with water to generate carbon dioxide gas and hydrogen ions, and the generated hydrogen ions pass through the electrolyte layer 5 and are generated as hydrogen gas at the central gas diffusion electrode 6.
- a voltage is applied or not applied using a reactor having a diaphragm in which an anode (electrode A) and a cathode (electrode B) are formed via a proton conductive membrane (ion conductor).
- anode electrode A
- a cathode electrode B
- a proton conductive membrane ion conductor
- Patent Documents 10 and 11 Also known are methods for oxidizing alcohol (methanol) while extracting electric energy or (see Patent Documents 10 and 11), but in each case, alcohol is oxidized using an electrochemical cell. It relates to the process (products such as carbonic acid diester, formalin, methyl formate, dimethoxymethane, etc.), and not to the process of generating hydrogen, which is a reduced product from the viewpoint of alcohol.
- Patent Document 10 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-73582 (Claims 1 to 3, paragraph [050])
- Patent Document 11 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-735
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and can provide hydrogen easily to a fuel cell, and is equipped with a diving equipment equipped with a hydrogen producing apparatus capable of producing a gas containing hydrogen at a low temperature.
- the task is to provide ships.
- the present invention employs the following solutions.
- a fuel cell that supplies electricity by supplying hydrogen and an oxidant, a hydrogen production device that produces a gas containing hydrogen to be supplied to the fuel cell, and a propulsion driven by electricity generated by the fuel cell
- a hydrogen-producing device for decomposing a fuel containing organic matter to produce a gas containing hydrogen, a diaphragm, a fuel electrode provided on one surface of the diaphragm, Means for supplying a fuel containing an organic substance and water to the fuel electrode; an oxidizing electrode provided on the other surface of the diaphragm; means for supplying an oxidizing agent to the oxidizing electrode; generating a gas containing hydrogen from the fuel electrode side
- Submersible characterized in that it is equipped with means for taking it out.
- the hydrogen production apparatus is an open circuit having no means for extracting electric energy from the hydrogen production cell constituting the hydrogen production apparatus to the outside and means for externally applying electric energy to the hydrogen production cell.
- the submarine of the above-mentioned (1) which is characterized in that:
- the hydrogen production apparatus includes means for externally applying electric energy using the fuel electrode as a power source and the oxidizing electrode as an anode.
- a hydrogen production apparatus which is an open circuit having no means for extracting electric energy from the hydrogen production cell to the outside and a means for externally applying electric energy to the hydrogen production cell, wherein the fuel electrode is a negative electrode and the oxidation electrode is Two or more hydrogen production apparatuses selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen production apparatus having means for extracting electric energy to the outside as a positive electrode and a hydrogen production apparatus having means for externally applying electric energy using the fuel electrode as a force source and the oxidation electrode as an anode.
- the submarine of the above-mentioned (1) which is used in combination with a hydrogen production device.
- the hydrogen production apparatus adjusts the extracted electric energy to adjust the voltage between the fuel electrode and the oxidation electrode and the amount of generated gas containing Z or the hydrogen.
- the organic substance supplied to the fuel electrode of the hydrogen production apparatus is one or more organic substances selected from the group consisting of alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and ethers.
- the oxidant to be supplied to the oxidizing electrode of the hydrogen production device is a gas (oxygen off-gas) containing unreacted oxygen discharged from the fuel cell or another hydrogen production device. (21) submarine.
- the fuel containing hydrogen generated from the hydrogen production device is cooled without cooling.
- the hydrogen producing apparatus mounted on the submarine of the above (2) to (4) has a means for supplying a fuel and an oxidant to a hydrogen producing cell constituting the hydrogen producing apparatus.
- a pump, a blower or the like can be used.
- a discharge control means for extracting electric energy from the hydrogen production cell is provided, and in the case of the above (4), the electric energy is applied to the hydrogen production cell. It has an electrolysis means for performing this.
- the case (2) is an open circuit having no discharge control means for extracting electric energy from the hydrogen production cell and no electrolytic means for applying electric energy to the hydrogen production cell.
- the hydrogen production apparatus mounted on the submarine of the above (1) includes the hydrogen production apparatus mounted on the submarine of the above (2) to (4).
- the basic configuration of the hydrogen production cell that constitutes the hydrogen production apparatus includes a structure in which a fuel electrode is provided on one surface of a diaphragm, a structure for supplying fuel to the fuel electrode, and an oxidation electrode is provided on the other surface of the diaphragm. And a structure for supplying an oxidizing agent to the oxidizing electrode.
- the submersible of the present invention is equipped with a hydrogen production device that can reform fuel at a temperature significantly lower than the conventional reforming temperature of room temperature to 100 or less, so the time required for startup is In addition to shortening the reforming temperature, the energy for raising the temperature of the reformer can be reduced, and the size of the starting battery can be reduced. In addition, a heat insulating material for shutting off heat generated by the reforming device can be eliminated, and the gas containing hydrogen generated from the hydrogen production device can be easily supplied to the fuel tank without cooling. It has the effect of being able to do so.
- the hydrogen producing apparatus used in the submersible of the present invention can generate hydrogen without supplying electric energy from the outside to the hydrogen producing cell. Hydrogen can be generated even when a means for applying electric energy from the source is provided.
- the electric energy can be used to move auxiliary equipment such as pumps and blowers, and can be used as a part of the power supply for driving submersibles.
- the effect is great from the viewpoint of. Even when a means for applying electric energy from the outside is provided, by supplying a small amount of electric energy to the hydrogen production cell from the outside, it is possible to generate one or more hydrogen atoms. .
- the process control can be performed by monitoring the voltage of the hydrogen production cell and / or the amount of gas containing hydrogen, and the hydrogen production apparatus can be made more compact. This has the effect of reducing ship manufacturing costs.
- FIG. 1A is a diagram showing an example of a system flow of a fuel cell system in a submarine of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 (b) is a schematic diagram showing an example of the configuration of a packaged fuel cell power generator mounted on a submarine of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 (c) is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between a hydrogen production apparatus mounted on a submarine of the present invention and a fuel cell.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the hydrogen production cell (without supplying external electric energy) in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the air flow rate, the hydrogen generation rate, and the open voltage at different temperatures (30 to 70 ° C.) (Hydrogen Production Example 11).
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the open voltage and the rate of hydrogen generation at different temperatures (30 to 70 ° C.) (hydrogen production example 1-1).
- 6705 Figure 5 is a diagram showing the relationship (temperature 70 ⁇ ) between the air flow rate, the hydrogen generation rate, and the open voltage at different fuel flow rates (Hydrogen Production Examples 1-2).
- Figure 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between open voltage and hydrogen generation rate (temperature 70 ° C) at different fuel flow rates (hydrogen production examples 1-2).
- Fig. 7 is a graph showing the relationship (air temperature: 70 ° C) between the air flow rate, the hydrogen generation rate, and the open voltage at different fuel concentrations (Hydrogen Production Examples 13).
- Figure 8 is a diagram showing the relationship between open voltage and hydrogen generation rate (temperature 70 * C) at different fuel concentrations (Hydrogen Production Examples 13).
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the air flow rate, the hydrogen generation rate, and the open voltage in the electrolyte membranes having different thicknesses (hydrogen production examples 1-4).
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the open voltage and the rate of hydrogen generation in electrolyte membranes having different thicknesses (hydrogen production examples 114).
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the relationship between the air flow rate, the hydrogen generation rate, and the open voltage at different temperatures (30 to 90) (Hydrogen production example 1-5).
- Figure 12 is a diagram showing the relationship between the open voltage and the rate of hydrogen generation (oxidant: air) at different temperatures (30 to 99) (Examples of hydrogen production 15).
- Figure 13 is a diagram showing the relationship (air temperature: 50 ° C) between the air flow rate, the hydrogen generation rate, and the open voltage at different fuel flow rates (Hydrogen Production Example 16).
- Fig. 14 is a diagram showing the relationship between the open voltage and the hydrogen generation rate (temperature 50 ° C) at different fuel flow rates (Hydrogen production example 16).
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the relationship (at a temperature of 50) between the air flow rate, the hydrogen generation rate, and the open voltage at different fuel concentrations (hydrogen production examples 17 to 17).
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing the relationship between the open voltage and the rate of hydrogen generation (temperature 50) at different fuel concentrations (Hydrogen production example 17).
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the relationship (temperature 50) between the oxidizing gas flow rate, the hydrogen generation rate, and the open voltage at different oxygen concentrations (Hydrogen Production Example 18).
- Figure 18 shows the relationship between the open voltage and the rate of hydrogen generation (temperature 50 ° C) at different oxygen concentrations (Hydrogen Production Examples 1-8).
- Figure 20 shows the relationship between the open voltage and the rate of hydrogen production at different temperatures (30 to 90 ") is a diagram showing a (oxidant H 2 0 2) (hydrogen Example 1- 10).
- FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen production cell (in which means for extracting electric energy is employed) in the second embodiment. '
- Figure 22 shows the relationship between the extracted current density and operating voltage (discharge: temperature 50 "C) at different air flow rates (Hydrogen Production Example 2-1).
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a relationship between an operating voltage and a hydrogen generation rate (discharge: temperature: 50 °) at a different air flow rate (hydrogen production example 2-1).
- Fig. 24 is a diagram showing the relationship between the extracted current density and the rapid rotation voltage at different air flow rates (discharge: temperature 300 (Hydrogen production example 2-2)).
- Figure 25 is a diagram showing the relationship between the operating voltage and the hydrogen generation rate at different air flow rates (discharge: temperature 30 ⁇ ) (Example of hydrogen production 2-2).
- Figure 26 shows the relationship between the extracted current density and the operating voltage at different air flow rates (discharge: temperature 7 (Hydrogen production example 2-3)).
- Figure 27 is a diagram showing the relationship between the operating voltage and the hydrogen generation rate (discharge: temperature 70) at different air flow rates (hydrogen production example 2-3).
- Figure 28 is a diagram showing the relationship between the extracted current density and the operating voltage (discharge: temperature 90) at different air flow rates (hydrogen production example 2-4).
- Figure 29 shows the relationship between the operating voltage and the hydrogen generation rate (discharge: temperature 90) at different air flow rates (hydrogen production example 2-4).
- FIG. 30 is a graph showing the relationship between the extracted current density and the operating voltage at different temperatures (discharge: air flow rate 5 Oml / min).
- Figure 31 is a diagram showing the relationship between the operating voltage and the hydrogen generation rate at different temperatures (discharge: air flow rate 5 Oml / min).
- Fig. 32 is a diagram showing the relationship between the extracted current density and the operating voltage at different temperatures (discharge: air flow rate 100ml / min).
- Fig. 33 is a diagram showing the relationship between the operating voltage and the rate of hydrogen generation at different temperatures (discharge: air flow rate of 10 Oml).
- Figure 34 shows the relationship between the extracted current density and operating voltage (discharge: temperature 50 ° C) at different fuel flow rates (hydrogen production example 2-5).
- Figure 35 shows the relationship between operating voltage and hydrogen generation rate at different fuel flow rates (discharge: at a temperature of 50) (Hydrogen Production Example 2-5).
- Figure 36 shows the relationship between the extracted current density and operating voltage (discharge: temperature 50) at different fuel concentrations (hydrogen production example 2-6).
- FIG. 37 is a diagram showing the relationship between the operating voltage and the hydrogen generation rate (discharge: temperature of 50 ° C.) at different fuel concentrations (hydrogen production example 2-6).
- Figure 38 shows the relationship between the extracted current density and the operating voltage (discharge: at a temperature of 50) at different oxygen concentrations (hydrogen production example 2-7).
- Figure 39 shows the relationship between the operating voltage and the rate of hydrogen generation at different oxygen concentrations (discharge: at a temperature of 50) (Hydrogen production example 2-7).
- FIG. 42 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen production cell (provided with means for externally applying electric energy) in Example 3.
- Figure 43 shows the relationship between the applied current density and the rate of hydrogen generation at different air flow rates (charging: at a temperature of 50) (Hydrogen Production Example 3-1).
- Fig. 4 shows the relationship between operating voltage and hydrogen generation rate at different air flow rates (charging: temperature 50) (Hydrogen production example 3-1).
- Figure 45 is a diagram showing the relationship between the applied current density and the operating voltage at different air flow rates (charging: temperature 50 ° C) (Hydrogen Production Example 3-1).
- Figure 46 is a diagram showing the relationship between operating voltage and energy efficiency at different air flow rates (charging: at a temperature of 50) (Hydrogen production example 3-1).
- Fig. 47 is a diagram showing the relationship between the applied current density and the rate of ⁇ K element generation at different air flow rates (charging: temperature 3) (Hydrogen production example 3-2).
- Figure 48 shows the relationship between operating voltage and hydrogen generation rate at different air flow rates (charging: (Hydrogen production example 3-2).
- Figure 49 shows the relationship between operating voltage and energy efficiency (charging: temperature 30) at different air flow rates (Hydrogen production example 3-2).
- Figure 50 is a diagram showing the relationship between the applied current density and the rate of hydrogen generation (charging: temperature 70) at different air flow rates (hydrogen production example 3-3).
- Fig. 51 is a diagram showing the relationship between the operating voltage and the hydrogen generation rate (charging: temperature 70) at different air flow rates (hydrogen production example 3-3).
- Figure 52 shows the relationship between operating voltage and energy efficiency (charging: temperature 70 ° C) at different air flow rates (Hydrogen production example 3-3).
- Figure 53 is a diagram showing the relationship between the applied current density and the hydrogen generation rate (charge: temperature 90 :) at different air flow rates (hydrogen production example 3-4).
- Figure 54 shows the relationship between operating voltage and hydrogen generation rate at different air flow rates (charging: temperature 90) (Hydrogen production example 3-4).
- Figure 55 shows the relationship between the switching voltage and energy efficiency at different air flow rates (charging: temperature 90 ⁇ ) (Hydrogen production example 3-4).
- Fig. 56 is a diagram showing the relationship between the applied current density and the hydrogen generation rate at different temperatures (charging: air flow rate of 50 ml Z minutes).
- Fig. 57 is a diagram showing the relationship between operating voltage and hydrogen generation rate at different temperatures (charging: air flow rate 50ml / min).
- Fig. 58 shows the relationship between operating voltage and energy efficiency at different temperatures (charging: air flow rate 50ml / min).
- Fig. 59 is a diagram showing the relationship between the applied current density and the hydrogen generation rate (charging: temperature 0) at different fuel flow rates (hydrogen production example 3-5).
- Figure 60 shows the relationship between operating voltage and hydrogen generation rate at different fuel flow rates (charging: temperature 50 ° C) (Hydrogen production example 3-5).
- Fig. 61 shows the relationship between operating voltage and energy efficiency (charging: temperature 50) at different fuel flow rates (hydrogen production example 3-5).
- Figure 62 is a diagram showing the relationship between the applied current density and the rate of hydrogen generation at different fuel concentrations (charging: temperature 50 ° C) (Hydrogen Production Example 3-6).
- Figure 63 is a diagram showing the relationship between operating voltage and hydrogen generation rate at different fuel concentrations (charging: temperature 50 ⁇ ) '(Hydrogen Production Example 3-6).
- Figure 64 shows the relationship between operating voltage and energy efficiency (charging: temperature 50) at different fuel concentrations (Hydrogen production example 3-6).
- Fig. 65 is a graph showing the relationship between the applied current density and the rate of hydrogen generation at different oxygen concentrations (charging: at a temperature of 50) (Example of hydrogen production 3-7).
- Figure 66 shows the relationship between the operating voltage and the hydrogen production rate (charge: temperature 50) at different oxygen concentrations (Hydrogen production example 3-7).
- Figure 67 shows the relationship between operating voltage and energy efficiency (charge: temperature 50 ⁇ ) at different oxygen concentrations (Hydrogen Production Example 3-7).
- Figure 68 is different from the relationship between the current density and the hydrogen production rate was applied at a temperature: is a diagram showing a (charging 2 0 2 oxidizing agent H) (hydrogen Preparation 3-8).
- Figure 69 shows the relationship between the driving voltages at different temperatures and hydrogen production rate (charging: is a diagram showing the 2 0 2> oxidizing agent H (hydrogen Preparation 3-8).
- FIG. 70 is a diagram showing a (charging oxidant H 2 0 2) (hydrogen Preparation 3-8).
- Figure 71 shows the relationship between the air flow rate and the hydrogen generation rate (open circuit: temperature) (Example 8).
- Figure 72 shows the relationship between the open voltage and the hydrogen generation rate (open circuit: temperature 5 Ot) (Example 8). Explanation of symbols
- 1,0 hydrogen production cell 11 diaphragm, 12 fuel electrode, 13 flow path for supplying fuel containing organic matter and water (aqueous methanol solution) to fuel electrode 12, 14 oxidation electrode (air electrode), 15 oxidation Flow path for supplying agent (air) to oxidizing electrode (air electrode) 14, 16 fuel pump, 1 ⁇ air blower,
- Fuel flow control 19 Air flow control valve, 20 Fuel tank, 21 Fuel control tank, 22 Voltage regulator, 23 Gas-liquid separator (separates gas containing hydrogen and unreacted methanol aqueous solution), 24 Hydrogen tank, 2 5 A conduit for returning the unreacted methanol aqueous solution to the fuel adjustment tank 21
- the hydrogen production apparatus mounted on the submersible of the present invention is basically a novel one, and the following is merely an example, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the basic configuration of the submarine of the present invention is as follows: a fuel cell that supplies hydrogen and an oxidant to generate power; a hydrogen production device that produces gas containing hydrogen to be supplied to the fuel cell; And a propulsion device driven by electricity generated by the battery.
- FIG. 1 (a) shows an example of a system flow of the fuel cell system in the submarine of the present invention.
- the submarine of the present invention includes a fuel cell (30) for generating electricity by supplying hydrogen and an oxidant, and hydrogen for supplying to the fuel cell (30).
- a hydrogen production cell (10) for producing gas a power converter (36) for converting DC power generated by a fuel cell (30) to a predetermined power, and a controller (37) for controlling the entire power generator.
- auxiliary equipment such as a fuel pump (16) and a blower (17) are preferably mounted as a packaged fuel cell power generator.
- the control unit (3) 7 can be placed near the hydrogen production cell (10).
- a heat insulating material for protecting the control device (37) from the heat generated by the hydrogen production cell (10) can be dispensed with.
- the fuel tank (20) and the fuel regulating tank (21) are mounted on the submersible.
- the fuel methanol aqueous solution
- the fuel adjustment tank (21) may be mounted on the submersible.
- Gas containing hydrogen generated from the hydrogen production cell (10) can be supplied directly to the fuel cell (30).
- a hydrogen tank (24) for storing gas containing hydrogen is provided, and a hydrogen tank (24) is provided. It is preferable to supply from 24) to the fuel cell (30).
- a gas-liquid separator (23) for separating the hydrogen-containing gas and the unreacted methanol aqueous solution and to circulate the unreacted methanol aqueous solution to the hydrogen production cell (10).
- a gas-liquid separator (27) that separates the produced water and the unreacted aqueous methanol solution from the oxygen off-gas may be provided.
- a backup battery may be provided in addition to the above.
- the hydrogen production apparatus mounted on a submarine of the present invention has a hydrogen production cell (10) and auxiliary equipment for operating the hydrogen production apparatus:
- Hydrogen production cell In the structure of (10), a fuel electrode (12) is provided on one side of the diaphragm (11), and a flow path (13) for supplying a fuel (aqueous methanol solution) containing organic matter and water to the fuel electrode (12). ), An oxidizing electrode (14) is provided on the other surface of the diaphragm (11), and a flow path (15) for supplying an oxidizing agent (air) to the oxidizing electrode (14) is provided. is there.
- a fuel pump (16) for supplying an aqueous methanol solution to the fuel electrode (12) is provided as an auxiliary device for operating the hydrogen production system.
- the flow path (13) at the anode is connected to the fuel pump (16) via a flow control valve (18) by a conduit.
- the fuel (100% methanol) is stored in the fuel tank (20) and is transferred to the fuel tank (21), where it is mixed with water in the fuel tank (21). It is adjusted to an aqueous solution and supplied to the fuel electrode (12).
- a blower (17) is provided as an auxiliary device, and air is directly supplied to the oxidation electrode (14).
- the oxygen from the oxidant storage device is supplied to the fuel cell (30) by the blower (17), and the unreacted oxygen ( Oxygen off-gas) is used.
- the oxygen off-gas discharged from the oxygen electrode (34) of the fuel cell (30) to the hydrogen production cell (10
- a blower for the hydrogen production cell (10) becomes unnecessary.
- the flow path (15) at the oxidation electrode of the hydrogen production cell (10) is connected to the blower (17) via a flow control valve (19) and a fuel cell (30).
- the oxygen off-gas has a temperature (about 80 ° C.) substantially equal to the operating temperature of the fuel cell (30), this protects the control device (37) from the fuel cell (30).
- the heat of the oxygen off-gas can be used as a heat source for heating the hydrogen production cell (10).
- oxygen (air) supplied to the oxidation electrode (14) of one hydrogen production cell (10) is used as the oxygen (air) of the other hydrogen production cell (10).
- Oxygen off-gas (exhaust air) exhausted from the facility can be used.
- electric energy is supplied to the fuel pump (16) and the blower (17) and operated, and when the flow control valve (18) is opened, the fuel pump (16) operates.
- the aqueous methanol solution is supplied from the fuel regulating tank (21) to the fuel electrode (12) through the flow path (13), and when the flow regulating valve (19) is opened, the oxygen from the oxidant storage device is blown by the blower (17). Is supplied to the oxidation electrode (14) through the fuel cell (30), through the flow path (15).
- the amount of gas containing hydrogen can be controlled by the supply of fuel and oxygen (air) by providing a voltage regulator (22) that monitors the voltage (open circuit voltage or operating voltage) of the hydrogen production cell (10). It can be adjusted by controlling the amount or concentration, and the electrical energy to be extracted or the electrical energy to be applied.
- the generated gas containing hydrogen is passed through a gas-liquid separator (23) to be separated into a gas containing hydrogen and an aqueous solution of unreacted methanol, and the gas containing hydrogen is stored in a hydrogen tank (24). Part or all of the separated unreacted aqueous methanol solution is returned to the fuel conditioning tank (21) by the conduit (25) and circulated. In some cases, water may be supplied from outside the system.
- the oxygen off-gas discharged from the hydrogen production device contains unreacted water and the aqueous solution of methanol that has permeated from the fuel electrode due to the crossover phenomenon, this oxygen off-gas is
- the produced water and the unreacted aqueous methanol solution are separated through a liquid separator (27), carbon dioxide is removed by a carbon dioxide remover (28), and then discharged into the atmosphere.
- Part or all of the separated product water and unreacted methanol aqueous solution is returned to the fuel conditioning tank (21) by the conduit (29) and circulated.
- the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen tank (24) is supplied to the hydrogen electrode (32) of the fuel cell (30) through the flow control valve (26), and the blower (.1) is supplied to the oxygen electrode (34). From 7), oxygen is supplied via the flow control valve (19), and the reaction of equation [1] occurs on the hydrogen electrode side, and the reaction of equation [2] occurs on the oxygen electrode side. The reaction of equation [3] occurs, producing water (steam) 'and generating electricity (DC power).
- any fuel can be used as long as the fuel is hydrogen, but a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) that can be operated at a low temperature of 100 ° C or less is preferable.
- PEFC polymer electrolyte fuel cell
- a fuel cell stack in which a plurality of well-known single cells are stacked can be employed.
- One single cell consists of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane (31) called Naphion (trademark of DuPont), a hydrogen electrode (32) and an oxygen electrode (34), which are diffusion electrodes sandwiching it from both sides, and It is equipped with two separate evenings sandwiched between the two.
- Irregularities are formed on both sides of the separator, and gas channels (33) and (35) are formed in the single cell between the sandwiched hydrogen electrode and oxygen electrode.
- the supplied hydrogen gas is supplied to the gas flow path (33) formed between the oxygen electrode and the single cell gas flow path (33) formed between the hydrogen electrode and the oxygen electrode. ), Oxygen is flowing respectively.
- H 20 water vapor (H 20 ) is generated according to Equation [2], so that the oxygen off-gas discharged from the fuel cell contains a large amount of water vapor. ing.
- the oxygen off-gas discharged from the oxygen electrode (34) of the fuel cell (30) is not sent to the hydrogen production cell (10), the water vapor contained in the oxygen off-gas is condensed by the condenser and recovered as water Is preferred.
- Power generation by the fuel cell (30) involves heat generation.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell PEFC
- the polymer electrolyte membrane shows proton conductivity in a state of containing water, so the polymer electrolyte membrane dries as the fuel cell generates heat, and the water content becomes lower. If it decreases, the internal resistance of the fuel cell increases and the power generation capacity decreases.
- the hydrogen production system since the hydrogen production system operates at low temperature, it is not necessary to provide a heater for raising the temperature as shown in Fig. 1 (b) and (c), but it may be provided if necessary .
- the reformed gas and Z or the reaction air were humidified before being supplied to the fuel cell main body.
- a gas containing hydrogen is extracted from the fuel electrode side, which supplies a fuel containing an organic substance and water (such as an aqueous methanol solution). Since the hydrogen is humidified, a humidifier is not required.
- the gas containing hydrogen generated from the hydrogen production cell (10) is not as hot as the reformed gas produced by the conventional reformer, it must be supplied to the fuel cell (30) without cooling. Can be.
- the DC power generated by the fuel cell (30) is introduced into the power converter (36) and boosted by the DC / DC converter or converted to AC power by the DC / AC inverter and output.
- the DC power stabilized by the auxiliary converter is It is used as a drive power source for auxiliary equipment such as a fuel pump (16) and a blower (17), and AC power is used as a drive power source for submersibles.
- control device (37) is equipped with a voltage regulator (22) of the hydrogen production cell (10), a fuel cell (30), a power converter (36), a fuel pump (16), a blower ( 17) Control the operation of auxiliary equipment such as.
- a well-known means including a motor and a propeller for propulsion mounted on a rotating shaft of the motor can be used.
- the DC power generated by the fuel cell is converted to AC power by the DCZAC inverter as described above, supplied to the motor that is the power source of the submarine, and drives the motor, and the motor rotates on the rotating shaft.
- the mounted propulsion propeller is driven to rotate.
- the electricity generated by the fuel cell is also supplied to foresight sonars, floodlights, and observation equipment.
- an electric energy storage device for storing electricity generated in the fuel cell.
- the electricity generated by the fuel cell is supplied to the motor and the electric energy storage device according to the load of the motor and the amount of electricity stored in the electric energy storage device by using the control device.
- the control device for example, when the load of the motor is large, such as during acceleration, the electricity from the fuel cell and the electric energy storage device is supplied to the motor. Also, during deceleration, braking, etc., regenerative power obtained from the motor is supplied to the electric energy storage device.
- the electric energy storage device for example, a secondary battery, an electric double layer capacity, or the like can be used.
- the hydrogen production cell (10) in the hydrogen production apparatus mounted on the submarine of the present invention includes a diaphragm (11), and a fuel electrode (12) provided on one surface of the diaphragm (11).
- the basic configuration consists of an oxide electrode (14) provided on the other surface of the diaphragm (1 ⁇ ).
- MEA electroactive metal electrode assembly
- the method for producing MEA is not limited, but it can be produced by a method similar to the conventional method in which the fuel electrode and the air electrode are joined to both surfaces of the diaphragm by hot pressing.
- a proton conductive solid electrolyte membrane used as a polymer electrolyte membrane in a fuel cell can be used.
- Proton conductive solid electrolyte membrane For example, a perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid-based membrane having a sulfonic acid group such as a Naphion membrane manufactured by DuPont is preferred.
- the fuel electrode and the oxidizing electrode are preferably electrodes having conductivity and catalytic activity.
- a catalyst in which a gas diffusion layer supports a noble metal on a carrier made of carbon powder or the like is used. It can be prepared by applying and drying a catalyst paste containing a binder such as PTFE resin and a substance for imparting ion conductivity such as Nafion solution.
- the gas diffusion layer a layer made of water-repellent bonbon paper or the like is preferable.
- Any catalyst can be used as the fuel electrode catalyst, but a catalyst in which a platinum-ruthenium alloy is supported on carbon powder is preferable.
- any catalyst can be used as the air electrode catalyst, a catalyst in which platinum is supported on carbon powder is preferable.
- fuel containing organic matter such as aqueous methanol solution is supplied to the fuel electrode, and oxidizing agents such as air, oxygen, and hydrogen peroxide are supplied to the oxidizing electrode (air electrode). Then, under specific conditions, a gas containing hydrogen is generated at the anode.
- the hydrogen generation method of the hydrogen production device mounted on the submersible of the present invention is completely different from the hydrogen generation method of the conventional hydrogen production device, and it is difficult to explain the mechanism at present. The following is an estimate at the moment, but the possibility that a completely new reaction has occurred cannot be denied.
- the hydrogen producing apparatus mounted on the submersible of the present invention generates hydrogen-containing gas at a low temperature of 30 to 90 ° C and from the fuel electrode side supplying methanol and water. It is.
- a gas with a hydrogen concentration of about 70 to 80% is generated, and when electric energy is externally applied to the hydrogen production cell, 80% or more Gas with a hydrogen concentration of
- the generation of the gas depends on the open circuit voltage or operating voltage of both electrodes. From these results, the mechanism of hydrogen generation is estimated as follows.
- the explanation will be made under the open circuit condition. For example, when methanol is used as a fuel in a hydrogen production device, As in the case of the direct methanol fuel cell, it is considered that the catalyst first generates protons.
- H + (proton) moves through the proton conductive solid electrolyte membrane, and causes the following reaction with the gas or oxygen containing oxygen supplied to the oxidation electrode at the oxidation electrode.
- the e- generated by the reaction of the formula (1) is not supplied to the oxidation electrode through the external circuit. In order for the reaction to take place, another reaction must take place at the cathode to supply e-.
- Equation (1) becomes the positive electrode and Equation (4) becomes the negative electrode
- Eq. (1) functions as the negative electrode
- Eq. (4) functions as the positive electrode.
- the whole area of the fuel electrode is equipotential, it is necessary to shift the methanol oxidation potential to the lower potential side or shift the hydrogen generation potential to the higher potential side.
- discharge condition In the case of the hydrogen production apparatus (hereinafter referred to as “discharge condition”) mounted on the submarine of the invention according to claim 3 of the present application, the hydrogen production mechanism under the open circuit condition is similar to the hydrogen production mechanism. Is considered to have occurred. However, unlike the open circuit condition, H + equivalent to the discharge current moves from the fuel electrode to the oxidizing electrode, and it is necessary to maintain the electrical neutral condition of the entire cell. Equation (1) is considered to proceed from equation (1), and equation (2) proceeds from equation (3) for the oxidation electrode.
- the energy efficiency increases when the supply amount of oxygen (air) is small and the applied voltage (operating voltage) is as low as 400 to 60 OmV. This is because, in this range, even in the open circuit condition or the discharge condition in which electric energy is not supplied from the outside as described above, the oxidation of methanol permeating to the air electrode side by the formula (6) is suppressed.
- (3) the H + generation reaction is dominant, and the but is estimated that the hydrogen is generated by the H + generation reaction of (4), in the case of the charging condition, electric energy is applied from outside
- the meaning of the potential of the cell will be described. In general, the voltage of a cell in which gas electrodes are formed on both electrodes with an electrolyte membrane sandwiched between it and the electrode that conducts in the electrolyte It is caused by the difference in chemical potential between the two poles of the catalyst.
- the electric energy is not supplied to the water cell production cell from the outside, the electric energy is taken out externally, or the electric energy is applied from the outside.
- the voltage open circuit voltage or operating voltage
- the amount of gas containing hydrogen can be adjusted.
- the open circuit voltage or operating voltage and / or the amount of gas containing hydrogen (the rate of hydrogen generation) are shown in the following examples.
- Oxygen, oxidant (gas containing oxygen or oxygen, hydrogen peroxide) Adjusting the supply of oxygen-containing gas), adjusting the supply of fuel containing organic matter, and adjusting the concentration of fuel containing organic matter It can be adjusted by adjusting.
- the fuel containing organic matter can be decomposed in 10 or less, so that the operating temperature of the hydrogen production apparatus can be 100 or less.
- the operating temperature is preferably between 30 and 9 Ot.
- the fuel containing organic matter may be any liquid or gaseous fuel that permeates through a proton-conductive membrane and is oxidized electrochemically to generate protons, such as methanol, ethanol, Liquid fuels containing alcohols such as ethylene glycol and 2-propanol, aldehydes such as formaldehyde, carboxylic acids such as formic acid, and ethers such as getyl ether are preferred.
- the fuel containing organic matter is supplied together with water, a solution containing alcohol and water, among which an aqueous solution containing methanol is preferable.
- the aqueous solution containing methanol as an example of the fuel described above is a solution containing at least methanol and water, and its concentration can be arbitrarily selected in a region where a gas containing hydrogen is generated.
- a gaseous or liquid oxidizing agent can be used as the oxidizing agent.
- a gas containing oxygen or oxygen is preferable.
- the oxygen concentration of the gas containing oxygen is particularly preferably 10% or more.
- a liquid oxidizing agent a liquid containing hydrogen peroxide is preferred.
- the fuel supplied to the hydrogen production device is consumed at one time in the device, Since the rate of decomposition into hydrogen is low, it is preferable to increase the conversion rate to hydrogen by providing fuel circulation means.
- the hydrogen production apparatus mounted on the submersible of the present invention is provided with a means for extracting gas containing hydrogen from the fuel electrode side and recovers hydrogen.
- a means for extracting gas containing hydrogen from the fuel electrode side Preferably, carbon dioxide is also recovered. Since the operation is performed at a temperature as low as 100 ⁇ or less, a carbon dioxide absorbing section for absorbing carbon dioxide contained in the gas containing hydrogen can be provided by simple means.
- Example 1 The hydrogen production cell in Example 1 (Production Examples 11-1 to 11-10) had the same structure as a typical direct methanol fuel cell.
- Fig. 2 shows an outline of the hydrogen production cell.
- a proton conductive electrolyte membrane (Nafion 115) manufactured by DuPont was used for the electrolyte, and carbon paper (manufactured by Toray) was immersed in a 5% concentration polytetrafluoroethylene ethylene dispersion for the air electrode. And then water-repellent, and apply an air electrode catalyst paste prepared by mixing air electrode catalyst (platinum-supported carbon: Tanaka Kikinzoku), PTFE fine powder and 5% Nafion solution (Aldrich) on one surface Thus, a gas diffusion layer with an air electrode catalyst was formed.
- the weight ratio of the air electrode catalyst, PTFE, and Nafion was 65%: 15%: 20%.
- the catalyst amount of the air electrode thus produced was 1 mg / cm 2 in terms of platinum.
- the same method is used to treat the carbon paper with water-repellent water, and then, on one surface, a fuel electrode catalyst (platinum ruthenium-supported carbon: made by Tanaka Kikinzoku), a PTFE fine powder, and a 5% naphion solution mixed. Apply paste to fuel electrode catalyst To form a gas diffusion layer.
- a fuel electrode catalyst platinum ruthenium-supported carbon: made by Tanaka Kikinzoku
- PTFE fine powder a 5% naphion solution mixed.
- the above-mentioned electrolyte membrane, the gas diffusion layer with the air electrode catalyst, and the gas diffusion layer with the fuel electrode catalyst were joined by hot pressing at 140 ° C. and 100 kgZcm 2 to produce MEA.
- the MEA thus produced had an effective electrode area of 60.8 cm 2 .
- the thicknesses of the catalyst layers of the cathode and anode after fabrication, and the gas diffusion layers of the cathode and anode were approximately the same at about 30 m and 170 Atm, respectively.
- the above MEA is provided with a flow path for flowing air and a flow path for fuel, and a graphite electrode separator plate and fuel electrode impregnated with phenolic resin to prevent gas leakage.
- the unit was sandwiched between separate plates to form a single cell.
- silicone rubber packing was installed around the MEA to prevent fuel and air leaks.
- the hydrogen production cell prepared in this way is installed in a hot-air circulation type electric furnace.
- a cell temperature (operating temperature) of 30 to 70 air is supplied to the air electrode side at a flow rate of 0 to 400 m1 / min.
- a 0.5 M to 2 M aqueous methanol solution (fuel) flows through the electrode at a flow rate of 2 to 15 m 1 / min, and the voltage difference between the fuel electrode and the air electrode (open voltage) at that time is generated on the fuel electrode side
- the amount of gas to be used and the gas composition were examined.
- the flow rate of the aqueous methanol solution (fuel) into the cell was kept constant at 8 m / min, and the air flow rate was changed at each temperature of 30 ° C, 50 ° C, and 70, and gas generated from the fuel electrode side was changed.
- the underwater displacement method was used to measure the amount of gas generated.
- the hydrogen concentration in the generated gas was analyzed by gas chromatography to determine the hydrogen generation rate.
- Figure 3 shows the results.
- Fig. 4 summarizes the results of Fig. 3 as the relationship between open circuit voltage and hydrogen generation rate. This indicates that the hydrogen generation rate (hydrogen generation amount) tends to depend on the open-circuit voltage, and that hydrogen is generated at an open-circuit voltage of 400 to 60 OmV. At all temperatures, the peak of hydrogen generation rate was observed at around 45 OmV.
- gas was generated under the conditions of a temperature of 70 ° C, a fuel flow rate of 8 m1 / min, and an air flow rate of 120 ml, and the hydrogen concentration in the gas was measured using gas chromatography. As a result, it was confirmed that the generated gas contained about 70% hydrogen and about 15% carbon dioxide. CO was not detected.
- Hydrogen production example 11 Using the same hydrogen production cell as in 1, then, at a cell temperature of 70 ° C, a 1M methanol aqueous solution (fuel) was flowed at flow rates of 2, 8, and 15 ml / min.
- Figure 5 shows the relationship between the fuel flow rate, the air flow rate, the hydrogen generation rate, and the open circuit voltage of the cell when the air flow rate was changed.
- Hydrogen production example 1 In 1-1 to 1-3, Naphion 1115 (thickness 130 m) manufactured by DuPont was used for the electrolyte membrane, but Nafion 1 12 (thickness 50 u) manufactured by DuPont was also used. rn), a similar hydrogen production cell was constructed at a temperature of 70 * C, a fuel concentration of 1 M, and a fuel flow rate of 8 mlZ min.The fuel flow rate and air flow were varied when the air flow rate was changed, respectively. The relationship between the amount and the rate of hydrogen generation and the open circuit voltage of the cell was studied. 'The materials of Nafion 1115 and 112 are the same, and here the effect of pure electrolyte membrane thickness was considered. Figure 9 shows the results of the study.
- Figure 10 summarizes the results of Figure 9 as the relationship between open circuit voltage and hydrogen generation rate.
- Hydrogen production example 11 Using the same hydrogen production cell as in 1-1, the hydrogen production cell was placed in a hot-air circulation type electric furnace, and at a cell temperature of 30, 50, 790, and at the air electrode side. Air flows at a flow rate of 0 to 250 m1 for 1 minute and a 1 M aqueous methanol solution (fuel) flows at a fuel electrode side at a flow rate of 5 ml / min. The hydrogen generation rate was studied. .
- Figure 11 shows the relationship between the air flow rate and the hydrogen generation rate.
- Fig. 12 summarizes the results of Fig. 11 as the relationship between open circuit voltage and hydrogen generation rate. This indicates that the hydrogen generation rate tends to depend on the open-circuit voltage, and that hydrogen is generated at an open-circuit voltage of 300 to 70 OmV. At 30 to 70 ° C, the peak of the hydrogen generation rate was observed at around 470 to 48 OmV, and at 90 at around 44 OmV.
- Fig. 13 shows the relationship between the fuel flow rate, the air flow rate, and the hydrogen generation rate when the air flow rate was changed.
- Fig. 14 summarizes the results of Fig. 13 as the relationship between the open circuit power JE and the hydrogen generation rate. From this, it was found that the hydrogen generation rate under each condition depends on the open circuit voltage, and hydrogen is generated at 300 to 70 OmV. In addition, a peak of the hydrogen generation rate was observed around 450 to 500 mV.
- Fig. 16 summarizes the results of Fig. 15 as the relationship between open circuit voltage and hydrogen generation rate. From this, the hydrogen generation rate under each condition depends on the open circuit voltage,
- Hydrogen production example 11 Using the same hydrogen production cell as in 1 (where the air electrode was an oxidation electrode through which oxidizing gas flows), at a cell temperature of 501, a fuel concentration of 1 M, a fuel flow rate of 5 ml / min, and an oxygen concentration of Figure 17 shows the relationship between the oxidizing gas flow rate and the hydrogen generation rate when the oxidizing gas flow rate was changed under the conditions of 10, 21, 40, and 100%, respectively.
- air was used for a gas with an oxygen concentration of 21%, and air was prepared by mixing nitrogen with air for a gas with an oxygen concentration of 10%, and oxygen (oxygen concentration) was used for a gas with an oxygen concentration of 40%. 100%) was used.
- the peak of the hydrogen generation rate was observed where the oxidizing gas flow rate was smaller as the oxygen concentration was higher. .
- Figure 18 summarizes the results of Figure 17 as the relationship between open circuit voltage and hydrogen generation rate. From this, the hydrogen generation rate under each condition depends on the open circuit voltage,
- Hydrogen production example 11 Using the same hydrogen production cell as in 1, at a cell temperature of 50, flow 60 ml of air on the air electrode side for Z minutes and 1 M aqueous methanol solution (fuel) on the fuel electrode side. Gas was generated at a flow rate of 6 ml / min, and gas was generated. A 200 cc sample was sampled, and the CO concentration in the gas was measured using gas chromatography. As a result, no CO was detected from the sampling gas (lppm or less). Under these conditions, the open circuit voltage of the cell was 477 mV, and the hydrogen generation rate was about 10 ml / min.
- Hydrogen production example 11 The hydrogen production cell was installed in a hot-air circulation type electric furnace using the same hydrogen production cell as in 1-1 (however, the air electrode was an oxidation electrode through which liquid hydrogen peroxide flows). cell temperature 30 ° C, 50 ° C, 70 ° C, at 90t, the flow rate of. 1 to 8 M.1 Z min of H 2 ⁇ 2 1M in oxidizing electrode side (hydrogen peroxide), the fuel electrode side 1 An M aqueous methanol solution (fuel) was flowed at a flow rate of 5 m1 and the open circuit voltage of the cell and the rate of hydrogen generation on the fuel electrode side were examined.
- Fig. 20 summarizes the results of Fig. 19 as the relationship between open circuit voltage and hydrogen generation rate. This indicates that the hydrogen generation rate tends to depend on the open-circuit voltage, and that hydrogen is generated at an open-circuit voltage of 300 to 60 OmV. At 30 to 50 ° C, the peak of the hydrogen generation rate was observed at around 50 OmV, and at 70 to 90 ° C, it was observed at around 45 OmV.
- Example 1 no current or voltage was applied to the hydrogen production cell from the outside at all, and only the internal impedance The point is that only the fuel and oxidizer are supplied while measuring the circuit voltage.
- FIG. 21 schematically shows a hydrogen production cell provided with means for extracting electric energy in Example 2 (Production Example 2— :! to 2-8).
- the hydrogen production cell has the same structure as the hydrogen production cell of Hydrogen Production Example 11-1, except that a means for extracting electric energy using the fuel electrode as a negative electrode and the air electrode as a positive electrode is provided.
- This hydrogen production cell is installed in a hot-air circulation type electric furnace.
- a cell temperature (operating temperature) of 50 air is supplied to the air electrode side from 10 to: L 0 0 m 1 flow rate per minute, and to the fuel electrode side A 1 M aqueous methanol solution (fuel) is flowed at a flow rate of 5 ml Z.
- the current flowing between the air electrode and the fuel electrode is changed, and the operating voltage of the fuel electrode and the air electrode is generated on the fuel electrode side.
- the gas amount and gas composition were examined.
- the hydrogen concentration in the generated gas was analyzed by gas chromatography to determine the hydrogen generation rate.
- Figure 22 shows the relationship between the extracted current density and operating voltage in this test. As the air flow rate decreased, the operating voltage decreased, and a decrease in the critical current density at which discharge was possible was observed.
- Figure 23 summarizes the results of Figure 2 as the relationship between operating voltage and hydrogen generation rate. This indicates that the hydrogen generation rate (hydrogen generation amount) tends to depend on the operating voltage, and that gas is generated at an operating voltage of 300 to 60 OmV. It was also found that hydrogen was most likely to be generated when the air flow rate was 50 to 6 Om1. Furthermore, when the air flow rate was higher than this, hydrogen was hardly generated, and at 10 Oml / min, almost no hydrogen was generated.
- the hydrogen generation rate was high, temperature 50, fuel flow 5 ml / min, air flow A gas was generated under the conditions of an amount of 60 ml / min and a current density of 8.4 mAZ cm 2 , and the concentration of hydrogen in the gas was measured using gas chromatography.
- the generated gas contained about 74% of hydrogen and the hydrogen generation rate was 5.1mL / min. Note that CO was not detected.
- Hydrogen production example Using the same hydrogen production cell as 2-1 at a cell temperature of 30, air is supplied to the air electrode side at a flow rate of 30 to 100 m1Z, and a 1 M aqueous methanol solution is supplied to the fuel electrode side. (Fuel) at a flow rate of 5 ml, and changing the current flowing between the cathode and anode at that time, the operating voltage of the anode and cathode, and the generation rate of hydrogen generated on the anode side. Study was carried out.
- Figure 24 shows the relationship between the extracted current density and operating voltage in this test. As the air flow rate decreased, the operating voltage decreased, and a decrease in the critical current density at which discharge was possible was observed.
- Figure 25 summarizes the results of Figure 24 as a relationship between operating voltage and hydrogen generation rate. This indicates that the hydrogen generation rate tends to depend on the operating voltage, and that hydrogen is generated at an operating voltage of 200 to 540 mV. It was also found that hydrogen was generated when the air flow rate was 30 to 70 m1 / min. At an air flow of 100 ml, hydrogen was hardly generated.
- Hydrogen production example Using the same hydrogen production cell as in 2-1 at a cell temperature of 70, air was flowed to the air electrode side at a flow rate of 50 to 200 m / min, and a 1 M methanol aqueous solution was supplied to the fuel electrode side. (Fuel) at a flow rate of 5 ml and changing the current flowing between the air electrode and the fuel electrode at that time, changing the operating voltage of the fuel electrode and the air electrode, and the rate of hydrogen generation at the fuel electrode. It was examined about.
- Figure 26 shows the relationship between the extracted current density and operating voltage in this test. As the air flow rate decreased, the operating voltage decreased, and a decrease in the critical current density at which discharge was possible was observed.
- Figure 27 summarizes the results of Figure 26 as a relationship between operating voltage and hydrogen generation rate. This indicates that the hydrogen generation rate tends to depend on the operating voltage, and that hydrogen is generated at an operating voltage of 200 to 50 OmV. Also, it was found that hydrogen was easily generated when the air flow rate was 50 to 100 m1 / min. When the air flow increased to 150, 200 m1Z, almost no hydrogen was generated.
- Figure 28 shows the relationship between the extracted current density and operating voltage in this test. As the air flow rate decreased, the operating voltage decreased, and a decrease in the critical current density at which discharge was possible was observed.
- Figure 29 summarizes the results of Figure 28 as a relationship between operating voltage and hydrogen generation rate. This indicates that the hydrogen generation rate tends to depend on the operating voltage, and that hydrogen is generated at an operating voltage of 200 to 50 OmV. Further, it was found that hydrogen was easily generated when the air flow rate was 50 to 10 Om1 / min. At 250 ml / min, almost no hydrogen was generated.
- Fig. 30 shows the relationship between the extracted current density and the operating voltage when the air flow rate is 50 ml / min at each temperature of hydrogen production examples 2-1 to 2-4.
- Figure 31 shows the speed relationship.
- Fig. 32 shows the relationship between the extracted current density and the operating voltage when the air flow rate was 10 Om1 min at each temperature in the hydrogen production examples 2-1 to 2-4.
- Figure 33 shows the relationship.
- the temperature is as large as 100ml z min, the temperature will be 30 ° C and 50. At temperatures as low as C, little hydrogen was found to evolve.
- Hydrogen production example Using the same hydrogen production cell as 2-1 at a cell temperature of 50, air was supplied to the air electrode side at a flow rate of 50 ml Z, and the fuel flow rate at the fuel electrode side was changed to 1.5, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10. OmlZ component was changed and the current flowing between the air electrode and the fuel electrode was changed at that time, and the operating voltage of the fuel electrode and the air electrode was generated on the fuel electrode side. The generation rate of hydrogen was studied.
- Figure 34 shows the relationship between the extracted current density and operating voltage in this test. It was observed that the critical current density at which discharge was possible did not change significantly even when the fuel flow rate changed.
- Fig. 35 summarizes the results of Fig. 34 as the relationship between operating voltage and hydrogen generation rate. From this, the hydrogen generation rate under each condition depends on the operating voltage,
- Example 2-1 Using the same hydrogen production cell as in Example 2-1 at a cell temperature of 50 ° C, a flow rate of 50 ml / min of air to the air electrode side and a constant flow rate of 5 m1 of fuel to the fuel electrode side were obtained. Under the conditions where the fuel concentration was changed to 0.5, i, 2, and 3 M, the operating current between the fuel electrode and the air electrode and the fuel electrode side were changed while changing the current flowing between the air electrode and the fuel electrode. The generation rate of generated hydrogen was studied.
- Figure 36 shows the relationship between the extracted current density and operating voltage in this test. As the fuel concentration increased, the operating voltage decreased, and a decrease in the critical current density at which discharge was possible was observed.
- Figure 37 summarizes the results of Figure 36 as a relationship between operating voltage and hydrogen generation rate. From this, it was found that the hydrogen generation rate under each condition depends on the operating voltage, and hydrogen is generated at 300 to 60 OmV.
- Hydrogen production example Using the same hydrogen production cell as in 2-1 (however, the air electrode was an oxidation electrode through which oxidizing gas flows), a cell temperature of 50 ° C and a fuel with a fuel concentration of 1M at the fuel electrode side were used. At a constant flow rate of m 1 / min, oxidizing gas was applied to the oxidizing electrode side at a flow rate of 14.Oml Z, and the oxygen concentration was changed to 10, 21, 40, and 100%. The operating voltage of the fuel electrode and the oxidizing electrode and the generation rate of hydrogen generated on the fuel electrode side were examined while changing the current flowing through the anode. Here, air is used for a gas with an oxygen concentration of 21%, and air is prepared by mixing nitrogen with air for a gas with an oxygen concentration of 10%. %) Was used.
- Figure 38 shows the relationship between the extracted current density and the operating voltage in this test. When the oxygen concentration was low, the operating voltage decreased, and a decrease in the critical current density at which discharge was possible was observed.
- Figure 39 summarizes the results of Figure 38 as the relationship between operating voltage and hydrogen generation rate. From this, it was found that the hydrogen generation rate under each condition depends on the operating voltage, and hydrogen is generated at 300 to 60 OmV.
- the hydrogen production cell was installed in a hot-air circulation type electric furnace. and cell temperature 30 ° C, 50, 70 ° (:, in 90, the fuel electrode of a 1M aqueous solution of methanol (fuel) of 5 ml / min flow rate of 1M to the oxidizing electrode side H 2 ⁇ 2 (peroxide (Hydrogen) at a flow rate of 2.6 to 5.5 ml / min, while changing the current flowing between the oxidizing electrode and the fuel electrode. Generate The speed was studied. Here, the flow rate of hydrogen peroxide was adjusted so that the open circuit voltage was approximately 50 OmV at each temperature.
- Figure 40 shows the relationship between the extracted current density and operating voltage in this test.
- the relationship between the decrease in operating voltage and the increase in current density was almost the same.However, when the temperature dropped to 30 ° C, the operating voltage dropped sharply and discharge was possible. A decrease in the limiting current density was observed. .
- FIG. 41 summarizes the results of FIG. 40 as the relationship between operating voltage and hydrogen generation rate. From this, the hydrogen generation rate tends to depend on the operating voltage, and the operating voltage
- FIG. 42 schematically shows a hydrogen production cell provided with a means for externally applying electric energy in Example 3 (Structure Examples 3-1 to 3-8).
- the structure is the same as that of the hydrogen production example 111 except that a means for externally applying electric energy is provided using the fuel electrode as a force source and the oxidation electrode as an anode.
- This hydrogen production cell was installed in a hot-air circulation type electric furnace. At a cell temperature (operating temperature) of 50, air was supplied to the air electrode at a flow rate of 10 to 8 OrnlZ, and 1 M was supplied to the fuel electrode side. A 5 ml / min flow rate of the methanol solution (fuel) at the time, and then use an external DC power supply. The operating voltage of the anode and cathode, the amount of gas generated on the anode, and the gas composition were examined while changing the current flowing between the cathode and anode. The ratio of the chemical energy of the generated hydrogen to the input electric energy was defined as the energy efficiency under the charging conditions. The hydrogen concentration in the generated gas was measured by gas chromatography to determine the hydrogen generation rate.
- energy efficiency The energy efficiency of the charging conditions (hereinafter referred to as “energy efficiency”) was calculated by the following formula.
- Electric energy applied in one minute [Voltage mV / 1000 * Current A * 60sec] Wsec / 1000
- the purpose of the present invention is to use chemical energy other than the applied electric energy.
- it does not ignore the law of conservation of energy as taught by thermodynamics.As a whole, part of organic fuel is oxidized, If chemical energy consumed by the oxidation of organic fuel is included in energy, it will be less than 100%.
- the ratio of the chemical energy of generated hydrogen to the input electric energy is described as energy efficiency.
- Figure 43 shows the relationship between the applied current density and the hydrogen generation rate in this test. Hydrogen generation efficiency at a current density 4 0 mA / cm 2 (quantity of electricity efficiency of hydrogen generation) hydrogen generation efficiency under the following conditions 1 0 0% or more regions (Fig. 4 3 shows the 1 0 0% of the line by a broken line It was found that operating in this area would yield more hydrogen than the input electrical energy.
- Figure 44 summarizes the results of Figure 43 as a relationship between operating voltage and hydrogen generation rate.
- the hydrogen generation rate (hydrogen generation amount) tends to depend on the operating voltage, and hydrogen is generated at an operating voltage of 40 O mV or more, and the hydrogen generation rate becomes almost constant at 60 O mV or more.
- the smaller the air flow rate the higher the hydrogen generation rate. 5006705
- Figure 45 shows the relationship between the applied current density and the operating voltage.
- Figure 46 shows the relationship between operating voltage and energy efficiency.
- the energy efficiency was higher than 100% even when the operating voltage was around 100 OmV. It was found that the energy efficiency was high especially when the operating voltage was 60 OmV or less and the air flow rate was 30 to 5 Oml.
- the energy efficiency was high (1050%), at a temperature of 50, the fuel flow rate 5 m 1 Bruno min, air flow rate 50 ml // min, raised outgoing gas at a current density 4. 8mAZcm 2, in the gas
- the hydrogen concentration was measured using gas chromatography. As a result, it was confirmed that the generated gas contained about 86% of hydrogen, and the hydrogen generation rate was 7.8 mlZ. CO was not detected.
- Hydrogen production example Using the same hydrogen production cell as 3-1 at a cell temperature of 30 and a flow rate of 10 to 70 m 1 Z on the air electrode side and a 1 M aqueous methanol solution (fuel ) At a flow rate of 5 m 1 Z, and using a DC power supply to change the current flowing between the cathode and anode using an external DC power source at that time, the operating voltage of the anode and cathode, and the hydrogen generated on the anode side We examined the generation rate and energy efficiency.
- Fig. 47 shows the relationship between the applied current density and the hydrogen generation rate in this test
- Fig. 48 shows the relationship between the operating voltage and the hydrogen generation rate.
- Figure 49 shows the relationship between operating voltage and energy efficiency. It was found that the energy efficiency was 100% or more even when the operating voltage was around 100 OmV, and that the energy efficiency was high especially when the operating voltage was 60 OmV or less and the air flow rate was 3 Oml Z minutes.
- the test was performed under the same conditions as in Hydrogen Production Example 3-2 except that the cell temperature was 70 ° C.
- the operating voltage of the anode and cathode, the rate of hydrogen generation at the anode, and the energy efficiency were measured. Study was carried out.
- Figure 50 shows the relationship between the applied current density and the rate of hydrogen generation in this test
- Figure 51 shows the relationship between the operating voltage and the rate of hydrogen generation.
- Figure 52 shows the relationship between operating voltage and energy efficiency.
- Example of hydrogen production Using the same hydrogen production cell as 3-1 at a cell temperature of 90, air flow of 10 to 200 m 1 Z on the air electrode side, and 1 M aqueous methanol solution on the fuel electrode side (fuel) At a flow rate of 5 ml / Z, and at that time, using a DC power supply from outside to change the current flowing between the cathode and anode, the operating voltage of the anode and cathode, and the hydrogen generated on the anode side We investigated the generation rate and energy efficiency.
- Figure 53 shows the relationship between the applied current density and the rate of hydrogen generation in this test
- Figure 54 shows the relationship between the operating voltage and the rate of hydrogen generation.
- the hydrogen generation rate tends to depend on the operating voltage.Hydrogen is generated at an operating voltage of 300 mV or more.Hydrogen is more likely to be generated when the air flow rate is small, and when the air flow rate is 10 m
- the hydrogen generation rate becomes almost constant at 50 OmV or more, but when the air flow rate is 50 to 10 Om1 / min, it tends to increase at 800 mV or more, and when the air flow rate is 20 Oml / min. However, it was found that hydrogen was not generated unless the pressure was 80 OmV or more.
- Figure 55 shows the relationship between operating voltage and energy efficiency.
- the energy efficiency was higher than 100% even when the operating voltage was around 100 OmV. It was found that the energy efficiency was high especially when the operating voltage was 50 OmV or less and the air flow rate was 5 Om1.
- Fig. 56 shows the relationship between the applied current density and the hydrogen generation rate when the air flow rate was 5 Oml / min at each temperature in the hydrogen production examples 3-1 to 3-4.
- Figure 57 shows the relationship.
- Figure 58 shows the relationship between operating voltage and energy efficiency.
- Hydrogen production example Using the same hydrogen production cell as in 3-1 at a cell temperature of 50, air was supplied to the air electrode side at a flow rate of 5 Oml Z, and the fuel flow rate at the fuel electrode side was changed to 1.5, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, ⁇ 0. Operate the fuel electrode and air electrode while changing the current flowing between the air electrode and the fuel electrode using a DC power supply from the outside at that time with the conditions changed to OmlZ component. The voltage, generation rate of hydrogen generated on the fuel electrode side, and energy efficiency were studied.
- Figure 59 shows the relationship between the applied current density and the rate of hydrogen generation in this test
- Figure 60 shows the relationship between the operating voltage and the rate of hydrogen generation.
- the hydrogen generation rate tends to depend on the operating voltage. It is easy to generate hydrogen when the fuel flow rate is higher and the fuel flow rate is higher. At any fuel flow rate, the hydrogen generation rate tends to increase at 80 OmV or more.
- Figure 61 shows the relationship between operating voltage and energy efficiency.
- the energy efficiency was 100% or more even when the operating voltage was around 100 OmV, and it was found that the energy efficiency was particularly high when the operating voltage was 60 OmV or less. .
- Figure 62 shows the relationship between the applied current density and the rate of hydrogen generation in this test
- Figure 63 shows the relationship between the operating voltage and the rate of hydrogen generation.
- the hydrogen generation rate tends to depend on the operating voltage.Hydrogen is generated at an operating voltage of 40 OmV or higher.Hydrogen is easily generated at a higher fuel concentration even at a lower operating voltage, and a fuel concentration of 2 M , 3 M, the hydrogen generation rate rapidly increases at 400 to 500 mV, and when the fuel concentration is 1 M, the hydrogen generation rate at 400 to 800 OmV Is almost constant, but shows a tendency to increase above 80 O mV. When the fuel concentration is lower than this, it is found that hydrogen is not generated unless the operating voltage is high.
- Figure 64 shows the relationship between operating voltage and energy efficiency.
- Figure 65 shows the relationship between the applied current density and the rate of hydrogen generation in this test
- Figure 66 shows the relationship between the operating voltage and the rate of hydrogen generation.
- the hydrogen generation rate tends to depend on the operating voltage.Hydrogen is generated at an operating voltage of 400 mV or higher, and hydrogen is easily generated at a high oxygen concentration even at a low operating voltage.
- the hydrogen generation rate is 400 to 80 OmV. Is almost constant, but shows an increasing tendency above 80 OmV.
- Figure 67 shows the relationship between operating voltage and energy efficiency.
- the energy efficiency was higher than 100% even when the applied voltage was around 100 OmV. It was found that the energy efficiency was particularly high when the applied voltage was lower than 60 OmV and the oxygen concentration was high.
- Example 3-1 Using the same hydrogen production cell as in Example 3-1 (however, the air electrode was an oxidation electrode through which liquid hydrogen peroxide flows), the hydrogen production cell was installed in a hot-air circulation type electric furnace. At a cell temperature of 30 ° C, 50, 7 90 ° C, 1 M methanol on the fuel electrode side The flow rate of aqueous solution (fuel) 5 ml "partial, of H 2 ⁇ 2 of 1 M in oxidizing electrode side (hydrogen peroxide) 2. 6 ⁇ 5.
- the flow rate of hydrogen peroxide was adjusted so that the open circuit voltage was approximately 50 OmV at each temperature.
- Fig. 68 shows the relationship between the applied current density and the hydrogen generation rate in this test
- Fig. 69 shows the relationship between the operating voltage and the hydrogen generation rate.
- the rate of hydrogen generation tends to depend on the operating voltage.Hydrogen is generated at an operating voltage of 500 mV or more, and tends to increase at an operating voltage of 80 OmV or more. It was clear that the outbreak occurred.
- Figure 70 shows the relationship between operating voltage and energy efficiency.
- the energy efficiency is 100% or more, and especially when the operating voltage is 80 OmV or less and the temperature is 9 CTC, the energy efficiency is high. .
- Example 3 it is important to note that in Example 3 above, more hydrogen was extracted than the current applied to the hydrogen production cell from outside. In other words, the hydrogen production cell of Example 3 produces hydrogen with energy equal to or higher than the input electric energy. Moreover, since the reforming is carried out at a dangerously low temperature of 30 to 90 ° C, it is considered to be an unprecedented and completely new hydrogen production system. The effect is great.
- an example is shown in which hydrogen is produced by a hydrogen production apparatus mounted on a submarine of the present invention using a fuel other than methanol.
- Hydrogen was produced using hydrogen as a fuel by a hydrogen production device (open circuit condition) mounted on the submarine of the invention according to claim 2 of the present application.
- Hydrogen production example 11 Using the same hydrogen production cell as in 1, at a cell temperature of 80 ° C, a 1 M concentration aqueous ethanol solution was flowed at a flow rate of 5 m1 / min to the fuel electrode side, and to the air electrode side. , Air was flowed at a flow rate of 65 ml, and the open circuit voltage of the selenium and the generation rate of gas generated from the fuel electrode side were measured. The hydrogen concentration in the generated gas was measured by gas chromatography to determine the hydrogen generation rate.
- Hydrogen was produced using ethylene glycol as a fuel by a hydrogen production apparatus (open circuit condition) mounted on a submarine of the invention according to claim 2 of the present application.
- Hydrogen production example 1 Using the same hydrogen production saffle as in 1, at a cell temperature of 8 Ot, an ethylene dalicol aqueous solution with a concentration of 1 ⁇ was flowed to the fuel electrode side at a flow rate of 5 m 1 minute, and the air electrode was Air was flowed through the cell at a flow rate of 105 ml Z, and the open circuit voltage of the cell and the rate of gas generation from the fuel electrode side were measured. The hydrogen concentration in the generated gas was analyzed by gas chromatography to determine the hydrogen generation rate.
- Hydrogen was produced using getyl ether as a fuel by a hydrogen production apparatus (open circuit condition) mounted on a submarine of the invention according to claim 2 of the present application.
- Hydrogen production example 11 Using the same hydrogen production cell as in 1, at a cell temperature of 80, a 1 M concentration of getyl ether aqueous solution was flowed to the fuel electrode side at a flow rate of 5 ml Z, and then to the air electrode side. Then, air was flowed at a flow rate of 20 ml, and the open circuit voltage of the cell and the generation rate of gas generated from the fuel electrode side were measured. The hydrogen concentration in the generated gas was analyzed by gas chromatography to determine the hydrogen generation rate.
- Table 4 As shown in Table 4, it was confirmed that hydrogen was generated at an open circuit voltage of 565 mV. The hydrogen concentration in the generated gas was lower and the hydrogen generation rate was lower than when alcohol was used as the fuel.
- hydrogen was produced by the hydrogen production apparatus (open circuit condition) mounted on the submarine of the invention according to claim 2 of the present application.
- Hydrogen production example 11 Using the same hydrogen production cell as in 1-1, at a cell temperature of 50, a fuel solution of 1 M concentration and a 1 M concentration of formic acid solution were added to the fuel electrode side at 5 m 1 Z, respectively. The flow rate was 0 to 100 m1 / min, and the open circuit voltage of the cell and the generation rate of gas generated from the fuel electrode side were measured. The hydrogen concentration in the generated gas was analyzed by gas chromatography to determine the hydrogen generation rate. '
- FIGS. 71 and 72 The results are shown in FIGS. 71 and 72 together with the case where methanol was used.
- Fig. 71 in the case of formaldehyde and formic acid, as in the case of methanol, hydrogen generation was confirmed from the fuel electrode side of the cell by reducing the air flow rate. The rate of hydrogen generation was greatest for methanol, followed by formaldehyde and formic acid. In addition, it was found that hydrogen would not be generated unless the air flow rate was reduced in this order.
- the hydrogen production apparatus mounted on a submarine of the present invention can produce a gas containing hydrogen by decomposing a fuel containing organic matter at a temperature of 100 ° C. or less. Since hydrogen can be easily supplied to the fuel cell, the present invention can be applied to various submarines driven by electricity generated in the fuel cell.
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/594,626 US7476456B2 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-03-30 | Submarine boat |
EP05728927A EP1733965A1 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-03-30 | Submersible vessel |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2004-107933 | 2004-03-31 | ||
JP2004107933 | 2004-03-31 | ||
JP2004342472 | 2004-11-26 | ||
JP2004-342472 | 2004-11-26 |
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WO2005095204A1 true WO2005095204A1 (ja) | 2005-10-13 |
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PCT/JP2005/006705 WO2005095204A1 (ja) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-03-30 | 潜水船 |
Country Status (4)
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US (1) | US7476456B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1733965A1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20070013278A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005095204A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7846605B2 (en) * | 2005-03-07 | 2010-12-07 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Pump having noise-proof and vibration-proof structure and fuel cell system using the same |
Families Citing this family (5)
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US7939210B2 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2011-05-10 | Gs Yuasa Corporation | Electric automobile |
DE102011101616A1 (de) * | 2011-05-14 | 2012-11-15 | Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft Gmbh | Verfahren zur Verbrennung eines Brennstoff-Sauerstoff-Gemisches und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens |
KR101684767B1 (ko) * | 2015-02-11 | 2016-12-08 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | 유기계 화학 수소화물을 이용한 잠수함의 수소 공급 장치 및 방법 |
KR101717855B1 (ko) * | 2015-09-08 | 2017-03-17 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | 이산화탄소 고체화 처리가 가능한 수중운동체의 개질기 시스템 및 그 운용방법 |
KR102290557B1 (ko) * | 2017-03-23 | 2021-08-13 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | 포름산 직접 연료전지 잠수함 |
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JPH0817456A (ja) * | 1994-07-01 | 1996-01-19 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 海中動力源用燃料電池システム |
JPH11229167A (ja) * | 1998-02-16 | 1999-08-24 | Permelec Electrode Ltd | 電解水素発生装置 |
US20010033954A1 (en) * | 2000-04-13 | 2001-10-25 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. Ltd. | Fuel cell system |
WO2002016289A2 (en) * | 2000-08-18 | 2002-02-28 | Have Blue, Llc | System and method for the production and use of hydrogen on board a marine vessel |
JP2002187595A (ja) * | 2000-12-20 | 2002-07-02 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 水素発生装置、特に潜水機用水素発生装置 |
JP3328993B2 (ja) * | 1993-05-10 | 2002-09-30 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 水素発生方法 |
JP3360349B2 (ja) * | 1993-05-10 | 2002-12-24 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 燃料電池 |
US20030226763A1 (en) * | 1997-09-10 | 2003-12-11 | California Institute Of Technology | Hydrogen generation by electrolysis of aqueous organic solutions |
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US3795544A (en) * | 1972-03-30 | 1974-03-05 | Us Navy | Pressure balanced fuel cell system for underwater vehicle |
FR2251108B1 (ja) * | 1973-11-14 | 1977-06-03 | Alsthom Cgee | |
US6063515A (en) * | 1997-12-22 | 2000-05-16 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Integrated fuel cell electric power generation system for submarine applications |
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2005
- 2005-03-30 WO PCT/JP2005/006705 patent/WO2005095204A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-03-30 US US10/594,626 patent/US7476456B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-03-30 EP EP05728927A patent/EP1733965A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-03-30 KR KR1020067020298A patent/KR20070013278A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (8)
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JP3328993B2 (ja) * | 1993-05-10 | 2002-09-30 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 水素発生方法 |
JP3360349B2 (ja) * | 1993-05-10 | 2002-12-24 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 燃料電池 |
JPH0817456A (ja) * | 1994-07-01 | 1996-01-19 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 海中動力源用燃料電池システム |
US20030226763A1 (en) * | 1997-09-10 | 2003-12-11 | California Institute Of Technology | Hydrogen generation by electrolysis of aqueous organic solutions |
JPH11229167A (ja) * | 1998-02-16 | 1999-08-24 | Permelec Electrode Ltd | 電解水素発生装置 |
US20010033954A1 (en) * | 2000-04-13 | 2001-10-25 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. Ltd. | Fuel cell system |
WO2002016289A2 (en) * | 2000-08-18 | 2002-02-28 | Have Blue, Llc | System and method for the production and use of hydrogen on board a marine vessel |
JP2002187595A (ja) * | 2000-12-20 | 2002-07-02 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 水素発生装置、特に潜水機用水素発生装置 |
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US7846605B2 (en) * | 2005-03-07 | 2010-12-07 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Pump having noise-proof and vibration-proof structure and fuel cell system using the same |
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US20070212577A1 (en) | 2007-09-13 |
US7476456B2 (en) | 2009-01-13 |
EP1733965A1 (en) | 2006-12-20 |
KR20070013278A (ko) | 2007-01-30 |
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