WO2005073714A1 - Detecting water in hydrocarbon liquids - Google Patents

Detecting water in hydrocarbon liquids Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005073714A1
WO2005073714A1 PCT/IL2004/000086 IL2004000086W WO2005073714A1 WO 2005073714 A1 WO2005073714 A1 WO 2005073714A1 IL 2004000086 W IL2004000086 W IL 2004000086W WO 2005073714 A1 WO2005073714 A1 WO 2005073714A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
hydrocarbon
reagent
liquid
toner
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Application number
PCT/IL2004/000086
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Peter Forgacs
Dan Scheffer
Yael Warman
Original Assignee
Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. filed Critical Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
Priority to PCT/IL2004/000086 priority Critical patent/WO2005073714A1/en
Publication of WO2005073714A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005073714A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
    • G01N31/22—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
    • G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
    • G01N33/2835—Specific substances contained in the oils or fuels
    • G01N33/2847—Water in oils

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to detecting the presence of water in hydrocarbon liquids.
  • An image printed by a printing press using toner is typically printed using a set of toners- comprising for example Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and optionally Black toners, commonly referred to as CMYK.
  • Toners may be powder toners, comprising electrically charged pigmented toner particles in a powder form or liquid toners in which electrically charged pigmented toner particles are dispersed in a liquid carrier.
  • a carrier liquid in a liquid toner is a transparent hydrocarbon fluid such as an isoparaffin.
  • the transparent hydrocarbon liquid, Isopar L, manufactured by EXXON is an isoparaffin used as a main component of carrier liquid in some liquid toners.
  • Isoparaffins are hydrophobic and water generally has a very low solubility in an isoparaffin.
  • water can be introduced into and become dispersed in the carrier fluid of a liquid toner during production of the liquid toner or during storage or use. Even small amounts, for example about 100 ppm (parts per million), of water dispersed in an isoparaffin carrier fluid of a liquid toner can degrade quality of an image printed with the toner.
  • the paste is contemplated for use in the conventional manner by applying the paste to a suitable probe (presumably a dipstick), which is inserted and removed from a storage tank to determine the presence and level of the aqueous solution.
  • the paste is a relatively complicated composition comprising a liquid carrier, a caustic powder, a gelling agent, a surfactant, a filler, a water scavenger, an indicator dye, and a neutral dye.
  • the paste changes color upon contact with an aqueous solution in the pH range of about between 7 and 11.
  • An aspect of some embodiments of the invention relates to providing a simple, easy to use, method of detecting an admixture of water in a hydrocarbon liquid.
  • An aspect of some embodiments of the invention relates to providing a reagent, hereinafter an "indicator reagent", for detecting water in a hydrocarbon liquid.
  • an indicator reagent for detecting water in a hydrocarbon liquid is characterized by being substantially insoluble in the hydrocarbon but soluble in water.
  • the indicator reagent is a colored or uncolored salt.
  • the indicator reagent is a dye.
  • the indicator reagent is introduced into and optionally mixed with the hydrocarbon, for example by agitation. Appearance of the indicator color indicates that the hydrocarbon is contaminated with water. It is noted, that for a relatively low level of water contamination in a hydrocarbon liquid, it may be difficult to readily visually discern presence of an indicator color indicating the contamination. Furthermore, whereas an indicator color may relatively easily be detected visually when testing for water contamination of a transparent hydrocarbon, liquid toners are generally pigmented.
  • a quantity of the toner and an indicator reagent are introduced into a glass vessel, optionally a test tube, and shaken to mix the reagent and toner. The mixture is then left standing so that any water in the toner and reagent dissolved in the water settles to the bottom of the test tube. Afterwards, the toner is separated from the water and reagent solution. Separation may be achieved, for example, by pouring the toner out of the test tube or by turning the test tube upside down to displace the water from the bottom of the test tube.
  • the indicator reagent is a dye, such as for example, Fluorescein, Erythrosin B or Chrome Violet CG, that is insoluble in a hydrocarbon liquid but soluble in water, which when dissolved in water undergoes a color change.
  • the indicator reagent is a colored or uncolored inorganic salt, such as for example, Potassium Permanganate (KMnO 4 ). Potassium Permanganate has the form of tiny black crystals that are insoluble in hydrocarbon liquids and which when in contact with water color the water purple.
  • Other salts suitable for the practice of the invention are by way of example Cobalt Chloride (C0CI2), and Ferric Chloride (FeCl3).
  • the hydrocarbon liquid comprises an isoparaffin such as for example, an Isopar, a Norpar or Marcol L.
  • a method of determining contamination of a hydrocarbon liquid with water comprising: mixing a quantity of the hydrocarbon liquid with a reagent immiscible in the hydrocarbon that dissolves in water coloring the water with a distinctive indicator color; and determining if the indicator color appears to determine if the hydrocarbon is contaminated with water.
  • the hydrocarbon liquid comprises an isoparaffin.
  • the isoparaffin is defined by the formula C n H 2n+2 for which 5 ⁇ n ⁇ 18.
  • the reagent comprises an inorganic salt.
  • the salt is chosen from the group consisting of potassium permanganate, (KMnO4), Cobalt Chloride (C0CI2), and Ferric Chloride (FeCl3).
  • the reagent comprises a dye.
  • the dye is chosen from the group consisting of Fluorescein, Fluoresceinisothiocyanate, Eosin Y ws, Ethyl eosin, Eosin B, Phloxine, Erythrosin B, Rose bengal, Mercurochrome, Methyl Blue, Water Blue, Eriochrome, Cyanin R, Carmine and Chrome Violet CG.
  • mixing comprises mixing the hydrocarbon and reagent in a glass vessel.
  • mixing comprises shaking the vessel to mix the hydrocarbon and reagent.
  • the method comprises deteraiining if the indicator color appears comprises: allowing water in the hydrocarbon that mixes with the reagent to settle to the bottom of the vessel: pouring out the hydrocarbon so as to leave any water and reagent mix adhered to the glass; and determining if the indicator color stains or adheres to a region of the glass.
  • mixing comprises dripping or dispersing a quantity of the reagent onto a surface of the hydrocarbon.
  • the hydrocarbon liquid is comprised in a liquid toner.
  • the toner is pigmented.
  • the liquid toner comprises pigmented toner particles in the hydrocarbon liquid.
  • FIG. 1A-1D schematically show testing an optionally pigmented liquid toner "T” comprising an isoparaffin liquid carrier for contamination with water, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the isoparaffin is defined by the formula, C n H 2n+ with n satisfying the relationship 5 ⁇ n ⁇ 18, for example,
  • Isopar B Isopar C, Isopar E, Isopar G, Isopar H, Isopar J, Isopar L, Isopar M, Isopar V, and
  • FIG. 1 A schematically shows a quantity of liquid toner "T” being mixed with a quantity of indicator reagent "IR" optionally in a glass test tube 20 to form a mixture "M".
  • Indicator reagent IR is substantially insoluble in the isoparaffin carrier liquid and when in contact with water dissolves in the water and undergoes a reaction that colors the water with a distinctive indicator color.
  • indicator reagent IR is a dye insoluble in the carrier liquid but soluble in water, which when dissolved in water undergoes a color change
  • Dyes suitable for the practice of the invention are for example, Fluorescein, Fluoresceinisothiocyanate, Eosin Y " ws, Ethyl eosin, Eosin B, Phloxine, Erythrosin B, Rose bengal, Mercurochrome, Methyl Blue, Water
  • indicator reagent IR is a colored or uncolored inorganic salt such as Potassium Permanganate (KMnO 4 ).
  • Potassium Permanganate has the form of tiny black crystals that are insoluble in hydrocarbon liquids. However, when it comes into contact with water, Potassium Permanganate dissolves in the water and undergoes disassociation staining the water purple. The inventors have determined that about 10 pp (parts per million) of Potassium Permanganate in Isopar L can be used to detect about 100 ppm of water in the isoparaffin.
  • inorganic salts suitable for the practice of the invention are for example, Cobalt Chloride (C0CI2) or Ferric Chloride (FeCl3).
  • C0CI2 Cobalt Chloride
  • FeCl3 Ferric Chloride
  • Fig. IB test tube 20 is sealed with a stopper 22 and optionally manually vigorously shaken to disperse indicator reagent IR throughout mixture M.
  • Fig. 1C test tube 20 is supported undisturbed, optionally in a test tube rack 24, for a sufficient time to allow water that contaminates mixture M to settle to the bottom of the test tube.
  • toner T is contaminated with water and Fig.
  • FIG. 1C schematically shows mixture M after water has separated out from the mixture leaving a quantity of water, represented by asterisks "W", colored with an indicator color by interaction of reagent IR with the water, at the bottom of the test tube.
  • Toner T lies above water W in test tube 20.
  • water W is shown as clearly visible, in actuality because toner T may be pigmented with a color from which the indicator color of reagent IR is not easily distinguished and or an amount of water W may be very small, water W may not be readily discerned.
  • toner T is separated from mixture M (Fig. 1C) by being poured out of test tube 20.
  • test tube 20 is optionally stoppered and simply turned upside down to separate the toner from the reagent-water solution, which sticks to the glass. It is noted that whereas in the above description of an embodiment of the invention, toner T and indicator reagent IR are mixed in a glass vessel (test tube 20), it is possible to practice the present invention without mixing the toner and reagent in a glass vessel. And though advisable, it is not necessary in all cases to thoroughly mix the reagent and hydrocarbon liquid.
  • a mix of water and reagent it is also not necessary to allow a mix of water and reagent to settle to the bottom of a container to determine presence of an indicator color, which will become evident from a color change in a region of the liquid.
  • the indicator color of indicator reagent IR is easily distinguished against a background of transparent or pigmented toner T.
  • a suitable quantity of reagent IR may be dripped or dispersed onto a surface of a quantity of toner T contained in any suitable container (including for example the toner shipping container) and tell-tale appearance of the indicator color used to indicate contamination.

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Abstract

A method of determining contamination of a hydrocarbon liquid with water comprising: mixing a quantity of the hydrocarbon liquid with a reagent immiscible in the hydrocarbon that dissolves in water, coloring the water with a distinctive indicator color; and determining if the indicator color appears to determine if the hydrocarbon is contaminated with water.

Description

DETECTING WATER IN HYDROCARBON LIQUIDS FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to detecting the presence of water in hydrocarbon liquids. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION An image printed by a printing press using toner is typically printed using a set of toners- comprising for example Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and optionally Black toners, commonly referred to as CMYK. Toners may be powder toners, comprising electrically charged pigmented toner particles in a powder form or liquid toners in which electrically charged pigmented toner particles are dispersed in a liquid carrier. • Typically, a carrier liquid in a liquid toner is a transparent hydrocarbon fluid such as an isoparaffin. By way of an example, the transparent hydrocarbon liquid, Isopar L, manufactured by EXXON is an isoparaffin used as a main component of carrier liquid in some liquid toners. Isoparaffins are hydrophobic and water generally has a very low solubility in an isoparaffin. However, water can be introduced into and become dispersed in the carrier fluid of a liquid toner during production of the liquid toner or during storage or use. Even small amounts, for example about 100 ppm (parts per million), of water dispersed in an isoparaffin carrier fluid of a liquid toner can degrade quality of an image printed with the toner. It is known to use pastes that change color when they contact water to determine excess water level in storage tanks containing such hydrocarbon liquids as gasoline gasoline/alcohol blends diesel fuel, jet fuel and fuel oils. The paste is applied to a dipstick, which is inserted into the tank: and removed. A height along the dipstick to which the paste changes color indicates a water level in the tank. Sartomer of Exton PA, USA markets a paste under the trade name SAR-GEL for detecting the water level in a storage tank. The paste changes from off-white to bright red in the presence of water. US patent 6,376,250 describes a color changing paste for determining the presence and level of an aqueous solution admixed with hydrocarbons in a storage device. The paste is contemplated for use in the conventional manner by applying the paste to a suitable probe (presumably a dipstick), which is inserted and removed from a storage tank to determine the presence and level of the aqueous solution. The paste is a relatively complicated composition comprising a liquid carrier, a caustic powder, a gelling agent, a surfactant, a filler, a water scavenger, an indicator dye, and a neutral dye. The paste changes color upon contact with an aqueous solution in the pH range of about between 7 and 11. The patent notes that the paste is particularly adapted for use in determining the water level in the bottom of gasoline or turbine fuel storage and transporting tanks. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An aspect of some embodiments of the invention relates to providing a simple, easy to use, method of detecting an admixture of water in a hydrocarbon liquid. An aspect of some embodiments of the invention relates to providing a reagent, hereinafter an "indicator reagent", for detecting water in a hydrocarbon liquid. In accordance with an embodiment of the invention an indicator reagent for detecting water in a hydrocarbon liquid is characterized by being substantially insoluble in the hydrocarbon but soluble in water. Optionally, when in contact with water it dissolves in the water and undergoes a reaction that colors the water with a distinctive "indicator" color. Optionally, the indicator reagent is a colored or uncolored salt. Optionally the indicator reagent is a dye. To detect water in a hydrocarbon liquid in accordance with an embodiment of the invention the indicator reagent is introduced into and optionally mixed with the hydrocarbon, for example by agitation. Appearance of the indicator color indicates that the hydrocarbon is contaminated with water. It is noted, that for a relatively low level of water contamination in a hydrocarbon liquid, it may be difficult to readily visually discern presence of an indicator color indicating the contamination. Furthermore, whereas an indicator color may relatively easily be detected visually when testing for water contamination of a transparent hydrocarbon, liquid toners are generally pigmented. When using an indicator reagent to test for water contamination of a pigmented liquid toner it may be impractical to discern the reagent's indictor color against a background color of the pigmented toner. Hydrocarbons do not stick to some materials, such as glass and in general have a specific gravity less than that of water. Glass on the other hand is hydrophilic. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention these differences in the characteristics of water and hydrocarbons are used to aid in ascertaining the appearance of an indicator color. In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, to test for water contamination of a hydrocarbon liquid such as an optionally pigmented liquid toner, a quantity of the toner and an indicator reagent are introduced into a glass vessel, optionally a test tube, and shaken to mix the reagent and toner. The mixture is then left standing so that any water in the toner and reagent dissolved in the water settles to the bottom of the test tube. Afterwards, the toner is separated from the water and reagent solution. Separation may be achieved, for example, by pouring the toner out of the test tube or by turning the test tube upside down to displace the water from the bottom of the test tube. The water and reagent solution, which sticks to glass, is not displaced with the toner but remains at the bottom of the test tube. The color of any water and reagent solution concentrated at the bottom of the test tube is relatively easily discerned. (In general, undissolved indicator reagent will not stick to glass and will not remain stuck to the bottom of the test tube.) In some embodiments of the invention, the indicator reagent is a dye, such as for example, Fluorescein, Erythrosin B or Chrome Violet CG, that is insoluble in a hydrocarbon liquid but soluble in water, which when dissolved in water undergoes a color change. In some embodiments of the invention, the indicator reagent is a colored or uncolored inorganic salt, such as for example, Potassium Permanganate (KMnO4). Potassium Permanganate has the form of tiny black crystals that are insoluble in hydrocarbon liquids and which when in contact with water color the water purple. Other salts suitable for the practice of the invention are by way of example Cobalt Chloride (C0CI2), and Ferric Chloride (FeCl3). In some embodiments of the invention, the hydrocarbon liquid comprises an isoparaffin such as for example, an Isopar, a Norpar or Marcol L. There is thus provided, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention a method of determining contamination of a hydrocarbon liquid with water comprising: mixing a quantity of the hydrocarbon liquid with a reagent immiscible in the hydrocarbon that dissolves in water coloring the water with a distinctive indicator color; and determining if the indicator color appears to determine if the hydrocarbon is contaminated with water. Optionally, the hydrocarbon liquid comprises an isoparaffin. Optionally, the isoparaffin is defined by the formula CnH2n+2 for which 5< n <18. In an embodiment of the invention, the reagent comprises an inorganic salt. Optionally, the salt is chosen from the group consisting of potassium permanganate, (KMnO4), Cobalt Chloride (C0CI2), and Ferric Chloride (FeCl3). In an embodiment of the invention, the reagent comprises a dye. Optionally, the dye is chosen from the group consisting of Fluorescein, Fluoresceinisothiocyanate, Eosin Y ws, Ethyl eosin, Eosin B, Phloxine, Erythrosin B, Rose bengal, Mercurochrome, Methyl Blue, Water Blue, Eriochrome, Cyanin R, Carmine and Chrome Violet CG. In an embodiment of the invention, mixing comprises mixing the hydrocarbon and reagent in a glass vessel. Optionally, mixing comprises shaking the vessel to mix the hydrocarbon and reagent. . Optionally, the method comprises deteraiining if the indicator color appears comprises: allowing water in the hydrocarbon that mixes with the reagent to settle to the bottom of the vessel: pouring out the hydrocarbon so as to leave any water and reagent mix adhered to the glass; and determining if the indicator color stains or adheres to a region of the glass. Optionally, mixing comprises dripping or dispersing a quantity of the reagent onto a surface of the hydrocarbon. In an embodiment of the invention, the hydrocarbon liquid is comprised in a liquid toner. Optionally, the toner is pigmented. Optionally, the liquid toner comprises pigmented toner particles in the hydrocarbon liquid. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES Non-limiting examples of embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to figures attached hereto, which are listed following this paragraph. In the figures, identical structures, elements or parts that appear in more than one figure are generally labeled with a same numeral in all the figures in which they appear. Dimensions of components and features shown in the figures are chosen for convenience and clarity of presentation and are not necessarily shown to scale. Figs. 1A-1D schematically show testing a toner for the presence of water in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Figs. 1A-1D schematically show testing an optionally pigmented liquid toner "T" comprising an isoparaffin liquid carrier for contamination with water, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In some embodiments of the invention the isoparaffin is defined by the formula, CnH2n+ with n satisfying the relationship 5 < n < 18, for example,
Isopar B, Isopar C, Isopar E, Isopar G, Isopar H, Isopar J, Isopar L, Isopar M, Isopar V, and
Norpar 5, Norpar 6, Norpar 7, Norpar 12, Norpar 13, Norpar 15 and Marcol. Fig. 1 A schematically shows a quantity of liquid toner "T" being mixed with a quantity of indicator reagent "IR" optionally in a glass test tube 20 to form a mixture "M". Indicator reagent IR is substantially insoluble in the isoparaffin carrier liquid and when in contact with water dissolves in the water and undergoes a reaction that colors the water with a distinctive indicator color. Optionally, indicator reagent IR is a dye insoluble in the carrier liquid but soluble in water, which when dissolved in water undergoes a color change, Dyes suitable for the practice of the invention are for example, Fluorescein, Fluoresceinisothiocyanate, Eosin Y" ws, Ethyl eosin, Eosin B, Phloxine, Erythrosin B, Rose bengal, Mercurochrome, Methyl Blue, Water
Blue, Eriochrome, Cyanin R, Carmine, Chrome Violet CG. In some embodiments of the invention, indicator reagent IR is a colored or uncolored inorganic salt such as Potassium Permanganate (KMnO4). Potassium Permanganate has the form of tiny black crystals that are insoluble in hydrocarbon liquids. However, when it comes into contact with water, Potassium Permanganate dissolves in the water and undergoes disassociation staining the water purple. The inventors have determined that about 10 pp (parts per million) of Potassium Permanganate in Isopar L can be used to detect about 100 ppm of water in the isoparaffin. Other inorganic salts suitable for the practice of the invention are for example, Cobalt Chloride (C0CI2) or Ferric Chloride (FeCl3). In Fig. IB test tube 20 is sealed with a stopper 22 and optionally manually vigorously shaken to disperse indicator reagent IR throughout mixture M. In Fig. 1C test tube 20 is supported undisturbed, optionally in a test tube rack 24, for a sufficient time to allow water that contaminates mixture M to settle to the bottom of the test tube. By way of example, it is assumed that toner T is contaminated with water and Fig. 1C schematically shows mixture M after water has separated out from the mixture leaving a quantity of water, represented by asterisks "W", colored with an indicator color by interaction of reagent IR with the water, at the bottom of the test tube. Toner T lies above water W in test tube 20. Whereas, in Fig. 1C, for convenience of presentation water W is shown as clearly visible, in actuality because toner T may be pigmented with a color from which the indicator color of reagent IR is not easily distinguished and or an amount of water W may be very small, water W may not be readily discerned. In Fig. ID, toner T is separated from mixture M (Fig. 1C) by being poured out of test tube 20. The water reagent solution, which tends to stick to glass, does not pour out with toner T and remains as an indicator colored "liquid stain" relatively easily discerned at the bottom of test tube 20. In some embodiments of the invention instead of pouring out the toner, test tube 20 is optionally stoppered and simply turned upside down to separate the toner from the reagent-water solution, which sticks to the glass. It is noted that whereas in the above description of an embodiment of the invention, toner T and indicator reagent IR are mixed in a glass vessel (test tube 20), it is possible to practice the present invention without mixing the toner and reagent in a glass vessel. And though advisable, it is not necessary in all cases to thoroughly mix the reagent and hydrocarbon liquid. In some instance it is also not necessary to allow a mix of water and reagent to settle to the bottom of a container to determine presence of an indicator color, which will become evident from a color change in a region of the liquid. For example, assume that the indicator color of indicator reagent IR is easily distinguished against a background of transparent or pigmented toner T. Then, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, a suitable quantity of reagent IR may be dripped or dispersed onto a surface of a quantity of toner T contained in any suitable container (including for example the toner shipping container) and tell-tale appearance of the indicator color used to indicate contamination. It is also noted that whereas in the above description of an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a toner is tested for water contamination, practice of the invention is not limited to testing toner for water contamination. In general the present invention is suitable for testing substantially any hydrocarbon liquid for water contamination. In the description and claims of the present application, each of the verbs, "comprise" "include" and "have", and conjugates thereof, are used to indicate that the object or objects of the verb are not necessarily a complete listing of members, components, elements or parts of the subject or subjects of the verb. The present invention has been described using detailed descriptions of embodiments thereof that are provided by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The described embodiments comprise different features, not all of which are required in all embodiments of the invention. Some embodiments of the present invention utilize only some of the features or possible combinations of the features. Variations of embodiments of the present invention that are described and embodiments of the present invention comprising different combinations of features noted in the described embodiments will occur to persons of the art. The scope of the invention is limited only by the following claims.

Claims

1. A method of determining contamination of a hydrocarbon liquid with water comprising: mixing a quantity of the hydrocarbon liquid with a reagent immiscible in the hydrocarbon that dissolves in water coloring the water with a distinctive indicator color; and determining if the indicator color appears to determine if the hydrocarbon is contaminated with water.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the hydrocarbon liquid comprises an isoparaffin.
3. A method according to claim 2 wherein the isoparaffin is defined by the formula CnH2n+2 for which 5< n <18.
4. A method according to any of the preceding claims whereon the reagent comprises an inorganic salt.
5. A method according to claim 4 wherein the salt is chosen from the group consisting of potassium permanganate, (KMnO-i), Cobalt Chloride (C0CI2), and Ferric Chloride (FeCl3).
6. A method according to any of claims 1-3 wherein the reagent comprises a dye.
7. A method according to claim 6 wherein the dye is chosen from the group consisting of Fluorescein, Fluoresceinisothiocyanate, Eosin Y ws, Ethyl eosin, Eosin B, Phloxine, Erythrosin
B, Rose bengal, Mercurochrome, Methyl Blue, Water Blue, Eriochrome, Cyanin R, Carmine and Chrome Violet CG.
8. A method according to any of claims 1-7 wherein mixing comprises mixing the hydrocarbon and reagent in a glass vessel.
9. A method according to claim 8 wherein mixing comprises shaking the vessel to mix the hydrocarbon and reagent.
10. A method according to claim 8 or claim 9 wherein determining if the indicator color appears comprises: allowing water in the hydrocarbon that mixes with the reagent to settle to the bottom of the vessel; pouring out the hydrocarbon so as to leave any water and reagent mix adhered to the glass; and determining if the indicator color stains or adheres to a region of the glass.
11. A method according to any of claims 1-7 wherein mixing comprises dripping or dispersing a quantity of the reagent onto a surface of the hydrocarbon.
12. A method according to any of the preceding claims wherein the hydrocarbon liquid is comprised in a liquid toner.
13. A method according to claim 12 wherein the toner is pigmented.
14. A method according to claim 12 wherein the liquid toner comprises pigmented toner particles in the hydrocarbon liquid.
PCT/IL2004/000086 2004-01-29 2004-01-29 Detecting water in hydrocarbon liquids WO2005073714A1 (en)

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JPS59225352A (en) * 1983-06-06 1984-12-18 Mitsui Petrochem Ind Ltd Analytical reagent of moisture in oil
US4676931A (en) * 1985-11-18 1987-06-30 Travis Basil B Diagnostic test reagents and method for testing liquid petroleum fuels
US4962039A (en) * 1988-06-30 1990-10-09 2V Industries, Inc. Simple and rapid method for detecting the presence of water in various organic fluids
US5229295A (en) * 1992-04-02 1993-07-20 Travis Basil B Method for testing gasoline for water and alcohol in the presence or absence of the other
US5290516A (en) * 1990-03-05 1994-03-01 Bacharach, Inc. Moisture indicator

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US3041870A (en) * 1958-03-26 1962-07-03 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Water detection in hydrocarbon fuels
US3003353A (en) * 1958-09-29 1961-10-10 Yosemite Chemical Co Method and apparatus for testing oil for moisture content
US2968940A (en) * 1958-12-02 1961-01-24 Exxon Research Engineering Co Method for detecting dispersed water in hydrocarbons
GB867757A (en) * 1958-12-02 1961-05-10 Exxon Research Engineering Co Method for detecting dispersed water in hydrocarbons
GB1116183A (en) * 1965-03-18 1968-06-06 Cav Ltd A method and apparatus for indicating the presence of water in a fuel system
JPS59225352A (en) * 1983-06-06 1984-12-18 Mitsui Petrochem Ind Ltd Analytical reagent of moisture in oil
US4676931A (en) * 1985-11-18 1987-06-30 Travis Basil B Diagnostic test reagents and method for testing liquid petroleum fuels
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