WO2005082933A1 - 新規キメラ蛋白質およびこれをコードする遺伝子、並びに、これらの遺伝子と蛋白質を用いた白血病の判別手段 - Google Patents
新規キメラ蛋白質およびこれをコードする遺伝子、並びに、これらの遺伝子と蛋白質を用いた白血病の判別手段 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005082933A1 WO2005082933A1 PCT/JP2004/002294 JP2004002294W WO2005082933A1 WO 2005082933 A1 WO2005082933 A1 WO 2005082933A1 JP 2004002294 W JP2004002294 W JP 2004002294W WO 2005082933 A1 WO2005082933 A1 WO 2005082933A1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K19/00—Hybrid peptides, i.e. peptides covalently bound to nucleic acids, or non-covalently bound protein-protein complexes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N37/00—Details not covered by any other group of this subclass
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel chimeric protein, a gene encoding the same, and means for discriminating leukemia using these genes and proteins.
- the present invention relates to a novel chimeric protein that enables detailed differentiation of precursor B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (Acute Lymphoid Leukemia: also referred to as ALL) and a gene encoding the chimera protein.
- the present invention relates to a detection method capable of discriminating ALL using a chimeric protein or gene.
- Acute leukemia is acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute mixed leukemia, and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL: Acute Lymphoid)
- ALL is a precursor (or lymphoblastic) malignancy.
- Precursor B-cell ALL is caused by genetic abnormalities associated with chromosomal translocations, t (l; 22); BCL / ABL, t (v; l lq23); MLL, t (l; 19); E2A Translocations such as / PBX1 and t (12; 21); TEL / AMLl are known.
- ALL childhood leukemia
- the most common type of childhood leukemia is ALL due to a genetic abnormality in precursor B cells, which has a relatively good prognosis for chemotherapy (Greaves, MF & Wiemels, J .: Origins oi chromosome translocations m childhood).
- leuKaemia Nat. Rev. Cancer, 3, 639-649, 2003.
- the major subtype of ALL is caused by genetic abnormalities due to single base mutations and deletions, but is often caused by changes in the entire chromosome associated with gene hyperdipoidy and chromosomal translocation.
- Chromosomal translocations bring genes on different chromosomes closer together, often reconstituting the chimeric (or fusion) gene of the two, resulting in a fusion mRNA under non-traditional transcriptional control. Is expressed and translated into hybrid proteins with different roles. It is known that more than 200 genes are involved in translocation of childhood leukemia, of which certain genes are strongly involved in canceration. However, many other genes are rarely involved in canceration.
- the most common common translocation of pediatric progenitor B-cell ALL is t (l; 19) (q23; pl3), usually a fusion between the PBX1 gene on chromosome lq23 and the E2A gene on chromosome 19pl3.3 happenss.
- the wild-type E2A gene product is essential for B cell maturation.
- the chimeric gene E2A-PBX1 encodes a fusion protein of the transcriptional activation motif of E2A and the DNA-binding homeodomain of PBX1.
- the same E2A-PBX1 fusion gene was detected in 95% or more cases of ALL. In rare cases, the fusion gene was not detected (Hunger, S.R, Galili, N.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is such a different type of ALL. Clarify the genetic nature of the disease, provide detection means that can determine the type of ALL at the genetic level before full-scale treatment, and treat as many patients as possible with the most appropriate treatment possible. To give the opportunity to apply.
- the present inventor has developed a precursor B cell acute leukemia cell line (using a chromosome t (l; 19) translocation) established from peripheral blood of a pediatric ALL patient using a conventional method.
- a precursor B cell acute leukemia cell line (using a chromosome t (l; 19) translocation) established from peripheral blood of a pediatric ALL patient using a conventional method.
- mRNA of this chimera gene was detected in bone marrow cells of pediatric ALL patients from whom the cells were isolated, as in TS-2 cells.
- the present inventors have clarified that it is possible to determine the details of the cause of ALL at the molecular level using the chimeric gene or the chimeric protein produced based on the chimeric protein as an index.
- the present invention has been completed based on the findings. That is, the present invention provides a novel chimeric protein comprising a part of the MEF2D protein and a part of the DAZAP1 protein (hereinafter, also referred to as the present chimeric protein), and a novel chimeric protein encoding the chimeric protein. (Hereinafter, also referred to as the present chimeric gene).
- the present invention provides a method for detecting a chimeric gene or chimeric protein in a sample to detect the precursor B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia of the sample donor by detecting the chimeric gene or chimeric protein in the sample.
- the present invention provides a method (hereinafter, also referred to as the present detection method).
- this chimeric gene is a chimeric gene obtained by fusing a part of the MEF2D gene and a part of the DAZAP1 gene.
- the MEF2D gene and the DAZAP1 gene are known human genes, respectively, and their nucleotide sequences and the like have been registered (MEF2D gene: NM-005920 (Torumi IJ number 1), DAZAP1 gene: NM—170711 (SEQ ID NO: 2)).
- the present chimeric gene which is a fusion gene of these genes, is not known, including the function of the present chimeric protein synthesized based on the gene.
- this chimeric protein was found to be localized in the cell nucleus and to form a heterodimer with MEF2 family proteins (such as HDAC4 protein).
- MEF2 family proteins such as HDAC4 protein.
- This chimeric protein binds to HDAC4 protein more strongly than MEF 2D protein. It is presumed that this chimeric protein promotes the transcriptional activation of the target gene through this action and induces canceration.
- the specific sequence of the chimeric gene is as follows: 1) The chimeric gene (MEF2D-DAZAP1 fusion gene) having the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 and the corresponding chimeric protein (amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5) And 2) the present chimeric gene (DAZAP1-MEF2D fusion gene) having the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4 and the corresponding chimeric protein (amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6). is there.
- This chimeric protein can be obtained by isolating and purifying it from cancerous cells of the target ALL patients, but if it is required in large quantities, it is extremely suitable to obtain it as a recombinant. is there.
- the chimeric gene as a basis for producing such a recombinant chimeric protein can be obtained by a conventional method using the nucleotide sequence of the chimeric gene found by the present invention, as described above.
- Gene amplification methods such as the PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) method are used to extract mRNA from cancerous cells of the target ALL patients, and use this to obtain the desired chimera using the RT-Reverse Transcriptase (PCR) method.
- PCR RT-Reverse Transcriptase
- the leukemia cells of the target ALL patients can be easily obtained by a conventional method. Specifically, it can be obtained, for example, from bone marrow and peripheral blood. Routine phenotypic analysis can be used to identify precursor B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia cells using the FAB classification. B cell lineage can be determined by monitoring the expression of the surface marker CD19. See Yoshinari, M.,
- the chimera gene can also be synthesized using a DNA synthesizer. In this case, a plurality of DNAs each having one part of the chimera gene are synthesized, ligated, ligated, inserted into an appropriate vector, and transformed into Escherichia coli. The chimera gene can be obtained.
- a recombinant chimeric protein can be produced according to a general gene recombination technique. More specifically, the present chimera gene is incorporated into an expressible form of the gene expression vector, and the recombinant vector is incorporated into a host corresponding to the properties of the gene expression vector.
- the desired chimeric protein can be produced by introducing, transforming, and culturing such a transformant.
- the vector for expression of the M gene used here usually has a promoter, a gene / sensor, etc. in the upstream region of the gene to be expressed, and a transcription termination sequence in the downstream region. It is suitable.
- the expression of the chimera gene is not limited to the direct expression system.
- a hex-histidine gene, a glutathione-S-transferase gene, a maltose / oral white matter gene, and a thioredoxin gene are used. It is also possible to use a fusion protein expression system.
- a vector for gene expression for example, assuming that the host should be Escherichia coli, pQEpGEX, pT7-7, PMAL, pTRxFus, p
- ET, pNT26CII and the like can be exemplified.
- the host is B. subtilis Examples of what should be performed include pPL608, pNC3, pSM23, PKH80, and the like.
- yeast examples include pGT5, pDB248X, pARTl, pREPl, YEp13, YRp7, YCp50, etc. Can be shown.
- the host to be used as a mammalian cell or an insect cell includes p91023, pCDM8, pcDL-SRa296, pBCMGSNeo, pSV2dhfr. , pSVdhfr, pAc3733, pACYMl, pRc / CMV, pREP4, pcDNAl, pVL1392 / 1393, pAcHLT-A / B / C, etc. .
- General methods for introducing a gene expression vector incorporating the chimeric gene into a host cell and transforming the host with this vector include, for example, when the host cell is Escherichia coli or Bacillus subtilis.
- the calcium chloride method, the electroporation method, etc .; if the host cell is a mammalian cell or an insect cell, the calcium phosphate method, the electoral poration method or the liposome method. Etc. can be selected.
- the chimeric protein is accumulated in the culture system.
- the medium used in such culture can be appropriately selected according to the type of the selected host. For example, when the host is Escherichia coli, an LB medium, a TB medium and the like can be appropriately selected, and when the host is a mammalian cell, an RPMI164 medium and the like can be appropriately selected.
- Isolation and purification of the chimeric protein from the culture obtained by culturing the transformant as described above can be performed according to a conventional method. It can be carried out using various processing operations utilizing the physical properties and / or chemical properties of the materials.
- the chimera protein can be isolated and purified alone or in combination using high-performance, high-performance liquid chromatography, centrifugation, electrophoresis, affinity chromatography using specific antibodies, or dialysis. it can.
- the present chimeric gene and the present chimeric protein can be obtained.
- the chimeric gene serves as a base for producing the chimeric protein.
- the present chimeric protein can be used as an immunogen of an antibody used for performing the present detection method.
- the present chimeric gene and chimeric protein can be used in a screening method for developing a therapeutic agent for ALL, which will be described later.
- the chimera protein to be detected is a fusion protein of a part of the MEF2D protein and a part of the DAZAP1 protein
- the antibodies that can be used in this detection method are 1) An antibody specific to a part of the MEF2D protein and a part of the DAZAP1 protein, or 2) an antibody specific to only a part of the MEF2D protein, and a part of the DAZAP1 A set of antibodies specific for only one.
- antibodies can be obtained by selecting antibodies having desired properties from antibodies produced using the present chimeric protein as an immunogen, but the antibody is produced by limiting the immunogen to a specific form in advance. It is efficient to do.
- the immunogens of an antibody specific to only a part of the MEF2D protein and an immunogen specific to only a part of the DAZAP1 protein are the chimeric proteins (MEF2D-DAZAP1 protein and DAZAP 1-MEF2D protein) is preferred.
- an antibody specific to a part of the DAZAP1 protein may be, at least as an immunogen, a part of the MEF2D protein constituting the chimeric protein, and a binding site of a part of the DAZAP1 protein (for example, SEQ ID NO: 5 antibodies against this chimeric protein).
- the oligopeptide is an oligopeptide containing the glycine at position 222, or the 155th glycine if it is an antibody against the chimeric protein of SEQ ID NO: 6.
- the oligopeptide preferably has a chain length of about 20 to 50 amino acids.
- the antibody against the chimeric protein is a polyclonal antibody
- the antibody is produced from an immune serum derived from an animal immunized with the above-mentioned immunogen (including, if necessary, an umbrella mussel conjugated to a hapten such as mosianin). can do.
- a cell line derived from an animal of the same species and strain as the immunized animal is transformed by introducing an expression vector into which the chimera gene or a gene encoding a part of the chimera gene has been introduced. By transplanting the antibody into the immunized animal, the desired polyclonal antibody can be prepared.
- the chimeric protein is continuously produced by the transformed cells in the animal into which the transformed cells have been transplanted, and an antibody against the chimeric protein is produced, which is used as the target polyclonal antibody.
- an expression vector that expresses the present chimeric gene is continuously produced in the animal, A polyclonal antibody of interest can be produced in the same manner as when the transformed cells are transplanted (Raz, E., elal., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., ai. '95 19 (1994)).
- a monoclonal antibody against the chimeric protein is used to produce a hybridoma between the immune cells of the immunized animal and the myeloma cells of the animal in the same manner as in the case of the polyclonal antibody described above.
- the clone can be produced by selecting a clone that produces an antibody that recognizes the chimeric protein, and culturing the clone.
- the animal to be immunized to produce an antibody against the chimeric protein is not particularly limited, and can be used widely in mice, rats, and the like. It is desirable to select in consideration of compatibility with the myeloma cells used for fusion. Immunization can be performed by a general method, for example, by administering the above immunizing antigen to an animal to be immunized by intravenous, intradermal, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal injection or the like.
- the above-mentioned immunizing antigen is used in combination with a usual adjuvant, if desired, and administered to the animal to be immunized several times every 2 to 14 days by the above-mentioned means, and the polyclonal antibody Immune serum for production or immune cells for production of monoclonal antibodies, such as spleen cells after immunization, can be obtained.
- myeloma cells as the other parent cells to be fused with the immune cells are already known, for example, SP2Z0-Ag14, P3 -NS l-l-Ag 4-l, MPC 11-45, 6. TG 1.7 (above, from mouse); 210. RCY. Ag 1.2.3 (from rat) SKO—07, GM1506 TG—A12 (all from humans) and the like can be used.
- the cell fusion between the above immune cells and the myeloma cells can be performed according to a generally known method, for example, the method of Kohler and Milstein (Kohler, G. and Milstein, C, Nature, 256.495 (1975)). Can be.
- this cell fusion is carried out in the presence of a generally known fusion promoter such as poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) or Sendai virus (HVJ) to improve the fusion efficiency, such as dimethyl sulfoxide.
- a generally known fusion promoter such as poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) or Sendai virus (HVJ) to improve the fusion efficiency, such as dimethyl sulfoxide.
- PEG poly (ethylene glycol)
- HVJ Sendai virus
- the desired hybridoma can be isolated by culturing it in a normal selection medium, for example, an HAT (hypoxanthine, aminobuterin and thymidine) medium. That is, hybridomas can be separated by culturing them in this selection medium for a time sufficient to kill cells other than the target hybridomas.
- a normal selection medium for example, an HAT (hypoxanthine, aminobuterin and thymidine) medium. That is, hybridomas can be separated by culturing them in this selection medium for a time sufficient to kill cells other than the target hybridomas.
- the hybridoma thus obtained can be subjected to a search for a target monoclonal antibody and a single cloning by a usual limiting dilution method.
- the search for the target monoclonal antibody producing strain can be performed by, for example, ELISA, It can be performed according to a general search method such as the plaque method, spot method, agglutination reaction method, octaloni method, and RIA method.
- the hybridoma producing the desired monoclonal antibody recognizing the chimeric protein obtained in this manner can be subcultured in a normal medium, and further, can be used in liquid nitrogen. Can be stored for a long time.
- the monoclonal antibody of interest can be collected from the hybridoma by culturing the hybridoma according to a conventional method to obtain a culture supernatant, or by extracting the hybridoma from an animal that is compatible with the hybridoma.
- a method can be used in which the cells are propagated into the cells and grown to obtain ascites.
- the immune cells were cultured in vitro in the presence of the chimeric protein or a part thereof, and after a certain period of time, a hybridoma of the immune cells and myeloma cells was prepared using the above cell fusion means, The desired monoclonal antibody can also be obtained by screening the produced hybridoma.
- polyclonal antibody and the monoclonal antibody obtained above can be further purified by usual means such as salting out, gel filtration, and ab- sorbent chromatography.
- the polyclonal antibody and the monoclonal antibody thus obtained are antibodies having specific reactivity to the chimeric protein.
- the antibody thus obtained can be used after being labeled with a labeling substance as necessary in the specific detection means used as described above.
- Such a labeling substance is a labeling substance that provides a detectable signal by reacting the labeling substance alone or by reacting the labeling substance with another substance.
- a labeling substance for example, horseradish peroxidase , Alkaline phosphatase, j3_D-galactosidase, gnorecosoxidase, gnorecos-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, lignoic acid dehydrogenase, penicillinase, catalase, apognolecose Enzymes such as oxidase, perease, luciferase or acetylcholinesterase Containing full O fluorescein isothiocyanate Xia Natick DOO, Fi co pyridinium protein, rare earth metal chelate, Danshiruku port Lai de Moshiku fluorescent substance such as Te tetramethyl loader Mi N'i Seo Chioshiane DOO, 1
- a known labeling method can be appropriately used depending on the type of the labeling substance to be selected.
- a monoclonal antibody (including a labeled one) against the chimeric protein of the present invention can be used in the present detection method as an immobilized monoclonal antibody immobilized on an insoluble carrier.
- an insoluble carrier various insoluble carriers already used as an insoluble carrier for an antibody can be used.
- insoluble carriers used in affinity chromatography such as dextran carriers, polystyrene carriers, polyvinyl alcohol carriers, polyamino acid carriers, and porous silicic carriers.
- a method for immobilizing an antibody already established on various insoluble carriers can be appropriately selected according to the type of the insoluble carrier to be selected.
- a monoclonal antibody against the present chimeric protein which can be used in the present detection method, can be prepared.
- the present detection method is a chimeric protein detection method for detecting the chimeric gene or chimeric protein in a sample to determine the precursor B cell ALL of the sample donor. is there.
- the sample provider in which the present chimeric protein was detected in the sample was obtained from another type of chromosome transfer. Symptoms, course of treatment, and prognosis are likely to be different compared to precursor B cell ALL with a locus.
- the sample to be detected by this detection method is a sample derived from a leukemia patient for which ALL should be determined.
- a blood sample, a noffey coat, or the like can be used.
- a known blood cell fraction sample can be prepared by subjecting the blood cell fraction prepared by centrifugation or the like to a known treatment.
- the blood for obtaining the blood cell fraction sample is not particularly limited, and may be arterial blood or venous blood. Generally, peripheral blood is used because of its ease of collection.
- This embodiment is an embodiment in which the chimeric protein of the present invention is detected in a sample, mainly using an antibody against the chimeric protein described above.
- Specific detection methods include the Enzymimnoassay method, Radioimnoassay method, analysis by flow cytometry, Western blot method, immunoprecipitation / immunoblot method, and immunocytochemical staining method. And the like.
- the enzyme immunoassay method also called enzyme immunoassay, is a detection method using an enzyme as a labeling substance in the labeled immunoassay method (the detection method using radioisotopes is a radioimmunoassay method). Is).
- the enzymatic immunoassay method is classified into two types: “heterogeneous enzyme immunoassay”, which requires isolation of BZF, and “liomogeneous enzyme immunoassay", which does not require isolation of BZF. ⁇ (J
- the Enzym-Mimnoassy method by the so-called Sandwich method (hereinafter, also referred to as the Sandwich method) can be exemplified.
- Such a sandwich method is one of the most preferable detection modes, especially considering its simplicity of operation, economic convenience, and especially versatility as a clinical test.
- the Sandwich method is an enzymimno assay method that includes at least the steps (a) and (b) below.
- step (a) A step of immobilizing an antibody against the present chimeric protein on an insoluble carrier, and reacting the immobilized antibody with a granulocyte lysate prepared from a blood sample.
- this step (a) usually, after the reaction, the used microplate is washed, and the unreacted sample is removed from the immobilized monoclonal antibody.
- An antigen-antibody complex formed by the binding of the immobilized monoclonal antibody to the MEF2D-DAZAP1 chimera protein and the DAZAP1-MEF2D fusion protein in the sample contains horseradish peroxidase, Reacting an antibody against the chimeric protein labeled with biotin or the like.
- step (b) usually, after the reaction, the used microplate is washed, and the unreacted labeled antibody is removed from the immobilized antibody.
- the label signal it is necessary to make the label signal visible by using a label signal expression means according to the type of the label in the reacted second antibody.
- a label signal expression means for example, when biotin is used as a labeling substance, the labeling signal can be revealed using avidin or the like.For example, horseradish peroxidase was selected as the labeling substance. If necessary, add the substrate along with the chromogenic material as necessary Can be revealed.
- the chimera protein in the desired sample is detected by detecting the developed color signal using a signal specifying means corresponding to the type of the color signal. be able to.
- the chimeric protein can be detected by immunocytochemical staining. Prepare a smear using Cell Smear Cardiology Sitefuse 2 (Nippon Ruft Co., Ltd.). The present chimeric protein in the smear can be stained by a conventional method using an antibody against the present chimeric protein. 3) Aspect of the method for detecting the presence of mRNA expressed in a sample
- This embodiment is one embodiment of the present detection method for detecting the gene encoding the present chimeric protein in a sample to determine the precursor B cell ALL of the sample provider.
- Specific detection methods include the DNA chip method, Southern blot method, Northern blot method, real-time RT-PCR method, Nested PCR method, Inverse PCR method, Nested Inverse PCR method, Invader method, FISH method, The Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) method can be exemplified.
- a typical embodiment is to detect mRNA present in a blood cell fraction indirectly by detecting cDNA in a sample, wherein the mRNA of the chimeric protein is type II.
- This is a detection method for grasping the degree of expression of a chimeric protein gene (hereinafter, the detection means of this embodiment is also referred to as a chimeric mRNA detection method.
- Real-time RT-PCR method Real-time RT-PCR method
- mRNA is selected from the total RNA of the sample according to a known method (for example, a method using oligo dT). Then, based on the obtained mRNA, a nucleotide chain corresponding to a known nucleotide sequence of the present chimeric gene was used to convert mRNA using a heat-resistant DNA polymerase used as an amplification primer.
- the chimeric protein can be coded by a gene amplification method that can amplify the gene as a template, for example, RT-PCR. Amplifying the cDNA and detecting the presence or absence of the amplification product by the gene amplification operation, thereby detecting the presence of the in RNA of the chimeric protein in the sample, preferably in real time. Can be.
- the cDNA encoding the chimeric protein amplified as described above was designated as type III, and further subjected to a gene amplification operation using a heat-resistant DNA polymerase such as a PCR method.
- a gene amplification operation using a heat-resistant DNA polymerase such as a PCR method.
- the gene amplification primer used in the second gene amplification operation is 1 It is necessary to use a nucleotide chain corresponding to the inside of this chimeric gene as a gene amplification primer rather than the gene amplification primer used in the second gene amplification operation.
- the Invader-Atsey method uses a 1st nucleotide chain (cDNA obtained from a sample) that has the following features 1 and 2 (1: Invader Probe). ), followeded by hybridization of the second nucleotide chain (2: Signal Probe), and then the partial triple-stranded structure of the nucleotide chain at the 3 'end of the nucleic acid to be specifically cleaved.
- MEF2D which constitutes the chimeric protein in the type I nucleotide chain, is detected by reacting the enzyme with a cleavage enzyme (Cleavase) to detect the portion of the second nucleotide chain that has been cleaved by the nuclease.
- a cleavage enzyme Cleavase
- a reaction based on a method of detecting a part of mRNA and a nucleotide chain encoding a translocation site composed of a part of DAZAP1 mRNA can be mentioned.
- First nucleotide chain A nucleotide chain complementary to a part of the MEF2D protein constituting the chimeric mRNA and a nucleotide chain encoding a translocation site consisting of a part of the DAZAP1 protein.
- Second nucleotide chain The nucleotide chain encoding the above translocation site has a complementary portion complementary to the nucleotide chain on the 3 'side, which is connected to the detection element.
- the "detection part" force S which is non-complementary to the type I nucleotide, provided with
- the triple structure is formed by DNA, the first nucleotide chain and the second nucleotide chain, and this structure is recognized and cleaved by Cleavase.
- the DNA chip method is a method for quantifying mRNA expressed in cancer (leukemia) cells.
- a synthetic oligonucleotide having the above-mentioned binding portion of the chimeric gene is immobilized on a substrate (cDNA can also be immobilized), and RNA prepared from a sample is used to synthesize cDNA by reverse transcriptase. I do.
- the expression level of mRNA can be measured by hybridizing the labeled cDNA with the synthesized oligonucleotide on the substrate and scanning the amount of the bound label.
- the Southern blot method isolates and fixes the genomic DNA obtained from the sample, and the Northern blot method separates and fixes the raRNA, and detects the hybridization between the raRNA and the binding site of the chimeric gene. This is a method to detect the presence of this chimeric gene. 4) Mode of detecting genomic DNA present in the sample
- CGH Comparative Genomic
- FISH fluorescence in situ nybridizationj-i asui,., Imoto, I.
- the detection method of this embodiment is a BAC clone having a translocation site of the chimeric gene.
- translocations between chromosomes 1 and 19, which are reciprocal translocation sites can be detected.
- the pathology of ALL can be determined by detecting the chimera gene and protein in the sample in this manner.
- this detection method by combining this detection method with an existing method for determining the disease state of ALL, it is possible to more accurately determine the disease state of ALL. 4. Screening method for anti-leukemia drugs
- the chimeric protein interacts strongly with the MEF2 family protein, which is likely to be associated with the development of leukemia. Specific inhibitors of such interactions can be expected as therapeutics for leukemia.
- the present invention is an invention which provides a method for screening an active ingredient of a therapeutic agent for leukemia using the specific inhibitory effect of the above-mentioned interaction as an index (hereinafter, also referred to as the present screening method).
- This screening method is specifically defined as the method shown below. a) When the MEF2 family protein and the chimeric protein (MEF2D-DAZAP1 protein or DAZAP1-MEF2D protein) coexist, the amount of binding of both proteins is quantified.
- the MEF2 family protein includes, for example, MEF2D protein, HDAC4 protein, p300 protein and the like. Among them, it is preferable to use MEF2D protein or HDAC4 protein. These MEF2 family proteins can be produced by a conventional method according to the above-mentioned production method of the present fusion protein.
- the MEF2 family protein and the present chimeric protein are allowed to coexist in a cell, and a test substance is added extracellularly. It is preferable and possible to detect the binding between the Lee protein and the present chimeric protein and the inhibition of the binding by administration.
- the integrated cell is not particularly limited, but is preferably It is preferable to use human cells, in particular, cervical cancer (Hela) cells, leukemia (K562) cells, colorectal cancer (HT-29) cells, and kidney cancer (HEK293) cells.
- the amount of the bound protein can be determined by a conventional method which can be used for the determination of a trace amount of protein, and specific examples will be described later.
- primary screening as a precondition for performing the present screening method. Specifically, for example, it inhibits the growth of leukemia cells in which MEF2D-DAZAP1 translocation has occurred (for example, TS-2 cells), but has leukemia cells in which E2A-PBX1 translocation has occurred (for example, THP4 It is preferred to screen for substances that do not or only weakly inhibit the growth of cells.
- the screening method is carried out, and a substance screened as an active ingredient of a desired leukemia therapeutic agent is further implanted with a screening substance in vivo, for example, the above-mentioned TS-2 cells. It is preferable to perform final screening by using a screening method using the effect of suppressing the growth of TS-2 cells in nude mice and improving the survival rate of the nude mice as an index.
- the present invention provides a screening kit for performing the above-described screening method.
- the kit includes, as the minimum components, a vector into which a gene encoding a MEF2 family protein has been inserted, and a vector into which the present chimeric gene has been inserted.
- other elements required for performing the screening method such as cells to be transformed with these vectors, culture solutions of the cells, dilution buffers, cell lysis buffers, fusion Elements for detecting proteins and / or free proteins (eg, specific antibodies, affinity chromatography columns, etc.) can also be added.
- Figure 1 shows the FISH method for translocation points in the chromosome Iq21-ci23 region
- FIG. 2 is a photograph showing cloning of the gene sequence at the translocation point.
- genomic DNA was first digested with Hindlll.
- the circular DNA generated by self-ligation was purified, and PCR was performed using primers designed from BAC98G7 for sequences close to the expected translocation point.
- the PCR product was subcloned and its nucleotide sequence was determined.
- the A1 / A2 primer was used for the first PCR, the B1 / B2 primer for the nested PCR, and the C1 / C2 primer for the control PCR.
- A R'T-PCR to identify chimeric transcripts of MEF2D-DAZAP1 and DAZAP1-MEF2D.
- Type II used the genomes of TS-2 cell (TS-2), peripheral blood leukocyte genome (N) and THP-4 cell (THP-4) in healthy subjects.
- TS-2 TS-2
- N peripheral blood leukocyte genome
- THP-4 cell THP-4 cell
- the MEF2D-DAZAP1 and DAZAP-MEF2D chimeric transcripts of the size found in the TS-2 cell genome were detected by RT-PCR using the genomic type from Patient 1 as type III.
- the MEF2D protein has a MADS domain and a MEF2 domain at the N-terminus, and a Transcription activation domain at the C-terminus.
- FIG. 4 is a photograph showing the intracellular localization of the chimeric protein by a fluorescent immunochemical method using the transiently expressed eptitoput protein.
- the expression plasmid constructed by fusing the full-length cDNA of MEF2D, DAZAP1, MEF2D-DAZAP1 and DAZAP1-MEF2D with FLAG tag was transiently transfected into cells. Each protein was detected using an anti-_FLAG (M2) monoclonal antibody.
- FIG. 5 is a photograph showing the interaction between MEF2D-DAZAP1 and MEF2D or HDAC4.
- the FLAG tag MEF2D and the Myc tag MEF2D-DAZAP1 were expressed in HEK293 cells by transient transfection, and the MEF2D protein was immunoprecipitated from the cell lysate using an anti-FLAG antibody. . It was shown that MEF2D protein and MEF2D-DAZAP1 protein co-precipitated.
- TS-2 cells a pre-cell ALL cell line
- a chromosomal translocation t (l; 19) (q23; 13) that causes cancer.
- the E1A-PBX1 fusion gene due to the chromosome translocation reported so far is not detected (Yoshinari, M., Imaizum'i, M., Eguchi'M., Ogasawara, M., Saito, T. , Suzuki, Ii "Koizumi, Y., Cui'Y.,
- Iinuma'K Establishment of a novel cell line (TS-2) of pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia with at (l; l9) not involving the E2A gene, Cancer Genet. Cytogenet., 101, 95- 102, 1998) . In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to determine the correct translocation site and identify the fusion gene associated with the translocation.
- RP11-98G7 was composed of a part of the MEF2D genomic gene region present in the chromosome (lq22) and contained a translocation point of the MEF2D gene (Fig. 1A). Left figure).
- the translocation region was clarified using Southern blot analysis.
- One probe in the RP-98G7 sequence detected translocation sites in TS-2 cells, but not in THP-4 cells isolated from normal ALL or normal peripheral blood leukocyte cells.
- the translocation region can be mapped by Southern analysis after restriction enzyme digestion and analysis of the restriction enzyme site using a computer for chromosome lq22, and the translocation site is determined from the EcoKI recognition site of chromosome lq22. It was found to be in the range of about 1.8Kb (Fig. 1B).
- Example 2 Inversion of chromosome 19ul3 by inverse PCR method ⁇ Identification of a gene located in a convenient location
- inverse PCR was performed using primers designed for the chromosome lq22 region and the self-ligated circular DNA of Hindlll-digested TS-2 cell genomic DNA as type III (Fig. 2).
- the nested-PCE product had the expected size of 1.6 Kb and was specifically detected in TS-2 cells ( Figure 2B).
- the nucleotide sequence was determined, and this PCK product was found to have both the chromosomal lq22 and 19pl3.3 sequences simultaneously with the translocation site sequence (Fig. 2C). This nucleotide sequence contained DAZAP1 (19p13.3) at the chromosome 19p translocation site.
- the translocation site spanned intron 6 of the MEF2D gene and intron 6 of the DAZAP1 gene. Furthermore, the genomic DNA of TS-2 cells was subjected to cycling PCR using primers specific to the MEF2D gene and DAZAP1 site to determine the rearranged genomic nucleotide sequence.
- cDNA was synthesized from the fusion transcript that caused the translocation, and its nucleotide sequence was determined.
- RNA was prepared from bone marrow cells of a patient (Patient 1) from which TS-2 cells were isolated, and RT-PCR was used to detect a fusion transcript derived from the translocation site.
- a patient Patient 1
- RT-PCR was used to detect a fusion transcript derived from the translocation site.
- 2 It was possible to detect various types of fusion mRNA (Fig. 3B).
- the two fusion transcripts were not detected when using RNA isolated from bone marrow cells of 13 other ALL patients with the t (l; 19) translocation. Determination of the base sequence of the fusion transcript revealed that the fusion occurred such that the protein sequence of the downstream gene was translated.
- the 222nd codon of the MEF2D gene and the 155th codon of DAZAP1 both code for glycine, and are fused in a state where the amino acid translation frames match to generate a chimeric transcript. It has been found.
- the MEF2D gene has about 34 Kb and consists of 12 exons (Breitbart, RE, Liang'CS, Smoot, LB, Laheru, DA, Mahdavi, V. &Nadal-Ginard'B .:
- a fourth human MEF2 transcripton factor, hMEF2D is an early marker of the myogenic lineage. Development, 118, 1095-1106, 1993). It encodes the transcription factor MADS-box family protein ( Figure 3C).
- This protein forms a homodimer or heterodimer and binds to a consensus sequence in the expression control region of a group of genes induced by a number of muscle-specific and growth-related genes, and is involved in the differentiation of skeletal muscle genes and cardiac muscle (Hobson , GM, Krahe.R., Gai'cia, E., Siciliano, MJ, &Funanage'VL: Regional chromosomal assignments for four members of the MADS domain transcription enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) gene family to human chromosomes 15q26, 19pl2, 5ql4 and lql2-23q.Genomics, 29, 704-711, 1995; McKinsey, TA, Zhang, CL & Olson, EN: MEF2: a calcium -dependent regulator of cell division, differentiation and death. Trends Biochem. Sci., 27, 40-47, 2002).
- MEF2 calcium -dependent regulator of cell division, differentiation and death.
- the DAZAPl gene is approximately 29 Kb and consists of 11 exons (Tsui, S. Dai, ⁇ ⁇ , Roettger, S., Schempp, W . ; Salido'EC &Yen'REL: Identification of two novel proteins that interact with germ -cell-specific RNA-binding proteins DAZ and DAZLl, Genomics, 65, 266-273, 2000).
- the DAZAP1 protein has two RNA recognition motifs (REMs) and a proline-rich C-terminal region ( Figure 3C), and binds to DAZ and DAZLl proteins via the DAZ repeat sequence (Dai, T., Vera, Y., Salido, EC & Yen, PH: Characterization of the mouse Daza 1 gene encoding an RNA-bmding protein that interacts with infertility factors DAZ and DAZL., BMC Genomics, 2, 6, 2001).
- REMs RNA recognition motifs
- Figure 3C proline-rich C-terminal region
- DAZAPl is expected to play an important role in spermatogenesis because it is abundantly expressed in testis (Vera, T., Dai, T., Hikim ; A., Lue'Y “Salido, EC" Swerdloff, RS & Yen, RH .: Deleted in azoospermia associated protein 1 shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm during normal germ cell maturation, J. Androl., 23, 622-628, 2002).
- the MEF2D-DAZAP1 chimeric protein found in the present invention comprises an N-terminal region of the MEF2D protein (having a MADS domain and a MEF2 domain required for dimer formation) and a C-terminal region containing a part of the second RRM of the DAZAP1 protein. Are fused.
- DAZAP1-MEF2D chimeric protein is fused and the C-terminal region comprising a first RRM and transcriptional activation region of the N-terminal region and MEF2D ⁇ white matter comprising partially the second RM of DAZAP1 protein (Fig. 3 C).
- MEF2D protein is a transcription factor with a DNA binding site and a transcription activation site
- Nadak-Ginard, B . A fourth human MEF2 transcription factor, hMEF2D, is an early marker of the myogenic lineage, Development, 118, 1095-1106, (1993), DAZAP 1 is a UNA binding protein (Tsui, S., Dai, T. Roetter, S., Schempp, W., Salido, EC & Yen, PH: Identification of two novel proteins that interact with germ- cell-specific RNA-binding proteins DAZ and DAZ1, Genomics, 65, 266-273, 2000). The subcellular localization of the chimeric transcript was determined and compared with the localization of the wild-type MEF2D protein and the wild-type DAZAP1 protein.
- MEF2D is one of the MEF2 family proteins such as HDAC4 and p300 proteins, and contains the MADS domain and MEF2 domain required for the formation of homodimers and heterodimers (Fig. 3C). Since the chimeric protein MEF2D-DAZAP 1 contains the MADS and MEF2 domains, it is thought to form a dimer with MEF2D itself or with other proteins that interact with MEF2D.
- HEK293 cells were cotransfected with plasmids expressing FLAG tag MEF2D and Myc tag MEF2D-DAZAP1, and cell extracts were prepared and immunoprecipitated.
- MEF2D and chimeric protein were co-precipitated (Fig. 5A), and it is concluded that both form a complex in the cell.
- the MEF2D-DAZAP1 fusion protein binds to HDAC4 more strongly than MEF2D (Fig. 5B).
- Myc tag MEF2D-DAZAP1 and FLAG tag When HDAC4 expression plasmids were cotransfected into HeLa cells, the results of the fluorescent immunocellular staining revealed that both proteins were present in the same site with scattered nuclei. It became clear. This result suggests that the MEF2D-DAZAP1 chimeric protein suppresses the function of MEF2D, probably by forming a heterodimer with MEF2D.
- MEF2D-DAZAP1 and DAZAP1-MEF2D fusion proteins are not clear.
- the formation of a heterodimer with the intracellular localization site of both fusion proteins indicates that this chimeric protein may interact with MEF2 family proteins (such as MEF2D or HDAC4). Strongly suggested.
- MEF2 protein The role of MEF2 protein is usually restricted to muscle tissue (Yu, YT, Breitbart, R., Smoot, LB, Lee, ⁇ ., Mandavi, V. & IN adal-Gmard, B .: Human myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2 comprising a group of tissue-related MADS box transcription factors., Genes Dev., 6, 1783-1798, 1992) / Pulka MEF2D controls the c-junp motor of HeLa cells growing in the presence of serum (Han'T.H. & Prywes, E .: Regulatory role of MEF2D in serum
- MEF2A and MEF2D expression was significantly increased during the differentiation of whole myeloid leukemia cells HL-60 into monosites (Shin, HH, Seoh, JY, Chung, HY, Choi, SJ, Han, MJ, Kang , JS, Choi, MS. & Han, TH: Requirement of MEF2D in the induced differentiation of HL60 promyeloid cells, Mol. Immunol., 36, 1209-1214, 1999). Furthermore, when HL-60 cells expressed a dominant negative body that did not contain the transcriptionally active region of MEF2D, differentiation into monosites was suppressed.
- Example 6 Example of screening system of MEF2D-DAZAP1 chimeric protein inhibitor
- MEF2D-DAZAP 1 Leukemia with translocation as primary screen Jung
- TS-2 Leukemia that inhibits cell growth but has an E2A-PBX1 translocation
- TMP4 screen for substances that do not or only weakly inhibit cell growth
- Bovine Serum, lOOunits / ml Bae Nishiri N ⁇ Pi 100 g / ml be sampled replica of TS-2 cells and THP4 cells in the presence RPMI-1640 medium containing Tomai thin at 3 7 ° C, C0 2 in Lee down Kyubeta one Incubate. Add 10 ⁇ concentration of compound during culture and culture for 2-3 days. After culturing, measure cell proliferation by ⁇ Assy.
- the MEF2D gene is transformed into pCMV-Tag2 or pCMV-Tag3 expression plasmid.
- a substance that inhibits the binding between the MEF2D-DAZAP1 chimeric protein and the MEF2D protein can be selected.
- a FLAG tag HDAC4 expression plasmid is prepared in the same manner.
- the FLAG tag HDAC4 expression plasmid and the Myc tag MEF2D-DAZAP1 expression plasmid are transfected into HEK293 cells.
- a substance that inhibits the binding between HDAC4 and MEF2D-DAZAP1 is identified using the same method as described above.
- the compound thus obtained is an inhibitor of the chimeric protein MEF2D-DAZAP1, and the next step is to test whether the inhibitor is effective in leukemia (TS-2) cell transplantation experiments using nude mice it can.
- Example 7 Screening method of MEF2D-DAZAP1 chimeric protein inhibitor using Homogeneous Time-Resolved Fluorescence assay
- the MEF2D-DAZAP1 chimeric protein, GST-MEF2D protein, and GST-HDAC protein are prepared as recombinant proteins using a conventional method.
- the MEF2D-DAZAP1 chimeric protein is labeled with biotin using an ordinary method.
- Bio- biotin-labeled MEF2D-DAZAP1 chimeric protein and GST-MEF2D protein in a buffer or an appropriately diluted HEK293 extract, and incubate at room temperature or 37 ° C for 30 minutes.
- Detect protein binding by adding Europium Cryptate (EuK) -labeled GST antibody (Packard, CT, USA) and Streptoavidine (SA) -labeled XL665 protein (Packard, CT, USA). Detection is performed using Discovery HTKF Microplate Anazyzer (Packard, CT, USA).
- Europium Cryptate When irradiated with a laser beam of 337 nm, Europium Cryptate absorbs light of this wavelength and transfers the absorbed energy to the XL665 protein (acceptor).
- the XL665 protein emits 665 nm emission light, and this fluorescence intensity is attenuated in a short time.
- oner Fluorophore is EuK and XL665, an allophycocyanin protein stabilized by an axceptor.
- Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) which is angularly S-mediated by both substances, causes energy transfer with 50% efficiency when both are present at a distance of 9.5 nm.
- the complex of EuK-GST antibody-GST-MEF2D-BioMEF2D-DAZAPl-SA.XL665 is formed, and the binding of GST-MEF2D and BioMEF2D-DAZAPl chimeric protein is measured using the ⁇ of EuK and XL665.
- the selected compound can be advanced to the secondary screening of (Example 6) and the tertiary screening to find the target drug.
- a useful novel chimeric protein associated with leukemia and a gene encoding the same are provided. Further, according to the present invention, it has become possible to carry out a molecular diagnosis of a translocation that has been unknown until now in precursor B cell ALL. That is, if the present patient had a chromosomal translocation of t (l; 19) (q23; pl3), only the generation of the E2A-PBX1 fusion gene could be detected until now, but according to the present invention. For the first time, it was possible to monitor the generation of this chimeric gene. This detection method can be performed by detecting a fusion gene, fusion m'RNA, fusion protein, etc. on the genome using leukocytes, genomic DNA, cell lysate, RNA, etc. prepared from the blood of the patient. It is. Furthermore, a novel leukemia screening method was provided using the present chimeric protein.
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WO2017111129A1 (ja) * | 2015-12-25 | 2017-06-29 | 国立大学法人名古屋大学 | 急性リンパ性白血病関連の新規遺伝学的異常及びその利用 |
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Cited By (7)
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WO2017073619A1 (ja) * | 2015-10-26 | 2017-05-04 | 国立大学法人東京大学 | 悪性リンパ腫又は白血病の罹患の有無の判別方法並びに白血病の治療及び/又は予防のための薬剤 |
JPWO2017073619A1 (ja) * | 2015-10-26 | 2018-08-09 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | 悪性リンパ腫又は白血病の罹患の有無の判別方法並びに白血病の治療及び/又は予防のための薬剤 |
US10828377B2 (en) | 2015-10-26 | 2020-11-10 | The University Of Tokyo | Method for determining presence or absence of suffering from malignant lymphoma or leukemia, and agent for treatment and/or prevention of leukemia |
JP7037147B2 (ja) | 2015-10-26 | 2022-03-16 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | 悪性リンパ腫又は白血病の罹患の有無の判別方法並びに白血病の治療及び/又は予防のための薬剤 |
JP2022060484A (ja) * | 2015-10-26 | 2022-04-14 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | 悪性リンパ腫又は白血病の罹患の有無の判別方法並びに白血病の治療及び/又は予防のための薬剤 |
JP7328641B2 (ja) | 2015-10-26 | 2023-08-17 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | 悪性リンパ腫又は白血病の罹患の有無の判別方法並びに白血病の治療及び/又は予防のための薬剤 |
WO2017111129A1 (ja) * | 2015-12-25 | 2017-06-29 | 国立大学法人名古屋大学 | 急性リンパ性白血病関連の新規遺伝学的異常及びその利用 |
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