WO2005043028A2 - Leitungskomponente für ein energienetz, deren verwendung, verfahren zum leitungstransport von kryogenen energieträgern und dafür geeignete vorrichtungen - Google Patents
Leitungskomponente für ein energienetz, deren verwendung, verfahren zum leitungstransport von kryogenen energieträgern und dafür geeignete vorrichtungen Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005043028A2 WO2005043028A2 PCT/EP2004/012344 EP2004012344W WO2005043028A2 WO 2005043028 A2 WO2005043028 A2 WO 2005043028A2 EP 2004012344 W EP2004012344 W EP 2004012344W WO 2005043028 A2 WO2005043028 A2 WO 2005043028A2
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- line
- cryogenic
- component according
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- energy
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/14—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems
- F16L59/141—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems in which the temperature of the medium is below that of the ambient temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/06—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/06—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum
- F16L59/065—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum using vacuum
Definitions
- Line component for an energy network its use, method for line transport of cryogenic energy sources and suitable devices
- the invention relates to a line component for an energy network and a method for supplying consumers with cryogenic energy sources, as well as lines particularly suitable for carrying out the method.
- Hydrogen can be produced from renewable sources such as solar energy, wind power, hydropower and biomass and is available indefinitely with little or no environmental pollution.
- cryogenic energy sources and especially hydrogen are countered by the fact that free hydrogen does not occur in nature under normal conditions, ie it has to be obtained using energy.
- cryogenic energy sources and especially hydrogen are very light and extreme volatile, so that considerable expenses are necessary for handling, transport and storage.
- pipeline networks such as exist for natural gas.
- pipeline networks for gaseous hydrogen with transport lengths of several hundred kilometers are occasionally used.
- DE 195 11 383 A1 discloses a natural gas liquefaction process which is coupled to an evaporation process for cryogenic liquids. A further development of this method is described in DE 196 41 647 C1.
- DE 695 19 354 T2 discloses a delivery device with a subcooler for cryogenic liquid.
- DE-A-2,013,983 discloses a line system for the transmission of electrical energy, cooling capacity or for the transport of technical gases, which can be used to set up an extensive line network with different functionalities.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a line component for an energy network and its operation, the energy network being able to be built up from a stand-alone solution to form a distribution network and into which successive renewable energy sources can be integrated.
- Yet another object of the present invention is to provide and operate a line component for an energy network, in which, in addition to functions of transporting energy carriers, further network functions, such as functions of information transmission, the determination of operating parameters of the energy network or the transport of electricity, are integrated can be increased, which increases the profitability of the network and opens up further future prospects.
- the present invention relates to a line component for an energy network comprising at least one first line for an at least partially liquid cryogenic energy carrier, preferably for connecting at least one memory for the cryogenic energy carrier to at least one spatially separated consumer of the cryogenic energy carrier, and at least one second line for one at the temperature of the liquid cryogenic energy carrier liquid heat transfer medium that runs parallel to the first line, and at the ends of the second line and provided in heat contact with the first line heat exchangers for evaporating or condensing the heat transfer medium when removing or introducing the cryogenic medium in the first line.
- the present invention it is therefore proposed to use the heat of vaporization of the cryogenic energy carrier for cooling and liquefying a heat transfer medium storing energy by phase transition, for example air, for operating the conduction of cryogenic energy carriers, in the case of the consumer and in the storage for the cryogenic energy carrier Heat exchangers are installed.
- the cryogenic energy source is vaporized and heated to ambient temperature via the heat exchanger provided at the consumer.
- the necessary thermal energy is withdrawn by means of the heat exchanger from a heat transfer medium, for example an air stream, which is thereby cooled and in particular liquefied.
- This cooled and preferably liquid Heat transfer medium is fed into the second line and can thus be transported in counterflow to the feed point of the liquid cryogenic energy source.
- the cooled and preferably liquid heat transfer medium is again available for cooling and, if necessary, liquefying the krogenic energy source. Furthermore, the cooled and preferably liquid heat transfer medium acts as a heat shield for the liquid cryogenic energy carrier transported in the first line during transport through the second line. This significantly improves the system's energy balance. The losses are largely determined only by the pressure loss and the heat input into the transport line, which can be minimized by good insulation, as well as by the exergy losses in heat exchange, ie in the liquefaction and evaporation at the feed and take-off points.
- micro heat exchangers for the heat exchange. These are characterized by very high surface-to-volume ratios and can transmit very large amounts of heat with a very small construction volume. This means that very small temperature differences can be selected for the driving gradient of the heat transfer, which minimizes the exergy losses. Additional advantages result from the very small construction volume and the high level of security ("inherent security"), which distinguishes the process engineering apparatuses of microtechnology in particular (see Ehrfeld, W .; among others: Microreactors. WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, 2000) ,
- the line component according to the invention can be a pipeline system in which hydrogen can be transported in liquid, cryogenic form (for example below 21 Kelvin corresponding to -253 ° C).
- liquid form hydrogen has an energy density of approximately 2.3 kilowatt hours per liter of liquid. That is significantly less than the energy density of oil with approx. 10 kilowatt hours per liter, so that Transport by tanker is more uneconomical. With a continuous flow through pipelines, this disadvantage disappears and, in the liquid state, only very small diameters of the pipelines are necessary per transported power unit. This should be demonstrated using the example of a single family house:
- the energy network according to the invention thus preferably has a first line, the inner diameter of which is less than or equal to 20 mm, preferably less than or equal to 10 mm, in particular less than or equal to 5 mm and particularly preferably less than or equal to 2.5 mm.
- the inner diameter of the second line is also particularly preferably less than or equal to 20 mm, preferably less than or equal to 10 mm, in particular less than or equal to 5 mm and particularly less than or equal to 2.5 mm. Due to the small dimensions of the line component according to the invention, it can be installed in existing supply lines, preferably in natural gas lines.
- the first line of the line component according to the invention for an energy network is connected to at least one store for cryogenic energy sources and to at least one consumer for cryogenic energy sources, a storage container for the cryogenic energy source possibly being connected directly in front of the consumer.
- cryogenic energy sources all fluids which can be transported in liquid form through line networks at low temperatures (generally at temperatures below 0 ° C.) and which can be used in a consumer to generate energy are suitable as cryogenic energy sources .
- cryogenic energy sources are gaseous hydrocarbons at room temperature, such as methane, ethane, propane, butane or a mixture thereof, preferably natural gas, and in particular hydrogen. Gaseous mixtures of hydrocarbons and hydrogen can also be used at room temperature. These can contain further inert gaseous components, for example nitrogen or noble gases.
- the conduction of the liquid cryogenic energy carrier through the energy network can take place without pressure or under pressure.
- the pressure line is preferred.
- the first and second line of the line component according to the invention for an energy network can run along their entire length in a thermal insulating environment.
- thermal insulation can be dispensed with.
- the second line has the function of a heat shield for the liquid cryogenic medium located in the first line.
- a preferred embodiment of the line component according to the invention comprises a third line running parallel to the first and second lines. This can be used for the return transport of evaporated heat transfer medium to the second heat exchanger or for the transport of evaporated cryogenic medium.
- the liquid cryogenic medium can, for example, partially evaporate at the point where it is fed into the first line or else during transport through the first line (so-called “boil-off gas”)
- Connections between the first line and the third line can be selected or the third line is connected to the first and second heat exchangers in order to receive gaseous heat transfer medium.
- the energy network according to the invention can also have other elements known per se.
- Temperatures and pressures as well as devices for preventing critical conditions, such as overpressure relief, can be integrated. Elements such as pumps, compressors or pressure transmitters for conveying the substances can be provided at the feed locations. Depending on the transport length, intermediate stations for conveying the media can be installed to compensate for pressure losses.
- the energy network according to the invention can comprise further elements for working up and converting the energy carriers as well as the heat carriers. At the consumer, the energy source can be led to a burner for heat generation.
- a preferred embodiment is the supply of fuel cells for electricity generation. The combined generation of electricity and heat is particularly advantageous.
- the energy source can be used to refuel vehicles.
- the air supplied can be at least partially broken down into its components at the point of feed-in or at the outlet, so that nitrogen and / or oxygen is obtained in higher concentration.
- elements for drying the air and for removing the water separated from the air can be provided.
- the energy network also includes devices for liquefying the energy carrier, in which preferably the heat carrier for the
- An expanded version of the energy network according to the invention includes the generation of the energy carrier, in particular hydrogen.
- These can be reformers for the production of hydrogen from hydrocarbons or preferably electrolysis cells for the splitting of water.
- Electrolysis cells which are supplied with electrical current which is at least partially transported through the lines according to the invention can be operated particularly preferably in the energy network.
- Other elements of the energy network according to the invention can be devices for generating electricity, in particular from renewable energies such as wind power or photovoltaic systems. With suitable elements, the electricity from these generators is at least partially fed into the line according to the invention. The electricity generated by these systems can be consumed directly and / or is supplied to electrolysis cells for the production of hydrogen.
- the energy network according to the invention can be combined with data networks, with process control systems regulating the energy generation and storage systems on the one hand and the consumer systems on the other hand, the systems communicating with one another.
- the data transmission is preferably carried out using data and signal lines which are integrated in the line system.
- cryogenic buffer containers at the line ends and / or at the nodes of a network.
- the energy network according to the invention can be implemented by rigid pipelines.
- pipelines are preferably used in which the possibility for cable-like laying is not significantly restricted.
- the insulation should not significantly increase the cost of the lines and should be easy to handle under the harsh conditions of field laying.
- the operating costs caused by freezing, heat and pressure losses are to be minimized. Flexibility should be ensured for installation in curvy terrain.
- Laying technology can be supported, for example, by the fact that large lengths of the cables can be wound on drums. Very simple assembly and on-site insulation should be possible at the connection and branching points. The effort to compensate for the expansion or contraction of the pipeline materials due to large temperature differences should be as low as possible.
- a vacuum is required for good insulation in the low temperature range.
- the material of the first and second lines can be a metal or it can be plastic.
- the first and second lines are selected so that they are flexible at room temperature and can be easily installed.
- the flexibility of the first and second Lines can be made in a manner known per se by the type of material and / or by the dimensioning of the lines.
- a preferred embodiment of the energy network according to the invention comprises a first and a second line, which are surrounded by a jacket and form a pipeline, in which a vacuum is formed after the laying and by the cooling of the pipeline during commissioning.
- Such pipelines comprise a gas-tight space formed by the jacket, which is filled with a gas before the vacuum is formed, the vapor pressure of which drops sharply during cooling.
- a gas is preferably used which is converted directly from the gaseous state into the solid state during cooling by condensation. Carbon dioxide is ideally suited for this.
- Pipes of the type described above are basically known from EP 0412 715 A1.
- This document describes the partial vacuum insulation by using condensed carbon dioxide.
- carbon dioxide bubbles are enclosed in a polyurethane layer with which the cryogenic tube is thinly coated.
- pipelines which comprise first, second and optionally third lines running parallel to one another, at least the first line, preferably the first and the second line, being encased by at least two spaced-apart insulation foils which can be evacuated Form a space in which there is a material that solidifies at low temperatures by condensation, preferably carbon dioxide, and / or a gas that can be removed by adsorption on a getter material and a getter material, and wherein first, second, if necessary, third line and insulating foils are surrounded by a thermally insulating sheath are.
- Metal hydrides / hydrogen for example, are suitable as combinations of getter material / adsorbable gas.
- At least one of the insulation foils is coated with a thin metal layer.
- the first, second and optionally third line can additionally be covered with a layer of foam.
- the evacuable space formed between the insulation foils particularly preferably contains, in addition to the condensable gas, a finely divided insulation material, in particular silica powder, mineral fibers or finely divided foams.
- Pipes of this type are new and are also the subject of the present invention.
- the room in which the evacuation takes place through condensation must essentially maintain its initial volume so that the
- vacuum insulation foils can be used, which are wrapped or extruded around pipelines as vacuum tapes or as vacuum plate foils.
- very good heat insulators such as porous silica powder or mineral fibers, are sealed vacuum-tight between two foil surfaces.
- the evacuation is carried out during the production of the composite with the insulation foils.
- the filler body formed by the porous material becomes relatively rigid.
- the wrapping of the pipes is difficult.
- the evacuated stiff insulation foils at the Further processing for pipe wrapping, transport and laying of the insulated pipes can be damaged and lose their insulating effect.
- the vacuum of the insulation only arises in situ when the installed cables are in the operating state.
- the pore space between the insulating foils is e.g. filled with carbon dioxide, which is in the cryogenic state as a solid ("dry ice").
- the insulating foils which are filled with silica powder, for example, and the lines covered by these insulating foils are therefore soft and easy to process under ambient temperatures. Such lines can be wound on drums and are therefore "reelable.” Only when the lines have been laid and put into operation does the vacuum form, through which the insulation becomes rigid. On the construction sites, connection and branching points can be wrapped with such foil tapes To protect against damage and to maintain the tightness, there are various possibilities for the expert to guarantee long service life of the pipelines laid. Protective sheaths made of metal , similar to those used for district heating pipes, or plastic coverings.
- Multi-layer designs and other known measures, such as heat shields and metal coatings on the foils, can further improve the effect and, in addition to heat insulation, can also include radiation and electrical insulation.
- a disadvantage of the transport of liquid cryogenic energy sources through pipelines is the additional energy expenditure for the liquefaction. Based on the calorific value of hydrogen, approx. 30 to 40% energy expenditure is required for the liquefaction. This disadvantage can be considerably reduced by the measures described above.
- the very small cable diameters and the flexible insulation methods described above enable two or more thin pipes to be combined in one connection.
- Such composite pipes are known as flexible multi-pipes from deep-sea oil production and are described, for example, in US Pat. No. 6,102,077.
- the previously known piping systems are not suitable for use in low-temperature piping.
- DE-A-199 06 876 describes a further transport line for cryogenic fluids which is suitable for use in the energy network according to the invention.
- Two individual tubes thermally insulated from one another are used therein, which are sheathed together, preferably with a metal tube.
- the inner volume of the tubular casing is evacuated and material of the inner tubes with small thermal expansion coefficients is used.
- Expansion compensation does not have to be dispensed with in the energy network according to the invention. Due to the flexible installation, natural expansion sections, as with conventional ones
- Pipeline laying are known to be provided without significant cost disadvantages.
- cryogenic energy carrier preferably hydrogen
- a further cryogenic liquid is transported as a heat transfer medium in a second pipeline.
- This second cryogenic liquid is preferably nitrogen or, in particular, air.
- the heat transfer medium is preferably fed into the second line via a heat exchanger from a storage device or from the environment with at least partial liquefaction at the point of removal of the cryogenic energy carrier, flows through the second line in counterflow to the cryogenic energy carrier located in the first line, and becomes on Location of the feed of the cryogenic energy carrier into the first line via a heat exchanger with evaporation from the second line into a store or into the environment.
- the heat transfer medium can be led in a third line, which is thermally insulated from the first and second lines, from the heat exchanger at the feed point of the cryogenic energy carrier into the first line to the heat exchanger at the point of removal of the cryogenic energy carrier from the first line and back there into the second line can be fed.
- a third line in which gaseous cryogenic energy carrier, so-called “boil-off” gas, is transported.
- gaseous cryogenic energy carrier so-called “boil-off” gas
- Another particularly preferred embodiment of the invention relates to the transport of liquid hydrogen as a cryogenic energy carrier; doing so the hydrogen at the location of the second heat exchanger and / or at locations of the discharge from the first to the third line is passed over a catalyst which accelerates the conversion of para-hydrogen into ortho-hydrogen.
- the conversion of para-hydrogen to ortho-hydrogen is endothermic.
- the efficiency of the system can be increased again by a locally targeted absorption of the conversion energy.
- the invention also relates to a method for line transport of cryogenic energy carriers comprising the steps: i) feeding a gaseous and / or liquid cryogenic energy carrier into a first line, ii) liquefying or cooling the liquid cryogenic energy carrier at the point of feeding into the first line by transmission thermal energy from the cryogenic energy carrier to a liquid heat transfer medium in a second line, which is connected to a first heat exchanger, whereby the heat transfer medium evaporates and is discharged from the second line, iii) transport of the liquid cryogenic energy carrier through the first line, iv ) Transport of the liquid heat transfer medium through the second line in counterflow to the cryogenic energy carrier, v) Evaporation of the liquid cryogenic energy carrier at the point of discharge from the first line by transferring thermal energy from the gas shaped heat transfer medium to the liquid cryogenic energy carrier in the first line, which is connected to a second heat exchanger, whereby the heat transfer medium is liquefied and introduced into the second line, and vi) discharging the gaseous cryogenic
- the gaseous heat transfer medium is returned in a third line, which is thermally insulated from the first and second lines, from the first heat exchanger to the second heat exchanger and is fed there again in liquefied form into the second line.
- gaseous energy carriers which are produced by evaporation of cryogenic energy carriers are transported in a third line running parallel to the first and second lines.
- the gaseous energy source can be fed in at one or more arbitrary locations in the line network, for example at the location where the cryogenic energy source is fed into the first line, or a connection to the third line can be provided at one or more locations on the first line evaporated energy is fed into the third line.
- the gaseous energy source in the third line can be discharged at both ends of this line in order to be used at the location of the consumer, for example with the energy source discharged from the first line and vaporized or to be liquefied at the location where the cryogenic energy source is fed in and into the first line to be fed.
- the described system of energy recovery offers additional options for a hydrogen economy.
- the liquefaction of the air by the consumer can, for example, be exploited to To separate nitrogen and oxygen from the air.
- the concentrated oxygen can be used in a fuel cell, for example, which makes the fuel cell more efficient.
- only the liquid nitrogen or low-oxygen air is transported back to the location of the hydrogen liquefaction. It is also conceivable that the liquid air is collected and broken down at a central point and from there the oxygen and nitrogen are used for further use or marketing.
- the cryogenic transport of liquid and the combination of two or more pipes opens up the possibility of equipping the pipe system with additional transfer functions that further increase the economy.
- Multi-function lines so-called “umbilical pipes", which combine material, power and signal lines are known.
- the cryogenic lines described can be expanded according to the same principle.
- electrically conductive individual lines can be used as electrical conductors for electricity if mutual insulation is required - or signal transmissions are used so that no additional cables are necessary.
- cryumbilical The special design of the multifunctional lines in combination with the mass transfer of cryogenic liquid energy sources is referred to below as "cryumbilical”.
- a variant with parallel fabric, power and signal lines is shown in FIG. 2. Electrical conductors or glass fibers can be considered as signal conductors.
- cryumbilicals As a particularly advantageous embodiment of cryumbilicals, it is proposed to simultaneously use the low temperatures, which are present anyway for the transport of hydrogen, to below 21 K for superconductivity in the transmission of current and signals.
- High-temperature superconductors are known which lose their electrical resistance even at -135 ° C. Materials that are effective above a temperature of liquid air, for example at 80 Kelvin, are sufficient here. The lower the temperature, the more such materials are available.
- Such superconductors can be installed in parallel in thermal contact with the cryogenic pipelines - for example by wrapping or coating the pipelines with these materials or as separate cables.
- the energy network according to the invention should make it economically possible to use it broadly and to supply any consumer, such as private households.
- this disadvantage is overcome because a cost can be shared.
- the combination of transmission functions opens up further advantages for a line network for cryogenic energy sources.
- electrical energy and the possibility of signal transmission for measurement, control and regulation purposes.
- it can be used to set up functions that further increase operational safety and the functionality of the cables and the network.
- This can be, for example, valve controls at branch points or the monitoring of operating parameters such as pressure, temperature or leaks. Since heat input through the insulation cannot be completely ruled out, it is also conceivable to operate chillers at periodic intervals.
- refrigerators that work according to the Gifford-McMahon principle are recommended. They are characterized by high reliability and a long service life and are therefore used, among other things, in space travel.
- a pulsation tube also called a pulse tube cooler
- a pulse tube cooler is used as the heat exchanger.
- a very advantageous application and design of pulse tube coolers results from the combination with the cryumbilicals described above.
- Figure 1 Sketch of the energy network according to the invention
- Figure 2 An embodiment of a "cryumbilical" with parallel material, power and signal lines in cross section
- Figure 3 Another embodiment of a "cryumbilical” with parallel material lines and a line for "boil-off” gas in cross section
- Figure 4 The embodiment of a further “cryumbilical” with parallel material, power and signal lines and a line for "boil-off” gas in cross section
- Figure 5 An embodiment for the integration of a double pulsation tube in a cryumbilical in longitudinal section
- FIG. 1 shows, in a highly simplified manner, a system variant in which hydrogen gas is fed in via a hydrogen gas supply (10), liquefied by using a heat exchanger (11) in a condenser / evaporator (12) and passed to the consumer (s) via a pipeline system (15) becomes.
- gaseous air (20) is passed through an air supply through heat exchanger (18), which is located in a condenser / evaporator (17), liquefies there, is returned in the piping system (15) and, via heat exchangers (11), for heat absorption the liquefaction of hydrogen and discharged as gaseous air (24) from the system.
- the liquid hydrogen is evaporated in parallel to the liquefaction of the air and is fed to the consumer as gaseous hydrogen (19).
- Figure 1 also shows buffer tanks (13, 16, 21, 23) for hydrogen or air and pumps (14, 22).
- the piping system (15) also contains branches (25) to other consumers.
- Figure 2 shows an example of a cryumbilical in cross section.
- Pipe for cryogenic air (second line; (2)), foil insulation with CO 2 inclusion (3), the outer jacket (4), insulating material (5), electrical cables (6), electrical insulation (7) and signal lines (8 ).
- FIG. 3 shows a further example of a cryumbilical in cross section.
- a pipeline for cryogenic hydrogen is shown (first line; (1)), a pipeline for cryogenic heat transfer medium, eg air or nitrogen (second line; (2)), a pipeline for a gaseous energy carrier, eg "boil-off" gas (third line; (103)); foil insulation with CO 2 inclusion (3); a heat shield (105) made of heat-conducting material, for example a copper foil; super insulation (106) of the heat transfer lines; gastight intermediate shells (107); insulation (5); another gastight intermediate sheath (109); an insulating outer jacket (110); and an outer protective layer (111).
- first line (1)
- a pipeline for cryogenic heat transfer medium eg air or nitrogen
- second line second line
- a pipeline for a gaseous energy carrier eg "boil-off" gas
- foil insulation with CO 2 inclusion (3) e.g "boil-off" gas
- a heat shield (105) made of heat-conducting material, for example a copper foil
- super insulation (106) of the heat transfer lines
- the cryumbilical shown in FIG. 3 has three material flow lines. Cryogenic hydrogen is conducted in the first line (1). This line is covered with foil insulation (3). A second line (2) carries cryogenic air and, together with the insulated first line, is covered with a heat-conducting material (105) which acts as a heat shield. Heat that penetrates from the outside and hits the heat shield is conducted at least partially through the heat-conducting material (105) to the second pipeline (2).
- the heat transfer medium e.g. liquid air
- the evaporated air is removed from the system at intervals along the pipeline (not shown here).
- the heat shield (105) is in turn packed in super insulation (106), which is closed with a gas-tight envelope (107).
- a third line (103) receives gaseous hydrogen, which is removed from the first line along the transport path (not shown here).
- Further insulation materials (110), a further gas-tight envelope (109) and an outer protective layer or the outer jacket (111) are shown.
- the cryumbilical shown in FIG. 4 also has three material flow lines. In contrast to the example in Figure 3, the line (2) for the cryogenic heat transfer medium and the line (103) for the gaseous
- Another heat shield (108) encases the inner isolated lines of the liquid energy carrier (1) and the gaseous energy carrier (103).
- the outer heat shield is surrounded by super insulation (106) and a gas-tight envelope (109).
- the line (103) receives gaseous hydrogen which is removed along the transport path from the first line (1) or which is fed into the line for the gaseous energy carrier and returned at the point of removal of the liquid energy carrier.
- a temperature of the gaseous energy carrier is set, which lies between the temperature of the liquid energy carrier in line (1) and the heat carrier in line (2).
- FIG. 5 shows an embodiment for the integration of a double pulsation tube in a cryumbilical in a longitudinal section.
- FIG. 5 shows a line (30) for cryogenic hydrogen, a line (31) for liquid air, a compressor cylinder (32), a compressor piston (33), an electromagnet (34), regenerators (35, 40), Cooler (36, 41), pulse tubes (37, 42), heat emissions (38, 43), buffers (39, 44), insulation (indicated, 45) and an outer jacket (46).
- An embodiment of a pulse tube cooler consists of a compressor, a regenerator, a pulse tube and possibly a memory.
- Helium gas is preferably used as the refrigerant.
- the compression of the helium can also be carried out far away.
- valves are necessary at the inlet and outlet of the regenerator, which admit the compressed gas in a clocked manner and release the expanded gas.
- the compressor is in the immediate vicinity of the pulsation tube. If the compressor works as an oscillating piston compressor, no valves are required.
- a disadvantage, however, is that leaks can occur between the cylinder and the piston. The loss of helium reduces the heat pump effect lost.
- the heat pump used In combination with a cryumbilical - in which there is at least a second pipe (31) in addition to the hydrogen pipe (30), which is operated at a low temperature level, for example through the transport of liquid nitrogen or liquid air - the heat pump used must be used overcome only a small temperature difference by the heat (36, 41) absorbed from the hydrogen line is given off to the second line at a higher level (38, 43). The material flowing in the second line, eg nitrogen, transports this heat away.
- the heat pump system can be operated in one or more stages with small temperature differences and is therefore very efficient.
- buffer stores for example, at branching and node points of a cryumbilical network.
- buffer stores can advantageously be equipped with heat exchangers, so that heat pumps can also be integrated at these points.
- the methods and devices for the transport of liquid hydrogen can also be used for the transport of liquid natural gas.
- Natural gas boils at around 115 Kelvin, so that superconductivity becomes restrictive only when materials are found in this temperature range. In this case, however, it is still possible to conduct power via the metallic piping or via parallel cables in the cryumbilicals.
- the laying of cryumbilicals for the transport of liquid natural gas can be an attractive interim solution for the changeover to a hydrogen economy described at the beginning. For example, households can already be networked with cryumbilicals and the gas heaters operated according to the state of the art.
- cryogenic pipes with thermal insulation, in which the insulating evacuation only occurs in situ during commissioning, in that the gas-tight cavity of the insulation is filled under ambient conditions with a gas which at least partially freezes to solid at the low temperatures , Condensing carbon dioxide is preferably used.
- the multifunctional design of the fuel line makes it possible to operate chillers along the route that compensate for cold losses. Furthermore, measuring, regulating and control functions can be integrated.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Thermal Insulation (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (10)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN2004800318790A CN101137865B (zh) | 2003-11-04 | 2004-11-01 | 能量网络的管道部件及其应用和管道输送低温载能体的方法及对此适用的装置 |
AT04803100T ATE478302T1 (de) | 2003-11-04 | 2004-11-01 | Leitungskomponente für ein energienetz, deren verwendung sowie verfahren zum leitungstransport von kryogenen energieträgern |
CA002544472A CA2544472A1 (en) | 2003-11-04 | 2004-11-01 | Conduit component for a power supply network, use thereof, method for transporting cryogenic energy carriers in conduits and devices suitable therefor |
AU2004285058A AU2004285058B2 (en) | 2003-11-04 | 2004-11-01 | Conduit component for a power supply network, use thereof, method for transporting cryogenic energy carriers in conduits and devices suitable therefor |
JP2006537225A JP2007510111A (ja) | 2003-11-04 | 2004-11-01 | 電力供給ネットワーク用導管構成要素、その使用、極低温エネルギキャリヤを導管内で輸送するための方法、及びこれに適した装置 |
DE502004011563T DE502004011563D1 (de) | 2003-11-04 | 2004-11-01 | Leitungskomponente für ein energienetz, deren verwendung sowie verfahren zum leitungstransport von kryogenen energieträgern |
MXPA06005016A MXPA06005016A (es) | 2003-11-04 | 2004-11-01 | Componente de conductos para una red de suministro de energia, uso del mismo, metodo para transportar vehiculos de energia criogenicos en conductos y dispositivos adecuados para los mismos. |
US10/578,303 US20090007594A1 (en) | 2003-11-04 | 2004-11-01 | Conduit component for a power supply network, use thereof, method for transporting cryogenic energy carriers in conduits and devices suitable therefor |
EP04803100A EP1682812B1 (de) | 2003-11-04 | 2004-11-01 | Leitungskomponente für ein energienetz, deren verwendung sowie verfahren zum leitungstransport von kryogenen energieträgern |
NO20062216A NO20062216L (no) | 2003-11-04 | 2006-05-16 | Ledningskomponent for et energinett, bruk derav, fremgangsmate for ledningstransport av kryogeniske energibaerere i ledninger og anordninger egnet derfor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE10352128A DE10352128A1 (de) | 2003-11-04 | 2003-11-04 | Multifunktionales Energienetz und Vorrichtungen hierfür |
DE10352128.3 | 2003-11-04 |
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WO2005043028A2 true WO2005043028A2 (de) | 2005-05-12 |
WO2005043028A3 WO2005043028A3 (de) | 2006-06-01 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2004/012344 WO2005043028A2 (de) | 2003-11-04 | 2004-11-01 | Leitungskomponente für ein energienetz, deren verwendung, verfahren zum leitungstransport von kryogenen energieträgern und dafür geeignete vorrichtungen |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20090007594A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1682812B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2007510111A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20060120072A (de) |
CN (1) | CN101137865B (de) |
AT (1) | ATE478302T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2004285058B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2544472A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10352128A1 (de) |
MX (1) | MXPA06005016A (de) |
NO (1) | NO20062216L (de) |
RU (1) | RU2344336C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005043028A2 (de) |
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DE102007043946A1 (de) | 2007-09-14 | 2009-03-19 | Bayerisches Zentrum für Angewandte Energieforschung e.V. | Faserverbünde und deren Verwendung in Vakuumisolationssystemen |
DE102008040367A1 (de) | 2008-07-11 | 2010-02-25 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Bauteil zur Herstellung von Vakuumisolationssystemen |
DE102009050686A1 (de) | 2009-10-26 | 2011-05-05 | Leoni Kabel Holding Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer thermisch isolierten Rohrleitung, insbesondere für kryogene Medien |
EP2369218A1 (de) * | 2010-03-16 | 2011-09-28 | Nexans | Anordnung mit einem supraleitfähigen Kabel |
WO2012172184A1 (en) | 2011-06-17 | 2012-12-20 | Sampo Humalainen | Pipe assembly for district heating network |
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- 2004-11-01 JP JP2006537225A patent/JP2007510111A/ja active Pending
- 2004-11-01 KR KR1020067008756A patent/KR20060120072A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-11-01 CN CN2004800318790A patent/CN101137865B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-11-01 MX MXPA06005016A patent/MXPA06005016A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2004-11-01 WO PCT/EP2004/012344 patent/WO2005043028A2/de active Application Filing
- 2004-11-01 AT AT04803100T patent/ATE478302T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-11-01 EP EP04803100A patent/EP1682812B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2004-11-01 DE DE502004011563T patent/DE502004011563D1/de active Active
- 2004-11-01 CA CA002544472A patent/CA2544472A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-11-01 US US10/578,303 patent/US20090007594A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-11-01 AU AU2004285058A patent/AU2004285058B2/en not_active Ceased
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Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007043946A1 (de) | 2007-09-14 | 2009-03-19 | Bayerisches Zentrum für Angewandte Energieforschung e.V. | Faserverbünde und deren Verwendung in Vakuumisolationssystemen |
DE102008040367A1 (de) | 2008-07-11 | 2010-02-25 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Bauteil zur Herstellung von Vakuumisolationssystemen |
RU2548136C9 (ru) * | 2008-07-11 | 2020-03-13 | Эвоник Дегусса Гмбх | Деталь для создания вакуумно-изоляционных систем |
DE102009050686A1 (de) | 2009-10-26 | 2011-05-05 | Leoni Kabel Holding Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer thermisch isolierten Rohrleitung, insbesondere für kryogene Medien |
WO2011054451A1 (de) | 2009-10-26 | 2011-05-12 | Leoni Kabel Holding Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung einer thermisch isolierten rohrleitung, insbesondere für kryogene medien |
EP2369218A1 (de) * | 2010-03-16 | 2011-09-28 | Nexans | Anordnung mit einem supraleitfähigen Kabel |
WO2012172184A1 (en) | 2011-06-17 | 2012-12-20 | Sampo Humalainen | Pipe assembly for district heating network |
EP2721337A1 (de) * | 2011-06-17 | 2014-04-23 | Sampo Humalainen | Rohreinheit für ein gebietserwärmungsnetzwerk |
EP2721337A4 (de) * | 2011-06-17 | 2014-11-19 | Sampo Humalainen | Rohreinheit für ein gebietserwärmungsnetzwerk |
US9016327B2 (en) | 2011-06-17 | 2015-04-28 | Sampo Humalainen | Pipe assembly for district heating network |
EP3147551A1 (de) * | 2015-09-28 | 2017-03-29 | Nexans | Flexible rohrleitung |
WO2017054978A1 (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2017-04-06 | Nexans | Flexible pipeline |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2544472A1 (en) | 2005-05-12 |
DE10352128A1 (de) | 2005-06-09 |
WO2005043028A3 (de) | 2006-06-01 |
DE502004011563D1 (de) | 2010-09-30 |
ATE478302T1 (de) | 2010-09-15 |
RU2344336C2 (ru) | 2009-01-20 |
NO20062216L (no) | 2006-05-16 |
RU2006119433A (ru) | 2007-12-27 |
AU2004285058B2 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
US20090007594A1 (en) | 2009-01-08 |
AU2004285058A1 (en) | 2005-05-12 |
EP1682812B1 (de) | 2010-08-18 |
CN101137865A (zh) | 2008-03-05 |
JP2007510111A (ja) | 2007-04-19 |
EP1682812A2 (de) | 2006-07-26 |
CN101137865B (zh) | 2010-08-11 |
KR20060120072A (ko) | 2006-11-24 |
MXPA06005016A (es) | 2006-07-06 |
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