WO2005053078A1

WO2005053078A1 - Battery and power generating method

Info

Publication number: WO2005053078A1
Application number: PCT/JP2004/006336
Authority: WO
Inventors: Shinji Hasegawa; Hiroyuki Watanabe
Original assignee: Fuji Xerox Co. Ltd.
Priority date: 2003-11-25
Filing date: 2004-04-30
Publication date: 2005-06-09
Also published as: US20070181418A1; JP4747492B2; JP2005158398A

Abstract

A bipolar battery capable of generating power stably, and a power generating method employing such a battery. The battery comprises an acid medium, a first electrode arranged in the acid medium, a basic medium, and a second electrode arranged in the basic medium. The acid medium contains a first substance which causes a reaction where an electron is taken from the first electrode while involving a hydrogen ion contained in the acid medium, and the basic medium contains a second substance which causes a reaction where an electron is given to the second electrode while involving a hydroxide ion contained in the basic medium. A power generating method employing such a battery is also provided.

Description

Specification. Battery and power generation method

The present invention relates to a battery and a power generation method using the battery, and particularly to a battery and a power generation method using an acidic medium and a basic medium (a bipolar type reaction field) in contact with the acidic medium. Background art

A battery is a device that directly converts the chemical energy of a substance into electric energy. In addition, primary batteries that provide power until the chemical energy is used up, secondary batteries that can store and reuse chemical energy by recharging after being used up, and continuously supply substances with chemical energy from outside By doing so, it can be classified as a fuel cell that can obtain electric energy. At present, various types of batteries are being developed.Each battery has advantages in terms of environmental safety, economy, amount of electric energy that can be supplied, portability and storage, compatibility with use environment, recyclability, etc. The disadvantages are different, so batteries are selected according to the purpose of use and are put to practical use. The important technical elements common to all batteries are: what kind of chemical reaction is used, how to accelerate the reaction, and how the chemical is stored and supplied · The point is to collect.

In a battery, a reducing agent that causes a reduction reaction (provides electrons or withdraws oxygen to the other party) and an oxidizing agent that causes an oxidation reaction (withdraws electrons or provides oxygen to the other party) Use different chemicals. By inducing the chemical reaction separately at the two opposing electrodes, the energy of the generated electrons is extracted to the outside (the ions generated at both electrodes as the electrons are generated are neutralized inside the battery). The reaction efficiency depends on the type and reaction mode of the chemical substance used, the electrode material and activity, and the environment of the reaction field including the electrolyte. Furthermore, what kind of material is selected to compose a battery depends not only on the above-mentioned use, but also on manufacture and disposal. This is a point related to the quality of the entire battery system, including the battery.

For example, a manganese or mercury-based primary battery is excellent in economics and storage of chemical substances, but if harmful heavy metals are left after use, it will adversely affect the environment, so strict recovery is necessary. Become. Also, since it cannot be reused by charging, it costs a lot to dispose of and recycle batteries after use.

Also, for example, lithium ion secondary batteries have excellent electric energy and can be reused by charging.However, since lithium is a very unstable ignition substance against moisture and oxygen in the air, However, in order to avoid the danger, sufficient safety measures must be taken in the packaging and use environment of the battery. Furthermore, recovery and recycling after the life of the battery is essential, which raises the overall cost from battery manufacture to use and disposal. This problem is the same in the case of lead-based storage batteries, but from the viewpoint of manufacturing price and supply electric energy, it is currently used in large quantities only in applications such as automotive batteries.

On the other hand, as a fuel cell, a cell using hydrogen, methanol, or the like as a reducing agent (fuel) and oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, or the like as an oxidizing agent is known. For example, a so-called direct methanol battery using methanol as a reducing agent (fuel) and an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent has been proposed (see, for example, US Pat. No. 6,485,851). ).

This battery has advantages in portability and storability since methanol and aqueous hydrogen peroxide are liquid at normal temperature and normal pressure. However, there is an inherent problem that carbon dioxide, which is a causative substance of global warming, is emitted due to the reaction, and the environmental load is reduced. Also, the leakage is extremely dangerous because the fuel methanol is flammable. Further, in addition to the high cost of the precious metal reaction catalyst required for the reaction, in addition to the high cost, the methanol fuel on the negative electrode side passes through the solid electrolyte membrane and reaches the positive electrode side, thereby reducing the reaction efficiency. There still remains the problem of methanol crossover, which leads to a decline.

Further, a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is very excellent in terms of environmental safety because a large amount of electric energy can be supplied and the reaction product is only water. However, because the fuel hydrogen is flammable, its leakage can be very dangerous. In addition, in the literature (Electroch em istry 71, No. 5 (2003), 313-317), as a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, a strongly acidic, power source (positive electrode) A structure having a bipolar structure in which a strongly basic polymer film is disposed on the side is disclosed. In addition, the document states that this fuel cell has a relatively good oxidation reaction, which is a rate-determining reaction with a power source, a high selectivity for an electrode catalyst, and that water produced by the reaction affects the electrodes. It has advantages such as difficult points.

By the way, in this bipolar battery, a reduction reaction occurs at the electrode on the strongly acidic polymer membrane side, and an oxidation reaction occurs on the strongly basic polymer membrane side. The potential generated by the neutralization of hydrogen ions H + and hydroxide ions OH- in the center of the battery accounts for most of the electromotive force. This is because the potential generated by the neutralization of hydrogen ion H + and hydroxide ion 〇H— is generally higher than in the case of other ions.

For this reason, the electromotive characteristics of this type of bipolar battery largely depend on the neutralization of water generated near the boundary between acidic and basic polymer films. However, the region where the hydrogen ion H + and the hydroxide ion 〇H- actually meet is not exactly at the boundary of the polymer film, but is dispersed over a wide area around the boundary. In addition, water generated by the neutralization reaction makes it difficult to transfer these hydrogen ions H + and hydroxide ions OH−. Therefore, since the region where hydrogen ions H + and hydroxide ions OH- are actually neutralized fluctuates, it is difficult to generate a stable electromotive force in this type of bipolar battery. Has properties.

In addition, in this bipolar battery, generated water may accumulate at the interface between both polymer films, and a water layer may be formed. The presence of this water layer suppresses the neutralization reaction of hydrogen ions H + and hydroxide ions OH- generated at both electrodes, and as a result, the formation and increase of the water layer over time However, it has a property that makes it difficult to supply electric energy.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a battery having a novel configuration, which is a bipolar battery and capable of stably generating power, and a power generation method using the battery. Also, in some aspects of the present invention, there are various problems with conventional batteries, such as the use of flammable and ignitable fuels, the elimination of carbon dioxide, the ease of storage, and the structure. Part of the objective is to provide a new battery that meets various needs by solving the simplicity and other issues. Disclosure of the invention

The above object is achieved by the present invention described below.

That is, the battery of the present invention comprises: an acidic medium; a first electrode disposed in the acidic medium; a basic medium in contact with the acidic medium; and a second electrode disposed in the basic medium. , And

In the acidic medium, a first substance that causes a reaction of depriving the first electrode of electrons with hydrogen ions contained in the acidic medium is contained, and in the basic medium, It is characterized by containing a second substance which causes a reaction of donating electrons to the second electrode together with hydroxide ions contained in the basic medium. According to the battery of the present invention, when the reaction at the electrode involves hydroxide ion H ⁺ and hydroxide ion OH-, the first substance is combined with hydrogen ions H ⁺ in the acidic medium to form the first electrode. An oxidation reaction takes away electrons from the poles, and in a basic medium, a second substance causes a reduction reaction to donate electrons to the electrodes with hydroxide ions OH-. At this time, the electromotive force due to the oxidation reaction in the acidic medium is larger in principle than the oxidation reaction in the basic medium. This is because the chemical equilibrium in the acidic medium with a high concentration of hydrogen ions tends to the production system because the hydrogen ion H + is a substance in the reaction system, and as a result, the oxidation potential is increased. In addition, the electromotive force due to the reduction reaction in a basic medium is larger in principle than the reduction reaction in an acidic medium. This is because the chemical equilibrium in the basic medium with a high hydroxide ion concentration tends to the production system because the hydroxide ion O H- is a substance in the reaction system, and as a result, the oxidation potential is lowered.

For this reason, in the configuration of the bipolar battery of the present invention, the electromotive force generated by the oxidation-reduction reaction at the electrode is the main source of the voltage obtained from the battery, and as described in Non-Patent Document 2, Power is generated more stably than bipolar batteries, where electromotive force is dominant in areas where the location of the internal neutralization reaction varies. Can be made.

In addition, the power generation method of the present invention includes: an acidic medium, a first electrode disposed in the acidic medium, a basic medium in contact with the acidic medium, and a second electrode disposed in the basic medium. An electrode, and a power generation method using a battery including:

The first substance contained in the acidic medium causes a reaction to take away electrons from the first electrode together with hydrogen ions, and the second substance contained in the basic medium is a hydroxide ion With this, a reaction of donating electrons to the second electrode is caused to generate power.

According to the power generation method of the present invention, as described above, the electromotive force generated by the oxidation / reduction reactions at the electrodes becomes the main source of the voltage obtained from the battery, and as a result, power can be generated stably. Brief Description of Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a power generation mechanism (power generation method) using the battery of the present invention.

FIG. 2A is a schematic top perspective view of a chip type fluid fuel cell which is one embodiment of the battery of the present invention. '

FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the chip-type fluid fuel cell of FIG. 2A taken along line AA ′, as viewed from the direction of flow of both media.

FIG. 3A is a schematic cross-sectional perspective view of a paper fuel cell which is one embodiment of the cell of the present invention.

FIG. 3B is a schematic cross-sectional perspective view of a paper fuel cell which is one embodiment of the battery of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional perspective view of a gel-type primary battery which is one embodiment of the battery of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing current-voltage characteristics in an example using a chip-type fluid fuel cell.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing current-voltage characteristics in an example using a paper-type fuel cell. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

The battery of the present invention comprises: an acidic medium; a first electrode disposed in the acidic medium; a basic medium in contact with the acidic medium; and a second electrode disposed in the basic medium. Prepare

In the acidic medium, a first substance that causes a reaction of depriving the first electrode of electrons with hydrogen ions contained in the acidic medium is contained, and in the basic medium, It is characterized by containing a second substance which causes a reaction of donating electrons to the second electrode together with hydroxide ions contained in the basic medium. The battery of the present invention is a bipolar battery having a configuration including the above-described members, and can be applied to any type of primary battery, secondary battery, and fuel cell. In the present invention, the bipolar battery has a structure in which an acidic medium and a basic medium are adjacent to each other, and a substance for extracting electric energy and an electrode are included therein.

In particular, the bipolar battery according to the present invention is characterized in that (1) the first substance and the hydrogen ion coexist in the above-mentioned acidic medium or in the vicinity of the electrode in contact with the acidic medium, and both take away electrons from the first electrode as a reaction system substance. (2) The second substance and the hydroxide ion coexist in the basic medium or in the vicinity of the electrode in contact with the basic medium, and both give electrons to the electrode as a reaction substance (reduce) ) Initiate a reaction. The above (1) and (2) proceed simultaneously to generate electrical energy that drives an external circuit.

In the battery of the present invention, in a bipolar type reaction field, hydrogen ions in an acidic medium participate in a reaction of the first substance to remove electrons from the first electrode, and an increase in the concentration accelerates the reaction. (Shifts the chemical equilibrium toward the production system). Also, hydroxide ions constituting the basic medium participate in the reaction of the second substance to donate electrons to the second electrode, and the increase in the concentration has the effect of accelerating the reaction. Therefore, the reaction can be enhanced by increasing the hydrogen ion or hydroxide ion, that is, by lowering the pH in an acidic medium and by increasing the pH in a basic medium. It is also effective in having a configuration that can increase the output. Each of the members constituting the battery of the present invention will be described in detail. (Acid medium and basic medium)

In the present invention, the acidic medium refers to a medium having a pH of less than pH 7, and is preferably capable of forming an acidic reaction field in which hydrogen ions are present. It is preferable that a basic reaction field in which a substance ion exists can be formed.

The acidic medium and the basic medium may each independently be in any of a liquid state, a gel state, and a solid state, but it is preferable that both mediums have the same form. In addition, the acidic medium and the basic medium can be used irrespective of the type of the organic compound or the inorganic compound.

A preferred combination of an acidic medium and a basic medium is, for example, a combination of an aqueous solution of an acidic aqueous solution such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, or phosphoric acid, and a basic aqueous solution such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia, or an ammonium compound. A combination of an ion-conductive gel obtained by gelling those aqueous solutions with a gelling agent; an acidic ion exchange member having a sulfonic acid group and a phosphate group, and a basic ion exchange member having a quaternary ammonium group. Combination of ion exchange members (including forms such as membranes and filter papers using ion exchange resin); sulfuric acid-treated zirconia oxide; solid superacids and solid acids such as noble metal-containing zirconium oxide; and barium oxide and the like. A combination of a solid super base and a solid base;

More specifically, the acidic aqueous solution includes sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydroiodic acid, hydrobromic acid, perchloric acid, periodic acid, orthophosphoric acid, Polyphosphoric acid, nitric acid, tetrafluoroboronic acid, hexafluorosilicic acid, hexafluorophosphoric acid, hexafluorofluoroarsenic acid, hexachloroarsenic platinum acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, salicylic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, phthalic acid It is preferable to use an aqueous solution containing at least one acid selected from the group consisting of acid, fumaric acid, and picric acid, and it is more preferable to use a strong acid such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and phosphoric acid.

The basic aqueous solution includes sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and hydroxyl. Lithium chloride, calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide Or one or more bases selected from the group containing sodium or sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, sodium borate, potassium borate, sodium silicate, potassium silicate, sodium tripolyphosphate, An aqueous solution containing at least one metal salt of a weak acid selected from the group including potassium tripolyphosphate, sodium aluminate, and potassium aluminate can be used. Among them, sodium hydroxide, which is a strong base, can be used. It is better to contain potassium hydroxide Not to.

Further, the acidic ion-conductive gel as an acidic medium was gelled from the above acidic aqueous solution using a gelling agent such as water glass, anhydrous silicon dioxide, crosslinked polyacrylic acid, or salts thereof. Are preferred.

On the other hand, a basic ion-conductive gel as a basic medium is formed by gelling a basic aqueous solution as described above using, for example, carboxymethylcellulose, cross-linked polyacrylic acid or a salt thereof as a gelling agent. Are preferred.

The acids and bases described above may be used alone or in a combination of two or more. The same applies to the method of using the gelling agent.

Examples of the acidic ion exchange member and the basic ion exchange member include forms such as an ion exchange membrane, a solid polymer electrolyte membrane, and a filter paper using an ion exchange resin. Preferable examples are ionizing resins using a strongly acidic ion exchange resin having a strongly acidic group such as a sulfonic acid group or a phosphoric acid group, or a strongly basic ion exchange resin having a strongly basic group such as a quaternary ammonium group. It is a replacement member.

More specifically, for example, polyvinyl styrene-based products represented by the product names Dowex (manufactured by Dow), the product names Dyaion (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), and the product names Amberlite (manufactured by Rohmand Hass) Ion-exchange resin, polyfluorohydrocarbon polymer represented by Nafion (DuPont), Flemion (Asahi Glass), and Asiplex (Asahi Kasei) Solid polymer electrolyte membrane, product name Neosep (Tokuyama), product name Neosep Polyvinylstyrene-based ion-exchange membranes such as BP-1 (manufactured by Tokuyama), and ion-exchange filter paper made of polystyrene fibrous ionex ion exchangers. Product name RX-1 (manufactured by Toray) No.

Further, preferable examples of the solid superacid include sulfuric acid-treated zirconium oxide and noble metal-containing zirconia oxide. In addition, as a solid acid, viscous minerals such as force orite and montmorillonite, zeolites, composite oxides, hydrated oxides, and activated carbon impregnated with an acidic substance can also be used.

Preferred examples of the solid super base include barium oxide, strontium oxide, and calcium oxide. Other solid bases include metal oxides such as magnesium oxide and composite oxides containing them, hydroxides having low solubility in water such as calcium hydroxide, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal ion exchange zeolites, and bases. Activated carbon impregnated with a toxic substance can also be used.

In the battery of the present invention, the acidic medium and the basic medium are required to be in contact with each other. This is because the acidic medium and the basic medium are formed by releasing a hydrogen ion in the acidic medium and the basic medium in the basic medium. This is because it is possible to balance the charge by forming a salt with the counter cation generated by releasing the hydroxide ion and the counter cation. Therefore, for example, as described above, in the case where both media are composed of an acidic aqueous solution and a basic aqueous solution, if a membrane having the property of transmitting generated cations and Z or anions is used, an acidic medium can be used. And the basic medium may be separated.

[First substance and second substance]

In the present invention, as the first substance, any substance (oxidizing agent) may be used as long as the substance (oxidizing agent) generates an oxidation reaction that takes off electrons from the first electrode together with hydrogen ions in an acidic medium. However, a substance that promotes the reaction when the hydrogen ion concentration is high is preferable. Specifically, hydrogen peroxide, oxygen, hypochlorous acid, hypobromous acid, hypohalous acid such as hypoiodic acid, and the like can be used. Further, the first substance may be supplied using a liquid or a solid containing these substances, or a liquid or a solid releasing these substances by a chemical change. Also, as the second substance, electrons are supplied to the second electrode with hydroxide ions. Any substance can be used as long as it is a substance (reducing agent) that generates the reduction reaction to be applied, but is preferably a substance that promotes the reaction when the hydrogen ion concentration is high. Specifically, hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen, hydrazine and the like can be used. Further, the second substance may be supplied using a liquid or a solid containing these substances, or a liquid or a solid releasing these substances by a chemical change.

In addition, as the first substance or the second substance, metal ions such as iron, manganese, chromium, and vanadium whose valence can be changed by oxidation and reduction reactions, and metal complexes thereof can be used. The substance can also be supplied using a liquid or a solid containing the same.

Among the above, it is preferable that the first substance and the second substance are composed of the same component. In an acidic medium, such a substance generates an oxidation reaction that removes electrons from the first electrode with hydrogen ions, and in a basic medium, the electrons are transferred to the second electrode with hydroxide ions. Has the property of generating a reduction reaction that provides In this case, the configuration of the battery becomes easy, and the degree of freedom in selecting a separation membrane for chemical substances on the positive electrode side and the negative electrode side, which has been a major problem with conventional batteries, is expanded, and an acidic medium and a basic medium are used. A separation membrane is not necessarily required if it can be kept unmixed.

Hydrogen peroxide is particularly preferred as a substance that can be used for both the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent. The reason will be described later in detail. It is preferable to supply hydrogen peroxide using a liquid or a solid containing hydrogen peroxide or a liquid or a solid that releases hydrogen peroxide due to a chemical change, because handling is easier. .

The “liquid” ′, which is one of the means for supplying the first substance and the second substance, may be in the form of a solution (including water, an organic solvent, or the like as a solvent), a dispersion, or a gel. Is also good. In addition, it is desirable that these use forms are selected by a preferable combination with the above-described forms of the acidic medium and the basic medium.

In the case of a primary battery, both of these substances are mixed or dispersed in a medium before the start of the reaction. In the case of a fuel cell, it is mixed or dispersed in a liquid medium from the beginning, or through a flow path installed near the electrode, or to a capillary tube. It is also possible to use a method in which the dye is added to the medium by utilizing infiltration or directly.

(First electrode and second electrode)

In the present invention, the first electrode functions as a positive electrode, and the second electrode functions as a negative electrode. As the material of the first electrode and the second electrode, the same material as the electrode in the conventional battery can be used. More specifically, examples of the first electrode (positive electrode) include platinum, platinum black, platinum oxide-coated platinum, silver, and gold. In addition, titanium, stainless steel, nickel, aluminum and the like having a surface immobilized can be used. In addition, there are carbon structures such as graphite and carbon nanotubes, amorphous carbon, glassy carbon, and the like. However, from the viewpoint of durability, platinum, platinum black, and platinum oxide-coated platinum are more preferable.

Examples of the second electrode (negative electrode) include platinum, platinum black, platinum oxide-coated platinum, silver, and gold. In addition, titanium, stainless steel, nickel, aluminum and the like having a passivated surface may be used. In addition, carbon structures such as graphite and carbon nanotubes, amorphous carbon, glassy carbon and the like can be mentioned. However, from the viewpoint of durability, platinum, platinum black, and platinum oxide-coated platinum are more preferable.

Further, in the present invention, it is preferable that both the first electrode and the second electrode are in the form of a plate, a thin film, a mesh, or a fiber. In particular, in the case of the embodiments of the present invention [(2) paper-type fuel cell] and [(3) gel-type primary battery], the mesh may be formed so as to be a discharge passage for gas generated in the cell. preferable. Here, the term "mesh-like" means at least a perforated chamber state in which there is a through passage through which the gas to be discharged passes.

As a mesh-like electrode, specifically, the above-described electrode material may be attached to a metal mesh, a punched metal plate, or a foamed metal sheet by an electroless plating method, a vapor deposition method, or a sputtering method. Alternatively, the above-described electrode material may be attached to cellulose or synthetic polymer paper by using the same method or a combination thereof. Further, when the first electrode and the second electrode are arranged on both media having a high shape retention such as an ion exchange resin or an ion conductive gel, the surface of the ion exchange resin or the ion conductive gel has It is also a preferable embodiment to arrange a desired electrode material by using an electroless plating method, an evaporation method, or a sputtering method. Power generation method>

The power generation method (power generation mechanism) of the present invention will be described in detail.

The power generation method of the present invention comprises: an acidic medium; a first electrode disposed in the acidic medium; a basic medium in contact with the acidic medium; and a second electrode disposed in the basic medium. A power generation method using a battery comprising:

By this reaction, the first substance and the second substance are chemically changed into a plurality of substances having low internal energies, and the corresponding energy can be released to the outside as electric energy to obtain electric power.

Here, an embodiment will be described in which the acidic medium is an acidic aqueous solution, the basic medium is a basic aqueous solution, and the first substance and the second substance are both hydrogen peroxide. The present invention is shown as the most preferable embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto.

Hydrogen peroxide produces water and oxygen by a decomposition reaction. When this chemical reaction is carried out by separate electrodes into an oxidation reaction and a reduction reaction as in the battery of the present invention, an electromotive force is generated. That is, hydrogen peroxide has an oxidizing action in an acidic reaction field, and has a reducing action in a basic reaction field, so that an electromotive force is generated. The power generation method of the present invention is realized by using such an acid-base bipolar reaction field.

More specifically, the power generation method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in Fig. 1, in the acidic reaction field (acidic medium) where the positive electrode (first electrode) is located, hydrogen peroxide acts as an oxidizing agent, and as shown in (Equation 1) below, The oxygen atoms of the hydrogen oxide receive electrons from the electrodes and produce water. In the basic reaction field (basic medium) where the negative electrode (second electrode) is located, hydrogen peroxide acts as a reducing agent, and as shown in the following (Equation 2), the oxygen of hydrogen peroxide Atoms donate electrons to the electrodes to produce oxygen and water. These reactions generate electromotive force and generate power. H ₂ 0 ₂ + 2 H ⁺ + 2 e "→ 2 H ₂ 0 (Equation 1)

H ₂ 0 ₂ + 2 OH "→ 0 ₂ + 2 H ₂ 0 + 2 e" (Equation 2)

In the reaction venue, pairs Anion hydrogen ions present in the acidic medium (in FIG. 1, sulfate ions so ₄ ² - corresponds to) a pair of hydroxide-ion present in the basic medium cation (Sodium ion Na + in Fig. 1) and form a salt at the interface of both media, so that the charge can be balanced. At this time, since the salt formed is usually more stable in the aqueous solution when ionized, the effect of the salt formation on the electromotive force is far greater than the electromotive force in the oxidation or reduction reaction at the electrode. small. As a result, the bipolar battery of the present invention, in which the electrode reaction is dominant, has the property of generating more stable power than the bipolar battery in which the neutralization reaction is mainly at the interface between the acidic and basic media.

The following equation (3) shows an ionic reaction equation that summarizes the half-reaction equations (Equation 1) and (Equation 2).

_{_{_{H 2 0 2 → H 2 0+}}} 1 Roh 20 ₂ (Equation 3)

According to thermodynamic calculations, the enthalpy change (ΔΗ), the entropy change (AS), and the free energy change of the cast (AG, temperature T: Kelvin (K)) of this reaction are ΔΗ = — 96. 7 kJ / mo1, ΔS = 18.9 J / Kmo1, AG = AH—ΤΔS = —1 15.5 kJ / mol.

The theoretical electromotive force (n is the number of electrons involved in the reaction, F is the Faraday constant) and the theoretical maximum efficiency (71) are E = — AG / nF = l. 2V and τ? = ΔΘ / ΔΗΧ 100 = 1 calculated as 20%. The theoretical feature of this reaction is that entropy increases in the hydrogen peroxide decomposition reaction and the sign of ΔS becomes positive. Therefore, the absolute value of AG becomes larger than ΔΗ, and the theoretical maximum efficiency exceeds 100%. In contrast, the AS sign is negative for other fuel cell reactions, such as hydrogen-oxygen and direct methanol.

From these facts, in the power generation method of the present invention, theoretical characteristics when hydrogen peroxide is used as the first substance and the second substance are described below.

In other known fuel cells, the amount of change in entropy ΤΔS cannot be used for power generation in principle and is released as heat. On the other hand, this mechanism absorbs heat from the outside world The increase in entropy obtained in this way can be used for power generation. When the reaction temperature T is higher, the absolute value of AG becomes larger and the electromotive force becomes higher.

In a practical battery, the output voltage is not determined only by the theoretical electromotive force of the ion reaction formula, but the voltage is reduced due to overvoltage or the like, and heat is generated at the same time. For example, this heat poses a major problem when integrating unit batteries by scanning or integrating batteries inside products. However, as described above, according to the power generation method of the present invention, the heat can be theoretically reused for power generation, and there is a possibility that the overall heat generation is reduced. AG, which is equivalent to the total amount of energy that can be used for power generation, is about half that of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells, but n = l (n = 2 for hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells). The theoretical electromotive force is almost the same.

From the above, in the battery of the present invention and the power generation method of the present invention, when hydrogen peroxide is used as the first substance and the second substance, the following effects can be obtained.

(1) Hydrogen peroxide does not release carbon dioxide due to the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy, but instead releases oxygen. In addition, it does not use ignitable materials, combustible materials, harmful heavy metals, etc. as structural elements inside the battery, so it has excellent environmental safety throughout the product cycle of manufacturing, use, and disposal.

(2) Hydrogen peroxide is a liquid at normal temperature and pressure, so it does not require heavy metal cylinders for storage.It can be freely mixed with water, so it is easy to gel and has a good storage property. It is possible to take a fuel supply method with excellent characteristics.

(3) Since it is not necessary to use oxygen as an oxidizing agent, its use is not hindered even in a closed environment with a limited amount of air or in a harsh environment where air contains a lot of dust and dirt.

(4) Hydrogen peroxide is produced industrially as an organic method (a method of synthesizing anthraquinone by catalytic reduction of hydrogen with a catalyst and air oxidation as an intermediate (it is not reused because it is reused many times)), etc. Has already been established, and it is still supplied at a stable price at present. In addition, since the battery can be configured with a simple structure with few peripheral components, the weight and volume of the entire battery system can be reduced, and cost reduction and high durability can be achieved. In the above, the power generation method using hydrogen peroxide as the first substance and the second substance has been described. However, when other substances (compounds) are used for both substances, oxidation and reduction are performed on the electrode side. It is substantially the same in that a reaction takes place.

Therefore, according to the battery of the present invention and the power generation method of the present invention, the power generation mechanism enables stable power generation.

Further, in the battery of the present invention and the power generation method of the present invention, products generated by the electrode reaction are generated not in the vicinity of the electrodes but in the vicinity of the electrodes. Therefore, when it is necessary to remove them, the battery structure is included. It can be easily removed from the outside of the housing. Further, when the product generated by the electrode reaction is water and the acidic medium or the basic medium is an aqueous solution, or the first substance and the second substance are mixed, dissolved, and dispersed in the aqueous solution for use. In this case, the generated water can be easily removed from the vicinity of the electrode by diffusing the generated water into both media and discharging the water out of the battery.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the battery of the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Preferred embodiments of the battery of the present invention include, for example, (1) a chip-type fluid fuel cell, (2) a paper-type fuel cell, and (3) a gel-type primary battery shown below.

[(1) Chip type fluid fuel cell]

This chip-type fluid fuel cell has an acid-basic bipolar reaction field using a liquid such as an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid as an acidic medium and a liquid such as an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide as a basic medium. A specific configuration will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 2A is a schematic top perspective view of the chip-type fluid fuel cell. As shown here, the chip-type fluid fuel cell is constructed between a slide glass 11 and a cover glass 10.

: Capillary channel 1 (50 m deep, 50 m deep) through a spacer (member 12 in FIG. 2B)

1 0 0 0 u rn) is formed. The capillary channel 1 has an inlet 2 and an inlet 3 for supplying a liquid acidic medium and a liquid basic medium, and an outlet 4 and an outlet 5 for discharging. For example, when an acidic aqueous solution a flows from the inlet 2 and a basic aqueous solution b flows from the inlet 3 to the capillary channel 1, if the viscosity of the two liquids and their flow rates are appropriate, at the junction of the capillary channel 1 A laminar flow (Reynolds flow) is formed.

This laminar flow will be described with reference to FIG. 2B. Figure 2B shows the chip type of Figure 2A FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the fluid fuel cell taken along line A-A ', as viewed from the direction of flow of both media. As shown in the figure, the acidic aqueous solution a and the basic aqueous solution b form the laminar flow a and the laminar flow b, respectively, even at the merging portion of the capillary channel 1, and while they are in contact with each other, They flow in the capillary channel 1 without intermingling. Then, while forming the laminar flow a and the laminar flow b, they pass through the merging portion and separate again at the branch portion, and the acidic aqueous solution a is discharged from the outlet 4 and the basic aqueous solution b is discharged from the outlet 5. Collected independently.

Two platinum electrodes 6 and 8 are provided at the bottom of the merging portion of the capillary channel 1 forming such a laminar flow, and electric power is taken out to the outside through the respective connection terminals 7 and 9. be able to.

In this way, the formation of a laminar flow and a state in which the two liquids do not mix despite contact are realized by applying the characteristics of the viscous fluid in the capillary channel. it can. This is a phenomenon that occurs when the Reynolds number (R e), which is a constant that depends on the viscosity of the liquid, the flow velocity, and the flow path shape (tube diameter or flow path width and depth), is about 2000 or less. (Reynolds flow phenomenon). When this phenomenon is used, the two liquids having an appropriate viscosity and a moving speed in a capillary form a laminar flow, and have a characteristic of being very difficult to mix. Therefore, if electrodes are placed in each laminar flow with the first substance and the second substance coexisting in both laminar flows, the oxidation reaction in the acidic medium and the A reduction reaction occurs, and an electromotive force is generated to form a battery. Assuming that the chip-type fluid fuel cell is one unit cell, an increase in current and voltage can be achieved by arranging a plurality of unit cells in parallel or in series. The complicated structure of such a capillary channel is based on ultrasonic grinding and semiconductor photolithography for substrates (chips) such as glass, quartz, silicon, polymer film, plastic resin, ceramic, graphite, and metal. Also, it can be easily manufactured by applying existing processing technologies such as sand blasting, injection molding, and silicone resin molding. Therefore, by integrating the unit cells and stacking multiple chips, a battery system with the desired performance (current and voltage) can be constructed.

[(2) Paper-type fuel cell] This paper-type fuel cell has an acid-base bipolar reaction field in which solid media are used as an acidic medium and a basic medium, and they are arranged in contact with each other. The specific configuration will be described with reference to a schematic cross-sectional perspective view of the paper fuel cell shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B.

The paper fuel cell shown in FIG. 3A has an acidic reaction field composed of a first electrode 22 and an acidic medium 20 and a basic reaction field composed of a second electrode 32 and a basic medium 30. ,, And are in contact with each other, and the first substance and the second substance are supplied thereto to generate power. For example, when the first substance and the second substance are hydrogen peroxide, the aqueous solution L of hydrogen peroxide is supplied by being dropped or permeated as shown by the arrow in FIG. 3A. As a result, an oxidation reaction in an acidic reaction field and a reduction reaction in a basic reaction field occur, and an electromotive force is developed. Here, it is preferable that the shape of the electrode is a mesh so as to be a discharge channel for gas generated in the battery. The paper fuel cell shown in FIG. 3A is an embodiment in which the method of supplying the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution in FIG. 3B is changed. As described above, by providing a supply member 40 including a fiber or a capillary member capable of permeating and absorbing an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution at a part of the interface between the acidic medium 20 and the basic medium 30, Through this member 40, the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is supplied to the acidic medium 20 and the basic medium 30. As a result, an oxidation reaction in an acidic reaction field and a reduction reaction in a basic reaction field occur, and an electromotive force is developed. Also, here, it is preferable that the electrode shape is a mesh shape so as to be a discharge channel for gas generated in the battery.

As described above, the acidic medium 20 and the basic medium 30 include a matrix containing a strongly acidic substituent (such as a sulfonate group or a phosphate group) and a strongly basic substituent (such as a quaternary ammonium group). ) A matrix containing, a combination of, a combination of a strongly acidic ion exchange resin and a strongly basic ion exchange resin, a combination of a strongly acidic ion exchange filter paper and a strongly basic ion exchange filter paper, solid super strong acid and solid super strong base The combination with is preferred.

In the paper-type fuel cell as described above, water is decomposed into hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions at the contact interface between the acid-basic bipolar reaction field and supplied. Then, by supplying an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution to this reaction field from the outside, power is continuously generated. You can live. The paper-type fuel cell has the advantage that an external pump is not required because a dropping or permeating means is used when supplying the aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide. Paper-type fuel cells can also utilize the phenomenon that reaction product water evaporates into the atmosphere from the cell surface.

[(3) Gel type primary battery]

This gel-type primary battery is formed by contacting and disposing an ion conductive gel obtained by gelling an acidic aqueous solution as an acidic medium and an ion conductive gel obtained by gelling a basic aqueous solution as a basic medium. It has a base bipolar reaction field. A specific configuration will be described with reference to a schematic cross-sectional perspective view of the gel type primary battery shown in FIG. The gel-type primary battery shown in FIG. 4 has an acidic reaction field composed of a first electrode 22 and an acidic medium 20 and a basic reaction field composed of a second electrode 32 and a basic medium 30. They are in contact with each other, and have a structure in which the acidic medium 20 contains the first substance and the basic medium 30 contains the second substance. For example, when the first substance and the second substance are hydrogen peroxide, an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide is allowed to coexist in the acidic medium 20 and / or the basic medium 30 or both. As a result, an oxidation reaction occurs in an acidic reaction field and a reduction reaction occurs in a basic reaction field, and an electromotive force is generated. The electrode only needs to be in contact with the medium from one side or both sides, and the shape thereof is preferably a mesh so as to be a discharge passage for gas generated in the battery.

In such a gel-type primary battery, the hydrogen ion and hydroxide ions contained in the conductive gel and the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution are consumed along with the power generation (salt is generated at the same time), and these are lost. The power supply stops at that point. In addition, these consumed substances cannot be re-supplied from the outside, so they become primary batteries.However, in addition to the simplicity of the structure, the gel uses a highly self-holding gel state as both reaction fields. Since the reaction field can be maintained stably, it is possible to adopt a sealed battery configuration that is excellent in portability and economy.

Although the embodiment of the battery of the present invention has been described above, the configuration of the present invention is not limited to this application. For example, the battery of the above configuration is combined with a conventional battery using hydrogen fuel or methanol fuel. Can be used as a combined generator Example

Hereinafter, the effects of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.

[Example 1]

In the chip type fluid fuel cell shown in FIG. 2, a power generation experiment was performed under the following conditions, current-voltage characteristics were obtained, and the battery was evaluated.

Sample solution A (hydrogen peroxide) was prepared by mixing a commercially available 3% by weight aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution (Oxidol of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, Kenei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) with sulfuric acid (96% grade, Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.) and distilled water. 0.75 mol Zulfuric acid (0.75N (1.5 mol / l)) was prepared. In addition, sodium hydroxide (special grade 97%, Kanto Kagaku Co., Ltd.) and distilled water were mixed with the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution, and sample solution B (0.75 mol / l hydrogen peroxide, 75N sodium hydroxide 75mo 1/1)) was prepared.

Then, a sample liquid A was injected from the inlet 2 of the chip-type fluid fuel cell, and a sample liquid B was injected from the inlet 3 by the external pump. The flow rate of the sample solution was 241 Zsec (Reynolds number Re: about 670) at the center of the flow channel, and the experimental temperature was room temperature. Electrode on the bottom of the flow channel in contact with sample solution A (Platinum thin film, area: 0.026 cm ² ) No gas was generated on the surface of the electrode, whereas the electrode on the bottom of the flow channel in contact with sample solution B ( Platinum thin film, area: 0.026 cm ² ) Oxygen gas generation was observed on the 6 surfaces. This is because the electrode 8 acts as a positive electrode by producing water by the reaction of the above (Equation 1), and the electrode 6 acts as a negative electrode by producing oxygen and water by the reaction of the above (Equation 2). It is.

Fig. 5 shows the current-voltage characteristics obtained using the fuel cell under the above experimental conditions. In the case of this example, an open circuit voltage of 700 mV and a maximum output of 23 mWZcm ² (at an electromotive voltage of 300 mV and a current of 77 mA / cm ² ) were obtained.

[Example 2]

The same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed using the same chip-type fluid fuel cell as in Example 1 above, but changing the concentration of hydrogen peroxide contained in the sample solution. The hydrogen peroxide concentration of sample liquids A and B injected from inlet 2 and inlet 3 of the chip-type fluid fuel cell was 0 It was 45mo 1 1. The flow rate and experimental temperature are the same as in Example 1. FIG. 5 shows current-voltage characteristics obtained using the fuel cell under such experimental conditions. In the case of this example, an open-circuit voltage of 675 mV and a maximum output of 9 mW / cm ² were obtained.

[Example 3]

The same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed using the same chip-type fluid fuel cell as in Example 1 above, but changing the concentration of hydrogen peroxide contained in the sample solution. The hydrogen peroxide concentrations of the sample liquids A and B injected from the inlet 2 and the inlet 3 of the chip-type fluid fuel cell were both 0.22 mol 1/1. The flow rate and experimental temperature are the same as in Example 1. FIG. 5 shows current-voltage characteristics obtained using the fuel cell under such experimental conditions. In the case of the present example, an open circuit voltage of 620 mV and a maximum output of 3 mWZ cm ² were obtained.

[Example 4]

The same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed using the same chip-type fluid fuel cell as in Example 1 above, but changing the concentration of hydrogen peroxide contained in the sample solution. The hydrogen peroxide concentrations of the sample liquids A and B injected from the inlet 2 and the inlet 3 of the chip-type fluid fuel cell were both 0.1 l Omol Zl. The flow rate and experimental temperature are the same as in Example 1. FIG. 5 shows current-voltage characteristics obtained using the fuel cell under such experimental conditions. In the case of this embodiment, an open circuit voltage of 611 mV and a maximum output of lmWZcm ² were obtained.

[Example 5]

Using the same chip-type fluid fuel cell as in Example 1 above, the materials of the first electrode and the second electrode were changed as follows, and further, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide contained in the sample liquid was changed. The same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed. The electrode material was silver for electrode 6 and platinum for electrode 8. The hydrogen peroxide concentrations of the sample liquids A and B injected from the inlet 2 and the inlet 3 of the chip-type fluid fuel cell were both 0.45 mol Zl. The flow rate and experimental temperature are the same as in Example 1.

From the current-voltage characteristics obtained using the fuel cell under such experimental conditions, an open-circuit voltage of 540 mV and a maximum output of 6 mW / cm ² were obtained in this example. [Example 6] · In the paper-type fuel cell shown in Fig. 3A, a power generation experiment was performed under the following conditions, current-voltage characteristics were obtained, and the battery was evaluated.

A small piece (1.5 × 01 × 1.5 cm) of strongly acidic ion exchange filter paper (Toray Chemical, RX-1 Series CP-1) is used for the acidic medium 20, and a strong basic ion exchange filter is used for the basic medium 30. A small piece of filter paper (Toray Chemical, RX-1 series AP-1) (length 1.5 (; 111 cm width 1.5 cm)) was used as the first electrode 22 and the second electrode 32. A platinum black mesh having the same area as the acidic medium and the basic medium (a nickel mesh surface of 100 mesh blackened with platinum) was used, and was brought into close contact with the acidic medium and the basic medium, respectively.

Then, as shown by the arrow in FIG. 3A, a 3% by weight aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide (Oxidol of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, Kenei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) L is added dropwise to the first substance and the second substance. Supplied. As a result, an oxidation reaction in an acidic reaction field and a reduction reaction in a basic reaction field occurred, and an electromotive force was developed.

Fig. 6 shows the current-voltage characteristics obtained using the fuel cell under the above experimental conditions. In the case of this embodiment, an open circuit voltage of 120 mV and a maximum output of 0.35 AWZcm ² (at an electromotive voltage of 80 mV and a current of 01 mA / cm ² ) were obtained.

[Example 7]

In the gel-type primary battery shown in Fig. 4, a power generation experiment was performed under the following conditions, current-voltage characteristics were obtained, and the battery was evaluated.

Acidic medium 20 (0.25 mol / l sulfuric acid, 0.5 mo 1/1 hydrogen peroxide, gelled with 10% by weight of anhydrous silicon dioxide) and basic medium 30 (0.5 mo 1/1 sodium hydroxide, 0.5 mo 1/1 hydrogen peroxide, gelled with 8% by weight of cross-linked sodium polyacrylate) using the first electrode 22 and the second electrode As for No. 32, a platinum black mesh of 2.6 cm ² (100 mesh nickel mesh surface blackened with platinum) was adhered to each medium. From the current-voltage characteristics obtained using the primary battery under the above experimental conditions, the open-circuit voltage was 570 mV and the maximum output was 0.2 mWZcm ² (electromotive force: 300 mV, current 1.7 mA / cm) in this example. ² ) was obtained. [Comparative Example 1]

Using the same chip-type fluid fuel cell as in Example 1 above, the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed, except that the sample solution did not contain hydrogen peroxide and the concentrations of sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide were changed. The concentrations of sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide of the sample liquids A and B injected from the inlet 2 and the inlet 3 of the chip-type fluid fuel cell were both 0.45 mO 1/1. The flow rate and experimental temperature are the same as in Example 1.

FIG. 5 shows current-voltage characteristics obtained using the fuel cell under such experimental conditions. In Comparative Example 1, although the open power (300 mV) due to the liquid junction voltage was measured, a significant current was not obtained.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a voltage and a current are obtained, and in the fifth and seventh embodiments, a voltage and a current are obtained. It has been found that power can be generated and electric energy can be supplied by the battery having the novel configuration and the power generation method using the battery. Industrial applicability

The bipolar battery of the present invention is a battery having a novel configuration, and the electromotive force generated by the oxidation / reduction reaction at the solid electrode is a main source obtained from the battery, so that stable power generation can be achieved. It is possible. The battery of the present invention and the power generation method using the battery solve the problems of conventional batteries, for example, the use of combustible and ignitable fuels, no emission of carbon dioxide, and easy storage. It offers advantages such as simplicity of the structure, etc., and its industrial utility is extremely large.

Claims

The scope of the claims

1. An acidic medium, comprising: a first electrode arranged in the acidic medium; a basic medium in contact with the acidic medium; and a second electrode arranged in the basic medium. The acidic medium contains a first substance that causes a reaction to take away electrons from the first electrode together with hydrogen ions contained in the acidic medium, and the base in the basic medium A battery comprising: a second substance that causes a reaction of donating electrons to the second electrode together with hydroxide ions contained in a conductive medium.

2. The battery according to claim 1, wherein the first substance and the second substance are the same substance.

3. The battery according to claim 2, wherein the first substance and the second substance are both hydrogen peroxide.

4. The battery according to claim 3, wherein the hydrogen peroxide is supplied as a liquid or a solid containing hydrogen peroxide or releasing hydrogen peroxide by a chemical change.

5. The battery according to claim 1, wherein the acidic medium comprises an acidic aqueous solution, and the basic medium comprises a basic aqueous solution.

6. The battery according to claim 5, further comprising a channel structure in which the acidic aqueous solution and the basic aqueous solution form a laminar flow therein.

7. The acidic aqueous solution is sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydroiodic acid, hydrobromic acid, perchloric acid, periodic acid, orthophosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, nitric acid , Tetrafluoroboric acid, hexafluorosilicic acid, Select from the group consisting of safluorinic acid, hexafluoroarsenic acid, hexacloplatinic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, salicylic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, phthalic acid, fumaric acid, and picric acid 6. The battery according to claim 5, wherein the battery contains one or more acids.

8. The basic aqueous solution is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethyl hydroxide. One or more bases selected from the group comprising ammonium, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, or sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, Contains at least one alkali metal salt of a weak acid selected from the group including sodium borate, potassium borate, sodium silicate, potassium silicate, sodium tripolyphosphate, potassium tripolyphosphate, sodium aluminate, and potassium aluminate 6. The battery according to claim 5, wherein:

9. The battery according to claim 1, wherein the acidic medium is composed of an acidic ion exchange member, and the basic medium is composed of a basic ion exchange member.

10. The ion exchange member is a group consisting of a polyvinylstyrene-based ion exchange resin, a polyfluorohydrocarbon polymer-based polymer electrolyte membrane, a polyvinylstyrene-based ion-exchange membrane, and a fibrous polystyrene-based ion-exchange filter paper. 10. The battery according to claim 9, wherein the battery is selected from the group consisting of:

11. The battery according to claim 1, wherein the acidic medium is composed of an acidic ion-conductive gel, and the basic medium is composed of a basic ion-conductive gel.

1 2. The acidic ion-conductive gel is used to convert acidic aqueous solution into water glass and anhydrous 12. The battery according to claim 11, wherein the battery is gelled with silicon, cross-linked polyacrylic acid, or a salt thereof.

13. The battery according to claim 11, wherein the basic ion-conductive gel is obtained by gelling a basic aqueous solution with carboxymethyl cellulose, cross-linked polyacrylic acid, or a salt thereof.

14. The first electrode is made of platinum, platinum black, platinum oxide coated platinum, silver, gold, surface passivated titanium, surface passivated stainless steel, surface passivated nickel, surface 2. The battery according to claim 1, wherein the battery is made of one or more materials selected from the group consisting of aluminum, a carbon structure, an amorphous carbon, and glassy carbon having passivated. 3.

15. The second electrode is made of platinum, platinum black, platinum oxide-coated platinum, silver, gold, surface passivated titanium, surface passivated stainless steel, surface passivated nickel, surface 2. The battery according to claim 1, wherein the battery is made of at least one material selected from the group consisting of aluminum, a carbon structure, amorphous carbon, and glassy carbon, which is passivated.

16. The battery according to claim 1, wherein each of the first electrode and the second electrode has a plate shape, a thin film shape, a mesh shape, or a fiber shape.

17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are disposed on an acidic medium and a basic medium, respectively, by an electroless plating method, a vapor deposition method, or a sputtering method. The battery as described.

18. A battery comprising: an acidic medium, a first electrode arranged in the acidic medium, a basic medium in contact with the acidic medium, and a second electrode arranged in the basic medium. The power generation method used, The first substance contained in the acidic medium causes a reaction to take away electrons from the first electrode together with hydrogen ions, and the second substance contained in the basic medium is a hydroxide ion Generating a reaction by causing a reaction of donating electrons to the second electrode in conjunction with the power generation.