WO2005030650A1 - Dispositif de desionisation de solutions salines - Google Patents
Dispositif de desionisation de solutions salines Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005030650A1 WO2005030650A1 PCT/FR2004/050456 FR2004050456W WO2005030650A1 WO 2005030650 A1 WO2005030650 A1 WO 2005030650A1 FR 2004050456 W FR2004050456 W FR 2004050456W WO 2005030650 A1 WO2005030650 A1 WO 2005030650A1
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- Prior art keywords
- cell
- compartments
- fluid
- deionization
- membranes
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/4604—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods for desalination of seawater or brackish water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/46115—Electrolytic cell with membranes or diaphragms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
Definitions
- Membrane filtration under pressure gradient goes from simple filtration to nanostructure through reverse osmosis. Less energy consuming than thermal power plants, these membrane filtration techniques are increasingly competing with them. Progress on membranes suggests that membrane filtration will supplant evaporation and condensation.
- the major physical problem of membrane techniques is that of the osmotic pressure that must be overcome to achieve filtration. This pressure, proportional to the concentration of dissolved salts, is important for seawater. 75 kg / cm of pressure is commonly used in small desalination units. The creation of these high pressures consumes energy and poses serious problems of resistance of the membranes to such a pressure gradient.
- Membrane filtration can also be done under an electrical voltage gradient: this is electrodialysis.
- the salts dissolved in seawater, brackish or used are mainly in ionic form.
- a cell of electrodialysis consists of three compartments: a compartment containing the cathode 1, a compartment containing the anode 2 and between the two, a compartment limited, on the cathode side, by a cationic membrane 3 (permeable to cations) and on the anode side, by an anionic membrane 4 (permeable to anions).
- a compartment containing the cathode 1 a compartment containing the cathode 1
- a compartment containing the anode 2 and between the two a compartment limited, on the cathode side, by a cationic membrane 3 (permeable to cations) and on the anode side, by an anionic membrane 4 (permeable to anions).
- a cationic membrane 3 permeable to cations
- anionic membrane 4 permeable to anions
- This configuration creates deionization compartments 5, concentration compartments 6, a cathode compartment 1 where the cathodic electrochemical reactions take place and an anode compartment 2 where the anodic electrochemical reactions take place. These compartments have no communication with each other except at the entry of the solution to be deionized where all the compartments are supplied in parallel with the ionic solution.
- This conventional electrodialysis cell uses only the electrical component of the Lorentz equation.
- the cathode gives up electrons to neutralize the cations which are either released in the form of gas or react with the solvent.
- the anode collects the excess electrons from the anions which either evolve in the form of a gas or react with the solvent. These are the electrochemical reactions of the electrodes which polarize and corrode in these reactions.
- the electrical circuit is closed. It consists of a generator maintaining the potential difference between the electrodes and delivering current in the load resistance that constitutes the electrodialysis cell.
- the selectively ion-permeable membranes behave like capacitors having a leakage resistance and the ionized fluid in the concentration and deionization compartments like pure resistances.
- the capacitors that constitute the membranes charge when the voltage is established and maintain this charge, the current flowing at equilibrium being due only to their resistance. These surface charges constitute a diffusion barrier reducing leakage currents (selective diffusion of ions in the membrane) and are responsible for the precipitation of certain salts thus clogging the membranes.
- the deionization compartments are interconnected to give the deionized solvent; the concentration compartments are interconnected to give a concentrated solution, and the cathode and anode compartments are generally treated separately to recover the bases or the acids which have developed therein by electrochemical reaction on the electrodes.
- the electric field E, thus created, derives from an electric potential U such that dU / dx ⁇ E.
- F 0 and the electric charges are no longer deviated from their normal trajectory.
- the Laplace force solely of magnetic origin, applied in deionization of a vein of an ionized fluid in relative motion with respect to the magnetic field, creates a difference in electrical potential U between the opposite walls of the fluid vein and parallel to the plane defined by the vectors v and B.
- the fluid stream can then be considered as being a charged capacitor whose electrical charge Q is equal to C * U, C being the apparent capacity of this capacitor.
- This charge Q expressed in coulombs, is a surface charge distributed according to the laws of electrostatics, on the internal faces of the tube, of any section, delimiting the vein.
- the charge Q generated by the magnetic component of the Laplace force for the purpose of deionization, is very low, of the order of a few millionths coulombs in the best of cases and cannot claim, on its own, to carry out an extraction of dissolved salts.
- the problem then becomes that of suppressing the Hall effect, that is to say of the electric field generated by the separation of the charges subjected to the Laplace force so that the separation can continue.
- the documents cited above are content to reject the slices, from the stream of ionized fluid, flowing in a laminar fashion along the electrically charged walls as if the charge were by volume.
- the American patent designs virtual porous walls in order to avoid the delimitation of the vein of fluid and recurrence of the Hall effect. By eliminating the main point of the problem, the American patent does not provide any solution. His proposals are presented as theoretical answers to an unresolved problem. The other solutions proposed amount to discharging the walls by submerged electrodes performing electrophoresis or using the electric potential of the Hall effect as an electric generator.
- a conventional electrolysis not considered in the American patent, then occurs with the phenomena of polarization of the electrodes and corrosion.
- the aim of the present invention is to develop a method and an installation for electrodialysis which overcomes the drawbacks of known methods and installations and, in particular, corrosion of the electrodes and clogging of the membranes, seat of the electrochemical reactions caused by the significant electrical currents, so as to allow continuous operation, over extended periods without requiring intervention on the installations. It also aims to propose solutions that are inexpensive in technical realizations and that consume only the minimum energy physically necessary to deionize an ionized fluid.
- the invention relates to a device for the deionization of saline solutions of a type defined above, characterized by at least one deionization cell constituting a continuous pipe whose outer wall is completely impermeable to the fluid, electrically insulating and non-ferromagnetic, each cell comprising
- a first element containing an alternating stack of membranes, selectively permeable to ions, separated by spacers defining concentration compartments and deionization compartments, as well as a compartment at each end of the stack,
- a second element containing a stack in identical number of membranes as the first element but electrically insulating separated by spacers continuing the deionization compartments, the concentration compartments and the end compartments of the first element,
- the third element containing only two compartments in certain embodiments, one uniting all the concentration compartments and the end compartments, the other uniting all the deionization com.partim.ents.
- the deionization device according to the invention avoids any problem of corrosion of the electrodes or clogging of the membranes and allows continuous operation of the device, without requiring periodic intervention.
- the entire installation is simple to operate and is particularly effective for multiple applications such as the production of fresh water from sea water, softening of hard water, water treatment waste, recovery of toxic or precious ions and production of ultra pure water for industry.
- the deionization device is applicable to any ionized liquid or gaseous fluid.
- the electrodialysis cells have a structure of rectangular section.
- the device comprises a succession of cells and the fluid at least partially deionized by a cell is then injected into the deionization compartments of the first element of the following cell, the concentrated fluid being injected into the concentration compartments and the extreme compartments of the first element of the following cell.
- the Laplace force acts only on the first two elements of a deionization cell, by developing on the ions of the fluid, a force not parallel to the plane of the membranes selectively permeable to ions and electrically insulating membranes oriented in such a way that the cations cross the membranes selectively permeable to the cations and the anions cross the membranes selectively permeable to the anions, the vectors being in the same direction.
- the Laplace force acts only on the first two elements of a deionization cell, by developing on the ions of the fluid, a force not parallel to the plane of the membranes selectively permeable to ions and electrically insulating membranes oriented in such a way that the cations cross the membranes selectively permeable to the cations and the anions cross the membranes selectively permeable to the anions, the vectors being in the same direction.
- the Laplace force is generated with a zero electric field, the significant relative speed of a magnetic induction mobEe rotating around the axis of the helical form with respect to the ions of the slowly circulating ionized fluid, the displacement of the magnetic induction being the result of the vectorieEe combination of phase-shifted alternative inductions of the same frequency whose respective phase shifts and orientations in a plane of space give an induction rotating in one direction at the frequency in this plane,
- the Laplace force applied to the cell is generated with a naked magnetic induction
- the electric field is generated by two electric conductors, external to the cell, brought periodically to a constant potential difference over one part of the period and zero over the other, giving a signal in the form of square slots, the electric field having an orientation such that the force acting on the ions, makes the cations pass through the membranes selectively permeable to cations and the anions pass through the membranes selectively permeable to anions, the Laplace force generator being external to the cell.
- the electric field having an orientation such that the force acting on the ions, makes the cations pass through the membranes selectively permeable to cations and the anions pass through the membranes selectively permeable to anions
- each ceEule has four separate compartments
- the extreme compartments containing one an excess of cations, the other an excess of anions are put in electrical relation by electrodes in contact with these fluids thus developing an electric voltage usable as generator of electricity and providing the recoverable electrolysis products corresponding to the ionized fluid used.
- a cell having an outer wall totally impermeable to the fluid, electrically insulating and non-ferromagnetic, deionization compartments alternating with concentration compartments partitioned by membranes selectively permeable to ions and also alternated, separated by dividers defining the compartments, and an external generator of rotating induction in the plane of the membranes, acting over the entire length of the cell by generating on the ions of the circulating ionized fluid, a. speed, a force teEe that the cations cross the cation-permeable membranes and the anions cross the anion-permeable membranes, thus developing a potential of HaE effect on the internal wall of the extreme compartments of the cell,
- the cell being formed from a hecoidal winding bringing into electrical contact a wall carrying one type of ion and another wall carrying the other type of ion, by an electroconductive junction, the walls being themselves conductive locally along of this junction estabHe over the entire length of the helical winding to discharge the HaE potential continuously,
- the useful length of the first element of the cell is then large compared to its second and third element, the time constant being infinite.
- the fluid, progressively enriched in electrolysis products in the extreme compartments of the cell is recovered from place to place along the cell when the concentration requires it. and E is replaced by initial ionized fluid or concentrated fluid from the concentration compartments upstream of the sampling points.
- the extreme compartments contain electrodes in contact with the ionized fluid, the electric field is generated by two electrical conductors internal to the cell, the cathode being in the compartment partitioned by the external wall and a membrane selectively permeable to cations and the anode in the compartment partitioned by the external wall and a membrane selectively permeable to anions,
- the electrodes are supplied with a periodic electric voltage in the form of a square signal, constant over part of the period and bare over the other part,
- the deionized fluid recovered at the outlet of the deionization line is treated in reverse osmosis, but under low pressure, to remove the nonionic substances which may also be present in the ionized fluid used and provide an ultra pure fluid. .
- the deionization cell is a length element formed by at least three tubes fitted one inside the other, with parallel axes, the walls of which are made of non-ferromagnetic substances, the wall of the outer tube being impermeable to the fluid to be deionized and electrically insulating, and that of the inner tubes consisting of two opposite portions along a plane passing through the axis of the inner tube, in substance semi-permeable to ions, one being permeable to cations , the other permeable to anions, these two wall portions being reEees and the structure of the two internal tubes is reversed.
- the electric field of the Laplace force generator is generated by the armatures of a capacitor arranged outside the cell.
- the capacitor is formed by a metal film deposited in two lateral and diametrically opposite bands on the wall of the cell, each band being connected to a pole of a generator of direct electrical voltage.
- the invention also makes it possible to obtain acids and bases corresponding to the ions present in the solution to be deionized.
- the deionization cell also has two isolated extreme compartments without direct communication with the others, one closed by a membrane allowing only the cations to pass through, the other by a membrane allowing only the anions to pass through, each solution enriched in a type of ions being recovered separately at the outlet of the deionization cell.
- electrodes are brought into contact with basic and acid solutions, thus making it possible to recover on the one hand the electrical energy generated by the difference in electrochemical potential of the solutions and on the other apart from the products resulting from the electrolysis caused by the electrochemical reactions at the electrodes. It is advantageous to increase the efficiency of the device by a deionization cell of helical helical structure bringing the cationic compartment and the anionic compartment close to one another and to reerect them by an electrically conductive junction.
- E is particularly interesting to form the deionization cell by a length element formed by at least three tubes fitted one inside the other, paraEele axis, the walls of which are substantially non-ferromagnetic, the wall of the external tube being impermeable to the solvent of the solution to be deionized and electrically insulating, the wall of the internal tubes being constituted by two opposite parts along a plane in particular vertical passing through the axis of the internal tube, substantially permeable to ions, one to cations the other to anions, these two wall portions being directly or by wall portions of substantially impermeable, the two internal tubes being inverted in structure relative - port plan.
- FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram of the principle of a cell of deionization according to the state of the art
- - Figure 2 shows a development of a deionization cell according to the state of the art
- FIG. 3 schematically shows a deionization cell implementing the method of the invention
- FIG. 4A schematically shows a section of a cell of a deionization device according to the invention, the fluid circulating perpendicularly to the plane of the figure,
- FIG. 4B shows the equivalent electrical diagram of the cell of FIG. 4A
- FIG. 5A is a view of a deionization cell, the direction of passage of the ionized fluid being paraEele to the plane of FIG. 5A
- FIG. 5B is a section along the Egne BB of FIG. 5A
- FIG. 6 shows the equivalent diagram of a deionization cell according to FIG. 5A for its three constituent elements T1, T2, T3 as well as a succession of two deionization cells,
- FIG. 7 is a diagram of another embodiment of a deionization cell with heekoidal path of the ionized fluid
- FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic section with a different scale of three turns of a deionization cell according to FIG. 7,
- - Figure 9 shows another embodiment of a deionization cell using an electric field creating the force of the place
- - Figure 10 is another view of the deionization cell of Figure 9 showing the succession of elements and in the upper part of the figure, the control voltage U (t) of the cell,
- FIG. 11 is an equivalent diagram of the cell of FIG. 10,
- FIG. 12 shows another embodiment of a deionization cell with immersed electrodes
- FIG. 13 shows different timing diagrams of the control voltage of the cell of FIG. 12 and of the charging current
- FIG. 14 is a devolution diagram of the concentrations in the dua of an electrodialysis cell according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 shows the block diagram of a cell of a deionization device or elementary device of a combination of cells in series and / or in parallel and implementing the method of the invention.
- This cell represented in section, is crossed by the Equide to be deionized circulating in the direction perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 3.
- the Equide crosses the cell at a speed V perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 3.
- a deionization cell generally consists of three composite tubes fitted one inside the other with parallel or coaxial axes, of any cross-section whose walls are essentially non-ferromagnetic.
- This section is symmetrical with respect to a direction chosen conventionally as the vertical direction represented by the plane PV.
- This cell has an outer envelope which is impermeable to the ionized fluid to be treated and electrically insulating.
- This outer envelope is extended inward by two parts of impermeable partition, located in the PV plane. These partition parts join the inner tube formed by a cationic partition 3 and an anionic partition 4 surrounding the concentration compartment 6. Between the outer wall and the concentration compartment, there is a cationic membrane 3 and an anionic membrane 4 delimiting on both sides the deionization compartment 5 here in two parts. In fact, these two parts of the deionization compartment are joined by passages in the parts of impermeable partitions in the PV plane.
- the deionization cell is a conduit placed in at least one magnetic or electric field or both at the same time.
- the Laplace force is perpendicular to the PV plane.
- the electric field is perpendicular to the PV plane and its vector is contained in the plane of Figure 3.
- the magnetic field B is parallel to the PV plane and perpendicular to the speed vector V; E is contained in the plane of figure 3. Under these conditions, the ions are subjected to a force resulting from the appEcation of the electric field E and the magnetic field B combined with the speed of displacement V of the Equide according to the relation of Lorentz :
- the quantities F, E, V, B are vectors, the operator *, the scalar product and the operator ⁇ that of the vector product.
- the electric field E is chosen in a range between a naked value and a maximum value.
- the magnetic field B can be zero or have a fixed or variable value.
- the speed V of the Equide is, in principle, not bare. In fact :, the speed of the Equide is a speed relative to the magnetic field.
- the Laplace force F is perpendicular to the surface of the membranes. The sign of the force vector F depends on the electric charge.
- This force is opposite for positive or negative ions of the same charge, found in the same conditions in the cell.
- the migration of the charges (+) and (-) which represent the ions in FIG. 3 is done through the membranes 3, 4, as indicated by arrows.
- the positive and negative ions leave the deionization compartment 5 respectively through the walls 3, 4 to arrive in the cationic compartment and the anionic compartment. They also pass through the membranes 3 and 4 of the internal tube to reach the concentration compartment 6.
- the electric field appEqué to the deionization cell is supplied by a capacitor with two plates appEquées against the sides of the cell.
- the electrodes which apply the electric field are placed outside compartments 1 and 2 without being in contact with the Equide.
- the magnetic field B is generated either by a permanent magnet applied to the upper or lower part or two magnets placed respectively on each of these two faces.
- This field can: also be generated by an electromagnet.
- the field is fixed or of variable intensity but given direction and direction corresponding to the arrow F of FIG. 3 or 4.
- the invention determines by practical considerations of technical implementation constitutes a cell of deionization.
- the compartments are supplied in paraEele with the solution to be deionized.
- the deionized solution having circulated in the deionization compartments communicating with each other is collected, and the concentrated solution having circulated in the concentration compartments communicating with each other; the anode and cationic compartments are also combined with the concentration compartments.
- the magnetic field is set in motion without any moving part using the rotating magnetic field resulting from the vector combination alternating magnetic fields similar to those produced by the electromagnets constituting the stator of an asynchronous motor supplied with di, tri or polyphase current.
- For f 500,000 Hz, this speed becomes 30,000 m / s.
- FIG. 4A shows a cell and FIG. 4B, its moderation by electrical circuit elements.
- the stream of ionized fluid subjected to a transverse Laplace force is the equivalent of a capacitor 8.
- an element of vein length of ionized fluid circulating in a This electrodialysis cell is represented as the placing in series of resistors and capacitors having leakage resistors.
- the electrodialysis cell is entirely demarcated by a wall totally impermeable to the fluid, electrically insulating and of course non-ferromagnetic to allow the passage of the magnetic field. Under the action of the Laplace force transverse to the fluid vein, the ions acquire a transverse displacement component.
- the portion of vein length considered is then a charged capacitor. There is no longer a volume charge between the charged walls of this capacitor.
- the capacitors representing the membranes are temporarily charged during the circulation of the current letting pass either the cations for the permeable membranes cations, i.e. anions for anion-permeable membranes, which characterizes their leakage resistance.
- Figure 5A is a schematic view of a deionization device, the first element, cut along the Egne AA of Figure 5, is shown in Figure 4A;
- Figure 5B is a sectional view along BB of Figure 5A.
- the membranes selectively permeable to ions no longer play any role after this length and can therefore be replaced by fully insulating membranes without leakage current 7.
- the invention then considers two phenomena: - First, an edge effect.
- the still volumetric charges retain their transverse component of displacement due to the Laplace force and their longitudinal component in the direction of movement of the fluid and are deposited on the internal surface of the wall of the vein beyond the transition Egne. It follows that the density of surface charges on the internal wall of the fluid stream is not homogeneous and that this edge effect will be all the more important as the speed réeEe of circulation of the fluid will be great.
- perfectly insulating membranes have a dielectric constant ( ⁇ i) different from that of membranes selectively permeable to ions.
- the capacity of a vein element containing the insulating membranes varies by (dC).
- the electrical potential following a generator paraEdespite the axis of the vein of ionized fluid is constant.
- the whole of this structure according to FIG. 5A composed of the successions of three elements forming a deionization cell is moded with electrical components (fig. 6).
- the circuit components are shown by their usual symbols without using special references to designate them.
- the first section Tl moderating the first element of the cell corresponds to a voltage generator supplying the armatures of a capacitor through a charge impedance composed of resistors and capacitors with leakage resistance in series.
- the second section T2 moderating the second element of the cell corresponds to a capacitor without leakage resistance, the armatures of which are connected to that of the previous capacitor by resistances.
- the third section T3 moderating the third element of the cell corresponds to a load resistor in which the electric generator constituting the first section is supplied.
- the next identical cell is reEected by diodes (the ionized fluid carrying the charges circulating in only one direction) to the previous cell.
- the downstream cell does not act electrically on the upstream cell.
- the current flows continuously in the circuit of each cell according to Kirchhoff's laws.
- the capacitors, with or without leakage resistance, are only useful in transitional regime considerations (appEcation, suppression of the Laplace force).
- FIG. 7 schematically shows a deionization device of heEcoidal shape and FIG. 8, a section of a teEe heecoidal structure.
- the external wall of the compartment accumulating the cations is found next to the external wall of the compartment accumulating the anions, these two walls are reEe, having the potential difference HaE, by an electrically conductive junction 11 crossing the walls to come into contact with the fluid 11, (FIG. 8) in order to neutralize this potential difference.
- Cations and anions exchange their electrical charges through the conductive junction and turn into gas or react with the fluid. It is then interesting to recover, periodically along the length of the vein, the products of these electiochemical reactions for the particular interest that Es can present, and to replace them with initial ionized fluid or concentrated fluid produced upstream to continue deionization and concentration in the other compartments.
- certain electrodialysis devices periodically reverse the direction of the current. The invention provides another solution.
- this electric field migrates the ions and allows their concentration in the concentration compartments and their elimination in the deionization compartments constituting the electrodialysis cell, this electric field is generated by a capacitor whose the plates 15 are located on either side of the ceEule and outside of this ceEe ci (fig.9).
- the system is then identical to that exposed previously and using the magnetic component (v ⁇ B) of the Lorentz equation as Laplace force generator on a charge q. It is a question of discharging the ends of the conductor so that a current can again circulate in this cell of electrodialysis without electrode.
- the technical solution represented in FIG. 10 uses the same references as above to designate the same means or equivalent means.
- the electrodialysis cell consists of three successive elements or portions Tl, T2, T3: the first element Tl has membranes 3, 4 selectively permeable to ions, the second element T2 has perfectly insulating membranes 7 and the third element T3 connects the concentration compartments and the extreme compartments with cationic and anionic charges.
- the discharge current has an important component in the direction of the displacement of the ionized fluid but preserves the transverse component due to the existence of the field E '.
- the excess charges dQ neutralize each other.
- the electrical resistance of this portion is significantly lower than the electrical resistance of the first portion. The discharge current is therefore greater there and the discharge time constant lower. 2 °) Modeling The device is moded as shown in figure 1 1. In this diagram, the components are represented by their usual symbols without particular references so as not to overload the figure.
- the longitudinal component, in the direction of movement of the fluid, of the discharge current is moded by diodes.
- the first element Tl of this electrodialysis cell corresponds to a voltage generator supplying the armatures of a capacitor through a charge impedance.
- An inverter 16 modulates the periodic supply at square voltage.
- the second element T2 corresponds to a capacitor without leakage resistance, the armatures of which are reEêed to that of the previous capacitor by resistors and diodes (the ionized fluid carrying the charges circulating in only one direction).
- the third element T3 corresponds to a low load resistance in the lacquer which supplies the electric generator constituting the first element.
- the system with square periodic voltage, behaves like an ion pump.
- the invention considers the use of a conventional electrodialysis cell, with electrodes (cathode 21, anode 22) immersed in compartments 1, 2 cathodic and anodic, but aEmented in pulsed voltage of square shape U (t).
- FIG. 13 represents the square voltage (17) applied to the electrodes 21, 22.
- the charging current along the curve (18) of the electrodes 21, 22 is delivered into the electrodialysis cell.
- the permanent electrodialysis current in non-pulsed mode is represented by curve 19.
- the discharge current of the electrodes is given by curve 20.
- the emulsion of the divalent cations is then selective in time.
- the divalent cations are removed first, the monovalent cations are then removed (fig. 14).
- the electrodialysis is stopped as soon as the reduction in the concentration of divalent ions is sufficient, for the purpose of softening only, or continued until the deionization of the ionized fluid is complete.
- This embodiment replaces a conventional softener of the ion exchange resin type. It has the advantage of not requiring any regeneration of the membranes, of not rejecting any brine in the sewer and only consumes the minimum electrical energy necessary for the elimination of divalent ions.
- This mode of reacation finds its appEcations in all areas where a conventional softener must be used, but also in any appEcation of electrodialysis or upstream of appEcation of reverse osmosis where the risk of clogging of the membranes is important. All of these devices and modes of action relate to the deionization of an ionized fluid. Many other non-ionic substances may exist in this fluid and their elimination is advantageous to produce an ultra pure fluid.
- the invention considers in this case the treatment by reverse osmosis of the deionized fluid, supplied by these devices, which is then carried out under very low pressure. It is also advantageous to selectively recover the bases and the acids potentially contained in the extreme compartments of the deionization cells.
- the invention modifies the structure of the third element which then has four separate compartments: a concentrated fluid compartment bringing together all the concentration compartments of the second element, a partially deionized fluid compartment bringing together all the deionization compartments of the second element , a com.partim.ent containing the excess cations and a compartment containing the excess anions.
- These last two compartments have a difference in electrical potential, due to the presence of excess charges, which can be used as a source of electricity by immersing electrodes in these compartments.
- these electrodes debit a current in any electrical circuit reEant them, the electxochemical reactions of electrodes occur, the cathode giving up to cations the electrons that the anode takes from the anions.
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---|---|---|---|
EP04816232A EP1663874A1 (fr) | 2003-09-23 | 2004-09-23 | Dispositif de desionisation de solutions salines |
US10/572,041 US20070034514A1 (en) | 2003-09-23 | 2004-09-23 | Device for deionizing saline solutions |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0311128A FR2859990A1 (fr) | 2003-09-23 | 2003-09-23 | Dispositif de desionisation de solutions salines |
FR0311128 | 2003-09-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2005030650A1 true WO2005030650A1 (fr) | 2005-04-07 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2004/050456 WO2005030650A1 (fr) | 2003-09-23 | 2004-09-23 | Dispositif de desionisation de solutions salines |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20070034514A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1663874A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2859990A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2005030650A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102066268B (zh) * | 2008-06-24 | 2013-05-08 | 苏特沃克技术有限公司 | 用浓度差能使盐水脱盐的方法、装置和设备 |
US20110281139A1 (en) * | 2009-01-23 | 2011-11-17 | Tsinghua University | Wastewater Treatment Process and Device for Electricity Generation and Desalination Simultaneously |
WO2010115287A1 (fr) * | 2009-04-09 | 2010-10-14 | Saltworks Technologies Inc. | Procédé et système de dessalement d'eau salée à l'aide d'une énergie de différence de concentration |
US20100270158A1 (en) * | 2009-04-22 | 2010-10-28 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Desalination devices and methods |
US10320312B2 (en) | 2012-07-06 | 2019-06-11 | Richard Banduric | Complex electric fields and static electric fields to effect motion with conduction currents and magnetic materials |
US10084395B2 (en) | 2012-07-06 | 2018-09-25 | Richard Banduric | Complex electric fields and static electric fields to effect motion with conduction currents |
US9337752B2 (en) | 2012-07-06 | 2016-05-10 | Richard Banduric | Interacting complex electric fields and static electric fields to effect motion |
US9546426B2 (en) | 2013-03-07 | 2017-01-17 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Methods for hydrogen gas production |
CN117558379B (zh) * | 2024-01-08 | 2024-03-26 | 武汉工程大学 | 正渗透膜的膜污染表征方法、装置、系统和电子设备 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE901440A (nl) * | 1985-01-04 | 1985-05-02 | Van Den Bogaert Joannes | Werkwijze en apparaat voor het verwijderen van ionen uit vloeibare media. |
DE19609384A1 (de) * | 1996-03-04 | 1996-09-12 | Manfred Langer | Meerwasserentsalzungsanlage |
WO2003048050A1 (fr) * | 2001-12-05 | 2003-06-12 | Sciperio, Inc | Production d'eau potable par separation ionique et desionisation |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3207684A (en) * | 1964-12-17 | 1965-09-21 | Jr Walter M Dotts | Method for changing the distribution of ions in a solution of an electrolyte |
DE1811114A1 (de) * | 1968-11-27 | 1970-06-18 | Rudolf Koch | Verfahren zum Entsalzen von Meerwasser |
DE3031673A1 (de) * | 1980-08-22 | 1982-04-01 | Dieter Dipl.-Phys. 7016 Gerlingen Karr | Anlage zur meerwasserentsalzung und ionenanreicherung |
DE3521109A1 (de) * | 1985-06-12 | 1986-12-18 | INTERATOM GmbH, 5060 Bergisch Gladbach | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur galvanomagnetischen entfernung von ionen aus einer fluessigkeit |
JP4778664B2 (ja) * | 2000-08-11 | 2011-09-21 | ジーイー・アイオニクス・インコーポレイテッド | 電気透析用の装置および方法 |
-
2003
- 2003-09-23 FR FR0311128A patent/FR2859990A1/fr active Pending
-
2004
- 2004-09-23 EP EP04816232A patent/EP1663874A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-09-23 WO PCT/FR2004/050456 patent/WO2005030650A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2004-09-23 US US10/572,041 patent/US20070034514A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE901440A (nl) * | 1985-01-04 | 1985-05-02 | Van Den Bogaert Joannes | Werkwijze en apparaat voor het verwijderen van ionen uit vloeibare media. |
DE19609384A1 (de) * | 1996-03-04 | 1996-09-12 | Manfred Langer | Meerwasserentsalzungsanlage |
WO2003048050A1 (fr) * | 2001-12-05 | 2003-06-12 | Sciperio, Inc | Production d'eau potable par separation ionique et desionisation |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
SCHÄFER W: "LABORATORY RESEARCH ON DESALINATION IN A MAGNETIC FIELD USING PERMSELECTIVE MEMBRANES", DESALINATION, vol. 3, no. 2, 1976, pages 174 - 182, XP002313240 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1663874A1 (fr) | 2006-06-07 |
FR2859990A1 (fr) | 2005-03-25 |
US20070034514A1 (en) | 2007-02-15 |
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