WO2005058755A1 - フラーレンの製造設備及びフラーレンの製造方法 - Google Patents
フラーレンの製造設備及びフラーレンの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005058755A1 WO2005058755A1 PCT/JP2003/016205 JP0316205W WO2005058755A1 WO 2005058755 A1 WO2005058755 A1 WO 2005058755A1 JP 0316205 W JP0316205 W JP 0316205W WO 2005058755 A1 WO2005058755 A1 WO 2005058755A1
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- fullerene
- soot
- temperature
- powder
- heat
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/152—Fullerenes
- C01B32/154—Preparation
Definitions
- the present invention provides a new carbon material, fullerene (spherical carbon molecules, for example, by incompletely burning or pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon fuel.
- the present invention also relates to a production facility for high-order fullerenes that are insoluble in ordinary solvents such as toluene-xylene) and a method for producing fullerenes.
- fullerene is a generic term for the third carbon allotrope next to diamond and graphite, and C It is a closed hollow shell-like carbon molecule having a network of five-membered and six-membered rings, as typified by 60 and C70.
- C It is a closed hollow shell-like carbon molecule having a network of five-membered and six-membered rings, as typified by 60 and C70.
- the existence of fullerene was finally confirmed in the relatively recent 1990, a new carbon material, but it was found to exhibit unique physical properties due to its special molecular structure.
- innovative applications are being rapidly developed in a wide range of fields such as application to superhard materials, application to pharmaceuticals, application to superconducting materials, and application to semiconductor manufacturing.
- C60 and C70 are relatively easy to synthesize, and it is expected that the demand in the future will explode.
- fullerene is produced by being contained in soot. Therefore, in order to recover the generated fullerene, it is necessary to first recover the fullerene-containing soot.
- fullerene-containing soot-like substances emit high-temperature exhaust gas (the main component) discharged from the fullerene production furnace. Are suspended in carbon monoxide gas and water vapor. For this reason, once the high-temperature exhaust gas is cooled by cooling means, to separate the fullerene-containing soot from the inside, an apparatus using a filter medium made of ceramic or a sintered alloy is used. It is proposed by Japanese Patent Publication No. 2003-160316.
- the solid-gas separator using these filter media generally has a high pressure loss, which makes it difficult to set the inside of the reactor to the optimal pressure conditions for producing large amounts of fullerenes. is there.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and is stable over a long period of time. It is an object of the present invention to provide a fullerene production facility and a production method capable of collecting and circulating fullerene and soot from high-temperature exhaust gas (hereinafter, also referred to as “air flow”). Disclosure of the invention
- the production equipment for fullerenes which meets the above-mentioned object, comprises a reaction for generating a high-temperature gas flow containing fullerene and soot by incompletely burning hydrocarbon fuel or thermally decomposing hydrocarbon fuel.
- a fullerene manufacturing facility having a furnace and a collecting device for collecting and collecting powder containing soot-like substances contained in the airflow together with fullerene or separately from fullerene, the powder is generated from the reaction furnace.
- a high-temperature gas stream is supplied to the recovery device in a temperature range of more than 260 ° C. (more preferably, 300 ° C.) where the polycyclic aromatic compound is in a vaporized state and 900 ° C. or less.
- a temperature adjusting means is provided between the reaction furnace and the collecting device, and the collecting device further comprises a plurality of powders containing the soot-like material adhered to one surface and the airflow permeated to the other surface.
- the heat-resistant filter medium has a filtration flow capacity of 0.2 m 3 / m 2 / min or more and 10 m 3 / m 2 / min or less, and a pressure loss of the heat-resistant filter medium.
- the filtration flow capacity is not related to the gas pressure (static pressure) at the time of filtration, in the present invention, for example, the filtration is performed based on a working pressure in a range from 20 t0 rr to 200 t0 rr. The flow capacity is determined.
- the high-temperature airflow generated from the reactor is controlled by temperature control means. When the temperature exceeds 300 Ot and reaches 900 ° C or less and is sent to the recovery unit, most of the polycyclic aromatic compounds can be vaporized, and the recovery unit does not contain polycyclic aromatic compounds. Powder can be collected.
- the filtration flow capacity of the heat-resistant filter medium is less than 0.2 m 3 / m 2 / min, a large filtration area is required to flow a predetermined amount of gas, and equipment cost is increased.
- the lower the flow velocity the smaller the adhesion energy of the powder consisting of one or two of fullerene and soot-like substances, so the backwashing effect is large and clogging in the filtration element occurs.
- a value close to 0.2 m 3 / m 2 / min is preferable, since continuous operation is possible with a small amount.
- the filtration flow capacity is 0.2 m 3 / m 2 / min or more and 6 m 3 / m 2 / min or less.
- the filtration flow capacity should be 1 to 5 m 3 / m 2 / min.
- the heat-resistant filter medium has a filtration flow capacity of more than 1 Om 3 / m 2 / min, the filtration area is small, but the higher the flow velocity, the greater the adhesion energy, and therefore the greater the backwashing energy. In some cases, it may not be possible to recover the filtration element even if backwashing with high energy (pressure).
- the backwash gas flow rate is larger than the filtration flow rate. It is preferable that the pressure loss of the heat-resistant filter medium is small.
- a load is imposed on a decompression pump (specifically, a vacuum pump) that makes the entire system a negative pressure, and the pressure in the reactor may not be able to be set to an optimum pressure.
- a large pressure is applied to the front and back surfaces of the heat-resistant filter medium, so that the powder easily enters the inside of the heat-resistant filter medium.
- the pressure (Pw) of the inert gas used for backwashing should be the same as the pressure difference between the filter element when the filter element is clogged and backwashing starts (differential pressure at backwashing start Ps, eg, 7.5 torr or more) It is preferably 10 times or more and 15 times or less (15 torr or less) and 1000 times or less (for example, 50 to 500 kPa). The reason for this is that if the pressure (Pw) at the time of backwashing is less than 10 times the differential pressure at the time of backwashing (Ps), foreign matter (powder) clogged due to insufficient energy during backwashing Is difficult to discharge. If the pressure during backwashing (Pw) exceeds 1,000 times the backwashing start differential pressure (Ps), large power is required for the equipment, and the backwashing power is saturated.
- the pressure loss of the heat-resistant filter medium is set so that the pressure of the reaction furnace is in a range of 20 to 200 torr. This makes it possible to generate fullerene in which the pressure of the reactor is kept within a predetermined pressure range.
- the reactor may be an upright type reactor having an exhaust port for exhaust gas containing fullerene and soot at the upper part of the reactor and a parner at the lower part.
- an inverted reactor in which the wrench is at the top (ceiling) of the reactor and the exhaust port is at the bottom of the reactor.
- the temperature adjusting means has, for example, a cylindrical body having a circular cross section with an outer cooled side and a fullerene and soot-like substance inside, compared to a normal heat exchanger type.
- the structure that passes through and cools Is preferred.
- the high-temperature airflow containing fullerene and soot enters the cylindrical body from a tangential direction and flows inside the cylindrical body as a swirling flow.
- the soot-like substance positively passes through the outside of the cylindrical body, moves downstream while rubbing the soot-like substance that is going to adhere to the outside, and forms the cylindrical body of the soot-like substance (distribution).
- the degree of obstruction of the pipeline decreases.
- the heat exchange efficiency is also improved.
- the powder storage means of the recovery device includes: a powder level meter for detecting a storage amount of the powder containing the soot-like substance; and a powder level meter based on a detection signal of the powder level meter. It is preferable that an on-off valve for discharging the body from the powder storing means is provided. With this, when a predetermined amount of powder is accumulated in the powder storage means, the powder can be detected by a powder level meter and automatically discharged, and the equipment operation can be automated.
- the soot-like substance separation unit is provided with a gas supply unit that allows a non-oxidizing gas to flow from the other surface side of each of the filtration elements to one surface side, and is provided on one surface side.
- An apparatus for dropping the powder containing the soot adhering thereto and a vibrating means for vibrating the filter element are provided, and the powder containing the soot adhering to each of the filtration elements due to vibration is provided.
- the soot-like matter separating means is provided with a partition wall, and the plurality of filtration elements are replaced with a plurality of filtration elements. It is preferable to divide into groups. As a result, soot-like substances can be removed from the filtration elements for each filtration element group, so that the filtration elements can be cleaned without stopping the operation of the fullerene manufacturing equipment including the recovery device. . Thereby, the continuous operation of the fullerene production facility can be performed.
- a high-temperature airflow including the fullerene and the soot-like substance flows from the outside toward the inside. It is preferably a bottomed tubular body into which it flows. Thereby, the powder including the soot can be attached to the periphery and the bottom of the bottomed cylindrical body, and the attachment of each filtration element becomes easy.
- the method 1 for producing fullerenes according to the present invention comprises the steps of incompletely burning hydrocarbon fuel or pyrolyzing hydrocarbon fuel in a reactor.
- the air stream containing the fullerene and soot is passed through the polycyclic aromatic compound through a recovery device provided with a plurality of filtration elements using a metal or ceramic heat-resistant filter medium.
- the filtration element has a filtration flow capacity of 0.2 m 3 / m 2 / min or more and 1 O m 3 / m 2 / min or less.
- the pressure loss of the heat resistant filter medium is 0.1 t0 rr or more and 35 t0 rr or less. Used in range Has been. According to the fullerene production method 1, a mixture of a soot-like substance and a fullerene free of a polycyclic aromatic compound can be efficiently recovered by a recovery device using a heat-resistant filter medium.
- the method 2 for producing fullerene includes the steps of: incompletely burning a hydrocarbon fuel or thermally decomposing a hydrocarbon fuel in a reaction furnace;
- the first step of generating, and the airflow containing the fullerene and the soot-like substance generated in the first step are maintained by the temperature adjusting means so that the polycyclic aromatic compound and the fullerene contained in the vaporized state 6
- the heat-resistant filter medium has a pressure loss in the range of 0.1 to 0 rr to 35 torr in a range of not less than 1 Om 3 / m 2 / min and not more than 1 min.
- the soot-like material and the fullerene can be easily separated without using a solvent or the like.
- a part of the fullerene is captured by the recovery device even when the high-temperature airflow from the reaction furnace is set at 600 to 700 ° C. Since the amount of fullerene to be used is small, when fullerene and soot are separated by a solvent, the amount of fullerene recovered as a whole increases, and there is an advantage that a large amount of solvent is not required.
- the high-temperature airflow from which the soot-like substances have been removed is cooled to a temperature range of more than 300 ° C and 600 ° C or less. Then, a fullerene containing no polycyclic aromatic compound can be passed through a heat-resistant filter to recover the fullerene. This makes it possible to obtain fullerene that does not contain soot and polycyclic aromatic compounds.
- the high-temperature airflow from which the soots have been removed is cooled to 200 ° C. or less, and is passed through a filter using a synthetic resin sheet to collect the fullerenes from which the soots have been removed. You can also.
- the recovery device can be configured at low cost.
- the reaction furnace discharges an air current containing the fullerene and the soot-like substance generated in the reaction furnace from a lower portion (bottom) of the reaction furnace.
- the soot-like substances generated in the reactor are flown to the outside together with the exhaust gas, and, for example, do not block the upper panner. Therefore, fullerene can be produced continuously.
- the metal heat-resistant filter medium is preferably a sintered metal filter medium.
- the heat-resistant filter medium may be formed of a mesh material or a perforated plate.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a fullerene production facility according to one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing a weight loss when a soot-like material containing fullerene is heated
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing a conventional method.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing qualitative analysis results of gas generated when the produced polycyclic aromatic compound, fullerene and soot are heated
- FIG. 4 is a sintered alloy used in the method for producing fullerene according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- Made of It is a graph which shows the pressure loss at the time of using a filtration element.
- FIG. 1 shows a fullerene production facility 10 to which a fullerene production method according to one embodiment of the present invention is applied.
- a fullerene production facility 10 includes a reactor 11 for incompletely burning a hydrocarbon fuel to produce fullerene, and a high-temperature reactor including fullerene and soot-like substances generated from the reactor 11.
- a collection device 12 for cooling the airflow to a predetermined temperature to separate and collect the powder containing soot
- a gas cooling means 13 for cooling the airflow discharged from the collection device 12, and a reaction. It has a decompression pump 14 for discharging an airflow generated from the reaction furnace 1i to the outside together with fullerenes and soot while keeping the inside of the furnace 11 in a reduced pressure state.
- a decompression pump 14 for discharging an airflow generated from the reaction furnace 1i to the outside together with fullerenes and soot while keeping the inside of the furnace 11 in a reduced pressure state.
- the internal pressure of the reactor 11 is reduced to atmospheric pressure, preferably in a state close to vacuum (for example, O torr or more 20 to 20). 0 torr or less, more preferably 30 to 0 rr or more and 100 torr or less.
- the reactor 11 incompletely burns the hydrocarbon fuel in the upper part (the ceiling) or heats the hydrocarbon fuel to the upper part.
- a decomposing parner 15 is provided, and an exhaust port 16 for discharging a high-temperature airflow (hereinafter, also referred to as exhaust gas) containing fullerene and soot to the outside is provided at a lower portion.
- soot generated in the reactor 11 does not easily block the outlet of the parner 15.
- the lower sound of the reactor 11 gradually decreases in diameter toward the exhaust port 16.
- the soot containing fullerene generated in the reactor 11 is Blowing the exhaust port 1 6 to smooth It has a flush structure.
- the inside of the reactor 11 has a temperature of 1500 to 2000 ° C., it is lined with a refractory, and the outside is made of water-cooled heat-resistant steel or stainless steel.
- the fuel gas obtained by mixing the oxygen-containing gas with the gaseous hydrocarbon fuel is supplied to the burner 15.
- An inert gas such as an argon gas may be added to the fuel gas depending on the conditions.
- the molar ratio of carbon / oxygen is preferably, for example, 0.97 to 1.36.
- hydrocarbon fuel for example, aromatic hydrocarbons having 6 to 20 carbon atoms such as benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthylene, methylnaphthalene, anthracene, and phenanthrene are preferably used.
- aromatic hydrocarbons having 6 to 20 carbon atoms such as benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthylene, methylnaphthalene, anthracene, and phenanthrene are preferably used.
- aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, heptane and octane may be used in combination with these aromatic hydrocarbons.
- a mixture of two or more six-membered rings or one or more six-membered rings and one or more five-membered rings may be used.
- a temperature adjusting means 17 is provided between the reactor 11 and the recovery device 12.
- the temperature adjusting means 17 is made of a heat-resistant metal material (for example, stainless steel, heat-resistant steel), and is a pipe passage formed of a cylindrical body having a circular cross section.
- the j gas containing fullerene and soot from the reactor 11 is discharged from the exhaust port 16 to this pipe passage.
- the exhaust gas containing fullerene and soot becomes a swirling flow in the pipe passage 18 and efficiently contacts the pipe wall, for example, at 260 ° C. (preferably 300 ° C.). Over 0 ° C and cooled to below 600 ° C (more preferably, 350 ° C to 500 ° C) .
- the exhaust port 16 is not at a right angle to the pipe passage 18, Slant diagonally (For example, about 5 to 30 degrees).
- the gas flow may be directed in the traveling direction of the pipe passage 18.
- the temperature can be adjusted by changing the length of the pipe passage 18, the supply amount of the cooling water, or the supply temperature of the cooling water. As described above, when the exhaust gas is caused to flow while forming a swirl flow in the pipe passage 18, there is an advantage that the pipe passage 18 is less likely to be blocked by soot contained in the exhaust gas.
- the temperature adjusting means 17 is formed by forming a water cooling pipe 19 spirally outside the pipe passage 18, but a jacket structure may be provided outside the pipe passage 18. Further, the temperature of the soot-containing gas can be positively lowered by setting the soot-containing gas passing through the pipe passage 18 in a turbulent state. In this case, since the soot is blocked in the pipe passage 18, it is desirable to increase the speed of the gas passing therethrough as much as possible.
- Exhaust gas containing flanes and soot controlled to a predetermined temperature by the temperature adjusting means i 7 is supplied to the recovery device 12.
- the recovery device 12 has a ceiling part 21, a cylindrical body part 22, and a casing 24 provided with a conical part 23 integrally connected to a lower part of the body part 22.
- a connection port 26 for a pipe passage 18 is provided below the body 22.
- the body 22 and the conical portion 23 have a temperature control jacket 27 for adjusting the surface temperature inside the casing 4 by flowing a heat medium from the inlet and discharging the heat medium from the outlet. Is provided.
- the inner surface temperature of the casing 24 can be adjusted to, for example, more than 300 ° C.
- a coolant for example, water
- the mixture fulllerene and soot-like material Including Soot
- a soot separation means A for separating and recovering soot and fullerene-containing powder from exhaust gas is provided in the body 22 and the ceiling 21. 23 is provided with a powder storage means B for storing the powder separated by the soot separation means A.
- a soot separation means A is formed at the upper part of the recovery device 12, and a number of filtration elements 30 each composed of a heat-resistant filter medium are provided, and an opening 31 at the upper end thereof is above the ceiling 21. It is arranged in a state exposed to.
- the filtration element 30 is divided into a plurality of filtration element groups by a partition wall 32 made of a plate material whose bottom is open, and is mounted so that the main part of the filtration element 30 is located in the casing 24. I have.
- the filtration element 30 is cylindrical and has a bottom, and the upper opening 31 serves as an outlet for the filtered exhaust gas.
- the partition 32 may be made of, for example, stainless steel or other heat-resistant steel, and the partition 32 may be provided with a cooling means such as a water-cooled jacket.
- the opening 31 of the filtration element 30 is provided with an exhaust port 33 through which the exhaust gas permeates the filtration element 30 from the outer surface side to the inner surface side.
- the opening 31 is provided with an air supply port 34 through which, for example, nitrogen gas, which is an example of a non-oxidizing gas, passes through the filtration element 30 from the inner surface side to the outer surface side.
- a fire-resistant filter material made of a sintered metal made of a high-temperature heat-resistant metal such as stainless steel, Inconel, and Hastelloy is provided.
- the sintered metal is an example of a porous metal material.
- the filtration flow capacity is set to 0.2 m 3 / m z / min or more. And the upper limit is 1 O m 3 / m 2 / Min. Still more preferably, the filtration flow capacity is 0.2 m 3 / m 2 / min or more and 6 m 3 / m 2 min or less, and considering the actual operation, the filtration flow capacity is 1 to 5 m 3. It may be Z m 2 / min.
- the pressure of the gas in the filtration element 30 is a pressure obtained by subtracting the pressure drop in the pipe passage 18 from the pressure in the reaction furnace 11, for example, about 20 to 200 t0 rr. Extremely low pressure.
- the filtration element 30 is exemplified by a hollow body (bottomed cylindrical body) having one end closed, a filtration element composed of a tubular body having an open rain end may be used. Good.
- the tubular body may be arranged vertically, and connection ports may be provided at the top and bottom, for example, suction may be performed from the upper side and backwash gas may be sent from the lower side as necessary.
- the thickness can be reduced to, for example, about 0.2 to 3 mm.
- the filtration element is arranged vertically, but may be arranged horizontally. In this case, a cylindrical element having both ends open is used as the filtration element, and exhaust gas is sucked from both sides. Soots containing fullerenes can also be filtered.
- the gas is passed from the outside to the inside of the filter element of the cylinder 1 dog, but the gas may be caused to flow from the inside to the outside of the tubular filter element. Good.
- the lower end of the cylindrical filtration element be open and be dropped downward by gravity during backwashing.
- the exhaust ports 33 provided at the openings 31 of the respective filter elements 30 are connected to the gas cooling means 13 via the on-off valves 35, respectively.
- This gas The gas having passed through the recovery device 12 is cooled from 100 ° C. to near normal temperature by the cooling means 13, and is sent to the pressure reducing pump 14. Thereby, fullerene and soot contained in the exhaust gas adhere to the outer periphery of each filter element 30 and are collected.
- the gas cooling means 13 is composed of a heat exchanger using water as a refrigerant.
- the pressure reducing pump 14 keeps the inside of the reaction furnace 11 in a reduced pressure state, and guides exhaust gas including fullerene and soot-like substances generated from the reaction furnace 11 to the recovery device 12 via the temperature adjusting means 17. Play an important role.
- nitrogen gas which is an example of an inert gas
- an air supply port 34 provided in the opening 31 of each filtration element 30 via an opening / closing valve 36 and a gas pressurizing device 37, respectively.
- gas tank 38 Connected to gas tank 38.
- the on-off valve 36 is opened, and high-pressure nitrogen gas is blown into the filtration element 30, and the attached fullerene and The soot is separated, whereby the filtration element 30 is backwashed.
- the backwashing of each of the filtration elements 30 is performed in the filtration element group ⁇ , and as a result, the continuous operation of the fullerene production facility 10 is enabled.
- a heating means is provided in the gas pressurizer 37 or in other gas passages to raise the temperature of the nitrogen gas passing through the on-off valve 36, and to adjust the temperature of the nitrogen gas supplied to each filter element 30 to 30. It is preferable to keep the temperature at 0 ° C. or higher so as to maintain the temperature of each filtration element 30.
- the gas supply means includes the above-described opening / closing valve 36, gas pressurizing device 37 and gas tank 38.
- the lower part of the casing 24 of the recovery device 12 is a powder storage means B for storing the powder containing soot removed from each filtration element 30, that is, the powder mainly composed of fullerene and soot.
- the powder accumulated in the powder storing means B is passed through an automatic powder discharging means 42 including a lower first opening / closing valve 41.
- the powder storing means B is provided with a thermocouple 44 which is an example of a powder level meter which functions as an instrument for measuring the level of the stored powder, that is, the amount of stored powder.
- the temperature detected by the thermocouple 44 changes.
- the temperature of the inner surface of the powder storing means B is adjusted to 300 to 500 ° C. and the pressure is reduced to about 200 to 200 t 0 rr. However, it does not become moist due to moisture, etc., and the fluidity of the powder is always maintained.
- the polycyclic aromatic compound can maintain a gaseous state and pass through the filtration element 30. Very low mixing in powder. Also, as described above, when the polycyclic aromatic compound itself is in a small amount or almost nonexistent, the surface temperature of the powder storing means B should be lowered to near room temperature to actively cool the powder. You can also.
- the automatic discharge means 42 includes a substantially conical intermediate container 45 connected to the first on-off valve 41 and a collection box connected to the bottom of the intermediate container 45 via the second on-off valve 46. 43, an exhaust pump 47 for adjusting the pressure in the middle container 45 and the collection box 43 to a reduced pressure state, and a control unit 48 for these.
- the intermediate container 45 is made of, for example, stainless steel, and is connected to an exhaust pump 47 via an on-off valve 49.
- the opening and closing valve 49 force A pressure sensor 50 is provided in the pipe to the air pump 47.
- the output signal of the pressure sensor 50 is input to the control unit 48.
- the collection box 43 can be made of, for example, stainless steel, and is connected to the exhaust pump 47 via an on-off valve 51 using piping.
- Each of the intermediate container 45 and the recovery box 43 has a gas supply pipe (not shown) for supplying nitrogen gas.
- the control unit 48 is composed of a programmable controller.
- the detection signals of the thermocouple 44 and the pressure sensor 50 are input, and the first and second on-off valves 41, 46, and on-off valves 49, 51 Are sequentially controlled to transfer the powder collected in the powder storage means B to the intermediate container 45 and then to the collection box 43.
- This operation is performed in accordance with a program incorporated in the control unit 48, and is performed in parallel with the collection operation of the soot-containing material including the fullerene in the collection device 12 to remove the fullerene and the soot-like material.
- the mixture can be recovered in a continuous operation.
- the first and second on-off valves 41, 46 and all on-off valves 36 are closed, all on-off valves 35 are opened, the decompression pump 14 is operated, and the reactor 11 and the recovery are recovered.
- the pressure in the device 12 is reduced.
- the recovery device 12 allows steam or other heat medium to flow into the temperature control jacket 27 and discharge it from the outlet to reduce the internal surface temperature of the recovery device 12 to, for example, 200 ° C (: up to 300 ° C or The temperature is gradually adjusted to be higher than 300 ° C. and lower than 400 ° C.
- Water is circulated through a water cooling pipe 19 provided outside the pipe passage 18 to cool the pipe passage 18.
- Toluene which is an example of a hydrocarbon fuel
- a mixed gas of oxygen and argon which is an example of an oxygen-containing gas
- Incomplete combustion produces soot containing fullerene.
- the soot-like material containing the generated fullerene is a gas generated at the same time (main component is carbon monoxide gas
- the pressure condition is generally that the pressure is reduced under atmospheric pressure, and the degree of reduced pressure may be appropriately selected.
- the displacement of the decompression pump 14 is adjusted so as to be 20 to 200 t0 rr (more preferably, 30 to 100 torr). .
- the flow of the exhaust gas flowing into the recovery device 12 is branched by the partition wall 32 provided in the recovery device 12, and the exhaust gas flows evenly for each filtration element group.
- exhaust gas permeates from the outer surface side to the inner surface side, so that fullerene and soot floating in the exhaust gas are outside the filtration element 30. Collected and adhered on the surface side.
- the gas that has passed through the filtration element 30 is discharged from the exhaust port of the pressure reducing pump 14 to the outside via the on-off valve 35 and the gas cooling means 13.
- the soot-like substance containing fullerene attached to the outer surface of the filtration element 30 is added to each filtration element group ⁇ .
- the gas tank 3 8 Nitrogen gas is introduced into the gas pressurizer 37 and pressurized to a predetermined gas pressure (for example, 0.001 to 0.0IMPa).
- a predetermined gas pressure for example, 0.001 to 0.0IMPa.
- the nitrogen gas flows out from the inner surface side of the filtration element 30 to the outer surface side, and at that time, the fullerenes and soots formed on the outer surface side are lifted and dropped.
- the outflowing nitrogen gas is mixed into the exhaust gas sent from the reactor 11 and moves to the pressure reducing pump 14 through another filtration element 30.
- the on-off valve 36 is closed, the gas pressurizer 37 is stopped, and the on-off valve 35 is opened. Open the on-off valve 35.
- the soot-like substance containing the dropped fullerenes becomes powder and accumulates in the powder storage means B below the recovery device 12.
- the thermocouple 44 installed in the powder storage means B initially detects the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing through the powder storage means B, but the storage amount of soot and dog matter including fullerene gradually increases When the thermocouple 44 becomes buried with soot containing fullerene, the thermocouple 44 detects the temperature of the soot containing fullerene. Therefore, the detected temperature changes.
- the exhaust pump 47 is operated to open the open / close valve and '49 to exhaust the intermediate container 45. At this time, oxygen-containing gas such as air exists in the intermediate container 45.
- nitrogen gas is introduced from a gas supply pipe (not shown) to perform gas replacement and then exhausted.
- a gas supply pipe not shown
- the on-off valve 49 is closed and the exhaust is stopped.
- the first on-off valve 41 is opened, the powder composed of the mixture of fullerene and soot is dropped into the intermediate container 45, and the first on-off valve 41 is closed.
- the on-off valve 51 is opened to evacuate the collection box 43, and the first on-off valve 41 is closed when the pressure in the collection container 43 becomes lower than that of the intermediate container 45.
- the second on-off valve 46 is opened, the powder in the intermediate container 45 is moved into the collection box 43, and the second on-off valve 46 is closed.
- nitrogen gas is caused to flow into the collection box 43 from a gas supply pipe (not shown), and the inside is sealed at the same pressure as the atmospheric pressure.
- the collection box 43 is separated from the second on-off valve 46, and the soot containing fullerene is moved to the next process step of separating the soot from fullerene.
- an aromatic hydrocarbon that does not dissolve soot and dissolves only fullerene is used.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon compound having at least one benzene nucleus in a molecule, and specifically, benzene, toluene, and xylene , Ethylbenzene, n-propylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, n-butylbenzene, sec-butynolebenzene, tert-butylbenzene, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 1,3 , 5—Trimethylbenzene, 1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene, 1,2,3,5-Tetramethylbenzene, alkylbenzenes such as acetylmethylbenzene, cymene, alkylnaphthalenes such as 1-methylnaphthalene, tetralin,
- the fullerene is recovered by evaporating the solvent from the solvent in which fullerene is dissolved.
- an inverted reactor 11 having a parner 15 at an upper portion and an exhaust port 16 at a lower portion was used.
- an upright reactor 57 having a parner 55 at the bottom and an exhaust port 56 at the top can also be used.
- the soot generated in the reaction furnace 57 falls and accumulates on the burner 55, so that it is necessary to perform cleaning at an appropriate period.
- the speed of the exhaust gas in the reaction furnace 57 can be increased to prevent the soot-like substance from falling due to gravity.
- the temperature of the exhaust gas supplied to the recovery device 12 is set to be more than 300 ° C. and not more than 600 ° C. to pass the polycyclic aromatic compound, and the powder containing fullerene and soot
- a second temperature adjusting means connected in series between the on-off valve 35 and the pressure reducing pump 14 and A second recovery device with a heat-resistant filter can also be arranged.
- the temperature of the exhaust gas supplied to the recovery device 12 is set to be higher than 600 and lower than 900 ° C (more preferably, 700 to 900 ° C), Temperature of supplied exhaust gas The temperature is controlled to be more than 300 ° C.
- fullerene is also captured by the recovery device 1 and 2 and mixed with the soot, but the amount of the mixed fullerene is small, so if the solvent is used to separate fullerene and soot, However, there is an advantage that the amount of solvent used is significantly reduced. And most fullerenes can be collected by the second recovery device.
- the temperature of the exhaust gas supplied to the second recovery device is set to 200 ° C. or less, and an inexpensive synthetic resin material may be used for the filtration element (filter 1) used in the second recovery device. it can.
- the polycyclic aromatic compound is mixed with the fullerene.
- the production conditions of the fullerene in the reactor 11 are changed to produce the polycyclic aromatic compound.
- the amount is kept to a minimum.
- Each filter element 30 used in the recovery device 12 used in the above-described embodiment (the same applies to the second recovery device) is provided with a vibrator as an example of a vibration means for vibrating the filter element 30. Is also possible. Thereby, the powder adhering to each filtration element 30 can be more efficiently separated.
- the recovery device Although a filter element made of sintered metal was used as the heat-resistant filter medium used in the present invention, a porous ceramic can be used as the heat-resistant filter medium.
- the conditions in this case are the same as those of the sintered metal filter element.
- the thickness of the filter element is smaller than that of the sintered metal filter element. It should be about 5 times, and the number must be further increased.
- the porous ceramic include alumina, zirconium, and silicon nitride.
- the weight gradually decreases when the temperature rises to 100 ° C. or more, and starts at around 400 ° C. It can be seen that the decrease is accelerating. Then, in a high temperature region of 600 ° C. or more, the weight of the soot-like material containing fullerene rapidly decreases. This is a 40 C fullerene sublimation temperature! Considering that the temperature is up to 800 ° C., it can be understood that a large amount of fullerene in the soot sublimates and the weight of the soot suddenly decreases.
- the sample of Experiment 2 used a soot-like material containing fullerene produced by a conventional combustion method in which the inlet temperature of the recovery device was set to 150 to 200 ° C.
- Figure 3 shows the results of measuring the components of the gas generated when this soot-dog containing fullerenes was heated using a quadrupole mass spectrometer (JEOL's Automass AM2-15-1). .
- the basic measurement conditions are as follows.
- the vertical axis represents the relative intensity of the ion spectrum
- the horizontal axis represents the heating temperature. From Fig. 3, peaks indicating the presence of aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene, and xylene, and polycyclic aromatic compounds such as naphthalene and anthracene are found in the gas generated by heating the soot-like material containing fullerene. It was confirmed in a temperature range lower than the sublimation temperature of fullerene. As a result, not only aromatic compounds such as benzene but also polycyclic aromatic compounds are almost vaporized at 300 ° C. or higher, and substantially all of them are vaporized at 350 ° C. or higher. You can see that In FIG.
- TIC indicates total ion chromatography
- m / z indicates molecular weight
- m / z 18 indicates water
- m / z 28 indicates C ⁇
- m / z 44 indicates C 0 2 Is shown.
- m / z 78 indicates benzene
- m / z 92 indicates toluene
- mZz 106 indicates xylene
- m / z 128 indicates naphthine phosphorus
- m / z 178 indicates anthracene. .
- fullerene and soot-like substances carbon-based polymer components obtained by the combustion method, and further partially contains polycyclic aromatic compounds (small-cyclic aromatic compounds such as benzene and toluene).
- polycyclic aromatic compounds small-cyclic aromatic compounds such as benzene and toluene.
- the exhaust gas is heated within a range not exceeding 600 ° C. (more preferably, 550 ° C.)
- fullerene will not be vaporized. Therefore, by maintaining the temperature of the exhaust gas passing through the recovery device 12 at more than 300 ° C. and at most 600 ° C., the mixture of fullerene and soot-like material containing no polycyclic aromatic compound can be obtained. It can be seen that the powder can be recovered.
- Fullerene was produced using the fullerene production facility 10 shown in FIG.
- the burner 15 disposed at the top of the reactor 11 is made of a disc-shaped porous ceramic sintered body having an outer diameter of 25 Omm, and is made of a porous ceramic sintered body. There are 20 to 150 micro holes per 25 mm 2 formed as discharge ports (spouts).
- Toluene gas was used as the hydrocarbon fuel, and pure oxygen was used as the oxygen-containing gas.
- the toluene gas is once heated to gaseous form by heating the toluene with a vaporizer, and then heated to 200 ° C with a heat exchanger.Oxygen gas is supplied from the oxygen tank to the heat exchanger to reach 200 ° C. Heated. Then, the flow rate of toluene gas is set to 4
- the mixture was supplied to the parner 15 at 35 g / min and the oxygen gas flow rate of 328.1 g, and was premixed to form a mixed gas, which was discharged into the reaction furnace 11.
- the pressure inside the reactor 11 was 40 torr, and the average flow velocity of the mixed gas discharged from the parner 15 was 302 cm / sec at 298 K.
- the temperature of the gas discharged from the outlet of the reactor 11 is 140 ° C.
- the temperature of the gas flowing into the recovery device 12 is 480 to 50 °. It was 0 ° C.
- the content (F / (S + F)) of fullerene F contained in the by-product soot S was 17.0%.
- the reactor 11 can be operated continuously, and when the soot adheres to the reactor 11 drops. It was confirmed that the water was swept away by high-speed air and current.
- Fig. 4 shows an example of a heat-resistant filter medium used in one embodiment of the present invention, which is made of a sintered metal made of 18 chrome / 8 nickel austenitic stainless steel (more specifically, made of a sintered alloy). It shows the pressure loss with respect to the air flow ratio of the filtration element 30.
- the filtration element 30 is made of sintered metal, has a substantial thickness of 0.56 mm, and has a pressure loss of about 7.5 torr for an air flow rate of 1 L / cm 2 / min.
- the cylindrical filter element 30 has an outer diameter of 65 mm and a length of 250 Omm, and 78 such filter elements 30 are used in the recovery device 12 shown in Fig. 1. are doing.
- These filter elements 30 are divided into six groups, and a gas pressurizer 37 and a tank 38 are connected to each filter element group via an open / close valve 36, and the open / close valves 36 are opened in sequence. Thus, backwashing of the filtration element 30 can be sequentially performed.
- a pressure sensor is provided inside each filtration element group, and a pressure difference between the pressure sensor and a pressure sensor provided outside the filtration element 30 is set in the recovery device 12.
- a pressure difference between the pressure sensor and a pressure sensor provided outside the filtration element 30 is set in the recovery device 12.
- the corresponding filter element group is backwashed.
- Backwashing is performed by flowing an inert gas such as nitrogen gas at a pressure of 0.4 MPa (about 4 kgfcm- 12 ) from the inside to the outside of the filtration element 30.
- the backwashing operation time was about 2 to 10 minutes.
- the on / off valve 36 may be turned on / off to apply a pulsed pressure to each of the filtration elements 30. If the pressure of multiple filtration element groups exceeds the backwashing start pressure simultaneously or with a short interval, select the filtration element group that was turned on first or the filtration element group that was previously backwashed earlier. The program is set so that after the backwash operation of the filtration element group is completed, the backwash operation of the next filtration element group is performed.
- the gas flow rate in the pipe passage 18 in this experiment was 65 Nm 3 / hour, and the gas and temperature were 500 ° C.
- the pressure outside the filtration element 30 in the recovery device 12 was 34.5 t0 rr.
- the soot-like material containing fullerene adheres to the outer surface of each filtration element 30 and filtration is performed. If the pressure inside or outside any of the filtration element groups exceeds the backwashing start pressure, the above-mentioned backwashing operation is performed. After the backwash operation was completed, the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the filtration element group was 4.5 torr, and the pressure difference immediately before the backwash was 7.5 to 11.3 torr.
- soot containing 156 kg of fullerene was repeatedly collected in 10 hours. There was no adhesion of soot or the like outside the filtration element 30, and continuous operation was possible.
- a metal or ceramic material is added to a filtration element that filters and collects (recovers) soot-containing powder from combustion gas (exhaust gas) from a reaction furnace. Since the heat-resistant filter medium made of the product is used, it is possible to recover soot-like powder from the high-temperature exhaust gas that cannot be filtered by a normal filter, excluding the polycyclic aromatic compound. As a result, the production of fullerenes in the combustion method can be performed efficiently at lower cost.
- the pressure loss of the heat-resistant bracket of the bracket is 0.1 l to Since the pressure is set to 35 torr, it is possible to filter out powder containing soot-like substances while properly controlling the speed of the passing exhaust gas and within a range that does not make the apparatus extremely large.
- the filtration flow rate of the filtration element is set to 10 m 3 / m 2 / min or less, the bite energy of the powder contained in the exhaust gas is not large, and as a result, backwashing at an appropriate pressure must be performed.
- the temperature of the air flow containing fullerene and soot from the reactor is set to more than 260 ° C (more preferably, 300 ° C) and 900 ° C or less, soot-like It is possible to prevent the powder containing the substance from becoming wet, and to prevent the handling property of the powder containing the soot-like substance from deteriorating.
- the fullerene when the temperature of the airflow containing fullerene and soot to be sent into the recovery device is set to be more than 600 ° C and not more than 900 ° C, the fullerene is vaporized. It can be passed through a recovery device.
- the powder storage means is equipped with a powder level meter that detects the amount of powder stored, and a powder level meter.
- An on-off valve for discharging the powder from the powder storage means in response to the detection signal was provided, and the soot separation means was provided with a gas supply means for passing non-oxidizing gas from the other side to the one side of each filter element. In such a case, continuous operation of the recovery device becomes possible, which improves the production efficiency of fullerenes.
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Abstract
Description
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PCT/JP2003/016205 WO2005058755A1 (ja) | 2003-12-17 | 2003-12-17 | フラーレンの製造設備及びフラーレンの製造方法 |
AU2003292562A AU2003292562A1 (en) | 2003-12-17 | 2003-12-17 | Apparatus and method for preparing fullerene |
EP03782796A EP1712521A1 (en) | 2003-12-17 | 2003-12-17 | Apparatus and method for preparing fullerene |
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US8372187B2 (en) | 2006-04-24 | 2013-02-12 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Particulate matter generator and collector |
US20170113935A1 (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2017-04-27 | Fgv Cambridge Nanosystems Limited | Apparatus and method for plasma synthesis of graphitic products including graphene |
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CN106744815A (zh) * | 2017-03-07 | 2017-05-31 | 内蒙古碳谷科技有限公司 | 一种用于制备富勒烯的燃烧装置 |
Citations (4)
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WO2003020502A1 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2003-03-13 | Milliken & Company | Textile printing substrate |
WO2003021015A1 (en) * | 2001-08-30 | 2003-03-13 | Tda Research, Inc. | Burners and combustion apparatus for carbon nanomaterial production |
JP2003160318A (ja) * | 2001-09-10 | 2003-06-03 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | フラーレンの製造装置およびフラーレンの製造方法 |
JP2004075525A (ja) * | 2002-06-20 | 2004-03-11 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | フラーレン含有すす状物質の回収装置及びその回収方法 |
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- 2003-12-17 WO PCT/JP2003/016205 patent/WO2005058755A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2003021015A1 (en) * | 2001-08-30 | 2003-03-13 | Tda Research, Inc. | Burners and combustion apparatus for carbon nanomaterial production |
WO2003020502A1 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2003-03-13 | Milliken & Company | Textile printing substrate |
JP2003160318A (ja) * | 2001-09-10 | 2003-06-03 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | フラーレンの製造装置およびフラーレンの製造方法 |
JP2004075525A (ja) * | 2002-06-20 | 2004-03-11 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | フラーレン含有すす状物質の回収装置及びその回収方法 |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US8372187B2 (en) | 2006-04-24 | 2013-02-12 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Particulate matter generator and collector |
US20170113935A1 (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2017-04-27 | Fgv Cambridge Nanosystems Limited | Apparatus and method for plasma synthesis of graphitic products including graphene |
US11802052B2 (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2023-10-31 | Levidian Nanosystems Limited | Apparatus and method for plasma synthesis of graphitic products including graphene |
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AU2003292562A1 (en) | 2005-07-05 |
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