WO2005047402A1 - Procede anticorrosion et materiau anticorrosion - Google Patents
Procede anticorrosion et materiau anticorrosion Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005047402A1 WO2005047402A1 PCT/US2004/036423 US2004036423W WO2005047402A1 WO 2005047402 A1 WO2005047402 A1 WO 2005047402A1 US 2004036423 W US2004036423 W US 2004036423W WO 2005047402 A1 WO2005047402 A1 WO 2005047402A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gel
- aqueous gel
- metallic surface
- anticorrosion composition
- dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
- C23F11/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in air or gases by adding vapour phase inhibitors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/08—Anti-corrosive paints
- C09D5/082—Anti-corrosive paints characterised by the anti-corrosive pigment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/43—Thickening agents
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to anti-corrosion protection for metallic surfaces and specifically to a method for corrosion prevention and an anticorrosion coating.
- anticorrosion products are used to protect structures such as refineries, power plants, pipelines, ships, rail cars, power generation equipment, military equipment, pressure vessels, and offshore structures. It is important for businesses to protect these essential structures effectively from corrosion to keep them intact and operational.
- total annual corrosion ' costs in the United States are as much as $552 billion.
- MIC microbiological-influenced corrosion
- Bacteria and microbes are omnipresent and contribute significantly to corrosion. They combine with air, water and chemicals in the environment to create organic-metallic salts, which produce acids and increase corrosion.
- the MIC process generates gases and osmotic processes which blister paint or other protective coatings. The blisters may break, allowing chemicals to concentrate therein and corrode the metal substrate.
- One troublesome area is corrosion protection in the marine environment, for example, between the inner and outer hulls of double-hulled ships and barges. Double hull construction attempts to lessen environmental damage from the release of cargo in the event of a catastrophic failure.
- VCI Volatile Corrosion Inhibitors
- VPI Vapor Phase Inhibitors
- VCI VCI components have a high affinity for metal ions.
- VCIs used for protection of iron include nitrites, amines, and/or amino acids.
- Amine based VCIs include primary amines (cyclohexylamine, benzylamine), secondary amines (dicyclohexylamine), tertiary amines (triethylamine, tributylamine) and their derivatives (triethanoiamine, cyclohexylamine carbonate), and mixtures thereof.
- VCIs may also be made from a volatile ester of an amino acid.
- VCIs are typically provided in powder form which sublimate under normal conditions. The VCI compounds are placed in an enclosed space. The sublimation causes a concentration of VCI vapor to build and permeate the confined space. The VCI components in vapor form are mobile and freely interact with exposed metal oxide layers to minimize further corrosion. Much of the VCI prior art concerns maintaining a sufficient concentration of VCI vapor near the surfaces to be protected as the vapor diffuses.
- a primary object of the invention is to provide an effective method to minimize corrosion in confined or difficult-to-reach areas, such as within the double hull of vessels, in pipelines, offshore pontoons, drilling equipment, floating roofs, bridges, electric plants, mining machinery, pressure vessels, storage tanks, mooring structures, navigational aids, aircraft frames and fuselages, automobiles, railway cars, and decommissioned/dormant equipment.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a corrosion protection coating and application method which requires minimal surface preparation, which requires no special handling or application equipment, which is easily applied and easily removed, and which is long-lasting.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a low cost anticorrosive gel. which minimizes electrochemical corrosion reactions.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a gel coating which mitigates microbial-influenced corrosion.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a gel coating which protects a passivation oxide layer from corrosion.
- Another object of the invention is to provide an anticorrosion coating which is water-based, environmentally clean, and safe to personnel.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a gel coating capable of repeated dehydration and re-hydration with no loss of coating integrity and minimal impact to corrosion protection.
- the objects identified above, as well as other features and advantages of the invention are incorporated in a water-based anticorrosion gel composition which, when applied to a metal substrate, creates an environment which inhibits general corrosion activity and which will not support microbial growth, and a method of corrosion prevention by application thereof.
- the composition comprises a aqueous cellulose gel or equivalent with an active chemical volatile corrosion inhibitor (VCI) component characterized by anti-corrosive properties, for example amines. Contrary to traditional use, the VCI component is not packaged to enhance sublimation, but to minimize sublimation.
- VCI component is carried within the gel directly to the metal substrate.
- the gel tenaciously adheres to most surfaces, even when the surfaces are vertically oriented or the gel is on the undersides of horizontal surfaces.
- the gel may dry and be re-hydrated without loss of corrosion protection ability.
- the method of application includes spraying, dipping, rolling, brushing, flow coating, injecting, impregnating or equivalent processes.
- the gel may be injected underneath pipe lagging or be impregnated into the pipe lagging material.
- Figure 1 is an explosion diagram which illustrates a pipe and halved sections of lagging or insulation for corrosion prevention of the pipe in accordance with one or more embodiments of the invention.
- the invention relates to a method of corrosion prevention and to an anticorrosion composition.
- the composition is a water-based gel carrier including one or more compounds traditionally used as and referred to as volatile corrosion inhibitor (VCI) or vapor phase inhibitor (VPI) compounds.
- VCI volatile corrosion inhibitor
- VPI vapor phase inhibitor
- the resultant aqueous gel preferably has high surface tension and a viscosity like that of nasal mucus or phlegm.
- the anticorrosion gel is applied to a metallic surface to be protected from corrosion. Because the phlegmatic formulation exists in a semi-soft gelatinous form, it may be applied by spray, brush, roller or flow coat.
- the mucus-like gel is tenacious in adhering to surfaces and is capable of clinging to vertical surfaces and the undersides of horizontal surfaces.
- the gel carrier is made with water and a thickener.
- the thickener composition is not critical and can be any commonly used thickener capable of forming a gel with the desired phlegmy consistency in the presence of the VCI ingredient.
- a variety of semi-synthetic insoluble cellulose thickeners, i.e., amorphous carbohydrate polymers of the formula (C ⁇ H t oOs ), lignin derivatives, and modified starch ethers and acetates may be used.
- a 1.5 percent by weight mixture of Methocell K15MS, manufactured by Dow Chemical Company, with water results in a thin, mucus-like gel
- a 4.0 percent by weight mixture of Methocell with water results in a gel with a consistency like jelly.
- suitable thickeners include carbomer compounds, e.g., an aliphatic polymer with carboxylic acid groups.
- Carbopol manufactured by B.F. Goodrich, is one such suitable carbomer compound.
- the thickener may also be formed from natural polymers such as xantham, arabic, tragacanth, and karaya gums, as well as from synthetic polymers such as polyacrylic acids, polyacrylamides, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and polyethyleneimie (aziridine).
- the VCI components are selected based on the base material to be protected.
- amine VCI components are suitable for ferrous metals such as carbon steel, whereas other VCI components may be preferable for non-ferrous metals such as copper of aluminum.
- the amount of VCI used is not critical and may range from a few parts per million to over approximately forty percent by weight of the gel, although a VCI concentration of 0.5 percent to 5 percent is preferred. In general, the higher the VCI concentration becomes, the more effective the anticorrosion properties of the gel become, up to a point. However, although anticorrosion performance is seen to increase as the amount of VCI present in the gel is increases, the cost of the gel similarly grows.
- VCI compounds families may be used including, but not limited to, nitrites, nitrides, benzoates, sulfonates, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, diamines, aliphatic polyamines, ethers, salts of quaternary ammonium compounds, amine salts, aromatic amines, nonaromatic heterocyclic amines, heterocyclic amines, alkanolamines, substituted alkanolamines, thiols, thioethers, sulfoxides, thiourea, substituted thioureas, substituted thiocarbonyl esters, phosphonium salts, arsonium salts, phosphates, sulfonates, molybdates, amino acids, corresponding salts and combinations or equivalents thereof.
- an embodiment with a mixture of 3 percent by weight of VAPPRO 848, a solid amine-based material with slight volatility and high water solubility manufactured by Magna Chemical Canada, Inc., with 94 percent by weight water and 3 percent by weight cellulose thickener provides a high level of corrosion protection.
- the aqueous gel/VCI combination combines the anticorrosion VCI characteristics of strong oxidation capability and affinity for metal ions with the gel characteristics of ease of application, tenacity in adhering to surfaces, and the ability for the gel film to self heal.
- the VCI components have a pronounced tendency to conjugate with metal ions, and they perform most effectively when they are mobile to freely encounter and interact with the metal ions.
- the gel acts as a vehicle to carry and hold the VCI ingredients in proximity to the protected metal surfaces.
- Most VCI compounds are hydrophilic, i.e., they absorb water. The absorption of water results in a reduction of the tendency of the VCI to sublimate.
- the transition of the VCI ingredients to the vapor phase by sublimation is minimized by water absorption.
- the VCI components preferably remain in the gel. In lieu of sublimation to the vapor phase, it is the water component of the gel which gives transport of the VCI ingredients through the gel coating to allow interaction with exposed metal oxide layers to minimize further corrosion.
- the aqueous anticorrosion gel of one or more embodiments will preferably not support microbial growth.
- the gel preferably has a high pH and is self- buffering. If required, one or more alkaline compounds may be added to the gel mixture to create the desired pH level.
- the high pH gel mitigates microbial influenced corrosion in addition to the VCI's capacity to inhibit ionic corrosion.
- the gel carrier itself, generally formed by mixing water with a suitable insoluble thickener, reduces the rate of corrosion when applied to a metallic surface by minimizing the presence of oxygen where applied.
- a gel/VCI mixture is attractive in areas where traffic does not occur, such as voids.
- the gel remains in place on poorly prepared surfaces, since it does not have the strength to flake off or blister away from the surface. If it is necessary to remove the gel for any reason, a pressure washer can be used. If an additional application is desired, no surface preparation at all is required except removal of gross debris in the space.
- the gel tenaciously remains on the surfaces where applied both when completely submerged (provided only minimal fluid flow exists at the surfaces) and when intermittently wetted. In the event that a gel-covered surface remains dry for an extended time, the gel may eventually dry into a thin hard film. The lack of water immobilizes the VCI components in place within the film.
- the non-hydrolyzed VCI components are free to sublimate from the dry film. If the protected surface is in an enclosed space, a VCI vapor concentration will build up, resulting in continued protection of the surface. If the dry film is rewetted, the gel will re-form. The rehydrated gel will minimize further sublimation of the VCI ingredients from the coating, but some of the previously sublimated VCI vapor will remain in the vapor phase.
- the gel may optionally be crosslinked by the use of known crosslinking agents such as poly-functional water-soluble metals or multifunctional organic substances. The amount of crosslinking is proportional to the quantity of crosslinking agent and can be controlled to provide the desired combination of mechanical and water-binding properties.
- Cross-linking increases the mechanical strength of the gel, but it reduces the free mobility of the VCI compounds.
- dye for example, Fluoroscein
- the gel is preferably made from a selection of ingredients which result in an environmentally safe mixture.
- the gel may additionally contain a preservative or stabilizer to minimize bacterial attack.
- Dowisil 75 (1 (3 dhlorallyh) 3, 5, 7, - triaza-1- azondaadamantane), provided by Dow Chemical is suitable.
- the method of corrosion protection involves using the aqueous gel as a carrier which provides 'mobility for and minimizes sublimation of VCI components and covering the surfaces to be protected in the aqueous gel/VCI mixture.
- the gel may be applied by spray, paint brush, paint roller, flow coat or dipping.
- the gel may also be injected underneath a cladding which covers the surface, for example, an insulating foam, to cover and protect the metallic surface.
- the gel may be impregnated into a cladding material.
- an open-cell reticulate foam may be saturated with the gel and used to cover the metallic surfaces.
- Figure 1 illustrates a practical method of protecting insulated steel piping 10 using the gel of one or more embodiments according to the invention.
- Low temperature steel piping 10 is generally subject to accelerated corrosion because of temperature fluctuations below the dew-point causing condensation and concentration cell effects.
- the gel is pre-impregnated or otherwise incorporated into the insulating materials 12, 14.
- the insulating materials 12, 14 are preferably semi-cylindrical in shape and are installed to envelope pipe 10.
- the insulating materials 12, 14 are preferably covered with a water-tight outer cladding 16 to minimize water ingress, gel evaporation, and to provide mechanical protection of the insulation.
- the cladding 16 may be integral with preformed insulating material 12, 14 or may be applied to the insulating material 12, 14 after the insulating material is installed on the piping 10.
- the impregnated gel acts to prevent corrosion of the piping 10 outer surfaces. Protection of the steel piping 10 depends in the initial quantity of gel used, the type and concentration of the VCI components in the gel, the gel losses through leakage or permeation through the insulating materials 12, 14 and cladding 16, and other factors.
- the parameters can be controlled to provide effective long-term anticorrosion protection.
- the insulation sleeve 14 is shown with a semi-circular section 18 cut away to reveal an injection port 20 which passes therethrough.
- the injection port 20 is preferably made from PVC, GRP or similar material, although other suitable materials may be used.
- the pipe insulation preferably has a plurality of injection ports 20 positioned at periodic intervals along the length of the pipe 10, with each port 20 extending from outside the outer cladding 16 to the surface of the piping 10.
- the injection ports 20 may be used to inject anticorrosion gel to refresh the corrosion protection offered by the pre-impregnated insulation materials 12, 14.
- insulating materials 12, 14 are conventional materials which are not pre-impregnated with anticorrosion gel.
- the insulating materials 12, 14 are installed on piping 10, and watertight cladding 16 in installed.
- Injection ports 20 are installed along the length of the lagged piping 10 through holes formed through the lagging using an epoxy adhesive or similar material.
- anticorrosion gel is injected through ports 20 to fill the annulus between piping 10 and cladding 16. For example, starting at one end of the piping 10 or from the lowest point, the gel is injected using a diaphragm pump or similar low pressure pump. When the gel begins to weep out of the adjacent or next higher port 20, pumping is ceased, and the first port is plugged.
- the procedure is repeated at the next port, and so on, until the entire piping is treated by flooding the lagging with the anticorrosion gel.
- the gel may be dyed various colors to distinguish aged gel from fresh gel. For example, at initial fill the system may be injected with a yellow pigment (e.g., Fluoroscein). After a period of time, e.g., two years, the injection procedure is repeated using a red pigmented gel. During injection, when predominantly red gel exits the next port, that indicates replacement of the aged gel with fresh gel. After another period of time, e.g. four years from first fill, the injection procedure is repeated with white pigmented gel.
- a yellow pigment e.g., Fluoroscein
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US51884103P | 2003-11-10 | 2003-11-10 | |
US60/518,841 | 2003-11-10 | ||
US58659504P | 2004-07-12 | 2004-07-12 | |
US58659604P | 2004-07-12 | 2004-07-12 | |
US60/586,596 | 2004-07-12 | ||
US60/586,595 | 2004-07-12 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2005047402A1 true WO2005047402A1 (fr) | 2005-05-26 |
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ID=34595935
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/US2004/036423 WO2005047402A1 (fr) | 2003-11-10 | 2004-11-01 | Procede anticorrosion et materiau anticorrosion |
Country Status (1)
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WO (1) | WO2005047402A1 (fr) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2437655A (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2007-10-31 | Grid71 Ltd | A method of inhibiting corrosion of reinforcement members in concrete |
CN103695936A (zh) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-04-02 | 明光市留香泵业有限公司 | 水基工序间环保防锈液及其制备方法 |
CN103695917A (zh) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-04-02 | 明光市留香泵业有限公司 | 一种水乳型防锈液及其制备方法 |
CN104073805A (zh) * | 2014-07-08 | 2014-10-01 | 森鹤乐器股份有限公司 | 一种钢琴弦轴的防锈液制备方法 |
CN105907149A (zh) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-08-31 | 石鸿娟 | 一种环保型水性防锈涂料及其制备方法 |
WO2018118427A1 (fr) * | 2016-12-19 | 2018-06-28 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Procédés de nettoyage de pipeline de gaz |
US10240709B2 (en) | 2016-06-11 | 2019-03-26 | Corrpro Companies, Inc. | System and method for protecting one or more pipes against corrosion and corrosion-protected pipe |
CN111051279A (zh) * | 2017-09-01 | 2020-04-21 | 阿科玛法国公司 | 磺酸的制备方法 |
US10938008B2 (en) | 2017-01-13 | 2021-03-02 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Battery cell tray including volatile corrosion inhibitor |
CN116769441A (zh) * | 2023-06-06 | 2023-09-19 | 广东启悦未来科技股份有限公司 | 一种内衣背扣的制备方法及产品 |
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DD101422A1 (fr) * | 1972-07-19 | 1973-11-12 | ||
US4792464A (en) * | 1987-06-01 | 1988-12-20 | Martenson Irvin W | Corrosion coating composition |
US5486308A (en) * | 1992-12-14 | 1996-01-23 | A+ Corp. | Compositions combinations of dessicants and vapor-corrosion inhibitors |
US5958115A (en) * | 1997-02-28 | 1999-09-28 | EXCOR Korrosionsschutz-Technolgien und--Produkte GmbH | Corrosion-inhibiting composite material |
US6464899B1 (en) * | 1999-06-11 | 2002-10-15 | Henkel Loctite Corporation | Putty composition containing a vapor phase corrosion inhibitor |
US6540959B1 (en) * | 1998-07-29 | 2003-04-01 | Excor Korrosionsforschung Gmbh | Vapor-phase corrosion inhibitors and methods for their production |
WO2003062346A1 (fr) * | 2002-01-22 | 2003-07-31 | Northern Technologies International Corporation | Formule de composition empechant la corrosion et articles produits avec cette composition |
FR2846982A1 (fr) * | 2002-11-07 | 2004-05-14 | Freyssinet Int Stup | Cable de structure protege contre la corrosion, gel anti-corrosion, et procede d'injection de produits anti-corrosion dans le cable |
-
2004
- 2004-11-01 WO PCT/US2004/036423 patent/WO2005047402A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DD101422A1 (fr) * | 1972-07-19 | 1973-11-12 | ||
US4792464A (en) * | 1987-06-01 | 1988-12-20 | Martenson Irvin W | Corrosion coating composition |
US5486308A (en) * | 1992-12-14 | 1996-01-23 | A+ Corp. | Compositions combinations of dessicants and vapor-corrosion inhibitors |
US5958115A (en) * | 1997-02-28 | 1999-09-28 | EXCOR Korrosionsschutz-Technolgien und--Produkte GmbH | Corrosion-inhibiting composite material |
US6540959B1 (en) * | 1998-07-29 | 2003-04-01 | Excor Korrosionsforschung Gmbh | Vapor-phase corrosion inhibitors and methods for their production |
US6464899B1 (en) * | 1999-06-11 | 2002-10-15 | Henkel Loctite Corporation | Putty composition containing a vapor phase corrosion inhibitor |
WO2003062346A1 (fr) * | 2002-01-22 | 2003-07-31 | Northern Technologies International Corporation | Formule de composition empechant la corrosion et articles produits avec cette composition |
FR2846982A1 (fr) * | 2002-11-07 | 2004-05-14 | Freyssinet Int Stup | Cable de structure protege contre la corrosion, gel anti-corrosion, et procede d'injection de produits anti-corrosion dans le cable |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2437655A (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2007-10-31 | Grid71 Ltd | A method of inhibiting corrosion of reinforcement members in concrete |
CN103695936A (zh) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-04-02 | 明光市留香泵业有限公司 | 水基工序间环保防锈液及其制备方法 |
CN103695917A (zh) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-04-02 | 明光市留香泵业有限公司 | 一种水乳型防锈液及其制备方法 |
CN103695917B (zh) * | 2013-11-29 | 2016-06-29 | 明光市留香泵业有限公司 | 一种水乳型防锈液及其制备方法 |
CN104073805A (zh) * | 2014-07-08 | 2014-10-01 | 森鹤乐器股份有限公司 | 一种钢琴弦轴的防锈液制备方法 |
CN105907149A (zh) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-08-31 | 石鸿娟 | 一种环保型水性防锈涂料及其制备方法 |
US10240709B2 (en) | 2016-06-11 | 2019-03-26 | Corrpro Companies, Inc. | System and method for protecting one or more pipes against corrosion and corrosion-protected pipe |
US10718463B2 (en) | 2016-06-11 | 2020-07-21 | Corrpro Companies, Inc. | System and method for protecting one or more pipes against corrosion and corrosion-protected pipe |
WO2018118427A1 (fr) * | 2016-12-19 | 2018-06-28 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Procédés de nettoyage de pipeline de gaz |
US10938008B2 (en) | 2017-01-13 | 2021-03-02 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Battery cell tray including volatile corrosion inhibitor |
CN111051279A (zh) * | 2017-09-01 | 2020-04-21 | 阿科玛法国公司 | 磺酸的制备方法 |
CN116769441A (zh) * | 2023-06-06 | 2023-09-19 | 广东启悦未来科技股份有限公司 | 一种内衣背扣的制备方法及产品 |
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