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  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C309/00—Sulfonic acids; Halides, esters, or anhydrides thereof
  • C07C309/63—Esters of sulfonic acids
  • C07C309/64—Esters of sulfonic acids having sulfur atoms of esterified sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C309/65—Esters of sulfonic acids having sulfur atoms of esterified sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a saturated carbon skeleton
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
  • A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
  • A61P31/20—Antivirals for DNA viruses
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C257/00—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, the doubly-bound oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a doubly-bound nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom not being further bound to an oxygen atom, e.g. imino-ethers, amidines
  • C07C257/10—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, the doubly-bound oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a doubly-bound nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom not being further bound to an oxygen atom, e.g. imino-ethers, amidines with replacement of the other oxygen atom of the carboxyl group by nitrogen atoms, e.g. amidines
  • C07C257/14—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, the doubly-bound oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a doubly-bound nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom not being further bound to an oxygen atom, e.g. imino-ethers, amidines with replacement of the other oxygen atom of the carboxyl group by nitrogen atoms, e.g. amidines having carbon atoms of amidino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D211/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D211/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D211/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by nitrogen atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D233/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
  • C07D233/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D233/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to ring carbon atoms with alkyl radicals, containing more than four carbon atoms, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D233/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to ring carbon atoms with alkyl radicals, containing more than four carbon atoms, directly attached to ring carbon atoms with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to ring nitrogen atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D273/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D261/00 - C07D271/00
  • C07D273/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D261/00 - C07D271/00 having two nitrogen atoms and only one oxygen atom
  • C07D273/04—Six-membered rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D333/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D333/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
  • C07D333/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom
  • C07D333/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
  • C07D333/24—Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals

Definitions

• the present invention relates to amidines and derivatives thereof and to pharmaceutical compositions containing them, which are used in the prevention and treatment of tissue damage due to the exacerbated recruitment of polymorphonucleated neutrophils (PMN leukocytes) at mflarnmation sites.
• PMN leukocytes polymorphonucleated neutrophils
• Particular blood cells macrophages, granulocytes, neutrophils, polymorphonucleated
• chemokines when stimulated by substances called chemokines
• the main known stimulating agents or chemokines are represented by the breakdown products of complement C5a, some N-formyl peptides generated from lysis of the bacterial surface or peptides of synthetic origin, such as formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f-MLP) and mainly by a variety of cytokines, mcluding terleukin-8 (IL-8, also referred to as CXCL8).
• erleukin- 8 is an endogenous chemotactic factor produced by most nucleated cells such as fibroblasts and macrophages.
• IL-8 The biological activity of IL-8 is mediated by the interaction of the interleukin with CXCR1 and CXCR2 membrane receptors which belong to the family of seven transmembrane receptors, expressed on the surface of human neutrophils and of certain types of T-cells (L. Xu et al., J. Leukocyte BioL, 57, 335, 1995).
• Selective ligand are known which can distinguish between CXCR1 and CXCR2: GRO- ⁇ is an example of a CXCR2 selective chemotactic factor.
• CXCR1 activation is known to play a crucial role in IL-8-mediated chemotaxis
• CXCR2 activation could play a pathophysiological role in cronic mflarnmatory diseases such as psoriasis.
• the pathophysiological role of IL-8 in psoriasis is also supported by the effects of IL-8 on keratinocyte functions.
• IL-8 has been shown to be a potent stimulator of epidermal cell proliferation as well as angiogenesis, both important aspects of psoriatic pathogenesis (A. Tuschil et al. J Invest Dermatol, 99, 294, 1992; Koch AE et al, Science, 258, 1798, 1992).
• IL-8 has been shown to be a potent stimulator of epidermal cell proliferation as well as angiogenesis, both important aspects of psoriatic pathogenesis (A. Tuschil et al. J Invest Dermatol, 99, 294, 1992; Koch AE et al, Science, 258, 1798, 1992).
• CXCR2 activation L.R. Bryan et al., Am J Surg, 174, 507, 1997.
• the cyclo- oxygenase enzyme (COX) inhibition activity typical of NSAIDs limits the therapeutical application of these compounds in the context of the treatment of neutrophil-dependent pathological states and inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, acute respiratory failure, damages from reperfusion and glomeralonephritis.
• the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis deriving from the action on cyclo-oxygenase enzymes involves the increase of the cytokine production which, like TNF- ⁇ , play a role in amplifying the undesired pro-inflammatory effects of neutrophils.
• Novel classes of potent and selective inhibitors of IL-8 biological activities suitable for "in vivo" actoiinistration.
• R-2-arylpropionic acid amides and N-acylsulfonamides have been described as effective inhibitors of IL-8 induced neutrophils chemotaxis and degranulation (WO 01/58852; WO 00/24710). Furthermore, novel R and S-2-phenylpropionic acids have been recently described as potent IL-8 inhibitors completely lacking the undesired COX inhibitory effect has been described in WO 03/043625. Detailed description of the invention
• amidines and derivatives thereof show the ability to effectively inhibit IL-8 induced neutrophils chemotaxis and degranulation.
• the present invention thus provides amidines and derivatives thereof of formula (I):
• Ar is a phenyl group non-substituted or substituted by one or more groups independently selected from halogen, C ⁇ -C -alkyl, CrQ-alkoxy, hydroxy, d-d-acyloxy, phenoxy, cyano, nitro, a ino, C ⁇ -C -acylamino, halogen-d-Cs-alkyl, halogen C ⁇ -C 3 -alkoxy, benzoyl or a substituted or unsubstituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring selected from pyridine, pyrrole, tiofene, furane, indole.
• R is selected from
• n is an integer from 0 to 5 and each Ra and Rb, which may be the same or different, are C ⁇ -C 6 -alkyl, Ci-C ⁇ -alkenyl or, alternatively, Ra and Rb, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form a heterocycle from 3 to 7 members of formula (II)
• W represents a single bond, O, S, N-Rc, Re being H, Ci-Ce-alkyl or Ci-C ⁇ - alkylphenyl, n is an integer from 0 to 4.
• R' is H, CH 3 ,CH 2 CH 3 .
• R and R' can alternatively, form a heterocycle from 5 to 7 members of formula (III)
• R is C1-C 5 alkyl, such alkyl group can be optionally interrupted by an heteroatom such as oxygen or sulfur.
• R can be a residue of formula -CH 2 -CH 2 -Z-CH 2 -CH 2 OR" wherein R" is H or Ci-Cs-alkyl.
• a group in the 3 (meta) position selected from a linear or branched -C5 alkyl, C 2 -C 5 - alkenyl or C 2 -C 5 -alkynyl group, substituted or not-substituted phenyl, linear or branched Ci- C 5 hydroxyalkyl, C 2 -C 5 -acyl, substituted or not-substituted benzoyl;
• Ci-Cs-acylamino substituted or not-substituted benzoylamino, Cr- C5-sulfonyloxy, substituted or not-substituted benzenesulfonyloxy, C1-C5- a&anesulfonylaniino, substituted or not-substituted benzenesulfonylamino, -Cs- alkanesulfonylmethyl, substituted or not-substituted benzenesulfonylmethyl, 2-furyl; 3- tetiahydrofuryl; 2 thiophenyl; 2-tetrahydrothiophenyl groups or a Ci-C ⁇ (alkano
• - H C1-C5 alkyl, C ⁇ -C 5 - ⁇ henylalkyl; - a residue of formula -(CH2)n-NRaRb wherein n is an integer from 2 to 3, more preferably 3, and the group NRaRb is N,N-dU ⁇ emylamine, N,N-diemylamine, 1-piperidyl, 4-morpholyl, 1-pyrrolidyl, 1-piperazinyl, l-(4-methyl)piperazinyl;
• the group NRaRb is N,N-dnnethylamine or 1-piperidyl.
• Preferred R' group is H; when R and R' form a heterocycle of formula (III) X preferably represents a residue -O(CH 2 )n- wherein n is the integer 1 or 2, or a residue -(CH 2 ) 2 .
• the compounds of the invention of formula (I) are generally isolated in the form of their addition salts with both organic and inorganic pharmaceutically acceptable acids.
• acids are selected from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, metansolfonic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid.
• Compounds of formula (I) are obtained by treatment of corresponding nitrile derivatives of formula (IV),
• X has the same meaning as defined above, with a suitable catalyst such as A1(CH 3 ) 3 .
• compounds of formula (I), wherein R and R' groups form an heterocycle of formula (III) are obtained by direct reaction of anndines of formula (I) wherein R' is H and R is H or OH, with a reagent of formula L-K-L', in the presence of a base, wherein L and L' are common leaving groups such as halogens, mesylate, etc, and, when R and R' are both H, K represents a residue -(CH 2 )n-, wherein n is an integer from 2 to 4; when R is OH and R' is H, K represents a residue -(CH 2 )n-, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 3.
• the compounds of the invention of formula (I) were evaluated in vitro for their ability to inhibit chemotaxis of polymorphonucleate leukocytes (hereinafter referred to as PMNs) and monocytes induced by the fractions of IL-8 and GRO- ⁇ .
• PMNs polymorphonucleate leukocytes
• monocytes induced by the fractions of IL-8 and GRO- ⁇ chemotaxis of polymorphonucleate leukocytes
• monocytes induced by the fractions of IL-8 and GRO- ⁇ .
• mononucleates were removed by means of sedimentation on dextran (according to the procedure disclosed by W.J. Ming et al., J. linmunol., 138, 1469, 1987) and red blood cells by a hypotonic solution.
• the cell vitality was calculated by exclusion with Trypan blue, whilst the ratio of the circulating polymorphonucleates was estimated on the cytocentrif ⁇ gate after st ⁇ ining with Diff Quick.
• Human recombinant IL-8 (Pepro Tech) was used as stimulating agents in the chemotaxis experiments, giving practically identical results: the lyophilized protein was dissolved in a volume of HBSS contairiing 0.2% bovin serum albumin (BSA) so thus to obtain a stock solution having a concentration of 10 "5 M to be diluted in HBSS to a concentration of 10 "9 M, for the chemotaxis assays.
• BSA bovin serum albumin
• Particularly preferred compounds of the invention are compounds of Formula I in which Ar groups are 3'-benzoylphenyl, 3'-(4-chloro-benzoyl)-phenyl, 3'-(4-methyl-benzoyl)-phenyl, 3'- acetyl-phenyl, 3'-propionyl-phenyl, 3'-isobutanoyl-phenyl, 4'-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy- phenyl, 4'-benzenesulfonyloxy-phenyl, 4'-1rifluoromethanesdfonylamino-phenyl, 4'- benzenesulfonylamino-phenyl, 4'-benzenesulfonylmethyl-phenyl, 4'-acetoxyphenyl, 4'- propionyloxy-phenyl, 4'-benzoyloxy-phenyl, 4'acetylamino-pheny
• the dual inhibitors of the IL-8 and GRO- ⁇ induced biological activities are strongly preferred in view of the therapeutical applications of interest, but the described compounds selectively acting on CXCR1 IL-8 receptor or CXCR2 GRO- ⁇ /TL-8 receptor can find useful therapeutical applications in the management of specific pathologies as below described.
• the compounds of formula I evaluated ex vivo in the blood in toto according to the procedure disclosed by Patrignani et al., in J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther., 271, 1705, 1994, were found to be totally ineffective as inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes.
• the compounds of formula (I) do not interfere with the production of PGE 2 induced in murine macrophages by lipopolysaccharides stimulation (LPS, 1 ⁇ g/mL) at a concentration ranging between 10 "5 and 10 "7 M. Inhibition of the production of PGE 2 which may be recorded, is mostly at the limit of statistical significance, and more often is below 15-20% of the basal value.
• the reduced effectiveness in the inhibition of the CO constitutes an advantage for the therapeutical application of compounds of the invention in as much as the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis constitutes a stimulus for the macrophage cells to amplify synthesis of TNF- ⁇ (induced by LPS or hydrogen peroxide) that is an important mediator of the neutrophilic activation and stimulus for the production of the cytokine Interleukin-8.
• TNF- ⁇ induced by LPS or hydrogen peroxide
• the compounds of the invention are particularly useful in the treatment of a disease such as psoriasis (R. J. Nicholoff et al., Am. J.
• Inhibitors of CXCR1 and CXCR2 activation find useful applications, as above detailed, particularly in treatment of chronic mflammatory pathologies (e.g. psoriasis) in which the activation of both IL-8 receptors is supposed to play a crucial pathophysiological role in the development of the disease.
• chronic mflammatory pathologies e.g. psoriasis
• IL-8 receptors e.g. psoriasis
• CXCR1 activation of CXCR1 is known to be essential in IL-8-mediated PMN chemotaxis (Hammond M et al, J Immunol, 155, 1428, 1995).
• CXCR2 activation is supposed to be essential in IL-8-mediated epidermal cell proHferation and angiogenesis of psoriatic patients (Kulke R et al., J Invest Dermatol, 110, 90, 1998).
• CXCR2 selective antagonists find particularly useful therapeutic applications in the management of important pulmonary diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD (D. WP Hay and H.M. Sarau., Current Opinion in Pharmacology 2001, 1:242-247).
• COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of the invention and a suitable carrier thereof, are also within the scope of the present invention.
• compositions and unit dosages thereof may, in fact, be placed into the form of pharmaceutical compositions and unit dosages thereof, and in such form may be employed as solids, such as tablets or filled capsules, or liquids such as solutions, suspensions, emulsions, elixirs, or capsules filled with the same, all for oral use, or in the form of sterile injectable solutions for parenteral (including subcutaneous) use.
• Such pharmaceutical compositions and unit dosage forms thereof may comprise ingredients in conventional proportions, with or without additional active compounds or principles, and such unit dosage forms may contain any suitable effective amount of the active ingredient commensurate with the intended daily dosage range to be employed.
• the arnidines of this invention are typically achninistered in the form of a pharmaceutical composition.
• Such compositions can be prepared in a manner well known in the pharmaceutical art and comprise at least one active compound.
• the compounds of this invention are administered in a pharmaceutically effective amount.
• the amount of the compound actually administered will typically be determined on the basis of relevant circumstances including the condition to be treated, the chosen route of administration, the actual compound administered, the age, weight, and response of the individual patient, the severity of the patient's symptoms, and the like.
• the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention can be administered by a variety of routes including oral, rectal, transdermaldermal, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, and intranasal.
• the compounds are preferably formulated as either injectable or oral compositions.
• the compositions for oral administration can take the form of bulk liquid solutions or suspensions, or bulk powders. More commonly, however, the compositions are presented in unit dosage forms to facilitate accurate dosing.
• the term ''unit dosage forms refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages for human subjects and other mammals, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active material calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect, in association with a suitable pharmaceutical excipient.
• Typical unit dosage forms include prefilled, premeasured ampoules or syringes of the liquid compositions or pills, tablets, capsules or the like in the case of solid compositions.
• the acid compound is usually a minor component (from about 0.1 to about 50% by weight or preferably from about 1 to about 40% by weight) with the remainder being various vehicles or carriers and processing aids helpful for forming the desired dosing form.
• Liquid forms suitable for oral acmiinistration may include a suitable aqueous or nonaqueous vehicle with buffers, suspending and dispensing agents, colorants, flavors and the like.Liquid forms, including the injectable compositions described herebelow, are always stored in the absence of light, so as to avoid any catalytic effect of light, such as hydroperoxide or peroxide formation.
• Solid forms may include, for example, any of the following ingredients, or compounds of a similar nature: a binder such as microcrystalline cellulose, gum tragacanth or gelatine; an excipient such as starch or lactose, a disintegrating agent such as alginic acid, Primogel, or corn starch; a lubricant such as magnesium stearate; a glidant such as colloidal silicon dioxide; a sweetening agent such as sucrose or saccharin; or a flavoring agent such as peppermint, methyl salicylate, or orange flavoring.
• a binder such as microcrystalline cellulose, gum tragacanth or gelatine
• an excipient such as starch or lactose, a disintegrating agent such as alginic acid, Primogel, or corn starch
• a lubricant such as magnesium stearate
• a glidant such as colloidal silicon dioxide
• a sweetening agent such as sucrose or saccharin
• Injectable compositions are typically based upon injectable sterile saline or phosphate-buffered saline or other injectable carriers known in the art.
• the acid derivative of formula I in such compositions is typically a minor component, frequently ranging between 0.05 to 10% by weight with the remainder being the injectable carrier and the like.
• the mean daily dosage will depend upon various factors, such as the seriousness of the disease and the conditions of the patient (age, sex and weight). The dose will generally vary from 1 mg or a few mg up to 1500 mg of the compounds of formula (I) per day, optionally divided into multiple achninistrations. Higher dosages may be administered also thanks to the low toxicity of the compounds of the invention over long periods of time.
• the compounds of the invention can also be administered in sustained release forms or from sustained release drug delivery systems.
• sustained release materials can also be found in the incorporated materials in the Remington's Handbook as above.
• the present invention shall be illustrated by means of the following examples which are not construed to be viewed as limiting the scope of the invention.
• THF tettahydrofuran
• DMF (h ⁇ ethylformamide
• AcOEt ethyl acetate.
• AMBERLLTE IRA-910 resin Corresponding (L) and (D) tartrate salts have been prepared by treatment of (R,S) (2-(4- isobutylphenyl)propionanndine with (L) and (D) tartrate in methanol. Optically pure (+) and (-)
• the free bases have been obtained by treatment of the tartrate salt with strongly basic AMBERL ⁇ ERA-910 resin.
• 4-isobutyl- ⁇ -methylphenylacetamide (1 g; 4.9 mmol), prepared according the procedure described in WO 00/24710, is dissolved in dry dichloromethane (10 mL) under inert atmosphere at r.t and treated with triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate (1.0 M in CH 2 C1 2 , 5 mL, 5 mmol). The resulting solution is left stirring overnight at r.t. After solvent evaporation under reduced pressure, the crude intermediate is diluted in diethyl ether (5 mL) at r.t. and under inert atmosphere and treated with 3-(dimethylam o)propylamine (0.61 mL, 4.9 mmol).
• Example 6 Ol.S) 2-ri-r4-isobutylphenyl)ethyll-4,5-d vdro-2H-1.3.imidazole) (R,S)-2-[(4-isobutyl)phenyl]-propionanjidine hydrochloride (100 mg, 0.49 mmol, preparation described in Example la) were suspended in 25 mL dry chloroform at room temperature under inert atmosphere, then treated with a large excess (10-50 eq) of tButOK. To the suspension 0.59 mmol) 1,2-dichloroethane (58 mg; 20% excess) was added. The suspension was then refluxed for 24 hour.

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• 2004
  • 2004-09-16 EP EP04787150A patent/EP1663960B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2004-09-16 AT AT04787150T patent/ATE521589T1/de active
  • 2004-09-16 JP JP2006527406A patent/JP4795242B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2004-09-16 PT PT04787150T patent/PT1663960E/pt unknown
  • 2004-09-16 AU AU2004274183A patent/AU2004274183B8/en not_active Ceased
  • 2004-09-16 ES ES04787150T patent/ES2371467T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2004-09-16 CA CA2539842A patent/CA2539842C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2004-09-16 US US10/568,760 patent/US7674806B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2004-09-16 RU RU2006113947/04A patent/RU2375346C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2004-09-16 WO PCT/EP2004/052201 patent/WO2005028425A2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2004-09-16 CN CNA2004800334914A patent/CN1882530A/zh active Pending
• 2006
  • 2006-04-19 NO NO20061721A patent/NO336732B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation

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