WO2005063810A1 - Facteur cytotoxique isole associe a la sclerose en plaques et procede de detection dudit facteur cytotoxique - Google Patents
Facteur cytotoxique isole associe a la sclerose en plaques et procede de detection dudit facteur cytotoxique Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005063810A1 WO2005063810A1 PCT/FR2004/050748 FR2004050748W WO2005063810A1 WO 2005063810 A1 WO2005063810 A1 WO 2005063810A1 FR 2004050748 W FR2004050748 W FR 2004050748W WO 2005063810 A1 WO2005063810 A1 WO 2005063810A1
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- gm2ap
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/564—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for pre-existing immune complex or autoimmune disease, i.e. systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid factors or complement components C1-C9
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/52—Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/24—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against cytokines, lymphokines or interferons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- C07K16/30—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants from tumour cells
- C07K16/3076—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants from tumour cells against structure-related tumour-associated moieties
- C07K16/3084—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants from tumour cells against structure-related tumour-associated moieties against tumour-associated gangliosides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/30—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
- C07K2317/32—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency specific for a neo-epitope on a complex, e.g. antibody-antigen or ligand-receptor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/28—Neurological disorders
- G01N2800/285—Demyelinating diseases; Multipel sclerosis
Definitions
- Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease of the central nervous system of man, evolving by succession of remission and pushing phases or according to a regular progression, whose anatomopathological characteristic consists in the formation of well delimited zones of de yelination in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord. Histologically, these areas present at the early stage of the lesion process, a breakdown of the peri-axonal myelin associated with an attack of the glial cells responsible for this demyelination.
- Macrophagic inflammatory activation involving microglial cells tissue macrophages residing in the central nervous system
- macrophages from infiltrated blood monocytes is associated with this demyelination process and contributes to the destruction of myelinated sheets.
- tissue macrophages residing in the central nervous system tissue macrophages residing in the central nervous system
- probably macrophages from infiltrated blood monocytes is associated with this demyelination process and contributes to the destruction of myelinated sheets.
- a relative depletion in glial cells is found while a proliferation of astrocytes develops at the periphery and can invade the demyelinated plaque to generate a fibrous or gliotic plaque.
- These sclerotic structures are at the origin of the name given to the disease. Another characteristic of these plaques is their almost systematic association with a vascular element around which they develop.
- BBB blood-brain barrier
- One of the determining elements in the maintenance of the BBB is constituted by the underlying presence of cytoplasmic extensions of astrocytes, called astrocytic feet.
- the astrocytic feet induce the formation or allow the maintenance of tight junction structures which ensure the cohesion of the capillary endothelial barrier embodying the BBB.
- various pathological models report the alteration of the BBB and a depletion of the astrocytic feet.
- CSF cerebrospinal fluid
- serum of MS patients of at least one factor which exhibits toxic activity with respect to human or oligodendrocytic cells or animal.
- This toxic activity is characterized by cytomorphological disorganization of the network of intermediate filaments and / or degradation of the proteins of said filaments and / or cell death by apoptosis of glial cells.
- MTT methyltetrazolium
- GM2AP proteins precursor of the ganglioside activator GM2
- saposin B were thus measured in the urine of MS and non MS patients.
- the results presented in patent application WO 01/05422 showed that GM2AP and saposin B were present at high concentrations in the urine of MS patients compared to the concentrations found in non-MS individuals and that these two proteins which are co -detected in the urine of MS patients could represent a marker of the pathology.
- the inventors had also established a correlation between the detection of the proteins G 2AP and saposin B in the urine and the gliotoxicity measured in these urines by the MTT test and showed that there was a correlation between high urinary concentration and gliotoxicity for these two proteins.
- the inventors concluded that the GM2AP and / or saposin B proteins were involved in the mechanism of gliotoxicitis and that they could probably act in combination to induce gliotoxicitis.
- the present inventors have now wanted to know the activity of the proteins identified in patent application WO 01/05422 by using the MTT test and to see whether the gliotoxicity discovered in the urine of patients suffering from multiple sclerosis was linked to the proteins identified.
- GM2 or ganglioside GM2 is a complex lipid found in brain tissue.
- the subject of the present invention is the isolated, purified cytotoxic factor associated with multiple sclerosis, said cytotoxic factor being the heterocomplex GM2AP / GM2 / MRP1 or mutated GM2AP / GM2 / MRP14, it being understood that mutated GM2AP corresponds to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2.
- cytotoxic factor being the heterocomplex GM2AP / GM2 / MRP1 or mutated GM2AP / GM2 / MRP14, it being understood that mutated GM2AP corresponds to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2.
- These isolated, purified heteroco plexes are useful as markers of MS pathology and more precisely of a form of the disease, of a stage of the disease, of a period of activity of the disease, as well as in the follow-up of patients treated for this pathology.
- the present inventors then developed a method, a composition and a reaction mixture for detecting and / or quantifying the GM2AP / GM2 / MRP1 and mutated GM2AP / GM2 / MRP heterocomplexes in samples of individuals susceptible to sclerosis. in plaques or with clinical signs of this pathology.
- the method consists in detecting and / or quantifying the cytotoxic factor, associated with multiple sclerosis, in a biological sample, by isolating from said biological sample the heterocomplex GM2AP / GM2 / MRP1 or mutated GM2AP / G 2 / MRPl4.
- isolation of the heterocomplex is meant all the conditions which allow the specific detection of the heterocomplex.
- the isolation of said heterocomplex can be carried out by any appropriate means.
- any appropriate means There may be mentioned 'way of example, non-denaturing electrophoresis, the column chromatography, methods for the degradation of the biological medium compounds, with the exception of the heterocomplex (such as for example a treatment with proteinase) as well as any other method making it possible to detect a physicochemical characteristic of said heterocomplex, such as than molecular weight, isoelectric point or any other suitable means.
- At least one antibody or at least two antibodies which bind (s) specifically to the heterocomplex are used, and said cytotoxic factor is detected and / or quantified by demonstrating the formation of d 'a complex constituted by the heterocomplex and the antibody or by the demonstration of a complex constituted by the heterocomplex and the two antibodies.
- at least one of said antibodies is a capture antibody and at least the other of the antibodies is a detection antibody.
- the capture antibody is chosen from the antibodies which specifically bind to the GM2AP / GM2 complex, to the mutated GM2AP / GM2 complex, to the MRP14 / GM2 complex, to the GM2AP / MRP14 complex and to the mutated GM2AP / MRPl4 complex, and the antibody detection is chosen from the antibodies which specifically bind to the GM2AP / GM2 complex, to the mutated GM2AP / GM2 complex, to the MRP14 / GM2 complex, to the GM2AP / MRP14 complex and to the mutated GM2AP / MRP14 complex.
- the heterocomplex is isolated using at least two antibodies, at least one of which binds specifically to GM2AP or GM2AP mutated from the heterocomplex and at least the other binds specifically to MRP14 of the heterocomplex, and said cytotoxic factor is detected and / or quantified by demonstrating the formation of a complex constituted by the heterocomplex and the two antibodies.
- at least one of said abovementioned antibodies is a capture antibody and at least the other of said antibodies is a detection antibody.
- the demonstration of the formation of the complex consisting of the heterocomplex and at least one antibody or by the heterocomplex and at least two antibodies can be carried out by any appropriate means, for example by screening according to size using a sorting apparatus, by screening according to molecular weight using a separation column or by direct or indirect labeling at least one antibody or by any other suitable means.
- the method consists in (i) (i) having a biological sample to be tested, (ii) bringing said biological sample into contact with at least one capture antibody, said capture antibody being chosen from the antibodies which specifically bind to GM2AP protein, mutated GM2AP protein, MRP14 protein, GM2AP / GM2 complex, mutated GM2AP / GM2 complex and MRP14 / GM2 complex; and with at least one labeled detection antibody, said detection antibody being chosen from antibodies which specifically bind to the GM2AP protein, to the mutated GM2AP protein, to the MRP14 protein, to the GM2AP / GM2 complex, to the mutated GM2AP / GM2 and the MRP14 / GM2 complex, and (iii) the cytotoxic factor is detected and / or quantified by detection and / or quantification of the labeled detection antibody, it being understood that the mutated GM2AP corresponds to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2.
- the detection and / or quantification of the cytotoxic factor is carried out using different immunoassay principles which are well known to those skilled in the art, such as ELISA and ELFA, and advantageously a sandwich type immunoassay is used.
- the sandwich immunoassay can be carried out in one or more stages, ie without a washing stage or with one or more washing stages.
- the detection antibody or antibodies are labeled with any suitable label.
- the labeling can thus be radioactive labeling, labeling with an enzyme, labeling with a fluorescent molecule, labeling with a vitamin, a colorimetric marking.
- the marker is preferably a vitamin, biotin
- the detection is carried out by the addition of streptavidin coupled to horseradish peroxidase and the development is carried out by the addition of orthophenylenediamine dihydrochloride.
- the antibody or capture antibodies are immobilized directly or indirectly on a solid phase.
- the term "antibody” used in the present invention includes monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, their fragments and their derivatives. By antibody fragment is meant the fragments F (ab) 2, Fab, Fab ', sFv of a native antibody 6 ' 7 and by derivative is understood, inter alia, a chimeric derivative of a native antibody 8 ' 9 .
- humanized antibodies are chimeric antibodies which comprise a minimal sequence derived from a non-human immunoglobulin.
- humanized antibodies are human immunoglobulins (receptor antibodies) in which residues of a hypervariable region of the receptor are replaced by residues of a hypervariable region of a donor species (donor antibody), such as mouse, rat, rabbit or non-human primate, having the specificity, affinity and capacity desired.
- donor antibody such as mouse, rat, rabbit or non-human primate
- the residues (FR) of the Fv region of human immunoglobulin are replaced by corresponding non-human residues.
- humanized antibodies may include residues which are not found in the recipient antibody or in the donor antibody. These modifications are made to improve the performance of the antibody.
- the humanized antibody will comprise at least and preferably two variable domains, in which all or almost all of the hypervariable loops correspond to a non-human immunoglobulin and all or almost all of the FR regions will be those of a human immunoglobulin.
- the optionally humanized antibodies may also comprise at least part of a constant region (Fc) of an immunoglobulin, such as a human immunoglobulin 10 ' 11 ' 12 . Mention may in particular be made of the anti-GM2AP and anti-MRP14 antibodies described in application WO 01/05422.
- the agent responsible for gliotoxic activity and involved in cytotoxicity corresponds to the heterocomplex GM2AP / GM2 / MRP14 or mutated GM2AP / GM2 / MRP14 allows the production of anti-heterocomplex antibodies which are capable of specifically link to the GM2AP / GM2 complex, to the mutated GM2AP / GM2 complex, to the MRP14 / GM2 complex, to the GM2AP / MRP14 complex or to the GM2AP / mutated GM2AP complex.
- the production of such antibodies is well known to those skilled in the art.
- the GM2AP / GM2 / MRP14 or GM2AP / GM2 / MRP14 hererocomplex is used as an immunogen to immunize BALB / c mice by intraperitoneal injection.
- the first injection is made with complete Freund's adjuvant.
- the other injections are given 4-8 weeks apart with incomplete Freund's adjuvant.
- a final reminder is made a few days before the fusion in physiological water.
- the spleens of the immunized mice are removed and the splenocytes are collected. Then, the fusion of the spleen cells with cells of a myeloma line is carried out and the cells secreting antibodies are selected which recognize in ELISA the heterocomplex used for immunization.
- the sample to be tested is subjected to a preliminary treatment comprising: a step of digestion of the proteins of the sample with proteinase K; a step of inactivation of proteinase K, for example by precipitation with trichloroacetic acid, and a step of neutralization of the pH, for example by addition of a tris-random buffer.
- the biological sample to be tested is serum, plasma, urine or cerebrospinal fluid, preferably urine.
- the antibodies used in the process of the invention are the following monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies: 10E11A11, 13D1E5, 13H9C9, 19C11C10, 2G12H5, 79, 2B9H2, 4A7B10, 5H7C10 and 196.
- any antibody which has the characteristic of specifically binding to the GM2AP protein, to the mutated GM2AP protein, to the MRP14 protein, to the GM2AP / GM2 complex, to the mutated GM2AP / GM2 complex, to the MRP14 / GM2 complex, to the GM2AP / RP14 complex or to the complex Mutated GM2AP / MRP1 is part of the invention, the methods for obtaining such antibodies being well known to those skilled in the art, as described above.
- the antibodies used in the ELISA sandwich detection and / or quantification test of the invention are the following monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies: capture antibodies 10E11A11, 13D1E5, 2G12H5, 4A7B10, 5H7C10, 2B9H2, and 79 detection antibody 10E11A11, 4A7B10, 5H7C10, 2B9H2 13H9C9, 19C11C10, 13D1E5 and 2G12H5.
- the capture and detection antibodies are advantageously chosen from among the pairs: 2B9H2 / 10E11A11, 10E11A11 / 4A7B10 + 5H7C10, 13D1E5 + 2G12H5 / 4A7B10 + 5H7C10, 79 / 4A7B10 + 5H7C10, 79 / 2B9H2, 4A7B10 / 10H10 + 101071010 5H7C10 / 13H9C9 + 19C11C10, 2B9H2 / 10E11A11, 2B9H2 / 13H9C9 + 19C11C10, 13D1E5 + 2G12H5 / 4A7B10 + 5H7C10, 79 / 2B9H2, 4A7B10 + 5H7C10 / 5E7A10 / 5E7A10 / 5E7A10 13H9C9 + 19C11C10.
- the aforementioned monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies are new and also form part of the objects of the present invention. Their mode of production will be described in more detail in the experimental part.
- the selected and preferred pairs of capture and detection antibodies are also new and also form part of the objects of the present invention.
- the present invention also relates to a composition for the detection and / or the quantification of the abovementioned cytotoxic (gliotoxic) factor in a biological sample to be tested, said composition comprising at least one antibody which specifically binds to the GM2AP / GM2 / MRP14 or GM2AP mutated / GM2 / MRP1 heterocomplex.
- said composition comprises at least two antibodies which specifically bind to the heterocomplex.
- the subject of the present invention is also a composition for the detection and / or quantification of the abovementioned cytotoxic (gliotoxic) factor in a biological sample to be tested, said composition comprising in a reaction mixture and simultaneously at least one capture antibody and at least one labeled detection antibody, said antibodies being chosen from antibodies which bind specifically to the GM2AP protein, to the mutated GM2AP protein and to the heterocomplex protein MRP14.
- the capture and detection antibodies are chosen from the following monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies: 10E11A11, 13D1E5, 13H9C9, 19C11C10, 2G12H5, 79, 2B9H2, 4A7B10, 5H7C10 and 196.
- said composition comprises at least one antibody of capture selected from antibodies 10E11A11, 13D1E5, 2G12H5, 4A7B10, 5H7C10, 2B9H2, and 79; and at least one detection antibody chosen from detection antibodies 10E11A11, 4A7B10, 5H7C10, 2B9H2 13H9C9, 19C11C10, 13D1E5 and 2G12H5.
- antibody of capture selected from antibodies 10E11A11, 13D1E5, 2G12H5, 4A7B10, 5H7C10, 2B9H2, and 79
- detection antibody chosen from detection antibodies 10E11A11, 4A7B10, 5H7C10, 2B9H2 13H9C9, 19C11C10, 13D1E5 and 2G12H5.
- compositions include the following pairs of capture and detection antibodies: 2B9H2 / 10E11A11, 10E11A11 / 4A7B10 + 5H7C10, 13D1E5 + 2G12H5 / 4A7B10 + 5H7C10, 79 / 4A7B10 + 5H7C10, 79 / 2B9H2, 4A7B10 + 4A7B10 + 5H7C10 / 13H9C9 + 19C11C10, 2B9H2 / 10E11A11, 2B9H2 / 13H9C9 + 19C11C10, 13D1E5 + 2G12H5 / 4A7B10 + 5H7C10, 79 / 2B9H2, 4A7B10 + 5H7C10 / 10E11A11, 4A7B10 + 5H7C10 / 13D1E5 + 22G12H5, 2B9H2 / 13D1E5 + 22G12H5, 2B
- the subject of the invention is also a reaction mixture for the detection and / or quantification of the abovementioned cytotoxic (gliotoxic) factor, said mixture comprising at least two antibodies, at least one of which binds specifically to GM2AP or GM2AP mutated from heterocomplex and at least the other specifically binds to MRP14 of the heterocomplex.
- reaction mixture is meant a homogeneous or heterogeneous medium which simultaneously comprises at least the two abovementioned antibodies.
- at least one of said antibodies is a capture antibody and at least the other of said antibodies is a detection antibody.
- Another object of the invention is a complex comprising the heterocomplex linked to at least two antibodies, of which at least one of the antibodies is specific for GM2AP or for mutated GM2AP and at least the other antibody is specific for RP14.
- the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 corresponds to the sequence of the GM2AP protein.
- the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2 corresponds to the sequence of the GM2AP protein mutated in exon 2, at position 40 (replacement of an aspartic acid by a phenylalanine.
- the sequence SEQ ID NO: 3 corresponds to the sequence of the mutated GM2AP protein, having mutations in both exon 1, exon 2 and exon 4.
- the sequence to take into account is the sequence identified in the sequence identifier in SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the sequence to be taken into account is the sequence identified in the sequence identifier in SEQ ID NO: 2; it being understood that in the sequences SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2 can be found either at position 153 a valine or an alanine, as explained in the experimental part in Example 3.
- equivalent experiments can be carried out taking into consideration the mutated GM2AP protein exhibiting mutations in both exon 1, in exon 2 and in exon 4, as identified in the sequence identifier in SEQ ID NO: 3. Figure.
- the appended figure represents the dose-response curve of the ternary complex GM2AP + MRP14 + GM2 (GM2: 50 ⁇ g / ml final).
- the quantities of MRP14 are represented on the abscissa (in ng) and the percentage of cytotoxicity corresponding to the percentage of dead cells is represented on the ordinate.
- the quantities of GM2AP in ng are respectively represented by the following symbols: ⁇ : 5 ng, ⁇ : 10 ng, ⁇ : 20 ng, ⁇ : 50 ng and ⁇ : 100 ng.
- a similar experiment was carried out with the mutated GM2AP protein instead of the GM2 protein. The results obtained are similar to those presented in the appended figure.
- Example 1 MTT test protocol.
- CLTTl-1 cells are astrocytes derived from this transgenic mouse expressing the large T gene of polyoma virus 13 . These cells are cultured at 37 ° C. in a humid atmosphere at 5% C0 2 , in Dubelcco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) / Ham's F12 medium (50/50) 4.5 g / 1 of D-glucose supplemented with 10 % of Fetal Calf Serum (SVF) not decomplemented, gluta ax (580 mg / 1), penicillin (500 units / 1) and streptomycin (500 ⁇ g / 1).
- DMEM Dubelcco's Modified Eagle's Medium
- Ham's F12 medium 50/50
- the TUC reagent (TRIS 20 mM, urea 250 mM, CaCl 2 1 mM) is a solution mimicking the chemistry of urine.
- the deposit is homogenized and, to avoid evaporation, a protective film is applied to the top of the plates.
- the revelation by the MTT test is carried out.
- the cell supernatant is aspirated, taking care not to remove the cells from the bottom of the wells. 250 ⁇ l of MTT solution (0.5 mg / ml in culture medium) are gently deposited on the cells.
- the solution is aspirated and the formazan crystals formed in the cells are solubilized with isopropanol, HC1 IN (40 ⁇ l / ml).
- 70 ⁇ l of solution from each well of the 48-well plate are transferred to the wells of a 96-well plate, in order to read the optical density.
- the absorbances are read at 570 nm / 650 nm.
- Example 2 Preparation of urine pools. 100 liters of MS urine (0.2-0.5 liters from patients' first morning urination) were collected. The urine of patients contaminated with bacteria or that of patients treated with drugs likely to interfere with the bioassay of gliotoxicite 4 were eliminated. The individual samples were tested for gliotoxicity and a final pool of 46 liters of urine with significant gliotoxicity, by the MTT test, was selected. In parallel, an equivalent volume of urine from healthy donors with negative gliotoxicity for each sample was obtained. The stages of concentration and purification of this material, the protein analysis and the identification strategy are presented below. • Purification of urinary proteins. The SEP positive and SEP negative urine pools were purified to obtain a high protein concentration.
- Precipitation Precipitation with ammonium sulphate (Prolabo - ref. 21 333 365) was carried out on the pools of SEP positive and SEP negative urine. The percentage of 60% of saturated ammonium sulphate for 40% of urine, ie 390 grams of ammonium sulphate per liter of urine was used. Each pool is divided into 1.8 liter fractions in 2 liter flasks to improve precipitation. The precipitation was carried out for 2 x 8 hours, at ambient temperature, with gentle stirring.
- the pads are brought to the column by a peristaltic pump which allows a regular flow.
- the column equilibration buffer is the 20 mM Tris buffer, pH 7.
- the fraction corresponding to the precipitation supernatant and containing an excessively high amount of salts is dialyzed against this buffer before depositing on the column.
- Elution by a salt gradient makes it possible to recover the proteins.
- the elution gradient is carried out in steps of NaCl 100, 200, 300, 500 mM in the equilibration buffer of the column.
- the elution fractions are tested by the MTT test. Only the positive fractions, that is to say the fractions eluted at 200 Mm NaCl, are preserved.
- the elution buffer used contains 100 mM phosphate, 100 mM sodium sulfate, pH 6.8.
- the separation of the protein mixture was carried out in 60 min. Only the fraction corresponding to a mass of 15-20,000 daltons has been kept. This fraction is dialyzed in a 20 mM Tris buffer containing 0.2 mM CaCl 2 , pH 7.2, then lyophilized. At each step, only the fractions with significant toxic activity were selected for the next step. A check of the toxic activity of the proteins was carried out at each step, using the MTT test. only the fractions exhibiting significant toxic activity were retained for the additional purification step.
- the proteins were eluted with a linear gradient of 5% to 15% of buffer A in 5 min., Then from 15% to 100% of buffer B in 95 min., At a flow rate of 0.5 ml / min.
- the separation buffers A and B used are respectively the 0.1% TFA buffer (Pierce n ° 28904) / MilliQ water and the 0.09% TFA / 80% acetonitrile buffer (Baker). Detection was carried out by measuring the UV absorbance at 205 and 280 nm. The fractions were collected in 1.5 ml and 0.5-1 ml fractions in the area of interest. The fractions were frozen after collection in dry ice.
- the collection pool for fraction X76 / 43 obtained by HPLC was deposited on a 16% SDS-TRICINE gel pre-molded with 10 wells and 1 mm thick (sold by the company Novex). The conditions of use of the gel correspond to those recommended by the supplier.
- the sample is taken up in 75 ⁇ l of the sample buffer 1 time concentrated (SDS-TRICINE N ° LC 1676, 1 ml twice concentrated + 50 ⁇ l of ⁇ -mercaptoethanol (Pierce) diluted 1/2 in water) and 25 ⁇ l of the sample are deposited on the gel three times.
- the collection pool for fraction X76 / 43 from the negative SEP pool was deposited on the gel under the same conditions as those described for the positive SEP pool.
- the migration on the two gels was carried out in parallel in the same migration tank (XCELL II NOVEX (trade name)) at a constant voltage of 125 V for 2 hours.
- the tank is placed in a container containing ice.
- the gels were stained directly after migration by zinc / imidazole staining (staining kit 161-0440 sold by the company BIORAD) to obtain a reversible negative staining. • Trypsin digestion of the gel strips. All the protein bands visualized in the deposits of fraction X76 / 43 were cut and subjected to proteolysis in a trypsin solution overnight.
- the gel strips are cut with a scalpel into 1 mm slices and transferred into eppendorf tubes.
- the eppendorfs are subjected to a centrifugation peak to bring down the pieces of gel and after centrifugation 100 ⁇ l of washing buffer (100 Mm NH 4 CO 3 /50% CH 3 CN) are added to the pieces of gel. After 30 min. stirring at room temperature, the supernatant is removed in fractions of 20 ⁇ l and the washing step is repeated twice.
- the eppendorfs are dried for 5 min. in speed vac. 20 ⁇ g of trypsin (Modified sequenal grade PROMEGA V5111) (trade name) are taken up in 200 ⁇ l of digestion buffer (5 mM TRIS, pH 8) and are dissolved for 30 min.
- Example 3 Mass spectrometry and protein sequencing. • MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis of proteolytic fragments. 30 ⁇ l of extraction buffer (2% TFA / 50% acetronitrile) are added to the samples.
- the eppendorfs to be analyzed are subjected to a centrifugation of 5 min., Then to a sonication of 5 min. and finally to a centrifugation of 1 min.
- 14 deposits of 0.5 ⁇ l of matrix ⁇ -cyano-4-hydroxy-trans-cinnamic acid saturated in acetone
- a thin uniform microcrystalline layer is obtained.
- 0.5 ⁇ l of a 2% TFA / water solution are deposited on this sublayer over the 14 deposits, then 0.5 ⁇ l of sample to be analyzed are added.
- the extractions of the gel bands, digested with trypsin, are injected on a column C18 / MZ- Vydac / (125x1, 6) mm / 5 ⁇ m (trade name).
- the elution of the peptides is done at a flow rate of 150 ⁇ l / min. and in a gradient ranging from 5% of buffer B (0.09% TFA / 80% acetronitrile) to 40% of buffer B in 40 min., then from 40% of buffer B to 100% of buffer B in 10 min.
- the detection is made by measuring the UV absorbance at 205 nm. The peaks are collected in 500 ⁇ l eppendorf tubes.
- N-terminal sequencing The fractions corresponding to a single mass peak were analyzed by Edman degradation on a sequencer (Model 477A PERKIN ELMER / Applied Biosystems). The sequencing conditions are those described by the manufacturer. A micro cartridge was used for depositing the samples and the PTH-AminoAcid are identified with an online HPLC system (Model 120A PERKIN ELMER / Applied Biosystems). •Results
- MW mean molecular weight
- ISM identification by mass spectrometry
- IS identification by sequencing
- NI remaining peaks not identified
- ND not determined *: identical to the G-terminal 20 kDa fragment of perlacan probably resulting from the previous proteolysis of the complete protein of 467 kDa in the urine or during the purification process.
- Two other mutations in exon 2 respectively at positions 59 and 69 of the amino acid sequence of GM2AP which correspond to the replacement of an isoleucine by a valine and of a methionine by a valine.
- a mutation in exon 4 which consists of replacing a valine with an alanine at position 153 of the amino acid sequence of GM2AP, appeared to be a new polymorphism not described after different sequencing of the genomic DNA of lymphocytes from healthy individuals (blood donors) and patients with multiple sclerosis. This mutation in exon 4 was found in 3 out of 27 MS patients tested, as well as in 8 out of 27 control individuals suggesting a normal polymorphism. Another mutation is found in exon 4, at position 171 of the amino acid sequence of GMPA2, where a lysine is replaced by a glutamine.
- the amino acid sequences of GM2AP and mutated GM2AP are respectively represented in the sequence identifier in SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2, it being understood that in these two sequences SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2 we can find either at position 153 a valine or an alanine, since the mutation in exon 4 for this position suggests a normal polymorphism.
- Example 4 Recombinant proteins. Recombinant proteins (purchased or produced by transfection) were used to assess the gliotoxic potential of the candidate proteins. The so-called “non-human” proteins, that is to say recombinant proteins produced in a prokaryotic expression system (E.
- the protein MRP14 (or Calgranulin B or S100A9) fused in N-terminal with a histidine tail and produced in E. coli; the protein MRP8 (or Calgranulin A or S100A8) produced in E. coli; and the native human heterocomplex MRP14 / MRP8 (or Calprotectin), purchased from Dr. C. Kerkhoff (University of Munster, Germany).
- the protein GM2AP (precursor of the activator of the ganglioside GM2) fused in N-terminal with a histidine tail produced in Baculovirus and the protein Sap B (Saposin B) produced in yeast, purchased from Pr K. Sandhoff (Kekule Institute, University of Bonn, Germany). These proteins have their own physiological activity described in the literature.
- the so-called “human” proteins that is to say recombinant proteins produced in a eukaryotic expression system in human cells transfected with an appropriate plasmid having integrated the insert to be expressed were produced according to the protocol described below.
- the 293T cells primary human embryonic kidney cells transformed with a type 5 adenovirus, expressing the T antigen were cultured at 37 ° C.
- the 293T cells are transfected with a “Transfectant” reagent composed of lipids which complex and transport the DNA in the cells.
- the 293T cells are trypsinized, seeded to 2 million cells per 75 cm 2 flask, and incubated overnight at 37 ° C, in a humid atmosphere and 5% C0 2 in 10 ml of culture medium (DMEM 4.5 g / 1 of D-glucose supplemented with 10% of decomplemented fetal calf serum (SVF), glutamax (580 mg / 1), penicillin (100 units / ml) and streptomycin (100 ⁇ g / l)).
- DMEM 4.5 g / 1 of D-glucose supplemented with 10% of decomplemented fetal calf serum (SVF), glutamax (580 mg / 1), penicillin (100 units / ml) and streptomycin (100 ⁇ g / l)
- the transfection solution is prepared extemporaneously using the ratio 3/2 [volume of Transfectant ( ⁇ l) / quantity of plasmid DNA ( ⁇ g)] qs 1ml of " medium without SVF. After 45 minutes of contact at room temperature, the solution transfection is added dropwise onto a non-confluent cell mat After 72 hours of incubation at 37 ° C., in a humid atmosphere and 5% CO 2 , the supernatants are recovered and centrifuged for 10 minutes at 2500 rpm.
- MRP Enzyme Immunoassay assay kit (trade name) marketed by BMA Biomedicals AG, Augst, Switzerland, following the instructions for the recombinant human protein MRP14, or by the technique of semi-quantitative Western Blot with antibodies polyclonal of anti-GM2AP rabbit. These techniques give indicative values for a relative comparison.
- the crude supernatants from this production will be used in particular for toxic activity and detection tests.
- Example 5 Toxicity of "non-human” proteins.
- the toxicity of the “non-human” recombinant proteins MRP14, MRP8, GM2AP, SapB was evaluated by the MTT test. Proteins were tested in a defined range from the assessment of the concentration of each protein in different urine. The ranges are produced in different buffers, either in the TUC solution, or in two types of urine: urine from patients with multiple sclerosis who were toxic by the MTT test (urine MS), and urine from '' recruitment of non-MS donors who were not toxic by the MTT test (normal urine). The urine had previously been treated 30 min. at 56 ° C and filtered.
- Combinations of GM2AP / MRP14, Saposin B / MRP14 and Saposin B / GM2AP / MRP14 proteins were then prepared in TUC eb solution in both types of urine as described above.
- the MRP14 / 8 heterocomplex or the MRP8 protein replace the MRP14 protein in the different GM2AP / MRP14 / 8, Saposin B / GM2AP / MRP8 combinations.
- the “control” combinations were prepared in the same way. All the combinations were incubated overnight at 4 ° C before being tested for their toxicity by the MTT test. The results are presented in Table 3.
- MRP14 / 8 native human heterocomplex Sap.
- B Saposin B *: average of two tests
- Table 3A show that the combinations GM2AP / MRP14, GM2AP / MRP14 / 8, Saposin B / MRP14 and GM2AP / MRP14 / Saposin B have no toxic effect in TUC, whatever the quantity tested. Only the GM2AP (10ng) / MRP14 (0.5ng) combination seemed to present a toxicity, but this toxic activity was not subsequently found in two additional comparable trials. In addition, additional tests have been carried out with the GM2AP / MRP14 combination using different amounts of GM2AP and of MRP14. The results obtained confirmed that the GM2AP / MRP14 combination has no toxic effect in TUC, whatever the quantity tested.
- Table 3B Range in normal urine.
- the GM2AP / MRP14 combination is toxic in normal urine since the toxicity increases as the amount of GM2AP protein increases. However, this toxicity appears not very stable and not very reproducible and seems to be dependent on the urine sample (see comparison of the percentage of cytotoxicity between normal urine 1 and normal urine 2, in Table 3B).
- the combination of Saposin B / MRP14 is at the limit of significance in normal urine. The results obtained with the GM2AP / MRP14 / Saposin B combination are difficult to interpret.
- the toxicity of the combinations of GM2AP / MRP14 and Saposin B / MRP14 proteins was also tested against normal urine and toxic urine from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS urine). The results are presented in Table 3C.
- the combination Saposin B / MRP14 has no toxic effect in normal urine and in MS urine, regardless of the amount tested.
- the GM2AP / MRP14 combination does not have a toxic effect with respect to normal urine 1, but has a toxic effect with respect to normal urine 2 (when GM2AP increases, the toxicity of urine increases). There is also an opposite effect with respect to MS urine. When the amount of MRP14 increases, the toxicity of urine decreases.
- Example 6 Toxicity of “Human” Proteins
- the GM2AP, GM2AP proteins mutated in exon 2 and MRP14 produced as described in Example 3 were tested for their toxicity by the MTT test, using culture supernatants from 293T cells. containing them. The following combinations were also carried out using culture supernatants from 293T cells: GM2AP / MRP14, mutated GM2AP / MRP1, GM2AP / MRP14 / MRP8. The combinations prepared were then incubated overnight at 4 ° C, then they were tested for their toxicity by the MTT test.
- C% cytotoxicity in percentage ND: not determined Approximate protein concentrations in the supernatants MRP14 lots 1 and 2350 ng / ml; GM2AP batch 1: 300 ng / ml batch 2: 200 ng / ml
- GM2AP / MRP14 combinations are weakly cytotoxic (from 20 to 30% of cytotoxicity) with an optimum for the GM2AP (20 ng) / MRP14 combination (0.5 ng).
- MRP14 alone is not cytotoxic.
- GM2AP alone is not considered to be cytotoxic, even if very low toxicity was found in tests 1 and 2 carried out on batch 2. In fact, the reproducibility cannot be perfect because it depends on the production batch of the supernatants .
- C% cytotoxicity in percentage ND: not determined Approximate concentration of GM2AP and MRP14 in the supernatant: 2 ⁇ g / ml Rejection:% of cytotoxicity rejected because the standard deviation of the OD of the samples is greater than 50 *: standard deviation of the OD of the samples between 16 and 11 No comment: standard deviation of the OD of the samples less than 10.
- GM2AP protein is replaced by the GM2AP protein mutated in this combination, the same type of toxicity is obtained for certain mixtures, as shown below.
- C% percentage cytotoxicity *: standard deviation of the ODs of the samples between 14 and 11 Without comment: standard deviation of the ODs of the samples less than 10
- Approximate protein concentration in the supernatants mutated G 2AP: 200 ng / ml; MRP14: 350 ng / ml.
- the mutated GM2AP / MRPl4 combination is toxic.
- the mutated GM2AP protein alone has no cytotoxic effect.
- MRP14 alone is considered to have no cytotoxic activity.
- cytotoxicity of the combinations of supernatants containing the recombinant human proteins, GM2AP / MRP14 and mutated GM2AP / MRPl4 is found in the same order of magnitude, with greater stability depending on the production batch of the proteins, than with non-recombinant proteins. human. However, this does not correspond to the stability, reproducibility and intensity of the gliotoxic activity found in the biological fluids of MS patients. 4D table
- C% percentage cytotoxicity Approximate protein concentration in the supernatants: GM2AP (lot 1): 300 ng / ml, GM2AP (lot 2): 200 ng / ml. Concentration of native MRP14 / 8: 1.3 mg / ml. It appears from the results of Table 4D that GM2AP alone has no cytotoxic activity and that for certain values, indicated in bold, the combination GM2AP / MRP14 / MRP8 has a cytotoxic effect. This cytotoxicity is dependent on the batch of supernatant used.
- C% percentage cytotoxicity Approximate protein concentration in mutated GM2AP supernatants: 200 ng / ml. Concentration of native MRP14 / 8: 1.3 mg / ml.
- lipids in particular complex lipids, are interesting candidates in this context.
- ganglioside GM1 ganglioside GM2
- sulfatide a lipid that was tested.
- ganglioside GM2 proved to be the only convincing, as shown by the examples which follow.
- Example 7 Toxicity of “human” recombinant proteins in association with ganglioside 6M2.
- the ganglioside GM2 (supplied by Professor J. Portoukalian (Lyon France)) is added at a concentration of 50-— ⁇ g / ml final to the combinations of —recombinant “human” proteins already produced, involving the proteins MRP14, GM2AP and GM2AP mutated .
- the combinations GM2AP / MRP14 and mutated GM2AP / MRPl4 were tested in a range of proteins: 0, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 ng for the recombinant proteins GM2AP and mutated GM2AP and up to 200 ng for the protein MRP14. These ranges were made in association or not with ganglioside GM2. After mixing, the combinations are incubated overnight at 4 ° C, their toxicity is then evaluated by the MTT test.
- Table 5A Measurement of the gliotoxic activity of “human” proteins combined and associated with the ganglioside GM2 (50 ⁇ g / ml final)
- the combination GM2AP / MRP14 associated with a constant concentration of ganglioside presents a gliotoxic effect which increases in parallel with the quantity of protein MRP14.
- GM2AP protein 20 and 10 ng
- a typical dose-response effect increasing in stages is obtained.
- GM2AP protein 20 ng
- there is no toxicity there is no toxicity.
- there are any too much GM2AP protein 50 ng and 100 ng
- there is saturation of toxicity with a plateau at around 60%.
- CLTTl-1 cells proliferating in the culture during exposure to the gliotoxic factor are sensitive. This explains that the gliotoxicity plateaus do not reach 100%.
- the mutated GM2AP / MRPl4 combinations are not gliotoxic.
- An overall increase in the cytotoxicity of the mixture with the ganglioside GM2 is observed compared to the combinations without ganglioside.
- the variability of the measurements is apparently greater with the use of the mutated GM2AP protein.
- the activity appears significant and reaches a maximum plateau (cf.: maximum reached on the pool of proliferating cells during the test, as previously discussed) for the highest concentrations, according to a two-variable dose effect, GM2AP mutated and MRP14.
- GM2 ganglioside In order to know whether the action of GM2 ganglioside is specific for the toxicity of combinations of recombinant human proteins GM2AP / MRP14 (5 ng of MRP14 and 50 ng or 100 ng of GM2AP), other lipids were tested in parallel: ganglioside GM1 and sulfatide. The concentration ranges used are 0, 10, 20, 30, 50 ⁇ g / ml final. Once the lipids have been added, the combinations are incubated overnight at 4 ° C., their toxicity is then evaluated in the MTT test.
- GM2AP 100 ng test this is an average of two tests.
- the activity is associated with a protein heterocomplex involving the proteins GM2AP or GM2AP mutated and MRP14; it is the addition of a lipid, such as ganglioside GM2, which has made it possible to obtain activity levels, reproducibility and dose-response effects, compatible with the reproduction of the desired gliotoxic activity; the mutation found on the GM2AP protein is not essential to the determinism of gliotoxin in vitro.
- Example 8 Development of an immunoassay of the gliotoxic complex - Preparation of the samples before the ELISA test.
- the samples tested are: on the one hand human recombinant proteins in combination (GM2AP + MRP14) with or without GM2 ganglioside, diluted or not in normal urine, in order to detect the active recombinant complex, on the other hand normal urine and MS for direct detection in urine.
- the samples, once prepared, are incubated for 24 hours at 4 ° C before the detection test.
- the “human” recombinant proteins are used in the form of crude production supernatants, recovered after the transient transfection of the 293T cells, with the appropriate negative controls in parallel.
- the MRP14 and GM2AP protein assay systems used are semi-quantitative and the quantities specified are indicative.
- the results are presented in the following examples.
- the detection method using anti-MRP14 and anti-GM2AP antibodies in a “sandwich” ELISA format make it possible to obtain positive results.
- the inventors have optimized this detection method by carrying out a preliminary treatment of the sample comprising a step of digestion by proteinase K of the proteins present, followed by a step of inactivation of this protease by an original method of precipitation. with trichloroacetic acid, then neutralization of the pH with a tris-maleate buffer, selected for its subsequent compatibility with an ELISA sandwich test.
- the samples (mixture of recombinant proteins or urine) are treated with proteinase K before detection of the complex according to the following protocol: 0.3 g of proteinase K is added for 100 ⁇ l of sample. After digestion for one hour at 37 ° C., precipitation with trichloroacetic acid is carried out in order to inhibit the action of proteinase K. Trichloroacetic acid 90% (90 g of trichloroacetic acid for 48 ml of distilled water ), is added to the sample (15% of the initial volume of the sample). The mixture is incubated for 30 minutes at 4 ° C.
- the pellet After centrifugation for 30 minutes at 13,000 rpm, the pellet is taken up with a volume equal to the initial volume of the sample with the 0.2 M TRIS Maleate buffer pH 6.2 (in tests without concentration factor) or in a minimum volume (to achieve a volume concentration of undigested proteins).
- a volume equal to the initial volume of the sample with the 0.2 M TRIS Maleate buffer pH 6.2 (in tests without concentration factor) or in a minimum volume (to achieve a volume concentration of undigested proteins).
- Example 9 Heterocomplex detection protocol in a sandwich ELISA assay.
- polyclonal antibodies bioMérieux
- rabbit polyclonal antibody 196 anti-pept ide MRP 14
- rabbit polyclonal antibody 79 anti-recombinant protein GM2AP.
- monclonal antibodies bioMérieux
- Anti-GM2AP monoclonal antibodies 10E11A11, 13D1E5, 13H9C9, 19C11C10, 2G12H5.
- the mice were immunized according to the following protocol: on day D0 intraperitoneal injection of 75 ⁇ g of the GM2AP-MRP14 complex in the presence of complete Freund's adjuvant. On days D23, D37 new - intraperitoneal injection of the same amount of GM2AP-MRP14 complex in the presence of an incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Four days before fusion make an intravenous injection of 50 ⁇ g of GM2AP antigen diluted in physiological water. 1900 supernatants were screened by indirect ELISA technique.
- the plates were “coated” with 100 ⁇ l of antigen (the GM2AP-MRP14 complex) at 1 ⁇ g / ml in 0.05M bicarbonate buffer, pH 9.6.
- the “coated” plates were incubated overnight at a temperature of 18-22 ° C.
- the plates were saturated with 200 ⁇ l of PBS-1% milk and incubated for 1 hour at 37 ° +/- 2 ° C.
- 100 ⁇ l of supernatants or ascites liquid diluted in PBS-tween 20 buffer, 0.05% were added and the plates were incubated for 1 hour at 37 ° +/- 2 ° C.
- mice were immunized according to the following protocol: on day D0 an intraperitoneal injection of 75 ⁇ g of the GM2AP-MRP14 complex in the presence of complete Freund's adjuvant. On days D23 and D37 intraperitoneal injection of Aa the same amount of complex in the presence of incomplete Freund's adjuvant.
- the rabbits were immunized according to the following protocol: on OJ day, the 1st blood test of 10 ml, 75 ⁇ g of GM2AP were injected intraperitoneally in the presence complete Freund's adjuvant (AFC) (75 ⁇ g of immunogen + qs 0.5 ml of physiological water 9 ° / oo + 0.5 ml AFC). On days D28 and D56 the same amount of immunogen was injected intraperitoneally under the same conditions in the presence of 0.5 ml of incomplete Freund's adjuvant (AFI). In a 2 nd day J63 jack da blood of 30 ml was performed by ear without anticoagulant. A 3 * my blood test was performed under the same conditions on day J70.
- AFC complete Freund's adjuvant
- Rabbit polyclonal antibody 196 (anti-peptide MRP14). Rabbits were immunized according to the following protocol: Rabbits were immunized according to the following protocol: at day, the ere taken 10 ml of blood, 80 ug of immunogen was injected intraperitoneally in the presence of adjuvant Complete Freund (AFC) (80 ⁇ g of immunogen + qs 0.5 ml of physiological water 9 ° / 00 4- 0.5 ml AFC). On days D28 and D56 the same amount of immunogen was injected intraperitoneally under the same conditions in the presence of 0.5 ml of incomplete Freund's adjuvant (AFI).
- AFC adjuvant Complete Freund
- ELISA sandwich test The treatment of the samples (proteinase K and TCA precipitation), if any, is carried out after the overnight incubation at 4 ° C. and before the sandwich ELISA detection test.
- the capture antibody is “coated” with 1 ⁇ g in carbonate-bicarbonate buffer (50 mM) pH 9.5, 100 ⁇ l are deposited in the wells of a 96-well microplate.
- the plate is covered with a protective film and incubated overnight at room temperature. After 3 washes in PBS (Phosphate Buffered Saline) Tween 0.05%, the non-specific sites are blocked by PBS Tween 0.05%, goat serum (1/10 °) for monoclonal antibodies or 100 ⁇ l of hydrolyzate of casein for polyclonal antibodies. After 3 washes in 0.05% Tween PBS, the samples, treated or not, are deposited at the rate of 100 ⁇ l per well and incubated for 1 hour 30 minutes at 37 ° C. with shaking.
- PBS Phosphate Buffered Saline
- the GM2AP / GM2 / MRP14 or mutated GM2AP / GM2 / MRPl4 hererocomplex is used as an immunogen to immunize BALB / c mice by intraperitoneal injection. The first injection is made with complete Freund's adjuvant.
- the other injections are given 4-8 weeks apart with incomplete Freund's adjuvant. A final reminder is made a few days before the fusion in physiological water.
- the spleens of the immunized mice are removed and the splenocytes are collected. Then we carry out the cell fusion splenic with cells of a myeloma line and the cells secreting antibodies are selected which recognize in ELISA the heterocomplex used for immunization. Finally, the clones producing antibodies specific for the immune heterocomplex are selected, that is to say which do not recognize either GM2AP, or mutated GM2AP, nor MRP14, alone.
- Example 10 Detection of the human recombinant heterocomplex.
- the immunoenzymatic assays of the gliotoxic activity characterized molecularly in the previous examples pass through an antigen / antibody system involving only the proteins involved (the proteins GM2AP, GM2AP mutated and MRP14) and by antibodies (alone or in combination) able to detect this molecular complex.
- the recombinant complex corresponds to the association of the supernatants of recombinant proteins GM2AP (1000 ng) and MRP14 (50 ng) associated with 50 ⁇ g / ml final of ganglioside GM2.
- Example 11 Detection of the heterocomplex in the urine of patients. Direct detection of the complex in the urine of patients was tested on two representative urines: MS urine and normal urine. The results are described in Table 8. These results show that the anti-MRP1 4 / anti-GM2AP detection antibody couples [4A7B10 + 5H7C10] / [13D1E5 + 2G12H5], [4A7B10 + 5H7C10] / 10E11A11, 2B9H2 / [ 13D1E5 + 2G12H5] and 2B9H2 / [13H9C9 + 19C11C10] detect the complex.
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JP2006546286A JP2008505053A (ja) | 2003-12-23 | 2004-12-22 | 単離された多発性硬化症関連細胞傷害性因子、および当該細胞傷害性因子の検出方法 |
EP04816595A EP1697410A1 (fr) | 2003-12-23 | 2004-12-22 | Facteur cytotoxique isole associe a la sclerose en plaques et procede de detection dudit facteur cytotoxique |
US10/582,674 US7700294B2 (en) | 2003-12-23 | 2004-12-22 | Method of isolating cytotoxic heterocomplex associated with multiple sclerosis |
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FR0315265 | 2003-12-23 | ||
FR0315265A FR2864086A1 (fr) | 2003-12-23 | 2003-12-23 | Facteur cytotoxique isole associe a la sclerose en plaques et procede de detection dudit facteur cytotoxique |
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EP2435826B1 (fr) * | 2009-05-26 | 2014-05-21 | Universidad De Salamanca | Protéine activatrice de gm2 urinaire en tant que marqueur de l'insuffisance rénale aiguë ou du risque de développer une insuffisance rénale aiguë |
JP2011078357A (ja) * | 2009-10-07 | 2011-04-21 | Kochi Univ | ビタミンb6の分別定量方法およびビタミンb6の分別定量用キット |
US11780917B2 (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2023-10-10 | Taiwan Innovative Integration Services Co., Ltd. | Anti-GM2AP antibody and applications thereof |
TW202405005A (zh) * | 2022-07-14 | 2024-02-01 | 浩峰生物科技股份有限公司 | 人源化醣基化gm2ap抗體 |
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WO2001005422A2 (fr) * | 1999-07-15 | 2001-01-25 | Biomerieux Stelhys | Utilisation d'un polypeptique pour detecter, prevenir ou traiter un etat pathologique associe a une maladie degenerative, neurologique autoimmune |
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Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
MALCUS-VOCANSON C ET AL: "Glial toxicity in urine and multiple sclerosis", MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, vol. 7, no. 6, December 2001 (2001-12-01), pages 383 - 388, XP009034098, ISSN: 1352-4585 * |
MENARD ARMELLE ET AL: "A gliotoxic factor and multiple sclerosis", JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES, vol. 154, no. 2, 5 February 1998 (1998-02-05), pages 209 - 221, XP002289708, ISSN: 0022-510X * |
RIEGER F ET AL: "UN FACTEUR GLIOTOXIQUE ET LA SCLEROSE EN PLAQUES GLIOTOXICITY IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS", COMPTES RENDUS DES SEANCES DE L'ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES. SERIE III: SCIENCES DE LA VIE, ELSEVIER, AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 319, no. 4, 1 April 1996 (1996-04-01), pages 343 - 350, XP000602023, ISSN: 0764-4469 * |
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JP2008505053A (ja) | 2008-02-21 |
US20070065881A1 (en) | 2007-03-22 |
EP1697410A1 (fr) | 2006-09-06 |
US7700294B2 (en) | 2010-04-20 |
FR2864086A1 (fr) | 2005-06-24 |
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