Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
  • C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
  • C11D9/22—Organic compounds, e.g. vitamins
  • C11D9/38—Products in which the composition is not well defined
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
  • A61K8/965—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution of inanimate origin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
  • C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
  • C11D9/22—Organic compounds, e.g. vitamins
  • C11D9/26—Organic compounds, e.g. vitamins containing oxygen
  • C11D9/265—Organic compounds, e.g. vitamins containing oxygen containing glycerol
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
  • H04B7/14—Relay systems
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
  • H04B7/14—Relay systems
  • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
  • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a surfactant. More particularly, the present invention relates to a surfactant used for cleaning. More particularly, the present invention relates to soap. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a medicinal soap that alleviates and/or arrests the symptoms brought about by, or associated with, diseases and/or conditions such as eczema, dermatitis, acne, psoriasis, athlete's foot and various skin allergies.
• diseases and/or conditions such as eczema, dermatitis, acne, psoriasis, athlete's foot and various skin allergies.
• Soap is an anionic surfactant. Soaps are made from fats and oils, or their fatty acids, by treating them chemically with a strong alkali.
• the fats and oils used in making soap generally come from animal or plant sources.
• Each fat or oil is made up of a distinctive mixture of several triglycerides, each triglyceride including three fatty acid molecules attached to one molecule of glycerine.
• Saponification of fats and oils is the most commonly used soap making process. This involves heating the fats and oils, and reacting them with an alkali, usually in liquid form, to produce soap and water (neat soap) and glycerine.
• Another process for making soap involves the neutralisation of fatty acids with an alkali.
• the fats and oils are hydrolysed with a high pressure steam to yield crude fatty acids and glycerine.
• the fatty acids are then purified by distillation and subsequently neutralised with an alkali to produce soap and water (neat soap).
• Glycerine is usually removed from the final product, because it is inclined to soften the soap and moreover, due to its inherent moisturising qualities is perceived to have greater value as a base for shampoos, bath oils, skin creams and like products.
• the alkali is sodium hydroxide, a sodium soap is formed.
• Sodium soaps are "hard/solid" soaps.
• the alkali is potassium hydroxide, a potassium soap is formed. Potassium soaps are softer and are found in some liquid hand soaps and shaving creams.
• any reference to a sodium soap is to be construed to mean that the soap product is hard or in solid form, for example, a bar of soap of any shape, and that any reference to a potassium soap is to be construed to mean that the soap product is in liquid or gel form, for example, a liquid hand soap.
• soaps tend to absorb moisture from the skin leaving the skin dry. This can exacerbate certain skin conditions caused by dry skin, for example, eczema.
• certain constituents of soap for example, colourants etc. added to the soap to make it more desirable to act as an allergen.
• soaps which are moisturising and/or hypoallergenic.
• Sapropel is a clay-like material, which is known as a source material for oil and natural gas.
• the term, sapropel is derived from the Greek sapros, meaning “decayed” and pelos meaning “mud”, and denotes a range of marine and lacustrine sediments containing organic and inorganic components. Sapropels range from the black organic oozes associated with the Silurian rock formations to variously coloured Holocene deposits.
• sapropels are found as lake deposits. They may have their origin in peat formed in subsequent layers of vegetation. For example, sapropel from the Lake Sakhtysh region of north-west Russia is mined from beneath dry peat land.
• Marine sapropels can also occur which are also Holocene. They are associated with the seas bordering arid regions, such as Louisiana and the Sierra Nevada of Venezuela, and the eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea in Europe.
• sapropels have been reported to form at a rate of 1mm per annum.
• the organic components of sapropel accumulates in micro-laminations from a continuous rain of organic debris originating in vast reed beds bordering the lakes and is therefore autochthonous, i.e. originating from within the area of the lake.
• the inorganic component of sapropel is probably allochthonous, i.e. originating from outside the lake, but the migration of certain minerals such as calcium, magnesium and sulphur may originate from allochthonous organic sources.
• Sapropels exhibit varying alkalinity.
• sapropels having a pH greater than 7 are termed "lime-sapropels" and are usually characterised by the presence of several species of snails.
• Sapropel can form in marine environments, as well as in freshwater lakes.
• sulphur-rich water acts as a reducing agent and provides an environment where organic debris can form sapropel.
• the sulphur itself is derived from the partial decomposition of plant and animal matter.
• the adjacent landmass is usually arid and well-leached of plant-growth supporting minerals. This may result in a correspondingly high supply of nutrients supporting a rich diversity of biota off the coast.
• sapropel-rich lakes are situated on low-lying land.
• the lake bedrock is relatively insoluble and the lakeside soils tend to be podzols, from which nutrients are easily leached.
• the organic compound is derived from limnic (surface) vegetation, in particular, reeds. As these herbaceous plants pass through their annual cycle of growth and decay, they give rise to a continuous stream of organic waste material that accumulates on the lakebed. Here decomposition is continued in the form of digestion of the lignified tissues. Sulphur from protein bonding is liberated in the form of hydrogen sulphide gas, which combines with dissolved oxygen to form soluble sulphurous acid. In a typical sapropel lake, there is little replacement oxygen as the water tends to be stagnant, and after a while, all the available oxygen is used up such that decomposition slows down, and eventually stops altogether. Thereafter, the digestion of organic material becomes anaerobically controlled, giving rise to chemical reductions and the precipitation of certain minerals. Some lakes have been accumulating sapropel undisturbed for over
• sapropel has been utilised as a fertiliser.
• the use of sapropel as a fertiliser has not been pursued due to its low nitrogen content; this, despite the fact, that many attempts have been made to increase its nitrogen content.
• sapropel has also been utilised in some countries as a supplement to animal feed.
• soap characterised in that the soap includes sapropel and glycerine.
• glycerine which is usually removed from soap, and sapropel when present in soap.
• Such synergy resulting in a soap which is not only moisturising, but also arrests or reverses the symptoms, for example, cracked skin, associated with, or brought about by, skin complaints, diseases or conditions such as eczema, dermatitis, psoriasis, acne, athlete's foot and skin allergies.
• the soap of the present invention for use as a medicament.
• the soap of the present invention can be used to arrest or reverse the symptoms of cracked skin and/or itchiness and/or weeping and/or rashes indicative of skin complaints or conditions such as eczema, dermatitis, psoriasis, acne, athletes foot and skin allergies.
• the sapropel component of the soap was first prepared.
• the saproprel component was black sapropel, it Avas oven dried by convection and then dry roasted to arrive at a fine powder.
• the sapropel component was white sapropel, it was air dried and subsequently ground to form a fine powder.
• the beeswax which was included to catalyse the saponification reaction resulting in the soap, was then heated until it was in liquid form. So too were the coconut oil and the olive oil. Both were heated to approximately 65 °C and then, with a view to facilitating the blending of the oils, were cooled to 40 °C.
• the NaOH was then added to the water and was allowed to stand until it had reached the same temperature as the oils, approximately 40 °C.
• the oils and mixture of water and NaOH were then added to a batch reactor, preferably a steam double boiler with offset rotary paddle.
• soap from a previous batch was also added to the reactant mixture.
• the pH of the reactant mixture was tested. When a pH of about 8 had been reached the desired fragrances and colour constituents were added.
• the resultant mixture whilst still in a liquid state, was subsequently poured off into stainless steel column moulds, insulated and placed in a warm room where they remained for 6 days. This enabled the saponification reaction to continue in the moulds until the mixture solidifies.
• the resultant soap was then removed from the moulds and allowed to dry for a further 2 weeks. The soap was then subsequently cut into bars and stacked for 8 weeks, during which time the soap loses water, shrinks and stabilises.
• test group of approximately 30 people of mixed gender and varying age all suffering from at least one of the above skin conditions were selected.
• the inventors also conducted a case study of a female of approximately 25 years of age who has suffered from the following conditions:
• Psoriasis The subject suffered from sporadic psoriasis around hairline, ears and eyebrows. After utilising the soap of the present invention, the subject noticed that the areas affected by the condition were less inflamed and sore. After using the soap a second time there was a reduction in inflamed skin.
• the subject also suffered from sporadic eczema between her fingers.
• the sap of daffodils had left the subject's skin covered in a red, itchy and inflamed rash. After a week of severe discomfort, the subject utilised the soap. The symptoms associated with this condition were alleviated almost immediately after one application of the soap. After 3 days of continuing with the use of the soap, the rash had completely disappeared.
• the subject also reacts to exposure to sun. Usually, the exposure results in raised lumps and blotches. could be said to resemble hives.
• the soap of the present invention the subject noticed that the symptoms associated with exposure to the sun, namely, the raised lumps and blotches which prickled, were alleviated.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Signal Processing (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Dermatology (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Birds (AREA)
• Emergency Medicine (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
• Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)
• Cosmetics (AREA)
• Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
• Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

Priority Applications (8)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (13)

Cited By (2)

Families Citing this family (5)

Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (17)

• 2004
  • 2004-01-16 KR KR1020067016444A patent/KR101068106B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2004-01-26 GB GBGB0401634.1A patent/GB0401634D0/en not_active Ceased
• 2005
  • 2005-01-21 ES ES05701988T patent/ES2311208T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2005-01-21 WO PCT/GB2005/000226 patent/WO2005070385A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2005-01-21 DK DK05701988T patent/DK1713438T3/da active
  • 2005-01-21 EP EP05701988A patent/EP1713438B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2005-01-21 DE DE602005007858T patent/DE602005007858D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2005-01-21 PL PL05701988T patent/PL1713438T3/pl unknown
  • 2005-01-21 JP JP2006550285A patent/JP4848289B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-01-21 PT PT05701988T patent/PT1713438E/pt unknown
  • 2005-01-21 AT AT05701988T patent/ATE399532T1/de active
  • 2005-01-21 US US10/597,440 patent/US7871968B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-01-21 CA CA002554587A patent/CA2554587A1/en not_active Abandoned

Patent Citations (4)

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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