WO2005020679A1 - 凍結精子幹細胞由来の子孫を作成する方法 - Google Patents
凍結精子幹細胞由来の子孫を作成する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005020679A1 WO2005020679A1 PCT/JP2004/012177 JP2004012177W WO2005020679A1 WO 2005020679 A1 WO2005020679 A1 WO 2005020679A1 JP 2004012177 W JP2004012177 W JP 2004012177W WO 2005020679 A1 WO2005020679 A1 WO 2005020679A1
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- cells
- testis
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- sperm
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/027—New or modified breeds of vertebrates
- A01K67/0271—Chimeric vertebrates, e.g. comprising exogenous cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
- C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
- C12N5/0608—Germ cells
- C12N5/061—Sperm cells, spermatogonia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2227/00—Animals characterised by species
- A01K2227/10—Mammal
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2227/00—Animals characterised by species
- A01K2227/10—Mammal
- A01K2227/105—Murine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2227/00—Animals characterised by species
- A01K2227/30—Bird
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2227/00—Animals characterised by species
- A01K2227/40—Fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2227/00—Animals characterised by species
- A01K2227/50—Amphibians, e.g. Xenopus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2267/00—Animals characterised by purpose
- A01K2267/02—Animal zootechnically ameliorated
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a reproductive technique, and more particularly, to a method for producing a progeny derived from a frozen sperm stem cell of an animal.
- cryopreserved spermatozoa are available for treatment of reproductive abnormalities in vertebrates including humans, production of livestock, etc., and maintenance of species.
- Embryo and sperm freezing methods are used for preserving strains of livestock such as cattle.
- spermatozoa frozen in liquid nitrogen, thawed, subjected to artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization, transplanted the resulting egg cells into the oviduct of a pseudopregnant foster parent, and bred the transplanted animal for the desired purpose.
- sperm preservation methods vary significantly between species, and general methods have not been established. For example, spermatozoa of C57BL / 6 (B6) mice used in experiments are in a state where there is no effective sperm freezing method.
- the storage of spermatozoa requires the supply of liquid nitrogen, so long-term storage is costly, and special consideration must be given to packaging for its transportation.
- fertilization requires a certain amount of sperm, but cryopreserved spermatozoa cannot be increased in vitro, and a large amount must be collected and cryopreserved.
- spermatogenesis in animals usually involves the testis or its equivalent in adult humans
- Reproductive stem cells eg, spermatogonia
- sperm stem cells spermatogonia
- sperm stem cells become spermatocytes
- sperm cells are formed by meiosis
- these sperm cells change morphologically to become spermatozoa.
- the reproductive stem cells will be described as sperm stem cells.
- sperm stem cells are stable against freezing and thawing and can be easily propagated in vitro (Japanese Patent Application No. 2003-110821), as well as radioactivity and temperature. Extremely high stability against storage, transportation, etc. In other words, sperm stem cells can be used to collect spermatozoa without spermatozoa, or to obtain individual strength with a small amount of sperm. Re has advantages. Therefore, if reproductive techniques to obtain sperm stem cell-derived individuals are established, there is a risk of infertility in breeding livestock, preserving rare animal species, and treating male infertility in humans, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. It is considered to be extremely useful for infertility recovery of certain patients. At present, it is known that spermatogonial stem cells can be cryopreserved while maintaining their spermatogenesis ability in almost the same manner across species such as hamsters, rats, monkeys, humans, mice and pigs.
- Non-Patent Document 1 A method for transplanting sperm stem cells was introduced by Brinster et al.
- This document describes a method of preparing a cell suspension containing germline stem cells from testis and injecting the suspension into seminiferous tubules.However, it describes the method of spermatogenesis from frozen sperm stem cells. , What? Have subsequently confirmed in vivo the ability of frozen sperm stem cells to form spermatozoa (Non-Patent Document 2). However, there are no reports that progeny derived from sperm generated from frozen sperm stem cells were obtained.
- sperm derived from spermatozoa were obtained by microinsemination using spermatozoa formed by transplanting cryopreserved testis fragments into the testis (Non-Patent Document 3), but testis fragments including supporting cells etc. This is an example of using.
- microinsemination is expensive and requires special techniques, so its application is limited. Therefore, there is a strong demand for the development of a method for obtaining sperm stem cell-derived offspring economically with good reproducibility.
- Patent Document 2 Avarbock, MR, Brinster, CJ and Brinster, RL Reconstitution of spermatogenesis from frozen spermatogonial stem cells.Nat.Med. (1996) 2, 693-696
- Non-Patent Document 3 Shinohara, T et al..Birth of offspring following transplantation of cryopreserved immature testicular pieces and in—vitro microinsemination.Hum.R stamp rod. (2002) 17, 3039-3045
- An object of the present invention is to establish a method for stably obtaining pups derived from sperm stem cells.
- the present inventors have found that spermatozoa derived from frozen sperm stem cells of a donor animal are formed in the testis of a male recipient to obtain a breeding individual, and the sperm stem cell derived from the donor animal is obtained by using the breeding individual. Succeeded in producing a pup, and completed the present invention.
- the present invention provides a male individual for reproduction by forming sperm in the reproductive organ of a male recipient animal using frozen sperm stem cells derived from a donor animal, and using the individual to obtain a sperm stem cell derived from a donor animal.
- the present invention provides a method for preparing an animal individual.
- a frozen sperm stem cell derived from a donor animal is transplanted into a reproductive organ of a male recipient animal, and sperm is formed in the testis of the recipient animal to obtain a male individual for reproduction.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing an animal individual derived from a sperm stem cell of a donor animal, wherein a fertilized egg is obtained by using a sperm derived therefrom and an animal individual is generated from the obtained fertilized egg.
- the donor and recipient male animals are vertebrates, invertebrates, and can be displaced.
- Vertebrate includes mammals, birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles.
- the vertebrates include humans, non-human primates, dogs, cats, goats, pigs, mice, rats, gerbils, hamsters, puppies, dermatomes, pests, hedges, pigs, And mammals selected from the group consisting of marine mammals, ducks, geese, turkeys, and chickens , Ostrich, emu, guinea fowl, wild nose, bird, and zizla.
- Invertebrates include, but are not limited to, horses, lobsters, abyss and crustaceans.
- the reproductive organ preferred by vertebrates is preferably the testis.
- the "frozen sperm stem cells” are frozen preparations containing sperm stem cells having spermatogenesis ability, and usually also include preparations after thawing. It is clear from the context whether it means frozen or thawed. In addition, in this specification, the “frozen sperm stem cells” after thawing are sometimes referred to as “frozen-thawed sperm stem cells”.
- Transplantation of frozen sperm stem cells into a male recipient animal can be performed by supplying a suspension of frozen sperm stem cells to the seminiferous tubules or testis plexi.
- Fertilized eggs using sperm produced by the recipient male animal can be produced by natural mating of the recipient male and female animals, artificial insemination by artificially injecting the spermatozoa into the female adult sexual tract, or the recipient male.
- In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer can be performed by artificially fertilizing the sperm of an animal and the egg of a female animal outside the body, allowing the fertilized egg to grow outside the body for a certain period of time, and then returning it to the uterus for implantation. it can.
- micro insemination may also be employed.
- male donor animals and recipient animals may be either mature or immature animals. However, to obtain offspring by natural mating, male recipient animals are preferably immature animals.
- the method of the present invention can be carried out according to the description in the present specification even when the donor and recipient animals are invertebrates.
- sperm stem cells collected at an appropriate time are cryopreserved, grown in a test tube as necessary, and further preserved. It can be used to create offspring at any time. Since sperm stem cells are also present in non-spermatogenous individuals, sperm stem cells are collected from immature individuals, stored and transplanted to other individuals of the same or the same species to form spermatozoa. Offspring derived from stem cells can be produced.
- the sperm stem cell-derived offspring can be created by collecting and storing the sperm stem cells in advance. .
- progeny derived from frozen stem cells can be obtained by natural breeding, progeny can be produced at low cost without the need for techniques and equipment required for microinsemination.
- FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the stem cell activity of fresh ROSA26 testis cells and frozen 'thawed ROSA26 testis cells after transplantation into infertile W recipient mice, wherein (a) shows fresh ROSA26 testis cells ( 3x105 cells; left), photographs showing the macroscopic state of W recipient testes after transplantation of frozen 'thawed ROSA26 testis cells (3x104 cells; right), (b) 2 months after transplantation of frozen' thawed stem cells 3 is a micrograph of a tissue section of a testis of a recipient.
- FIG. 2 shows the results of a fertility recovery experiment using frozen and thawed testis cells in infertile W mice.
- A Non-transplanted mice (left) and transplant recipients (male) on day 241 after frozen stem cell transplantation.
- No. 1156) (right) is a micrograph of the testis,
- (b) is a micrograph of a tissue section of a testis of a non-transplanted W mouse, and
- (c) is a microscope of a tissue section of a testis of a transplanted recipient.
- D is a photograph of a pup (white, mouse number 1156) from an infertile W recipient transplanted with testis cells derived from frozen and thawed testis-retained Green.
- FIG. 3 Photographs showing the state of donor testis cell colony formation in busulfan-treated mature recipient testis.
- A shows the state of macroscopic observation of a recipient testis transplanted with immature Green mouse testis cell nests.
- B is a micrograph of the testis tissue section of (a)
- (c) is a photograph of the epididymis of the testis described in (a).
- the collected sample When prepared from a mature donor, the content of germline stem cells, which are undifferentiated cells in the testis of an adult individual, is low. Therefore, the collected sample should be concentrated by a known method and then frozen. (Experimental Medical Supplement, supra). In the case of immature donors, since a large amount of sperm stem cells are present in the testes, the collected sample can be used as it is. For example, in the case of a mouse, it is convenient to prepare it from an immature individual about one week old. In addition, sperm stem cells can be expanded in vitro (Japanese Patent Application No. 2003-110821) and then frozen after increasing the number.
- frozen sperm stem cells obtained by any method can be used.
- the testes of a donor animal are removed or a part is collected, the white membrane is removed in a solvent (PBS: Phosphate-Buffered Saline), the cells are separated with collagenase, trypsin, and DNase, and the cells are separated into single cells.
- the resulting testis cells are suspended in a cell banker (Cellbanker; DIA_IATRON, Tokyo) containing dimethyl sulfoxide and fetal calf serum albumin, and suspended cells at a concentration of 5 x 106-107 / ml are placed in a 1.5 ml freezing tube. It can be obtained by dispensing at lm concentration and freezing at -80 ° C for 1 day. Store frozen sperm stem cells in liquid nitrogen at 196 ° C.
- Frozen sperm stem cells can be grown in a test tube during the storage period and frozen and stored again, and can be stored almost permanently. When used, it is thawed in a solvent according to a conventional method, and suspended to obtain a cell suspension.
- the method of thawing is not particularly limited, but, for example, in a constant temperature bath at 37 ° C, in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) containing 10% fetal calf serum, in DMEM / FCS. Can be. Specifically, a freezing tube is floated in a thermostat, and 10 ml of DMEM / FCS is dropped and thawed. After washing the cells by centrifugation, suspend them in DMEM / FCS and store on ice until transplantation.
- DMEM Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium
- the method of transplanting stem cells into the testis of a recipient using a sperm stem cell suspension is also optional, and a method known in the art can be employed.
- a method known in the art can be employed.
- the ability to inject directly into the seminiferous tubules by means of a microinjection, or the injection into the vas deferens by microinjection There is a method to enter the testis network. The latter is preferred.
- the transplanted sperm stem cells engraft in the tubule wall of the recipient's seminiferous tubules, divide and develop into sperm cells and spermatozoa via spermatocytes, migrate to the epididymis, and mature.
- a fertilized egg of sperm derived from a sperm stem cell formed in the testis of a recipient can be obtained by natural mating with a male animal, or by artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization * embryo transplantation according to a conventional method. Microinsemination can be used for in vitro fertilization. These methods are known in the art. Female animals having fertilized eggs are bred under appropriate conditions, and after a certain period of time, offspring from donor male animals are obtained.
- the donor male animal and the recipient male animal may be the same individual or different individuals.
- the sperm stem cell colony forming ability of frozen sperm stem cells prepared from donor mouse testis and fresh sperm stem cells was compared (quantitative experiment, first experiment), and then offspring derived from frozen sperm stem cells were prepared. (Second experiment).
- ROSA B6-TgR (ROSA26) 26Sor transgenic mouse (Jackson Institute, USA)
- Rosa26 mouse expresses E. coli LacZ gene in all spermatogenic cells in seminiferous tubules. Since donor testis cells transplanted into recipient mice produce / 3-galatatosidase, the substrate 5-bromo-4-cloth-3-indolinole i3-D-galactosidase (X-gal) In the presence, it shows a blue color (LacZ staining). The LacZ gene is expressed in all donor spermatogenic cells, and spermatogenesis from donor stem cells can be identified by LacZ staining with X-gal (blue). [0026] 2) Donor mouse (second experiment)
- GFP Green
- C57BL / 6 Tgl4 act_EGFP
- OsbY01 transgenic mouse Okabe, M., et al., (1997), FEBS Lett. 407, 313-319
- GFP spermatogonia and spermatocytes express enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), which expression decreases after meiosis. Therefore, it is possible to identify donor-derived sperm cells based on the fluorescence intensity.
- EGFP gene-positive colonies derived from donor testis cells were observed using a fluorescent stereo microscope (MZ FLIII, manufactured by Leica). In the experiment, transgene-positive male pups (pups, 6 days old) or adult mice (adults, 6-8 weeks old) were used. Donor testis cells were obtained from testes of 6-day-old green mice, testis of mature green mice 2-3 months after treatment of the testicles with stasis.
- B6 mice (busulfan treated or untreated): C57BL / 6 mice (6-12 weeks old) (Shizuoka Experimental Animal Center, designated as "Japan SLC")
- Busulfan treatment B6 mice were treated at 6 weeks of age with busulfan (44 mg / kg) injection to remove endogenous spermatogenic cells, and one month after transplantation. By destroying endogenous sperm stem cells by busulfan treatment, donor cell transplantation has become possible. This treatment mimics the side effects of anticancer drugs that occur in patients with malignant diseases.
- W mouse WBB6F1-W / Wv mouse (5-10 days old or 6-12 weeks old, Japan SLC)
- c-kit receptor-type tyrosine kinase
- the obtained cells were suspended in DMEM / FCS to obtain a cell suspension.
- testis cells made into single cells as described above are suspended in a cell banker (Cellbanker; DIA_IATRON, Tokyo) containing dimethylsulfoxide and fetal calf serum albumin, and a volume of 1.5 ml for freezing is stored. 1 ml of the cell suspension (cell density: 107 / ml) was dispensed into a tube and frozen at _80 ° C for 1 day. Frozen sperm stem cells were stored in liquid nitrogen at -196 ° C until use.
- a cell banker Cellbanker; DIA_IATRON, Tokyo
- the melting treatment was performed in principle according to the instructions of the supplier of the cell bunker. That is, a freezing tube was floated in a thermostat at 37 ° C., and 10 ml of DMEM (DMEM / FCS) containing 10% fetal bovine serum, which is a cell culture medium, was dropped and thawed. After washing the cells by centrifugation at 600 g ⁇ 5 minutes, they were resuspended in DMEM / FCS and stored on ice until transplantation.
- DMEM DMEM / FCS
- Transplantation was performed by microinjection of the donor testis cell suspension suspended in DMEM / FCS into the seminiferous tubules or vas deferens of recipient mice in the usual manner (Experimental Medicine separate volume “Stem cell clone, research protocol” See shrine).
- mice were transplanted into both testes under Avertin (640 mg / kg) anesthesia.
- transplantation was performed on only one testis by the hypothermia method under ice cooling. This is to avoid a decrease in postoperative survival rates due to prolonged hypothermia.
- Table 1 The contents of the experiment are summarized in Table 1 below.
- transplantation was performed at a cell concentration of 7.5x106-3xl07 / ml (suspended in DMEM / FCS) for the frozen cells of the donor, and at a concentration of 108 / ml for the fresh cells.
- a cell concentration of 7.5x106-3xl07 / ml (suspended in DMEM / FCS) for the frozen cells of the donor, and at a concentration of 108 / ml for the fresh cells.
- transplantation of frozen donor testis cells was performed at a concentration of 108 / ml (B6 mouse or mature W mouse) or 3xl07 / ml (suspended in DMEM / FCS).
- Histological examination of the testes of the recipient mice was performed visually or under a microscope. Inspection under a microscope was performed by the following method.
- Testis tissues were fixed using 10% neutral formalin, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned at intervals of 12 ⁇ . All sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Four sections were prepared from each testis. Individual slides were viewed at 400x magnification. In the second experiment, three slides were used to show the degree of spermatogenesis in the testis of the host, where spermatogenesis was observed (defined as multi-layered cells around the entire seminiferous tubule). And the number of those without spermatogenesis were recorded. At least 500 seminiferous tubules were counted and statistical processing was performed using Student's t-test.
- Microinsemination was performed by microscopically injecting donor sperm cells into the cytoplasm of eggs collected from a female mouse (C57BL / 6xDBA / 2F1) that induced superovulation (Kimura, Y. et al. 1995) Development 121, 2397-2405). Embryos that reached the 2-cell stage 24 hours later were implanted into the oviduct of pseudopregnant-treated female mice (ICR).
- Table I summarizes the procedures of the first experiment and the second experiment.
- the first experiment is a quantitative experiment to evaluate the effect of freezing on sperm stem cells
- the second experiment is an experiment for producing pups derived from frozen-thawed sperm stem cells.
- b ROSA26 maturation: 6-8 weeks, GFP maturation: 14-20 weeks, GFP immature: 6 days
- c W maturation: 6-12 weeks, B6 maturation: 10-12 weeks, W immature: 5 -10 days old
- the average recovery of viable cells relative to cells before freezing was 37.6 ⁇ 5.1% (mean ⁇ SEM; n 8).
- mice were implanted with 3 x 1 of a molten donor testis cell suspension (7.5 x 106-3xl07 / ml) or 3 ⁇ l of a fresh donor testis cell suspension (lxl 08 / ml).
- mice were bred for 2 months under the normal breeding conditions of the animals, the laparotomy was performed, and the testes of each animal were collected and stained with X-gal.
- the blue area (colonies) in the seminiferous tubules indicates the presence of sperm derived from a single transplanted sperm stem cell (Nagano, M et al. (1999) Biol.
- R mark rod. 60, 1429-1436 That is, other cells of the testis are unrelated to spermatogenesis, and the host's endogenous germ cells are stained with X-gal. Therefore, the number of blue colonies indicates the number of stem cells in the transplanted cell population.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram comparing the colony forming ability of fresh ROSA26 testis cells and frozen and thawed ROSA26 testis cells after transplantation into infertile W recipient mice.
- A is a photograph showing macroscopic observation of W recipient testis after transplantation of fresh ROSA26 testis cells (3x105 cells; left) and frozen'thawed ROSA26 testis cells (3x104 cells; right).
- Spermatogenesis from the donor is stained blue with X-gal, but is represented by gray to black spots in the attached figure la.
- Fig. La One spermatogenesis was observed in the testis on the left (fresh) and four spermatozoa were observed in the testis on the right (frozen). ing. Freezing despite low concentration • High sperm formation from donor testis cells derived from molten donor testis cells.
- B Freezing despite low concentration • High sperm formation from donor testis cells derived from molten donor testis cells.
- Injection volume 3 ⁇ l for testes of W mice, 10 ⁇ l for testes of 6 mice treated with busulfan
- Table II shows that in the case of W recipient mice, colonies derived from frozen 'thawed donor testis cells were 11.7 times (62.1: 5.3 colonies / 105 donor cells, ⁇ ⁇ 0.05) colonies derived from fresh donor testis cells. Show that there is. Similarly, in the case of busulfan-treated # 6 recipient mice, colonies derived from frozen and thawed donor testis cells are 5.1 times as high as those derived from fresh donor testis cells (high 0.01). The results shown in Table II and FIG. 1 indicate that frozen and thawed donor testis cells have higher spermatogenesis activity than fresh donor testis cells. These results also indicate that the method of the present invention enables the formation of a large amount of spermatozoa stably so that fertilization by natural mating is possible, and that the method of the present invention is suitable for practical use. .
- the above-mentioned transgenic mouse GFP (Green) was used as a donor.
- the freezing and thawing of the donor testis cells and the preparation of the donor testis cell suspension were carried out according to the method described in “(2) Donor cells (donor sperm stem cells)”.
- Sperm stem cells were obtained from 6-day-old mice (pups) or mature mice (adult, 6-8 weeks old) 2-3 months after the treatment of the testicles that were retained, and frozen.
- the spermatogonia and spermatocytes of this transgenic mouse have enhanced green It expresses fluorescent protein (EGFP) and its expression decreases after meiosis.
- EGFP fluorescent protein
- Donor testis cell suspension from mature GFP mice was microinjected into B6 mice (mature, busulfan-treated) and W mice (mature or immature) as described in Table 1. .
- a donor testis cell suspension derived from an immature GFP mouse was microinjected into a W mouse (immature). After transplantation of the donor testis cells, the recipient mice were bred under the normal breeding conditions for the animals. As a control, non-transplanted mice were bred under the same conditions.
- mice reared under the above rearing conditions were reared together with female B6 wild-type mice under the normal rearing conditions of these animals, spontaneously mated, and the development of offspring was examined. Mating was attempted after 2 weeks for mature mice and 6 weeks for immature mice.
- Recipient mice were bred under normal conditions, and 213 to 246 days after transplantation of the donor testis cells, the abdomen was opened, the testes of each animal were collected, and the transplantation efficiency of the donor testis cells was determined. Testicular sections were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and individual slides were observed using an upright microscope at a magnification of 400 times. To show the degree of spermatogenesis in the host testis, we show that spermatogenesis is observed (defined as multi-layered cells around the circumference of seminiferous tubules) and non-spermatogenesis. Was recorded from three slides. At least 500 tubules were scored. Statistical processing was performed by Student's t-test.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the results of a fertility recovery experiment using frozen and thawed testis cells in infertile W mice.
- A is a micrograph of the testis of a non-transplanted mouse (left) and the testis (right) of a transplant recipient (mouse number 1156) on day 241 after frozen sperm stem cell transplantation. It can be seen that the testes of the recipient are growing significantly larger than the non-transplanted mice.
- (B) is a micrograph of a tissue section of a testis of a non-transplanted W mouse.
- (c) is a micrograph of a tissue section of a testis of a transplanted recipient.
- the lumen is white and empty, and there is no sperm, but in (c), a large number of sperm indicated by black dots and dots are formed around the lumen, Power.
- Table IV provides detailed data for the five recipients that have restored fertility.
- Table III Spermatogenesis after transplantation of frozen 'thawed testis cells
- spermatogenesis Percentage of spermatogenesis in the recipient testis cross section (%). Those in which multiple layers of cells were observed over the entire circumference of the seminiferous tubules were judged as positive for spermatogenesis.
- N.D. means that measurement was not possible due to endogenous spermatogenesis.
- Table IV Offspring from W recipient mice microinjected with frozen and thawed stem cells
- transplantation was performed only in the right testis. In an adult recipient, transplantation was performed in both testes.
- N.D . Means that the transplant is reasonable, and that the measurement is reasonable.
- FIG. 3 is a photograph showing the state of donor testis cell colony formation in busulfan-treated mature recipient testis.
- A is a photograph showing macroscopic observation of a recipient testis transplanted with immature Green mouse testis cell nests. The green seminiferous tubules under UV indicate the presence of donor testis cell colony formation, which is represented in white-grey in the attached Figure 3a.
- the germ cells recovered in this manner were frozen again by the method described previously and stored until microinsemination before being used for microinsemination. After cryopreservation for 3 days, mature sperm or elongated sperm cells were injected into the ova (in the cytoplasm) of female mice C57BL / 6XDBA / 2F1 (B6D2F1). Eggs were collected from female mice that induced superovulation. Regardless of the male germ cells used, about 80% of the eggs reached the 2-cell stage within 24 hours. 101 diploid conjugates constructed by 80 sperm and 21 elongated sperm cells were transferred to oviducts. Of these, 68 (67%) were transplanted into the uterus, giving a total of 31 pups (31%). Donor origin was confirmed by fluorescence under ultraviolet light. The offspring were found to be fertile.
- spermatozoa can be formed in a mature or immature recipient to produce offspring by spontaneous mating, using sperm stem cells obtained from both immature and mature individuals as donor testis cells. It became clear that we could do that. In addition, it was found that immature recipients tend to be more successful in producing pups by natural mating than mature recipients.
- frozen sperm stem cells can be used instead of frozen sperm in vertebrate reproductive techniques, and complicated processing during freezing and preservation, and a decrease in the ability of thawed sperm to grow.
- various problems associated with sperm use such as difficulty in obtaining large amounts of sperm, will be resolved, opening the way to establishing more reliable and stable reproductive techniques.
- the method of the present invention not only maintains the lineage of domestic animals and experimental animals, but also protects rare animals, and further treats human patients secondary to infertility by treating innate infertility and malignant tumors. It is also useful.
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CA002536831A CA2536831A1 (en) | 2003-08-27 | 2004-08-25 | Method of constructing offspring originating from frozen sperm stem cell |
US10/569,609 US20070011756A1 (en) | 2003-08-27 | 2004-08-25 | Method of constructing offspring originating from frozen sperm stem cell |
AU2004267976A AU2004267976A1 (en) | 2003-08-27 | 2004-08-25 | Method of constructing offspring originating from frozen sperm stem cell |
JP2005513442A JP4389027B2 (ja) | 2003-08-27 | 2004-08-25 | 凍結精子幹細胞由来の子孫を作成する方法 |
EP04772138A EP1661457A4 (en) | 2003-08-27 | 2004-08-25 | PROCESS FOR GENERATING DEFLECTION FROM DEEP-FROZEN SPERM STEM CELL |
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Non-Patent Citations (5)
Title |
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AVARBOCK M.R. ET AL.: "Reconstitution of spermatogenesis from frozen spermatogonial stem cells", NAT. MED., vol. 2, no. 6, 1996, pages 693 - 696, XP002983474 * |
KANATSU-SHINOHARA M. ET AL.: "Long-term proliferation in culture and germline transmission of mouse male germline stem cells", BIOL. REPROD., vol. 69, no. 2, 16 April 2003 (2003-04-16), pages 612 - 616, XP002983477 * |
See also references of EP1661457A4 * |
SHINOHARA T. ET AL.: "Birth of offspring following transplantation of cryopreserved immature testicular pieces and in vitro microinsemination", HUM. REPROD., vol. 17, no. 12, 2002, pages 3039 - 3045, XP002983476 * |
SHINOHARA T. ET AL.: "Functional analysis of spermatogonial stem cells in Steel and cryptorchid infertile mouse models", DEV. BIOL., vol. 220, no. 2, 2000, pages 401 - 411, XP002983475 * |
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