WO2005018634A1 - Ether de monomethyle d'hematoporphyrine utilise pour le traitement de troubles oculaires - Google Patents

Ether de monomethyle d'hematoporphyrine utilise pour le traitement de troubles oculaires Download PDF

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WO2005018634A1
WO2005018634A1 PCT/CN2004/000970 CN2004000970W WO2005018634A1 WO 2005018634 A1 WO2005018634 A1 WO 2005018634A1 CN 2004000970 W CN2004000970 W CN 2004000970W WO 2005018634 A1 WO2005018634 A1 WO 2005018634A1
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monomethyl ether
hematoporphyrin monomethyl
use according
treatment
hematoporphyrin
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PCT/CN2004/000970
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English (en)
French (fr)
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Jining Tao
Qianbin Xiong
Wenhui Chen
Jun Li
Yong Su
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Shanghai Fudan-Zhangjiang Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
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Publication of WO2005018634A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005018634A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/22Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/40Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P27/00Drugs for disorders of the senses
    • A61P27/02Ophthalmic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P27/00Drugs for disorders of the senses
    • A61P27/02Ophthalmic agents
    • A61P27/10Ophthalmic agents for accommodation disorders, e.g. myopia

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of medicine, and more particularly to the use of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether to treat ophthalmic diseases by applying photodynamic therapy (PDT) to the eye.
  • PDT photodynamic therapy
  • Vision loss is a common problem associated with aging and various eye diseases. Aging and other causes often cause the formation of harmful new blood vessels on the cornea, iris, retina, or choroid, causing vision loss and even vision loss. In many known eye diseases, including macular degeneration, ocular cytoplasmosis syndrome, myopia, and inflammatory diseases, choroidal neovascularization leads to bleeding and fibrosis, with eventual loss of vision.
  • Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of vision loss in the elderly, with 10% of AMD patients accompanied by choroidal neovascularization, leading to rapid vision loss. According to statistics, 80% of the new blindness caused by AMD is caused by choroidal neovascularization.
  • the choroidal neovascularization caused by AMD is mainly treated by laser photocoagulation (solid) method, which can close new blood vessels and delay vision loss.
  • laser photocoagulation also destroys the normal choroidal tissue around the new blood vessels and the inner retinal tissue, causing vision loss. Patients often have atrophic scars and blind spots.
  • Another problem with laser photocoagulation is that most patients are not suitable for laser photocoagulation because of the diffused blood vessels and unclear borders, or the curative effect is poor, and the recurrence rate is high.
  • Photodynamic therapy is to administer a photoactive compound to a patient.
  • the photosensitizer is concentrated at the site of the neovascularization, and then irradiated with a low-intensity laser to stimulate the photosensitizer to cause a photochemical reaction to selectively block the neovascularization.
  • This method has stronger selectivity, lower laser intensity and less damage to surrounding normal tissues, and is expected to be an effective method for treating AMD.
  • Photosensitizers used in photodynamic therapy include hematoporphyrin derivatives (HPD), benzoporphyrin derivatives (BPD), chlorin e6 monoaspartic acid amide (Npe6), and aluminum sulfonate (CASPc) ), Intermediary tetra (m-hydroxyphenyl) -hydrochlorin (mTIIPC), tin ethyl proorthocyanin (SnEt2), 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), etc., for photodynamic therapy of tumors and skin diseases .
  • HPD hematoporphyrin derivatives
  • BPD benzoporphyrin derivatives
  • Npe6 chlorin e6 monoaspartic acid amide
  • CASPc aluminum sulfonate
  • mTIIPC Intermediary tetra (m-hydroxyphenyl) -hydrochlorin
  • SnEt2 tin ethyl proorthocyanin
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,798,349 and corresponding Chinese Patent No. 97192957 disclose the use of green porphyrins in photodynamic therapy of AMD and other choroidal neovascularization, but their therapeutic effects are still unsatisfactory.
  • Green porphyrins are generally required to be combined with lipophilic carriers due to their low water solubility.
  • the phototoxicity of the system is increased due to the prolonged clearance time in the body; on the other hand, in combination with the liposome carrier, the drug cannot be injected quickly, and it cannot be quickly switched between administration and treatment.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a new therapeutic agent and method, which can effectively treat various ophthalmic diseases caused by harmful blood vessel formation.
  • a first aspect of the present invention there is provided the use of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether, which is used for preparing a medicine for treating ophthalmic diseases.
  • the ophthalmic disease is a disease caused by harmful neovascularization.
  • the neovascularization occurs in the cornea, iris, retina or choroid. More preferably, said neovascularization occurs on the choroid.
  • the ophthalmic disease is selected from the group consisting of macular degeneration, ocular cytoplasmosis syndrome, myopia, or an inflammatory disease.
  • the hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether is a compound of the following structural formula
  • R1 is 1-hydroxy-ethyl and 1-methoxy-ethyl
  • R2 is 1-hydroxy-ethyl and 1-methoxy-ethyl
  • the dose of the drug is 0.1-100 mg / kg body weight, calculated as hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether.
  • the treatment is photodynamic therapy.
  • the photodynamic treatment condition is that the irradiated light flux is 50-200 Joules / cm 2 , the illuminance is 50-800 mW / cm 2 , and the wavelength is 630 ⁇ 20 nm.
  • hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether which is used as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy of ophthalmic diseases.
  • a method for treating harmful neovascular diseases in the eye including the following steps: Giving a therapeutically effective dose of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether to a patient in need of treatment, so that hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether accumulates in the neovascular area of the eye
  • This area is irradiated with a laser of 630 ⁇ 20 nm for a sufficient time to allow the laser to be absorbed by hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether and block the neovascularization.
  • Beneficial effects of the present invention As a better water-soluble drug, hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether is more convenient in drug administration, meanwhile, the elimination time in the body is short, the system phototoxicity is small, and rapid elimination can also make large blood vessels clear faster. Conducive to selective treatment of new blood vessels. Compared with other porphyrin derivatives, hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether has better selectivity and lower side effects, while having significant drug effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • Figure 1 shows the structural formula of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether.
  • Figures 2A and 2B show the effects of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether on the chick embryo allantoic chorionic membrane (CAM) model.
  • Figure 3 shows the primary and secondary blood vessel counts in the chicken embryo allantoic chorionic (CAM) model experimental group and control group.
  • Figure 4 shows fluoroscopy of a choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model.
  • Figure 5 shows choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model tissue sections.
  • Figures 6A and 6B show the effect of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether on a choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model.
  • Fig. 6A is a control tissue section, and the arrow indicates choroidal neovascularization.
  • Figure 6B is a tissue section of the experimental group. The arrow indicates the choroidal neovascularization, and a thrombus has formed inside the blood vessel.
  • Figures 7A-E show hematoporphyrin derivatives (HpD), 5-aminoketovaleric acid (ALA), hematoporphyrin diethyl ether, hematoporphyrin monopropyl ether, and hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether on the CAM model, respectively. Damage to normal blood vessels.
  • the inventors After intensive and extensive research, the inventors have screened a large number of compounds, and unexpectedly found that the compound hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether is particularly suitable for treating ophthalmic diseases.
  • the optimal absorption wavelength of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether is 630nm, the elimination time is short, and the photosensitivity can be eliminated within 24 hours, so it is suitable as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy for ophthalmic diseases.
  • the present invention has been completed on this basis. Photoactive compounds
  • a compound suitable for the present invention is hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether.
  • Xu Deyu, Chen Wenhui, etc. disclosed the physicochemical properties, preparation methods of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether in Chinese Journal of Laser Medicine (1993, 2: 3-7) and Chinese Patent Application No. 01131939, and their preparation methods in the treatment of tumors.
  • Application; Chen Wenhui, Xu Deyu and others published the distribution of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether in tumor-bearing mice in Journal of the Second Military Medical University (1990, 11: 118-122): Gu Ying, Liu Guangfan, etc.
  • the photoactive compound suitable for the present invention has the following structural formula:
  • R1 is 1-hydroxy-ethyl and 1-methoxy-ethyl
  • R2 is 1-hydroxy-ethyl and 1-methoxy-ethyl.
  • R1 is 1-hydroxy-ethyl
  • R2 is 1-methoxy-ethyl
  • R1 is 1-methoxy-ethyl
  • R2 is 1-hydroxy-ethyl.
  • Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether has light absorption in the range of 395-635nm.
  • Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether can also be used in combination with other photoactive compounds; however, the effectiveness of treatment depends on the light being absorbed by the photoactive compounds. Therefore, if a mixture is used, the compounds with similar maximum absorption peaks are used in combination as good. Treatment mechanism
  • the present invention relates to the treatment of ophthalmic diseases with photodynamics.
  • Photodynamic treatment protocols lead to the reduction of harmful new blood vessel formation (especially choroidal new blood vessel formation), thereby treating related ophthalmic diseases and improving patient vision.
  • a patient in need of treatment is administered a suitable photoactive compound in an amount sufficient to achieve an effective concentration of the photoactive compound in the patient's eye.
  • the effective concentration of the compound is gathered in a desired area in the eye, and then the area is illuminated with light absorbed by the photoactive compound.
  • Photodynamic therapy using hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether as a photosensitizer can be excited by light with a wavelength of 395-635 nm according to its absorption characteristics.
  • Photoactive compounds are excited by light to generate reactive oxygen species and free radicals, causing photochemical damage to cells in the diseased area, blocking new blood vessels in the diseased area, thereby treating various ophthalmic diseases caused by harmful blood vessel formation, and ultimately improving the patient's vision.
  • Dosing and dosage The photoactive compound can be administered by various routes, such as oral, parenteral, or rectal, or the compound can be placed directly into the eye. Parenteral administration is appropriate, such as intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous injection. Intravenous injection is the best.
  • the dose of the photoactive compound can vary widely depending on the mode of administration, the type of formulation, and whether or not it is coupled to a targeting ligand. It is generally believed that there is a correlation between the formulation of the photoactive agent, the mode of administration, and the dosage level. In general, the typical dose range of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether is from 0.1 to 100 mg / kg, the preferred dose range is from 0.5 to 50 mg / kg, and the more preferred dose range is from 1 to 10 mg / kg. Those skilled in the art can also experimentally determine the appropriate dose.
  • the dose can be adjusted relative to other parameters, such as the luminous flux, light intensity, duration and dose used in photodynamic therapy, the time interval between administration and light irradiation, and the like.
  • the use of these parameters should be adjusted to significantly improve vision without significant damage to normal eye tissue. Those skilled in the art can determine appropriate parameters through experiments.
  • the luminous flux is also called light dose and light energy density; the illuminance is also called power intensity and power density. These terms are used and understood by those skilled in the art and are described herein.
  • the target tissue of the eye is irradiated at the selected drug absorption wavelength.
  • the selected wavelength range is generally around 630 ⁇ 20nm, and more preferably around 630 ⁇ 10nm. This range of wavelength has better penetration in the body tissue.
  • the photoactive compound As a result of irradiation, the photoactive compound is in an excited state and interacts with other compounds to form singlet oxygen (Singlet Oxygen) and other free radicals, causing structural destruction of vascular epithelial cells.
  • Singlet oxygen and other free radicals primarily damage cell membrane structures, including cell membranes, mitochondrial membranes, lysosomal membranes, and nuclear membranes.
  • Vascular epithelial cell damage causes subsequent platelet aggregation, degranulation, and thrombosis, resulting in blockages and closure of blood vessels.
  • the amount of light flux irradiated can vary widely. However, it is preferably 50-200 Joules / cm 2 .
  • Change in light intensity is generally 50- 800raW / cm 2, at about 100- 600 mW / cm 2 being preferred. However, choosing to use a higher light intensity can shorten the treatment time to achieve the same effect.
  • the optimal time interval between photoactive compound administration and phototherapy also depends on the mode of administration and the form of administration Depending on the type of preparation.
  • the time interval after photosensitizer administration is from 1 minute to 2 hours, preferably 5 to 30 minutes, and more preferably 10 to 25 minutes.
  • the present invention provides a method for photodynamic treatment of ophthalmic diseases, comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment a photoactive compound preparation sufficient to enrich a sufficient amount of photosensitizer in the eyes of the treated patient; allowing sufficient time for an effective amount of light
  • the active compound is enriched in the patient's eye; the eye is illuminated with light suitable for absorption by a photosensitizer.
  • hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether is used to effectively reduce or eliminate harmful new blood vessel formation in the cornea, iris, retina, or choroid by photodynamic therapy
  • the method of the present invention can be used to treat harmful blood vessels. Formation and various eye diseases. Representative ophthalmic diseases include (but are not limited to): macular degeneration (age-related macular degeneration and other macular degenerations), ocular cytoplasmosis, myopia, and inflammatory diseases. Model used
  • Mouse CNV model Used to evaluate the in vivo effect of photodynamic therapy on choroidal neovascularization.
  • Rat CNV model Used to evaluate the in vivo effect of photodynamic therapy on choroidal neovascularization.
  • Rabbit corneal neovascularization model used to evaluate the in vivo effect of photodynamic therapy on corneal neovascularization. Evaluation of treatment
  • the effect of photodynamic therapy on animal CNV models can be used to observe the damage of endothelial cells and choroidal neovascularization in histological sections.
  • the destruction of new blood vessels is manifested by vacuoles in the cytoplasm of vascular endothelial cells, abnormal shrinkage of the nucleus, platelet aggregation and the formation of blood clots in the vascular cavity.
  • Another method is to observe the reduction of new blood vessels with angiography at a specific time after treatment.
  • CAM model use the following method: 37 ° C incubator, air chamber upwards, rotate 3 to 4 times a day, until the 9th day of incubation, disinfect the surface of the breeding eggs and punch 1 or 2 holes at the top of the air chamber.
  • a rectangular area 1.0 cm XL 5 cm from the egg shell projection site 1 cm from the fetal head and between the two anterior yolk veins was cut through the egg shell, and a small hole with a diameter of about lram was slightly cut through the egg shell membrane.
  • a small amount of sterile purified water was added dropwise to separate the egg shell membrane at the edge of the pores, and a sterile microporous filter carrier with a diameter of 6 mm was placed on the CAM with the least blood vessels.
  • Example 2 10 ⁇ l of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether prepared in Example 1 was added to the center of the carrier, and 10 ⁇ l of physiological saline was added to the control group.
  • the light was irradiated with gold vapor laser 15 minutes after dosing, the spot diameter was 2000 ⁇ m, the power density was 100 mW7cm 2 , the light irradiation time was 200 s, and the energy density was 20 J / cm 2 .
  • seal the window with sterile clear glue mark and then incubate for 3 days in an incubator at 37.8 ° C. After 3 days of light treatment, each egg 5ml ⁇ Inject 1: 1 methanol, acetone and other equal amount of fixed solution 2.
  • the blood vessels were counted at the same magnification, with the edge of the experimental site (that is, the edge of the microporous filter carrier) as the primary blood vessel within 1 mm, and the edge of the experimental site with 5 mm as the secondary blood vessel. That is, it is sent with the carrier as the center, and the angle between the radius of the filter and the radius of the filter is less than 45 degrees.
  • the blood vessels passing through and bypassing are not counted.
  • the primary and secondary blood vessels were observed and counted separately.
  • the number of primary and secondary vessels in the control group was 34.7 and 45.2 respectively, and the experimental group was 21 and 32.5, respectively.
  • the experimental group was significantly less than the control group.
  • Example 3 Damage effects of different photosensitizers on normal blood vessels
  • Hematoporphyrin derivative (purchased from Beijing Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry) was dissolved in a 5% glucose solution to a final concentration of 20 mg / mL.
  • 5-aminoketovaleric acid (ALA) (purchased from Shanghai Fudan Zhangjiang Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), 50mg / mL, soluble in water, adjusted to P ⁇ 6, newly prepared before the test, in vivo photodynamic response, 1% ALA drug
  • the dose can be converted into the photosensitizing substance protoporphyrin (see literature BWHenderson, et fl / Photosensization of murine tumor, vasculature, and skin by using 5-aminol e vulinic acid-induced porphyrin,
  • Hematoporphyrin diethyl ether, hematoporphyrin monopropyl ether, and hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether purchased from Shanghai Fudan Zhangjiang Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
  • the above drugs are lyophilized preparations, dissolved in 0.9% physiological saline before use, and prepared separately A 20 mg / mL solution was set aside.
  • the eggs are sterilized and transferred to a constant temperature incubator.
  • the eggs are incubated at a temperature of 37 ° C and a humidity of 60% until the third day.
  • a 3mm diameter hole is punched in the top of the air chamber, and 30uL of photosensitizer is locally injected into the CAM (about 30mm 2 ).
  • the CAM area was washed twice with 150 uL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and laser irradiation was performed.
  • PBS phosphate buffered saline
  • the 630nm semiconductor laser is grouped according to different drugs, agents, and different photodynamic parameters. At the same time, no-light administration, no-light administration, and a blank control group are set.
  • Example 4 Establishment of a CNV mouse model.
  • the CNV model was established as follows: Twenty adult male C57BL-6J mice were randomly selected, each weighing 25g to 26g. Mice were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of 0.3% sodium pentobarbital 200 L, 2% tropinamide and 10% neoflume mydriatic. A laser (wavelength 810 nm, diameter 75 ⁇ m, irradiation time 0.1 s, power 140 mW) was introduced into the eyes of the mouse through a slit lamp and a contact lens. Fundus fluorescein angiography 1 week after laser irradiation (fundus fluorescence angiography, FFA). Nine animals were selected with no fluorescence leakage at the photocoagulation point and milky white point at the photocoagulation point (as shown in Fig. 4).
  • the eyeballs were removed and fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde and 4% polyformic acid, respectively.
  • the eyeballs were dissected, the laser spot was identified through a dissecting microscope, and the tissue pieces were cut. It was fixed with 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated with ethanol gradient, replaced with ethylene oxide, embedded with epoxy resin, serially sectioned, stained with toluidine blue, and observed under a light microscope. .
  • Example 3 Four CNV model mice prepared according to Example 3 were injected with a lyophilized preparation of bloodline methyl ether at a dose of 10 mg / kg in the tail vein.
  • the light was irradiated with a gold vapor laser 15 minutes after the injection, the spot diameter was 2000 ⁇ m, the power density was 100 mW / cm 2 , the light irradiation time was 200 s, and the energy density was 20 J / cm 2 .
  • Another 4 CNV model mice prepared in Example 3 were injected with the same amount of physiological saline in the tail vein as a control. Result judgment
  • mice were sacrificed with an excessive amount of sodium pentobarbital, and the eyeballs were removed and fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde and 4% paraformaldehyde, respectively.
  • the eyeballs were dissected, and the laser spots were identified through a dissecting microscope. It was fixed with 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated with ethanol gradient, replaced with ethylene oxide, embedded with epoxy resin, serially sectioned, stained with toluidine blue, and observed under a light microscope.
  • the experimental group showed choroidal capillary thrombosis, retinal pigment epithelium arrangement lost normal continuity, disordered outer segment arrangement, vacuolation, outer granule layer cells condensed, and the inner retinal layer was normal (Figure 6B).
  • BN Male brown Norwegian (BN) rats weighing 180-220 g, both anterior segment and fundus examination were normal before the experiment.
  • the rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 10% chloral hydrate, and the pupils were dilated with compound tropicamide eye drops, and the cornea was placed With a contact lens, a chirped laser with a wavelength of 647 nm was used to photocondense 8 points around the optic nipple.
  • the laser power is 360mW
  • the exposure time is 0.05s
  • the spot diameter is 50um.
  • FFA fluorescein fundus angiography
  • ICGA indocyanine green angiography
  • Histopathological examination is as follows: The model rats are sacrificed, the eyeballs are removed, and 2.5% glutaraldehyde is fixed. The eye tissues of the photocoagulation site are cut out, and after ethanol dehydration, transparent, wax-impregnated, and paraffin-embedded, serial sections, HE staining and sealing And observed under a light microscope. Transmission electron microscope specimens were observed after post-fixation, dehydration, infiltration and embedding, and section staining. Pathological examination showed that in the photocoagulation zone 8 ⁇ 1 (: 11 ' 8 membrane rupture, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells proliferated to the inner retinal layer. There was a large number of neovascularization in the choroid. Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether on rats CNV photodynamic therapy effect
  • CNV model rats were injected with 5 mg / kg, 10 mg / kg, and 20 mg / kg of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether in the tail vein, and the semiconductor laser therapeutic apparatus with a wavelength of 630imi was used to irradiate CNV.
  • the control group was set up without medicine, without medicine and without light.
  • FFA and ICGA examinations were performed before and 7 days after PDT. The animals were sacrificed after 7 days of PDT treatment, and the eyeballs were removed for histopathological examination.
  • the treatment results are divided into three levels: 0 level, no vascular closure; 1 level, only CNV closed; 2 level, retinal and choroidal blood vessels are closed.
  • 0 level no vascular closure
  • 1 level only CNV closed
  • 2 level retinal and choroidal blood vessels are closed.
  • grade 0 showed that there was still leakage of fluorescence in the photocoagulation spot
  • grade 1 showed that the leakage of fluorescence in the photocoagulation spot disappeared and retinal vascular filling
  • grade 2 showed lack of retinal vascular filling and dye accumulation in the retina.
  • Level 1 selective closure of CNV and choroidal vessels
  • Level 2 Closed choroid and retinal blood vessels. It can be seen from Table 2 that when the dosage is 10 mg / kg, the interval between irradiation and administration is 15 minutes, and the energy density is 150 J7 cm 2 (power density 600 mW / cm 2 , irradiation time is 250 seconds). Ether photodynamic therapy has the best effect on CNV in rats. All 9 CNVs have been selectively closed, but they have no effect on the choroidal and retinal vessels around the CNV.
  • hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether can selectively destroy choroidal neovascularization, thereby treating ocular diseases such as age-related macular degeneration caused thereby.
  • Example 7 Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether photodynamic treatment of corneal neovascularization in rabbits
  • New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2 ⁇ 3.5Kg were selected, the conjunctival sac was washed, and decaine (12.5mg / ml) was operated on.
  • the eye was opened 3 times anteriorly, the eyelid was opened, and the upper cornea was sutured with a triangular needle.
  • the end of the suture was about 2.5 mm from the limbus.
  • the length of the suture embedded in the corneal stroma was about 3 mm.
  • the new blood vessel growth was observed under the slit lamp observation. By the 18th day, the new blood vessel growth was strong.
  • a model rabbit that successfully induced corneal neovascularization was injected with hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether 10 mg / kg on the ear margin vein on the 19th day after suture surgery.
  • the corneal neovascularization was irradiated with a 514 nm argon laser at 20 minutes after injection.
  • the laser power density was 650 mW / cm 2
  • the energy densities were 50 J / cm 2 , 75 J / cm 2 , and 150 J / cm 2 , respectively.
  • the control group was administered only without light, only the light without light, and the model control group. Effect observation
  • the cornea was photographed by a slit lamp, a digital image scan of the computer, and the area of corneal neovascularization before and after PDT were calculated using a NIH Image image processing program.
  • the results showed that at a laser energy density of 50 J / cm 2 and 75 J / cm 2 , corneal neovascularization in 30% and 48% of the model rabbits subsided, but neovascularization recurred after 3 to 4 days. With an optical density of 150 J / cm 2 , neovascularization in 68% of the model rabbits subsided without recurrence within 2 weeks. There was no change in the area of corneal neovascularization in the rabbits of the model control group, with and without light, and with and without light.
  • results of this example show that hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether can selectively destroy corneal neovascularization, thereby treating the eye diseases caused thereby.
  • results of the present invention show that hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether can effectively inhibit harmful blood vessels such as choroidal neovascularization, and thus can effectively treat various ophthalmic diseases caused by harmful blood vessel formation, such as the harmful effects on the cornea, iris, retina or choroid. Ocular diseases caused by neovascularization, especially age-related macular degeneration.

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Description

血卟啉单甲醚在治疗眼科疾病中的应用
技术领域
本发明涉及医药领域, 更具体地涉及利用血卟啉单甲醚, 通过对眼施加光动力 治疗 (PDT)而治疗眼科疾病的应用。 背景技术
视力丧失是与衰老和各种眼病相伴随的常见问题。衰老和其他病因往往引起角 膜、 虹膜、 视网膜或脉络膜上有害的新血管形成的发生, 造成视力下降乃至视力 丧失。 在很多已知的眼病, 包括黄斑变性、 眼组织胞浆菌病综合症、 近视和炎症 性疾病中, 脉络膜新血管形成导致出血和纤维化, 最终伴有视力丧失。
与年龄相关的黄斑变性 (AMD)是老年人视力下降的主要原因, 其中 10%的 AMD 病人伴随脉络膜新血管形成, 导致急剧的视力丧失。 据统计, AMD造成老年人新 失明中的 80%是由脉络膜新血管形成引起的。
目前对 AMD引起的脉络膜新血管形成, 主要采用激光光凝(固)法治疗, 该方法 可以封闭新生血管, 延缓视力丧失。 但激光光凝的同时也破坏了新生血管周围的 正常脉络膜组织以及内层的视网膜组织, 导致视力下降, 患者往往留有萎缩性性 瘢痕和视觉盲点。 激光光凝法的另一个问题是大部分病人因为新生血管弥散、 边 界不清而不适合用激光光凝法治疗, 或疗效不佳, 复发率高。
光动力疗法是给患者施以光活性化合物, 光敏剂在新生血管部位富集, 再以低 强度激光照射, 激发光敏剂使之产生光化学反应, 选择性的封闭新生血管。 这一 方法选择性更强, 激光强度低, 对周围正常组织损伤小, 有望成为治疗 AMD的有 效手段。
用于光动力治疗的光敏剂有血卟啉衍生物(HPD)、 苯并卟啉衍生物(BPD)、二氢 卟吩 e6单天冬氨酸酰胺 (Npe6)、磺酸铝酞菁(CASPc)、 中介四(间羟基苯基)-二氢 卟吩(mTIIPC)、 锡乙基初紫红素(SnEt2)、 5-氨基乙酰丙酸 (ALA)等, 用于肿瘤、 皮肤病的光动力治疗。 然而, 这些用于肿瘤、 皮肤病的光动力治疗的光敏剂并不 十分适合用于治疗眼科疾病。
美国专利 5798349 以及相应的中国专利 97192957 公开了绿卟啉(green porphyrins)在光动力治疗 AMD及其他脉络膜新血管形成上的应用,然而其治疗效 果仍然不令人满意。 绿卟啉类的药物, 由于水溶性低, 一般要求与亲脂性载体联 用。 一方面由于体内清除时间延长, 增加了系统光毒性; 另一方面与脂质体载体 的联用, 药物不能快速注射, 无法在给药和治疗之间快速转换。
因此, 本领域迫切需要开发新的治疗剂和治疗方法, 以便有效治疗因有害血
一 1一
确认本 管形成而导致的各种眼科疾病。 发明内容
本发明的目的就是提供一种新的治疗剂和治疗方法,它们可有效治疗因有害血 管形成而导致的各种眼科疾病。 在本发明的第一方面, 提供了一种血卟啉单甲醚的用途, 它被用于制备治疗眼 科疾病的药物。
在另一优选例中, 所述眼科疾病是因有害的新生血管形成而导致的疾病。
在另一优选例中, 所述的新生血管形成发生在角膜、 虹膜、 视网膜或脉络膜。 更佳地, 所述的新生血管形成发生在脉络膜上。
在另一优选例中, 所述的眼科疾病选自下组: 黄斑变性、 眼组织胞浆菌病综合 症、 近视、 或炎症性疾病。
在另一优选例中, 所述的血卟啉单甲醚为如下结构式的化合物
Figure imgf000003_0001
式中, R1为 1-羟基-乙基、 1-甲氧基-乙基; R2为 1-羟基-乙基、 1 -甲氧基-乙基。
在另一优选例中, 所述药物的给药剂量为 0. l-100mg/kg体重, 按血卟啉单甲 醚计算。
在另一优选例中, 所述的治疗是光动力治疗。
在另一优选例中, 所述光动力治疗条件是照射的光通量为 50- 200焦耳 /cm2, 光照度为 50-800mW/ cm2, 波长为 630 ± 20nm。
在本发明的第二方面, 提供了血卟啉单甲醚的用途, 它被用作光动力治疗眼科 疾病的光敏剂。
在本发明的第三方面, 提供了一种治疗眼部有害新生血管疾病的方法, 包括以 下步骤: 给予需要治疗的患者有效治疗剂量的血卟啉单甲醚, 使血卟啉单甲醚聚集 在眼内的新生血管(neovasculature)区域,
用 630 ±20nm的激光照射该区域足够时间,使激光被血卟啉单甲醚吸收从而阻 断该新生血管。 本发明的有益效果: 血卟啉单甲醚作为水溶性较好的药物, 在给药方面更加 便利, 同时体内清除的时间短, 系统光毒性小, 快速清除还可以使大血管清除更 快, 有利于对新生血管进行选择性治疗。 与其他的卟啉衍生物相比, 血卟啉单甲 醚在药效显著的同时, 选择性更好, 副作用更低。 附图说明
图 1显示了血卟啉单甲醚的结构式。
图 2A和 2B显示了血卟啉单甲醚在鸡胚尿囊绒膜(CAM)模型上的效果。
图 3显示了鸡胚尿囊绒膜 (CAM)模型实验组、对照组一级血管、二级血管计数。 图 4显示了脉络膜新生血管(CNV)模型荧光造影。
图 5显示了脉络膜新生血管(CNV)模型组织切片。
图 6A和 6B显示了血卟啉单甲醚在脉络膜新生血管(CNV)模型上的效果。 其中 图 6A为对照组组织切片, 箭头所指为脉络膜新生血管。 图 6B为实验组组织切片, 箭头所指为脉络膜新生血管, 血管内部已形成血栓。
附图 7A-E分别显示了血卟啉衍生物 (HpD) 、 5-氨基酮戊酸 (ALA) 、 血卟啉 二乙醚、 血卟啉单丙醚、 血卟啉单甲醚在 CAM模型上对正常血管的损伤。 具体实施方式
本发明人经过深入而广泛的研究, 筛选了大量化合物, 意外发现化合物血卟啉 单甲醚特别适合用于治疗眼科疾病。 血卟啉单甲醚的最佳吸收波长 630nm, 清除 时间短, 光敏感性 24小时可以消退, 因此适合作为光动力疗法治疗眼科疾病的光 敏剂。 在此基础上完成了本发明。 光活性化合物
适合于本发明的化合物是血卟啉单甲醚。 许德余、 陈文辉等在《中国激光医学 杂志》 (1993, 2: 3- 7)和申请号为 01131939的中国专利中公开了血卟啉单甲醚的 理化性质、 制备方法及其在治疗肿瘤中的应用; 陈文辉、 许德余等在 《第二军医 大学学报》 (1990, 11: 118-122)发表了血卟琳单甲醚在荷瘤小鼠体内的分布: 顾 瑛、 刘光凡等在 《中国激光医学杂志》 (2000, Vol9 , 1期)发表了血卟啉单甲醚 在在动脉组织的吸收和分布特性、 血管平滑肌对血啉甲醚的吸收特性, 在 《中国 激光医学杂志》 (2000, Vol9, 3期)发表了血卟啉单甲醚治疗鲜红斑痣的应用。 在此全部公开作为参考。
具体地, 适合于本发明的光活性化合物具有如下结构式:
Figure imgf000005_0001
其中 R1为 1-羟基-乙基、 1-甲氧基-乙基; R2为 1-羟基-乙基、 1-甲氧基-乙 基。 较佳地, 当 R1为 1-羟基-乙基时, R2为 1-甲氧基-乙基, ; 当 R1为 1-甲氧 基-乙基时, R2为 1-羟基-乙基。 血卟啉单甲醚在 395-635nm范围有光吸收。
血卟啉单甲醚也可与其他的光活性化合物联合使用;但治疗的有效性依赖于光 被光活性化合物吸收, 因此, 如果使用混合物, 则以具有相似的最大吸收峰的化 合物混合使用为佳。 治疗机理
本发明涉及用光动力治疗眼科疾病。光动力学治疗方案导致有害的新血管形成 (特别是脉络膜的新血管形成)缩减, 从而对相关的眼科疾病起到治疗作用, 改善 患者视力。
在本发明的方法中, 给需要治疗的患者服用适合的光活性化合物, 其量足以 使患者眼内的光活性化合物达到有效浓度。 服用后经过一段时间, 使有效浓度的 化合物聚集在眼内所需区域后, 用被该光活性化合物吸收的光照射该区域。 以血 卟啉单甲醚作为光敏剂的光动力治疗, 根据其吸收特性, 可以 395- 635nm波长的 光激发。 光活性化合物被光激发, 产生活性氧和自由基, 引起病变区域细胞光化 学损伤, 封闭病变部位的新生血管, 从而治疗因有害血管形成而导致的各种眼科 疾病, 最终改善患者的视力。 给药和剂量 光活性化合物可以各种途径给药, 如口服、 非肠道给药或直肠给药, 或可将化 合物直接放如入眼中。 以非肠道给药为宜, 如静脉内、 肌肉内或皮下注射。 以静 脉注射为最好。
光活性化合物的剂量可以根据给药方式、制剂类型、是否偶联靶向配体而有很 大的变化。 一般认为, 在光活性剂的制剂、 给药方式和剂量水平之间有关联。 通 常, 血卟啉单甲醚的典型剂量范围为 0. 1-lOOmg/kg, 较佳的剂量范围为 0. 5 - 50mg/kg, 更佳的剂量范围为 1- 10mg/kg。 本领域技术人员也可以通过实验确定合 适的剂量。
在本发明中用于有效、 选择性光动力学治疗的各种参数是相互关联的。 因此, 可以相对于其他参数 (例如光动力学治疗中所使用的光通量、 光照度、 持续时间 和剂量、 给药与光照射之间的时间间隔等) 而调整剂量。 使用这些参数都应调整 到能显著提高视力而不产生正常眼组织的明显损害为宜。 本领域技术人员能够通 过实验确定合适的参数。
换言之, 当光活性化合物的剂量降低时, 封闭脉络膜新生血管组织的光通量有 增加的趋势; 反之需要降低光通量, 则需要增加光活性化合物的剂量或增加靶向 性促进增加病变部位光活性化合物的富集程度。 光治疗方法
光治疗参数有关的某些术语在不同的作者和出版物中有所不同。 比如光通量, 也称光剂量、 光能量密度; 光照度, 也称功率强度、 功率密度。 这些术语是本领 域的技术人员使用并理解的, 在此加以说明。
在光活性化合物给药后, 将眼的靶组织在被选择的药物吸收波长下进行照射。 对于血卟啉单甲醚, 所选的波长范围一般在 630 ±20nm左右, 更佳地为在 630士 lOnm左右, 该范围波长在机体组织内的穿透力比较好。
照射的结果导致光活性化合物处于激发状态, 并与其他化合物相互作用, 形成 单线态氧(Singlet Oxygen)和其他自由基, 引起血管上皮细胞结构破坏。 单线态 氧和其他自由基主要损伤细胞膜结构, 包括细胞膜、 线粒体膜、 溶酶体膜和核膜。 血管上皮细胞损伤引发后续的血小板凝聚、 脱颗粒和血栓形成, 造成血管的堵塞 和封闭。
根据组织的类型、靶组织深度和其上流体或血液的量, 照射的光通量可有很大 变动。 但较佳的为 50- 200焦耳 /cm2
光照度一般变化于 50- 800raW/ cm2, 以约 100- 600 mW/cm2为佳。 然而, 选择使 用较高的光照度, 可以缩短治疗时间而达到同样的效果。
光活性化合物给药后至光治疗之间的最适时间间隔也根据给药方式、给药形式 和制剂类型而不同。 光敏剂给药后的时间间隔从 1分钟到 2小时, 较佳的为 5 - 30 分钟, 更佳的为 10- 25分钟。 可治疗的眼科疾病
本发明提供了一种光动力治疗眼科疾病的方法,包括给需要这种治疗的患者服 用足以使受治疗患者眼中富集足够量光敏剂的光活性化合物制剂; 允许足够的时 间使有效量的光活性化合物富集于患者眼中; 用适合光敏剂吸收的光照射眼睛。
因为在本发明的治疗方法中, 利用血卟啉单甲醚, 通过光动力疗法有效地减少 或消除角膜、 虹膜、 视网膜或脉络膜±有害的新血管形成, 因此本发明方法可用 于治疗因有害血管形成而导致的各种眼科疾病。 代表性眼科疾病包括 (但并不限 于): 黄斑变性(与年龄相关的黄斑变性以及其他黄斑变性) 、 眼组织胞浆菌病综 合症、 近视和炎症性疾病。 使用的模型
CAM模型: 用来评价光动力疗法封闭血管的效果, 见文献 Ribatt i D. et al.
New model for the study of angiogenesis and ant iangiogenesi s in the chick embryo chorioal lantoic membrane : the gelat ine sponge/CAM assay. J Vase Res. 1997 : 34 : 455- 463.;也用来评价评价光动力疗法损伤血管的副作用,见文献 Marie H. et al Photodynamic parameters in the chick chorioal lantoic membrane bioassay for photosensit izers admini stered intraperitoneal ly into the chick embryo , Photochem. Photobiol . Sci, 2002, 1, 72卜 728。
小鼠 CNV模型: 用于评价光动力疗法封闭脉络膜新生血管的体内效果。
大鼠 CNV模型: 用于评价光动力疗法封闭脉络膜新生血管的体内效果。
家兔角膜新生血管模型:用于评价光动力疗法封闭角膜新生血管的体内效果。 治疗的评价
光动力封闭和损伤血管的效果在 CAM模型上用新生血管数量和直径来体现, 当实验分组较多, 数据量大时, 原始数据用统计学方法处理, 釆用以下文献的评 价标准: Marie H. et al Photodynamic parameters in the chick chorioallantoic membrane bioassay for photosensitizers administered intraperitoneally into the chick embryo , Photochem. Photobiol. Sci, 2002, 1 ,721-728。
光动力治疗的效果在动物 CNV模型上可用组织学切片观察内皮细胞的损伤和 脉络膜新生血管的封闭情况。 典型的, 新生血管的破坏表现为血管内皮细胞胞浆 内出现空泡, 细胞核皱缩异常, 血管腔内可见血小板聚集和血凝块的形成。 另一种方法是在治疗后特定的时间用血管造影技术观察新血管减少。
另一种方法是角膜 PDT评价。 对角膜进行摄影, 计算机数字图像扫描, 釆用 图像处理程序计算 PDT前后角膜新生血管的面积, 面积减少体现 PDT封闭角膜新 生血管的效果。 下面结合具体实施例, 进一步阐述本发明。 应理解, 这些实施例仅用于说明 本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。 下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法, 通常按照常规条件或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。 实施例 1 : 血卟啉单甲醚和治疗剂的制备
A. 血卟啉单甲醚的制备
按 CN 01131939的中国专利申请中所述的方法, 将 20克 3, 8-二(1-溴乙基) 次卟啉 IX氢溴酸盐与 3000毫升的甲醇 /水混合液搅拌反应 2小时, 反应液以 l Omol/L的氢氧化钠调节 pH至 13, 搅拌 4小时, 再以冰乙酸调节反应液的 pH至 4-5, 析出沉淀。 布氏漏斗滤集析出的沉淀, 水洗, 干燥, 得 19. 5克粗品。 经硅 胶柱层析分离纯化得 3. 9克血卟啉单甲醚(图 1)。
重复上述步骤, 获得约 20克血卟啉单甲醚。
B.治疗剂的制备
称取 10克血卟啉单甲醚原料药, 以适量 0. 2 mol/L氢氧化钠水溶液充分搅拌 溶解, 然后用 0. 2 mol/L盐酸调节溶液 pH至 7-8, 加入适量的甘露醇, 再以注射 用水定容至 400毫升; 无菌过滤, 分装成每瓶含 100毫克, 置冷冻干燥机中冷冻 干燥, 加塞封口, 贴标签。 使用时以生理盐水复溶至所需浓度给药。 实施例 2: CAM模型用于光动力治疗效果体内测定
CAM模型的建立釆用以下方法: 37 °C孵化箱, 气室向上, 每天转动 3〜4次, 至孵蛋第 9天, 消毒种蛋表面后在气室顶端打 1〜2讓小孔, 在距胎头前 lcm、 两 条前卵黄静脉之间的卵壳投影部位标记 1. 0cm XL 5cm的长方形区域,磨切透卵壳, 在卵壳膜上轻轻划破直径约 lram的小孔。 滴加少许无菌纯净水分离小孔边缘的卵 壳膜, 将无菌的直径为 6mm的微孔滤膜载体放在 CAM的血管最少处。
然后在载体中央各加入 lOul浓度为 lmg/ml实施例 1制备的血卟啉单甲醚, 对照组加入 lOul生理盐水。加药后 15分钟用金蒸汽激光进行照光,光斑直径 2000 μ ηι, 功率密度 100 mW7cm2, 照光时间 200 s, 能量密度 20 J /cm2。 加药后, 用 无菌透明胶封窗, 标记后再放入 37. 8 °C的孵箱内孵育 3天。 光处理 3天后, 每蛋 注入 1 : 1的甲醇、 丙酮等量混合固定液 2. 5ml。 室温下固定 20分钟, 待 CAM上 血管内的血液凝固后, 揭去封窗的透明膜, 剪除 CAM水平以上的蛋壳, 以滤膜载 体为中心把 CAM剪下, 放入盛有少量水并铺有滤纸的平皿里展开, 阴干, 连同滤 纸保存, 如图 2A和 2B所示。
解剖显微镜下以相同放大倍数计数血管,以实验部位边缘(即微孔滤膜载体边 缘) lmm范围内为一级血管, 以实验部位边缘 5mm处为二级血管, 凡属趋向性生长 的血管, 即以载体为中心发出,与滤膜半径的夹角小于 45度者均予计数;而穿行、 绕行的血管则不算在内。 一、 二级血管分别观察计数。 对照组一级、 二级血管数 分别为 34. 7和 45. 2, 实验组分别为 21和 32. 5, 实验组显著少于对照组。 结果如 图 3所示。 实施例 3:不同光敏剂对正常血管的损伤作用
光敏剂
血卟啉衍生物 (HpD ) (购自北京制药工业研究院) , 溶入 5 %葡萄糖溶液, 终浓度为 20mg/mL。
5-氨基酮戊酸(ALA) (购自上海复旦张江生物医药股份有限公司), 50mg/mL, 溶于水, 调整 ΡΗ^ 6, 试验前新配制,体内光动力反应中, 1%ALA药物剂量可转 化为光敏物质原卟啉 (见文献 B.W.Henderson, et fl/ Photosensization of murine tumor, vasculature,and skin by using 5 - aminol e vulinic acid-induced porphyrin,
P otochem. Photobiol. 62(1995)780-789 ) 。
血卟啉二乙醚、 血卟啉单丙醚、 血卟啉单甲醚 (购自上海复旦张江生物医药 股份有限公司) , 上述药物为冻干制剂, 使用前溶于 0.9%生理盐水, 分别配制成 20mg/mL的溶液备用。 CAM准备
种蛋消毒后转入恒温孵化箱中, 温度 37Ό, 湿度 60%下孵蛋至第三天, 在气 室顶端打 3mm直径小孔, 30uL光敏剂局部注入 CAM处 (约 30mm2), 恒温孵化。 24h后, 用 150uL磷酸盐缓冲液 (PBS ) 清洗 CAM处 2次, 进行激光照射。
PDT实施方案
630nm半导体激光仪, 按照不同药物、 剂 以及不同的光动力参数分组, 同 时设给药不照光、 照光不给药和空白对照组。
光剂量 5J/cm2 10J/cm2
开始照光时间 30min 90min 100mw/cm'
CAM损伤评价
激光照射后 1小时, 通过 CCD照相机纪录, 图像转入电脑放大, 评价血管损 伤的程度。 试验结果
不同药物剂量及光剂量光动力对血管的最大损伤结果见附图 7A-E,分别表示 光动力作用下, 三个不同参数——光剂量、 间隔时间、 药物浓度对血管损伤的影 响。 采用逐步回归法统计学评价不同治疗参数下血管损伤情况及各参数对损伤的 贡献如表 1所示。 可见血卟啉单丙醚、 血卟啉衍生物 (HpD ) 对血管损伤最大, 而血卟啉单甲醚对血管损伤最小; 在血卟啉单甲醚光动力各参数中, 光剂量对血 管损伤的作用最显著。
Figure imgf000010_0001
实施例 4: CNV小鼠模型的建立.
CNV模型按以下方法建立: 随机选取 20只成年雄性 C57BL-6J小鼠, 体重均 为 25g- 26g。 腹腔内注射 0. 3%戊巴比妥钠 200 L麻醉小鼠, 2%托品卡胺和 10%新 福林散瞳。 经裂隙灯及角膜接触镜, 将激光(波长 810nm、 直径 75 μ m、 照射时间 0. 1 s , 功率 140mW)导入小鼠眼里。 在激光照射后 1周进行荧光素眼底血管造影 (fundus fluorescence angiography, FFA),选取光凝点无荧光渗漏, 光凝点呈乳 白色(如图 4)的动物 9只, 进行组织切片观察确证造膜情况或者进一步进行光动 力治疗试验。
取上述动物 1只, 用过量戊巴比妥钠处死, 摘取眼球, 分别在 2%戊二醛和 4% 多聚甲酸中固定, 剖切眼球, 通过解剖镜辨别激光点, 将组织条块以 1%四氧化锇 固定, 乙醇梯度脱水, 环氧乙烷置换, 环氧树脂包埋, 连续切片, 甲苯胺蓝染色, 光镜观察。 .
光镜下可见视网膜下形成巨大管腔的新生血管,色素上皮细胞也异常增殖(图 5)。 表明成功建立了 CNV小鼠模型。 实施例 5: 血卟啉单甲醚在 CNV小鼠模型上的效果
试验方法
按实施例 3制备的 CNV模型小鼠 4只, 尾静脉注射剂量为 10mg/kg的血啉甲 醚冻干制剂。 注射后 15分钟用金蒸汽激光进行照光, 光斑直径 2000 μ ηι, 功率 密度 100 mW/cm2, 照光时间 200 s, 能量密度 20 J /cm2。 另取实施例 3制备的 CNV 模型小鼠 4只, 尾静脉注射相同剂量的生理盐水, 作为对照。 结果判定
一周后, 用过量戊巴比妥钠处死小鼠, 摘取眼球, 分别在 2%戊二醛和 4%多聚 甲醛中固定, 剖切眼球, 通过解剖镜辨别激光点,将组织条块以 1%四氧化锇固定, 乙醇梯度脱水, 环氧乙垸置换, 环氧树脂包埋, 连续切片, 甲苯胺蓝染色, 光镜 观察。 结果:
对照组可见大量脉络膜新血管生成, 色素上皮细胞开始包绕新生血管(如图
6A)。
实验组可见脉络膜毛细血管血栓形成,视网膜色素上皮层排列失去正常的连 贯性,外节排列紊乱、 空泡化, 外颗粒层细胞固缩,视网膜内层尚正常 (如图 6B)。
实施例 6: 血卟啉单甲醚光动力治疗大鼠 CNV模型
大鼠 CNV模型的建立
雄性棕色挪威 (BN) 大鼠, 体重 180〜220g, 实验前双眼前节和眼底检查均 正常。 腹腔注射 10%水合氯醛麻醉大鼠, 用复方托品酰胺眼液扩瞳, 放置角膜接 触镜,釆用波长 647nm的氪激光围绕视乳头等距光凝 8个点。激光功率为 360mW, 曝光时间 0.05s, 光斑直径 50um。 光凝时激光作用点产生浓白色光斑, 同时产生 气泡, 表明 Bmch膜被击穿, 有时可见视网膜内层或视网膜下少量出血。
光凝后每周行眼底检查、 荧光素眼底血管造影 (FFA) 和吲哚青绿血管造影 (ICGA) 检査。 光凝后第 21天经荧光素眼底血管造影和组织病理学检查 (取部 分眼) 确认 CNV形成。 FFA检查可见光凝斑有盘状荧光渗漏, ICGA检查证实荧 光渗漏的光凝斑有 CNV充盈。
组织病理学检査如下: 处死模型大鼠, 摘除眼球, 2.5 %戊二醛固定, 切取光 凝部位的眼组织, 经乙醇脱水、 透明、 浸蜡、 石蜡包埋后, 连续切片, HE染色封 片, 光显微镜下观察。 透射电镜标本经后固定、 脱水、 浸透和包埋、 切片染色观 察。 病理检查可见在光凝区 8^1(:11'8膜断裂, 视网膜色素上皮层 (RPE) 细胞向视 网膜内层增殖。 脉络膜有大量的新生血管长入。 血卟啉单甲醚对大鼠 CNV的光动力治疗效果
取造摸成功的 CNV模型大鼠, 分别尾静脉注射 5mg/kg、 10mg/kg, 20mg/kg 血卟啉单甲醚, 用波长 630imi的半导体激光治疗仪对 CNV进行照射。 同时设给 药不照光、照光不给药和模型对照组。 PDT治疗前和治疗后 7天进行 FFA和 ICGA 检査。 PDT治疗 7天后处死动物, 摘除眼球, 进行组织病理学检查。
结果: PDT治疗 7天后, FFA和 ICGA检查显示血管造影图像有不同程度的 变化。 CNV闭合在血管造影图像上的特征是光凝斑荧光渗漏消失。 结果显示不同 剂量的血卟啉单甲醚对大鼠的 CNV都有一定的闭合作用,剂量越高、光强度越高, 对新生血管的闭合作用越强。 给药到激光照射的间隔时间越长, 闭合血管所需的 药物剂量和光强度越高。 然而, 药物剂量、光强度超过一定限度会造成 CNV周围 正常组织 (脉络膜和视网膜的血管) 的损伤。 因此, 根据 PDT对 CNV的闭合效 果和对脉络膜和视网膜血管的损伤作用将治疗结果分为 3级: 0级, 无血管闭合; 1级, 仅闭合 CNV; 2级, 闭合视网膜和脉络膜血管。 在血管造影检查中 0级显 示光凝斑仍有荧光渗漏; 1级显示光凝斑荧光渗漏消失, 视网膜血管充盈; 2级显 示视网膜血管充盈欠缺, 视网膜内有染料聚集。 '
PDT参数的设置对 CNV治疗结果有不同的影响, 这些参数包括血卟啉单甲 醚给药剂量、给药到照光间隔时间、激光能量密度等。本试验对大鼠的 82个 CNV 模型在不同条件下进行了光动力治疗, 结果见表 2。 表 2.血卟啉单甲醚光动力治疗大鼠 CNV治疗效果
Figure imgf000013_0001
*治疗效果 0级: 无血管闭合;
1级: 选择性闭合 CNV和脉络膜血管;
2级: 闭合脉络膜和视网膜血管。 从表 2可以看出, 当给药剂量为 10mg/kg、 照光与给药时间间隔为 15分钟、 能量密度为 150J7cm2 (功率密度 600mW/cm2、 照光时间 250秒) 时血卟啉单甲醚 光动力治疗大鼠 CNV的效果最好, 9个 CNV都得到了选择性闭合, 而对 CNV周 围的脉络膜血管和视网膜血管没有闭合作用。
组织学检查: 在 PDT7天后, 处死动物, 摘除眼球, 进行组织病理学检查。 病理检查显示在注射剂量 10mg/kg后 15分钟进行照光, 能量密度为 150J/cm2 (功 率密度 600mW/cm2、 照光时间 250秒) 的情况下, 脉络膜的新生血管管腔闭合, 管腔内充满细胞碎片。 视网膜的毛细血管和大血管、 脉络膜的大血管管腔开放且 没有损伤。 治疗效果为 2级的其他剂量组脉络膜和视网膜的血管均有不同程度的 损伤。 对照组可见大量新生血管。
本实施例表明血卟啉单甲醚可选择性地破坏脉络膜新生血管, 从而治疗因此 引发的眼部疾病, 如年龄相关性黄斑变性。 实施例 7: 血卟啉单甲醚光动力治疗兔角膜新生血管
兔角膜缝线法诱发角膜新生血管
选取体重 2〜3.5Kg的新西兰大白兔, 冲洗结膜囊, 地卡因 (12.5mg/ml) 术 前点眼 3次, 开睑器开睑, 采用三角针于上方角膜作缝线, 缝线上端距角膜缘约 2.5mm, 缝线埋入角膜基质层的长度约 3mm。 3天后裂隙灯观察可见新生血管生 长, 至第 18天可见新生血管生长旺盛。 PDT
取诱发角膜新生血管成功的模型兔,于缝线手术后第 19天耳缘静脉注射血卟 啉单甲醚 10mg/kg,注射后 20分钟用波长 514nm的氩离子激光器对角膜新生血管 进行照射。 激光功率密度为 650mW/cm2, 能量密度分别为 50J/cm2、 75 J/cm2、 150 J/cm2, 同时设只给药不照光、 只照光不给药和模型对照组。 疗效观察
在 PDT治疗前、 治疗后 2天、 1周、 2周通过裂隙灯对角膜进行摄影, 计算 机数字图像扫描, 采用 NIH Image图像处理程序计算 PDT前后角膜新生血管的面 积。 结果显示, 激光能量密度为 50J/cm2和 75 J/cm2时, 分别有 30%和 48 %的模 型兔的角膜新生血管消退, 但 3〜4天后, 新生血管有复发。 光密度为 150 J/cm2, 68 %的模型兔的新生血管消退, 且 2周内无复发。 只给药不照光、 只照光不给药 和模型对照组兔角膜新生血管面积没有变化。
组织病理学观察: PDT治疗 2天后, 部分动物处死, 摘除眼球, 4%多聚甲醛 固定、 石蜡包埋、 切片、 HE染色, 光显微镜下观察。 光镜下显示角膜的新生血管 内皮细胞层被破坏, 角膜的上皮层、 基质层及内皮层没有损伤, 虹膜、 腌状体及 血管内皮没有损伤。 对照组可见大量新生血管。
本实施例的结果表明血卟啉单甲醚可选择性地破坏角膜新生血管, 从而治疗 由此引发的眼部疾病。 本发明的结果表明,血卟啉单甲醚可有效抑制有害血管如脉络膜新血管生成, 从而可有效治疗因有害血管形成而导致的各种眼科疾病, 如角膜、 虹膜、 视网膜 或脉络膜上有害的新血管形成导致的眼病, 特别是年龄相关性黄斑变性。 在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考, 就如同每一篇文献被 单独引用作为参考那样。 此外应理解, 在阅读了本发明的上述讲授内容之后, 本 领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改, 这些等价形式同样落于本申请所 附权利要求书所限定的范围。

Claims

1 . 血卟啉单甲醚的用途, 其特征在于, 用于制备治疗眼科疾病的药物。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述眼科疾病是因有害的新生血 管形成而导致的疾病。
3. 如权利要求 2所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述的新生血管形成发生在角膜、 虹膜、 视网膜或脉络膜。
4. 如权利要求 3所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述的新生血管形成发生在脉络 膜上。
5. 如权利要求 1所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述的眼科疾病选自下组: 黄斑 变性、 眼组织胞浆菌病综合症、 近视、 或炎症性疾病。
6. 如权利要求 1所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述的血卟啉单甲醚为如下结构 式的化合物
Figure imgf000015_0001
式中, R1为 1-羟基-乙基、 1-甲氧基-乙基; R2为 1_羟基-乙基、 1-甲氧基-乙基。
7. 如权利要求 1所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述药物的给药剂量为 0. 1- 100mg/kg体重, 按血卟啉单甲醚计算。
8. 如权利要求 1所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述的治疗是光动力治疗。
9. 如权利要求 8所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述光动力治疗条件是照射的光 通量为 50- 200焦耳 /cm2, 光照度为 50- 800mW/ cm2, 波长为 630 ± 20nm。
10. 血卟啉单甲醚的用途, 其特征在于, 用作光动力治疗眼科疾病的光敏剂。
11 . 一种治疗眼部有害新生血管疾病的方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下步骤- 给予需要治疗的患者有效治疗剂量的血卟啉单甲醚, 使血卟啉单甲醚聚集 在眼内的新生血管区域,
用 630 ± 20腿的激光照射该区域足够时间, 使激光被血卟啉单甲醚吸收从 而阻断该新生血管。
PCT/CN2004/000970 2003-08-25 2004-08-20 Ether de monomethyle d'hematoporphyrine utilise pour le traitement de troubles oculaires WO2005018634A1 (fr)

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