WO2005040556A1 - Dispositif d'ancrage à gaine d'expansion élastique - Google Patents
Dispositif d'ancrage à gaine d'expansion élastique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005040556A1 WO2005040556A1 PCT/CA2004/001878 CA2004001878W WO2005040556A1 WO 2005040556 A1 WO2005040556 A1 WO 2005040556A1 CA 2004001878 W CA2004001878 W CA 2004001878W WO 2005040556 A1 WO2005040556 A1 WO 2005040556A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- rod
- expansive
- expansion
- excavation
- wall
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
- E21D21/0033—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts having a jacket or outer tube
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
- E21D21/004—Bolts held in the borehole by friction all along their length, without additional fixing means
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
- E21D21/0073—Anchoring-bolts having an inflatable sleeve, e.g. hollow sleeve expanded by a fluid
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a support device for excavation walls, and more particularly relates to an anchor bolt, the anchor head of which comprises an elastic expansion sheath.
- Mining rocks in a mine or any other type of underground excavation is generally done by blasting with explosives, and is followed by an extraction phase where the rocks thus felled are cleared of the site.
- Miners must then purge the walls of the excavation, that is to say cause the falling of blocks of rock which tend to detach from them, using a bar to chop for example .
- the stability of the walls of the gallery (or tunnel, or chamber) thus formed must be ensured by using one or more support techniques.
- the support of the rock mass is essential for the safety of workers and the proper functioning of operations in the mine.
- anchor bolts are commonly used to stabilize the rock mass.
- the so-called “mechanical” anchor bolts (rockbolt in English) are the most commonly used because of their low cost and speed and ease of installation.
- a mechanical anchor bolt has a long threaded rod called a stud, at the distal end of which is mounted an expansive shell of generally cylindrical shape.
- the expansive shell includes a number of elongated metal sheets (typically 2 or 4) surrounding the stud, all of them connected to one of their ends, and the external surface of which is serrated and therefore rough.
- this type of anchor bolt is also provided with a support plate installed at the proximal end of the stud.
- a long hole is drilled perpendicular to the surface of the wall of the rock mass to be stabilized.
- the diameter of this hole should be slightly larger than that of the expansive cylindrical shell, to allow easy insertion of the bolt to the bottom of the hole.
- a worker must rotate the stud using a pneumatic tool with a rotary chuck, for example. Since the expansive shell cannot rotate freely in the hole since it presses against the internal surface of the hole with friction, the rotation of the stud generates a relative rotation of the stud relative to the expansive shell, which allows this last to open and its serrated leaves to cling firmly to the wall of the hole.
- these bolts perform poorly when used in soft or fractured rock, and are sensitive to vibrations, that is to say that they can lose their charge following a stroke or an adjacent blasting.
- these bolts have very little shear resistance.
- the internal surface of the hole can crumble, and the teeth of these sheets can thus "unravel" of the internal surface of the hole.
- the effectiveness of these bolts goes from 100% to 0% instantly since the expansive shell has no longer taken on the internal surface of the hole.
- a cemented bolt essentially consists of a crenellated bar surrounded by cement and carrying a support plate at its proximal end. The laying of a cemented bolt normally starts with the drilling of a long hole, as for a mechanical bolt, followed by the injection of thick consistency cement inside the hole. Once the cement is injected into it, the long crenellated bar is inserted into the hole until the support plate comes to rest against the wall of the excavation.
- the bolt is then passively loaded by the convergence of the rock mass. During this convergence (where the walls of the excavation tend to close in on themselves because of the great pressures naturally present in the rock mass and amplified in underground excavations), the bearing plate of the bolt will transmit the load at the bar. The friction between the rock / cement and cement / rod contacts helps stabilize the wall of the excavation in which the cemented bolt is installed.
- This type of bolt is very resistant in tension, and can be used in all kinds of rocks, even in soft and very fractured rock, unlike mechanical bolts. In addition, this type of bolt is much more resistant to shear than mechanical bolts, and does not completely lose its load if the shear forces become too great, unlike mechanical bolts.
- the present invention relates to an anchoring device intended to stabilize an excavation wall, and intended to be at least partially inserted into a hole drilled in the excavation wall, said anchoring device comprising:
- an elongated support member defining a distal end intended to be inserted into the drilled hole, and a proximal end opposite to said distal end;
- the anchoring device is characterized in that said expansive member is an elastic expansion sheath of cylindrical shape defining a first end and a second end, and an interior cavity penetrated by said support organ.
- said anchoring device is characterized in that said support member is a rigid elongated rod, defining a longitudinal axis extending between its distal and proximal ends.
- the anchoring device is characterized in that said rigid elongated rod is at least partially threaded, and in that said member activation defines a longitudinal interior cavity whose peripheral wall is also at least partially threaded and engages said rod by screwing, and in that said rod can be pivoted around its longitudinal axis to cause displacement of said activation member by screwing axially along said rod, to allow relative movement of said activating member relative to said expansion sheath.
- the anchoring device is characterized in that said cavity of said expansion sheath defines a first lumen in the vicinity of said first end of said expansion sheath, and characterized in that that said activation member comprises an insertion member capable of moving axially along said rod when the latter is pivoted about its longitudinal axis, said insertion member being capable of inserting at least partially into said inner cavity of said first light sadite expansion sheath, for applying a radial pressure towards the outside on a peripheral surface of said inner cavity of said expansion sheath at least in the vicinity of the first end sadite, to generate stretching and the radial expansion of said expansion sheath at least in the vicinity of the first end sadite.
- the anchoring device is characterized in that said insertion member is an insertion corner comprising a frustoconical portion, said insertion corner being able to at least partially penetrate said cavity internal of said expansion sheath with first light sadite to generate the expansion and radial stretching of said expansion sheath at least in the vicinity of sadite first end.
- the anchoring device further comprises a retaining member stationary mounted on said rod, said second end of said expansion sheath being able to bear on said stationary retaining member when said insertion wedge is inserted into said first lumen of the interior cavity in order to stretch said expansion sheath radially outwards.
- the anchoring device is characterized in that said cavity of said expansion sheath defines a second lumen opposite to said first lumen and located in the vicinity of said second end of said sheath d expansion, and is further characterized in that said retaining member comprises a second insertion wedge defining a second frustoconical portion, said second insertion wedge being able to fit into said second lumen of said cavity of said sheath expansion when said insertion corner moves towards said expansion sheath and pushes the latter towards said second insertion corner.
- the anchoring device further comprises a retaining member mounted stationary on said rod, and characterized in that said activation member is a thrust member capable of moving along said rod and pushing said expansion sheath against said retaining member so as to compress said expansion sheath axially and generate its radial expansion.
- the anchoring device further comprises a hollow sleeve penetrated by said rod and held axially stationary thereon, and defining a main cylindrical portion and an annular rear stop protruding radially towards the exterior of one of the ends of said main cylindrical portion, said rear stop forming said retaining member, said main cylindrical portion of said sleeve penetrating said interior cavity of said expansion sheath.
- the anchoring device is characterized in that said pushing member comprises an expansive shell of which a first end portion is annular and hollow and engages in sliding said main cylindrical portion of said sleeve , so that said expansion sheath can be wedged between said annular end portion of said expansive shell and said rear stop of said sleeve, said expansive shell further comprising a number of sheets having a serrated outer surface, said pushing member further including an insertion corner mounted movably by screwing on said threaded rod and capable of moving in the direction of said expansive shell, both to fit between said sheets of said expansive shell and generate their spacing to allow their application against the peripheral surface delimiting the hole drilled in the wall of the excavation, and to push in sliding said first end portion of said expansive shell along said main cylindrical portion of said sleeve and against said expansion sheath and generate the axial compression of the latter, and therefore its radial expansion to allow its application against the peripheral surface delimiting the hole drilled in the wall of the 'excavation.
- the anchoring device is characterized in that said support member is a support plate.
- the anchoring device is characterized in that said rod is provided with at least two anchoring heads to increase the number of anchoring points along the hole drilled in the wall of the excavation, so that said anchoring device can withstand greater loads.
- said expansion sheath comprises at least one elongated strap fixed to an external surface of said expansion sheath.
- the present invention also relates to an anchoring device intended to stabilize an excavation wall of a rock mass, and intended to be at least partially inserted into a hole drilled in the excavation wall, said device comprising: - a tube with adjustable diameter intended to be inserted into the hole drilled in the wall of the excavation, and of which an external surface is intended to apply a radial pressure towards the exterior on the internal surface of the hole; - A support member mounted on said tube in the vicinity of a proximal end thereof, intended to bear against an external surface of the excavation wall;
- a rigid elongated rod defining a distal end inserted into said tube, and a proximal end opposite to said proximal end, said rod defining a longitudinal axis extending between said distal and proximal ends;
- said anchor head comprising: • a flexible expansive member mounted on said rod, made of an elastic material and capable of stretching and widening radially ; and • an activating member mounted mobile on said rod, said activating member capable of being set in motion relative to said rigid rod and to said expansive member and being able to come into contact therewith, said activating member being capable of exerting pressure on said expansion member; characterized in that in order to install said anchoring device, said rod as well as said anchoring head must be inserted into said tube, said tube having previously been inserted into the hole drilled in the wall of the excavation, then said activating member and said expansive member must be moved relative to each other so as to come into mutual contact, and so as to allow said activating member to exert pressure on said expansive member to generate the radial expansion of at least a portion of the latter, so that said portion of said expansive member comes to exert radial pressure against an internal surface of the tube to allow to increase the pressure applied by said external surface of said tube on the internal surface
- the present invention also relates to an anchor head intended to be installed on a rigid rod, and intended to be anchored in a hole drilled in an excavation wall of a rock mass, said anchor head comprising: - a flexible expansive member intended to be mounted on the rod, made of an elastic material and capable of stretching and widening radially; and
- an activation member intended to be mounted mobile on the rod, said activation member capable of being set in motion relatively to said expansive member and being able to come into contact therewith, said activation member being capable of exerting pressure on said expansion member; characterized in that in order to anchor said anchoring head in the rock mass at the level of the hole drilled in the wall of the excavation, said activation member and said expansive member must be moved relative to each other by so as to come into mutual contact, and so as to allow said activating member to exert pressure on said expansive member to generate the radial expansion of at least a portion of the latter, so that said portion of said expansive member come to bear with friction against a peripheral internal surface delimiting the hole drilled in the wall of the excavation.
- the present invention also relates to a method of securing an unstable rock mass, this rock mass comprising an irregular external surface delimiting an access corridor, said method comprising the following steps: a) using a drill to drill at least one elongated cavity through said outer surface and in the rock mass, the rock mass forming an interior surface, delimiting this elongated drilled cavity, and an annular part of this exterior surface sadite, opening onto said access corridor; b) providing an anchoring device comprising a rigid elongated rod defining a distal end part housed in this elongated cavity, a proximal end part protruding from this elongated cavity, said anchoring device further comprising a member elastic expander mounted on said rod, said expansive member being able to be in a first non-constrained condition, and being able to engage said greenhouse interior surface of rocky mass when constrained in a second compression condition, said anchoring device also comprising an activation member movably mounted on said rod in the vicinity of said expansive member, said anchoring
- An elongated rigid rod intended to be inserted into this drilled cavity, said rod comprising a distal part intended to be housed in this drilled cavity, a proximal part intended to protrude out of this drilled cavity, and an intermediate part located between said distal portion and said proximal portion; - an elastic expansive member, installed on said intermediate part of said rod, said expansive member intended to release the interior surface of rock masses in a first non-constrained condition, but able to engage this interior surface of rock masses when constrained in a second compression condition;
- a tension constraint device installed on said proximal end portion of said rod, for greenhouse engagement of said support member against said annular portion of the outer surface of rocky mass.
- Figure 1 shows an exploded perspective view of an anchor bolt according to a first embodiment of the invention
- Figure 2 is an enlarged perspective view showing particularly the anchor head of the anchor bolt of Figure 1
- Figures 3a and 3b are broken vertical sections of a rock mass, showing in cross section the anchor bolt of Figure 1, suggesting the sequence of installation of this anchor bolt in a horizontal hole drilled in this solid rocky
- Figure 4 shows an exploded perspective view of an anchor bolt according to a second embodiment of the invention
- Figure 5 is an enlarged perspective view showing particularly the anchor head of the anchor bolt of Figure 4
- Figures 6a and 6b are views similar to those of Figures 3a and 3b, but showing the anchor bolt according to the embodiment of Figure 4
- Figure 6c shows a view similar to Figures 6a and 6b, but illustrating the behavior of the anchor bolt in the event of decompression of the rock mass
- Figure 7 shows an exploded perspective view of an anchor bolt according to a third embodiment of the invention
- Figure 8 is an enlarged perspective view showing particularly the anchor head of the anchor bolt
- FIG. 9 is a broken vertical section of a rock mass, showing in cross section the anchor bolt of FIG. 7 housed in a hole drilled in this rock mass, and showing its anchor head in functional position housed in this hole;
- FIG. 10 is a view similar to FIG. 4 but for showing an anchor bolt with multiple anchor heads according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, and showing the multiple anchor heads of this bolt in functional position;
- Figure 11 shows a perspective view of an anchor bolt of the “Split Set” type;
- FIG. 12 shows a cross-sectional view of a fifth embodiment of the present invention, combining an anchor bolt of the “Split Set” type and an anchor bolt with elastic sheath similar to that of FIG. 1, housed in a hole drilled in a rock mass shown in vertical section; and
- Figures 13 and 14 show enlarged rear and front perspective views, respectively, of an expanding shell anchor head taught in the prior art.
- Figures 1-12 show several embodiments of the anchoring device of the present invention. Even though these anchoring devices can be used on all kinds of walls requiring support, such as a concrete wall or the wall of a cliff, the this description will deal, to simplify the text, only with their use for the support of a rock wall of excavation, for example in a mine.
- Figures 1— 3b show an anchor bolt 10 according to one of the embodiments of the invention.
- the anchor bolt 10 comprises a rigid threaded rod called a stud 12, and defining a distal end 12a and a proximal end 12b.
- the stud 12 may for example have a length of half a meter to 3 meters, depending for example on the application for which the anchor bolt 10 is intended.
- An anchor head 14 is mounted on the stud 12, for example in the vicinity of its distal end 12a.
- This anchoring head 14 is intended to be inserted into a hole drilled in the wall of the excavation.
- the anchoring head 14 comprises an expansive member in the form of an elongated tubular expansion sheath 18 of cylindrical shape, mounted on the stud 12 so that the peripheral surface of its tubular interior cavity 18c surrounds the stud 12 and engages the stud 12 freely enough without being tightened around it.
- This anchoring head 14 also has two insertion corners: a movable insertion corner 16, and a stationary insertion corner 20, both mounted on the stud 12 on either side of the sheath. expansion 18.
- the insertion corners 16 and 20 may or may not have the same length.
- Each of the two insertion corners 16, 20 defines a generally cylindrical main portion 16a, 20a respectively, an annular rear stop 16b, 20b projecting radially outward at the rear of the cylindrical main portion 16a, 20a.
- these insertion corners 16, 20 each comprise a frustoconical portion 16c, 20c in the form of a point projecting axially towards the front of the main cylindrical portion 16a, 20a.
- the frustoconical portion 16c of the movable insertion corner 16 points in the direction of the distal lumen 18a of the interior cavity 18c of the expansion sheath 18; similarly, the frustoconical portion 20c of the stationary insertion corner 20 points in the direction of the proximal lumen 18b of the internal cavity 18c of the expansion sheath 18.
- the free end of the frustoconical portion 16c, 20c of the insertion corners 16, 20 has a smaller diameter than that of the cylindrical interior cavity 18c of the expansion sheath.
- the frustoconical part 16c, 20c widens progressively and leads towards the main cylindrical part 16a, 20a of the insertion corners, the diameter of which is larger than that of the cavity 18c.
- Each of these insertion corners 16, 20 is tubular, and defines an interior cavity 16d, 20d.
- the interior cavity 16d of the movable insertion corner 16 is tapped, and the movable insertion corner 16 is mounted by screwing on the stud 12; the threads of this threaded cavity 16d can cooperate with the threads of the stud 12, when the latter is pivoted about its longitudinal axis, to allow the axial displacement of the movable insertion corner 16 relative to the stud 12, as described more in detail below.
- the interior cavity 20d of the stationary insertion corner 20, for its part, defines a smooth non-tapped peripheral surface.
- This cavity 20d is penetrated by the stud 12, and the rear stop 20b of the wedge 20 bears against a washer 22, held axially stationary by two nuts 24, 24 screwed onto the stud 12 and tightened firmly against each other .
- the two nuts 24, 24 are integral in rotation with the stud 12, and therefore do not move axially along the stud 12.
- the rear surface of the insertion corner 20 slides on the washer 22, and the anchoring head 14 cannot move towards the proximal end of the stud 12 beyond the assembly axially stationary relative to the stud 12 formed by the two nuts 24, 24 tightened by screwing one against the other.
- the insert corners 16, 20 can be forcefully inserted into the cavity 18c of the expansion sheath 18, to induce stretching and therefore the radial expansion of the latter.
- the various components of the anchor head 14 are arranged so that the expansion sheath 18 is not stretched radially by the insert corners 16, 20, it will be said below that the head anchor 14 is in the rest position (as illustrated in FIG. 3a).
- the sheath 18 is stretched radially by the insertion corners 16, 20, it will be said that the expansion sheath 18 is in the functional position (FIG. 3b).
- the stud 12, in the vicinity of its proximal end 12b, is provided with a conventional support plate 26, pierced at its center and penetrated by the stud 12.
- This plate when the anchor bolt 10 is put in place a hole drilled in the wall of an excavation, will come to bear against the external surface of the wall of the excavation P ( Figure 3a-3b) to load the anchor bolt 10.
- a washer 28 and two nuts 30, 31 are mounted on the stud 12 between the support plate 26 and the proximal end 12b of the stud.
- the two nuts 30, 31 screwed and tightened one against the other forming a stationary assembly with respect to the stud 12, ie are integral in rotation with the stud 12, will allow a rotary tool to grasp the stud 12 by its protruding part from the wall of the excavation and located outside the drilled hole, and to rotate it around its longitudinal axis.
- This hole T is preferably drilled perpendicular to the outer surface S of the wall of the excavation, and must have a depth corresponding to the length of the bolt; typically, the hole T is drilled to be about 10 centimeters (4 inches) longer than the stud.
- the diameter of the hole T must be such that it is slightly larger than the diameter of the expansion sheath 18 when the anchoring head 14 is in the rest position, ie when the expansion sheath 18 is not radially stretched by the insertion corners 16, 20.
- the stud 12 provided with the anchoring head 14 in the rest position is then pressed into the hole T.
- the expansion sheath 18 which is diametrically t smaller than the hole T, rests by gravity with friction against the rough lower part of the hole T. This can be observed in the sectional view of FIG. 3 a, where the lower surface of the sheath 18 rests against the hollow of the hole T.
- the stud 12 must be turned around its longitudinal axis (as suggested by the arrow A in FIG. 3 a) in a given direction.
- a suitable rotary tool (not illustrated in the figures) is used to accomplish this rotation of the stud, for example the drilling machine previously used for drilling hole T in the rock mass, but this time fitted with a nut socket rather than an auger.
- the sleeve of this rotary tool must engage the nut 30, and the tool must be actuated to transmit a rotary movement to this nut. Since the nut 30 is tightened against the juxtaposed nut 31, the rotation of the nut 30 does not induce a screwing movement of the latter on the stud 12, but rather the rotation of the stud 12 around its longitudinal axis, integral with the nut 30 driven in rotation by the rotary tool.
- the expansion sheath 18 When the stud 12 is pivoted about its longitudinal axis, the expansion sheath 18, on the other hand, does not pivot since it bears frictionally against the rough surface delimiting the hole drilled in the rock, and the friction of the expansion sheath 18 against the rock surrounding the hole T alone makes it possible to prevent the expansion sheath from turning at the same time as the stud 2.
- the movable insertion corner 16 s press with friction against the expansion sheath 18, and the only friction of the movable insertion wedge 16 against the expansion sheath 18 makes it possible to retain the movable insertion wedge 16 to prevent it from being driven in rotation at the same time as the stud 12.
- the movable insertion corner 16 remains stationary with respect to the expansion sheath 18 and with respect to the rocky surface surrounding the hole T when the stud 12 is pivoted, which allows to generate a relative pivoting of the stud 12 relative to the insertion corner n movable 16, and therefore to generate the movement by screwing the insertion corner 16 (whose inner cavity 16d is tapped) relative to the stud 12 (whose outer surface is threaded).
- the axial displacement of the movable insertion corner 16 simultaneously allows its progressive insertion into the lumen 18a of the cavity 18c of the expansion sheath 18, until its frustoconical portion 16c and / or its main cylindrical portion 16a are at least partially inserted therein.
- the pivoting of the stud 12 must continue until the pivoting resistance, which is a function of the pressure applied radially by the anchoring head 14 against the internal surface of the hole drilled in the rock, reaches a limit value. When this limit value is reached, the anchor head is considered to be anchored in the rock mass. Once the anchoring head 14 has been anchored in the rock, the plate 26 - which remained spaced from the surface S of the wall P of the excavation - must be applied against the surface S of the wall P of the excavation, and must be kept pressed against it by successively screwing the nut 31 then the nut 30 towards the support plate.
- the anchor bolt 10 is loaded and therefore becomes operational, and now contributes to the support of the wall P of the excavation.
- the anchor bolt of the invention such as the anchor bolt 10 of FIGS. 1 - 3b for example, has many advantages compared to traditional mechanical anchor bolts (typically designated "rockbolt” in English), such than that illustrated in FIGS. 11 and 12.
- the anchor bolt 410 of FIGS. 13-14 which is also discussed in the “STATE OF THE ART” section above, comprises a stud 412 and an expansive shell 414 mounted at the neighborhood of the distal end of the stud 412.
- This expansive shell 414 consists of four sheets 418 connected to each other at their end 418a, then held together by a ring 422. These sheets 418 surround the stud 412, and their outer surface is rendered rough by a series of teeth 419 of triangular section, as illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 14.
- the four sheets 418 are retained at the distal end of the stud by a U-shaped retaining member 424.
- mobile insertion 416 in the form of a cone is mounted by screwing at the distal end of the stud 412. By pivoting the stud 412 in a given direction relative to the insertion wedge 416, the latter moves by screwing the along the stud 412 in the direction of the four sheets 418, and can be inserted between the four sheets 418 to generate their spacing.
- the expansive shell opens, i.e. -to say that the four sheets 418 move apart and gradually move away from the stud 412, and the teeth 419 come to apply pressure and cling to the internal peripheral surface of the hole drilled in the wall of the excavation.
- a conventional support plate (not shown), installed near the proximal end (not shown) of the stud 412, is then tightened against the external surface of the wall of the excavation, to load the anchor bolt 410.
- Such an anchor bolt with serrated sheets has many drawbacks.
- the serrated sheets 418 have only a punctual grip on the rocky surface delimiting the borehole, that is to say that only the tip of the teeth 419 puncturing punctually against the peripheral surface of the hole allows the expansive shell to cling to.
- this bolt can lose its load instantaneously, for example by breaking and crumbling the rock portions to which the teeth 419 hold on.
- the expansion sheath is pressed against the rock surface delimiting the borehole, and since the expansion sheath is made of 'an elastic deformable material, the entire periphery of the outer surface of the expansion sheath bears against the internal surface of the hole, deforming to perfectly match the irregularities which are present there.
- the anchoring of the anchoring head on the internal surface of the hole is accomplished by the firm application of the entire periphery of the expansion sheath against this surface of the hole, and makes it possible to adapt to the irregularities which therein. appear, thus maximizing the contact area, and therefore the friction force, between the anchor head and the internal surface of the hole.
- FIGS. 1— 3b there are structures similar to those of the embodiment of FIGS. 1— 3b, and their reference numbers correspond to those of the embodiment of FIGS. 1— 3b but increased by 100 (for example, the anchor bolt, bearing the number 10 in Figures 1—3b, bears the number 110 in the embodiment of Figures 4—6c).
- Figures 4-6c show an anchor bolt 110, similar to but different from bolt 10 in Figures 1 - 3b.
- the stud 112 rather than being threaded over its entire length, is threaded only at its two end portions.
- a threaded portion located in the vicinity of the proximal end 112b allows the screwing on the stud 112 of the two nuts 130, 131, and the other threaded portion located in the vicinity of the distal end 112a allows the screwing of the movable insertion corner 116.
- the stationary assembly formed of two nuts 24, 24 one screwed against the other in the embodiment of FIGS. 1— 3b is replaced by a steel tube 124, pressed against and secured to the central non-threaded portion of the stud 112.
- the tube 124 can rotate integrally with the stud 112 when the latter is pivoted around its longitudinal axis.
- the expansion sheath 118 is provided with four elongated strips 119 made of a soft elastic material, distributed regularly over the periphery of the external surface of the expansion sheath 118. These strips 119 may for example be shorter that the expansion sheath 118, and be installed on the end portion of the expansion sheath 118 facing the stationary insertion corner 120; alternatively these strips can have the same length as the expansion sheath.
- the movable insertion corner 116 only has a main cylindrical portion 116a and a frustoconical portion 116c, unlike the movable insertion corner 16 of FIGS. 1— 3b which also includes a rear stop 16b.
- the procedure for installing the anchor bolt 110 is similar to that of the anchor bolt 10.
- the anchor head 114 is adjusted by manually screwing the insertion corner 116 to slightly wedge the sheath. expansion 118 between the two insertion corners 116 and 120.
- the stud 112 on which the anchor head 114 is mounted is inserted into a hole T previously drilled in an excavation wall P, the strips 119 slightly engaging the internal surface of the hole T, as illustrated in FIG. 6a.
- the stud 112 is pivoted about its longitudinal axis as suggested by the arrow D in FIG. 6a.
- the strips 119 engaging the internal surface of the hole they make it possible to retain the expansion sheath 118 so that it remains stationary despite the rotation movement of the stud 112.
- the frictionally pressing of the movable insertion corner 116 against the sheath 118 allows the mobile insertion corner 116 also to remain stationary despite the movement of rotation of the stud 112.
- the stud 112 pivots relative to the insertion corner 116, which allows the insertion corner 116 to move by screwing towards the expansion sheath 118, such as suggested by the arrows E in FIG. 6a, and gradually penetrate into its cavity 118c, so as to radially stretch the expansion sheath 118 to compress it against the internal surface of the hole T, as illustrated in FIG. 6b .
- the anchor bolt 110 is capable of performing well even in the event of deformation of the rock mass in which it is installed.
- deformation is the decompression (or relaxation) of the rock mass, consisting of a relative displacement of blocks of rock which constitute it, which generates the volume expansion of the rock mass.
- the walls of the excavation in the event of loosening of the solid mass, will tend to expand and to close in on themselves, as suggested by the arrows H in FIG. 6c, and the hole T in which the bolt is installed will therefore tend to elongate.
- the decompression of the massif is likely to occur during adjacent blasting.
- Figure 6c shows the behavior of the anchor bolt 110 following decompression of the bed.
- the support plate 126 When the rock mass decompresses, and therefore when the hole T lengthens, the support plate 126 is driven by the surface S of the wall P which decompresses and closes, as suggested by the arrows F in FIG. 6c.
- the support plate 126 carries with it the stud 112, which will be pulled axially towards the outside of the hole T, as suggested by the arrow G, and consequently also drives the insertion wedge 116 screwed onto the stud 112.
- This outward movement of the hole T of the insertion corner 116 does not cause the displacement of the expansion sheath 118, the latter remaining pressed against and firmly clamped to the internal surface of the hole T.
- the insertion corner can penetrate with force and slide in the cavity 118c of the expansion sheath, rather than causing the pressure drop of the bolt. So the fact that the corner insertion 116, unlike the insertion corner 16 of the embodiment of Figures l-3b, does not have a rear stop will allow it to slide inside and along the cavity 118c of the expansion sheath , as illustrated in FIG. 6c, the insertion corner 116 stretching radially and continuously compressing the expansion sheath 118 against the surface of the hole when it is in its cavity.
- the structures similar to those of the embodiment of FIGS. 1 - 3b have the same reference numbers but increased by 200.
- the anchor bolt, numbered 10 in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 - 3b, is numbered 210 on the realization of Figures 7-9.
- the stud 212 is threaded over its entire length, and is provided in the vicinity of its distal end 212a with an anchor head 214.
- This anchor head 214 comprises an assembly of two nuts 224 screwed and tightened l one against the other, integral in rotation with the stud 212.
- a hollow sleeve 221 the internal cavity 221c of which is smooth and not tapped, is mounted on the stud 112, and its rear surface abuts against a washer 222, leaning in turn against the two nuts 224 screwed against each other.
- Sleeve 221 defines integrally a main cylindrical part 221a, as well as a diametrically larger rear stop 221b and of annular shape, situated at one end of the main cylindrical part 221a.
- the anchor head 214 comprises an expansive shell 217.
- This expansive shell 217 defines a hollow annular base portion 217a to which four sheets 217b are integrally attached having a serrated outer surface.
- the hollow annular part 217a has a diameter corresponding to that of the outer surface of the cylindrical part 221a of the sleeve, and the hollow annular part 217a engages in axial sliding and is threaded around the cylindrical part 221a of the sleeve.
- an insertion corner 216 of frustoconical shape, screwed onto the stud 212, can be inserted between the four sheets 217b. It is possible to observe in FIG. 7 that the insertion corner 216 defines four flattened portions 216a, each having to align with one of the sheets 217b. The procedure for installing the anchor bolt 210 will now be detailed.
- the anchor head 214 must be adjusted so that the insertion wedge 216 is inserted between the four sheets 217b of the expanding shell without, however, the insertion wedge 216 applying pressure on the sheets 217b nor does not dismiss them.
- Such a configuration of the anchor head 214 is illustrated in FIG. 8.
- the stud 212 provided with the anchor head 214 is inserted into the hole made in the wall of the excavation.
- the stud 212 is then pivoted in a given direction, and since the sheets 217b of the expansive shell rest with friction against the internal surface of the hole and that the sheets 217b engage the flattened part 216a of the insertion corner 216, thus preventing the latter to be rotated at the same time as the stud 212, a relative movement of the stud 212 by report to the insertion corner is generated, which generates the movement by screwing the insertion corner 216 towards the expansive shell.
- the axial displacement of the insertion wedge 216 in the direction of the expansive shell 217 generates the radial spacing of the sheets 217b, the outer surface of which thus presses and clings to the surface of the hole T.
- the displacement of the insertion wedge 216 towards the expansive shell 217 pushes it towards the expansion sheath 218, and the hollow annular part 217a of the expansive shell slides along the cylindrical part 221a of the sleeve and comes to axially compress the expansion sheath 218
- the progressive axial compression of the expansion sheath 218 by the expansive shell 217 induces the radial expansion of the expansion sheath 218, which gradually takes on a domed shape.
- the expansion sheath 218 thus widening in diameter, it compresses against the internal surface of the hole drilled in the wall P of the excavation, as suggested in FIG. 9.
- the expansion sheath 218 thus compressed plays two roles.
- the expansion sheath being made of an elastic material, and therefore having a tendency to want to regain its shape when deformed, the expansion sheath acts as a spring on the expansive shell 217.
- the expansion sheath when compressed axially, the expansion sheath pushes on the hollow annular part 217a of the expansive shell, and if vibrations or strong shearing forces cause the rock to crumble at the interface between the serrated sheets 217b and the surface of the hole by the sheets serrated (as described above, rock crumbling from the inner surface of the hole is a common problem with expansive shell bolts), the elastic expansion sheath 218 can decompress slightly and push the expansive shell 217 further direction of the expansion wedge 216, which remains stationary, which allows the sheets 217b to deviate further towards the peripheral inner surface of the hole, and their serrated outer surface to take hold on this inner surface of the hole.
- This embodiment of the anchor bolt 510 comprises a stud 512 on which multiple anchor heads 514 are installed.
- the anchor bolt 510 of this embodiment has the advantage of having several anchor points in the rock along hole, and can therefore withstand higher loads.
- Another embodiment of the invention, illustrated in Figures 11 and 12, could also be envisaged.
- the anchoring device 310 of this embodiment makes use of an anchoring bolt typically called “Split Set”, consisting of a steel tube 311 defining a proximal end 311a and a distal end 311b, as well as a slot 311e extending over its entire length.
- the proximal end 311a of the tube 311 is turned up and defines at this location a lip 311c, intended to retain a ring 31 ld.
- the ring 31d is in turn intended to retain a support plate 326, pierced in its center and penetrated by the tube 311.
- the distal end portion of the tube 311 is slightly thinned , in that its diameter is narrowed relative to the central part of the tube.
- a “Split Set” type tube such as the tube 311 illustrated in FIG. 11, can be used alone for supporting a wall. Its installation consists first of all in drilling a hole having a diameter smaller than the central part of the tube. Next, insert the narrowed distal end portion of the tube 311 into the hole, and hammer the tube 311 through its proximal end 31a, so that the tube is gradually inserted into the drilled hole.
- Tube 311 can be pushed into the hole using the impact function of the impact / rotation drill used to drill the hole. Since the central part of the tube 311 has a larger diameter than the hole, its insertion into the hole causes the tube to tighten, the slot 311e closing gradually, so that the diameter of the tube can adapt to that of the hole to be able to enter it.
- the tube 311 is inserted into the hole until the support plate 326 comes to bear firmly against the exterior surface of the wall of the excavation.
- the elastic capacity of the tube 311 which is deformed to shrink diametrically in order to be able to penetrate the hole, allows it to act as a spring and to make it continually tend towards its initial non-deformed shape.
- This tube 3111 when installed on an excavation wall, has the advantage of being able to accommodate decompression of the rock mass. Indeed, in the event of decompression of the rock mass, where the wall of the excavation tends to close and the drilled hole tends to lengthen, the tube can be driven by the support plate 326, itself driven by the wall which closes, and the tube can slide relative to the hole. However, this bolt cannot withstand very large loads.
- the present invention provides for the use of an anchor bolt of the “Split Set” type in combination with one of the variants of anchor bolt with elastic expansion sheath described above, in order to increase the strength of the bolt. .
- the anchor bolt 310 is similar to the anchor bolt 10 in Figures l-3b, however without a backing plate
- the elastic expansion sheath 318 compresses radially against the internal surface of the tube 311, and presses the steel tube 311 more against the internal surface of the hole.
- the anchor bolt of the present invention could include a stud, at the proximal end of which is fixed a support plate, and comprising an anchor head having an expansion sheath mounted on a sleeve (similar to the sleeve 221 in FIG. 7), the sleeve defining a main cylindrical portion and a rear stop.
- the anchoring head would include a pushing member defining a first tapped hollow portion screwed onto the stud, and a second hollow portion with non-tapped interior cavity and slidingly engaging the cylindrical part of the sleeve, so that the expansion sheath is located between this second part and the rear stop of the sleeve.
- This pushing member could be set in motion by screwing along the stud by rotating the latter, to allow the pushing member to compress the expansion sheath axially against the rear stop of the sleeve. By axially compressing the expansion sheath, it would undergo a radial expansion and take a domed shape (as in FIG. 9), and would come to apply firmly against the surface delimiting the hole, to allow the anchoring of the head.
- the stud of the embodiments described above could be replaced by any suitable support member.
- the anchor head with elastic expansion sheath could include a bar on which the expansion sheath is mounted as well as the activating organism (s) (insertion corner (s), sleeve, etc.), and with respect to which the activating organ (s) could move to exercise pressure on the expansion sheath and tilt the anchor head into the functional position.
- the support member in this case, could be a solid metal cable used to connect the anchor head to a support member which can bear against the exterior surface of the wall excavation, such as a support plate.
- the cable could be securely stretched between the anchor head anchored in the solid mass and the support plate to provide support for the excavation wall.
- a person skilled in the field of the present invention could design other variants of anchor bolts different from those described above. However, for reasons of clarity, these variants have not all been described, but it is understood that they are encompassed by the scope of protection defined by the following claims.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BRPI0415904-7A BRPI0415904A (pt) | 2003-10-27 | 2004-10-26 | dispositivo de ancoragem com uma camisa de expansão elástica |
EP04789785A EP1687510A1 (fr) | 2003-10-27 | 2004-10-26 | DISPOSITIF D ANCRAGE GAINE D EXPANSION É ;LASTIQUE |
CA002553610A CA2553610A1 (fr) | 2003-10-27 | 2004-10-26 | Dispositif d'ancrage a gaine d'expansion elastique |
US10/577,246 US7465128B2 (en) | 2003-10-27 | 2004-10-26 | Anchor device with an elastic expansion sleeve |
YUP-2006/0353A RS20060353A (en) | 2003-10-27 | 2004-10-26 | Anchor device with an elastic expansion sleeve |
AU2004284121A AU2004284121A1 (en) | 2003-10-27 | 2004-10-26 | Anchor device with an elastic expansion sleeve |
NO20062394A NO20062394L (no) | 2003-10-27 | 2006-05-26 | Forankringsanordning med en elastisk ekspansjonskappe |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US51400403P | 2003-10-27 | 2003-10-27 | |
US60/514,004 | 2003-10-27 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005040556A1 true WO2005040556A1 (fr) | 2005-05-06 |
Family
ID=34520160
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CA2004/001878 WO2005040556A1 (fr) | 2003-10-27 | 2004-10-26 | Dispositif d'ancrage à gaine d'expansion élastique |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7465128B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1687510A1 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR100808849B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1898456A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2004284121A1 (fr) |
BR (1) | BRPI0415904A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2553610A1 (fr) |
NO (1) | NO20062394L (fr) |
RS (1) | RS20060353A (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2006118307A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2005040556A1 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA200604319B (fr) |
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WO2005040557A1 (fr) | 2003-10-29 | 2005-05-06 | Grinaker-Lta Limited | Boulon d'ancrage |
WO2008154669A1 (fr) | 2007-06-19 | 2008-12-24 | 'alwag' Tunnelausbau Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Procédé et dispositif pour percer un trou dans le sol ou dans un matériau rocheux et pour former un ancrage |
US7955034B2 (en) | 2006-11-10 | 2011-06-07 | Atlas Copco Mai Gmbh | Sliding anchor |
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MX2010009475A (es) * | 2008-02-29 | 2010-09-28 | Atlas Copco Mai Gmbh | Anclaje deslizante mejorado. |
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- 2004-10-26 WO PCT/CA2004/001878 patent/WO2005040556A1/fr active Application Filing
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- 2004-10-26 RS YUP-2006/0353A patent/RS20060353A/sr unknown
- 2004-10-26 BR BRPI0415904-7A patent/BRPI0415904A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005040557A1 (fr) | 2003-10-29 | 2005-05-06 | Grinaker-Lta Limited | Boulon d'ancrage |
EP1680574A1 (fr) * | 2003-10-29 | 2006-07-19 | Grinaker-LTA Limited | Boulon d'ancrage |
US7955034B2 (en) | 2006-11-10 | 2011-06-07 | Atlas Copco Mai Gmbh | Sliding anchor |
WO2008154669A1 (fr) | 2007-06-19 | 2008-12-24 | 'alwag' Tunnelausbau Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Procédé et dispositif pour percer un trou dans le sol ou dans un matériau rocheux et pour former un ancrage |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2553610A1 (fr) | 2005-05-06 |
ZA200604319B (en) | 2007-09-26 |
NO20062394L (no) | 2006-07-27 |
US20070031196A1 (en) | 2007-02-08 |
BRPI0415904A (pt) | 2007-01-16 |
US7465128B2 (en) | 2008-12-16 |
RU2006118307A (ru) | 2007-12-10 |
KR20060103904A (ko) | 2006-10-04 |
RS20060353A (en) | 2008-04-04 |
EP1687510A1 (fr) | 2006-08-09 |
CN1898456A (zh) | 2007-01-17 |
AU2004284121A1 (en) | 2005-05-06 |
KR100808849B1 (ko) | 2008-03-03 |
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