WO2005012906A1 - メカノケミカル式センサー - Google Patents
メカノケミカル式センサー Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005012906A1 WO2005012906A1 PCT/JP2004/010657 JP2004010657W WO2005012906A1 WO 2005012906 A1 WO2005012906 A1 WO 2005012906A1 JP 2004010657 W JP2004010657 W JP 2004010657W WO 2005012906 A1 WO2005012906 A1 WO 2005012906A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- thin film
- mechanochemical
- functional thin
- sensor
- mechanochemical sensor
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6813—Hybridisation assays
- C12Q1/6816—Hybridisation assays characterised by the detection means
- C12Q1/6825—Nucleic acid detection involving sensors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/02—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by absorbing or adsorbing components of a material and determining change of weight of the adsorbent, e.g. determining moisture content
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a mechanochemical sensor, and more particularly to a mechanochemical sensor that detects mechanical deformation of a functional thin film and detects a chemical reaction of the functional thin film based on the mechanical deformation. .
- a force sensor for detecting a minute change in mechanical properties has to be used in a large size due to the structure of the device, and there is a limit in detection sensitivity in view of the size effect.
- SAM Self-Assemble Monolayer
- an object of the present invention is to provide a mechanochemical sensor that solves the above-mentioned problems.
- the mechanochemical sensor according to the present invention comprises:
- a micromechanical structure in which a functional thin film is formed on at least a part of the surface thereof, and a supporting means for supporting the micromechanical structure,
- Detecting means for detecting mechanical property changes (at least one of physical property changes such as expansion, contraction, elastic constant, and stress change) of the micro mechanical structure Container)
- a chemical reaction or the like of a functional thin film is detected based on the detected mechanical deformation. I can put it out.
- a micromechanical structure in which a functional thin film is formed in advance is used, a higher detection signal with a higher bonding strength between the functional thin film and the microstructure can be obtained, resulting in higher measurement accuracy and measurement. Sensitivity can be improved.
- a functional thin film with a minute amount detection function can be attached to this sensor as it is deposited, eliminating the two-step operation of conventional deposition, peeling, and attachment. Since the influence of the stress generated inside the film at the time of peeling and mounting can be completely eliminated, the measurement can be performed with extremely high accuracy and high sensitivity.
- the mechanochemical sensor according to the present invention includes:
- the microstructure includes a first region in which the functional thin film is formed on a surface thereof, and a second region supported by the support means, and the first and second regions are separated from each other.
- the first region is a thin film
- a change in mechanical properties of a functional thin film can be detected with high sensitivity and high accuracy by making the first region a thin film as thin as possible. Further, by separating the second region from the first region, the influence on the functional thin film existing in the first region can be suppressed, and the measurement accuracy and the measurement sensitivity can be further improved. That is, by supporting the structure in the second region where the functional thin film is not formed, it is possible to reduce a change in the mechanical properties of the functional thin film formed on the surface. And the measurement accuracy can be further improved.
- the plurality of microstructures are provided, and each of the microstructures includes a different functional thin film.
- measurement and quantification of a sample solution containing one or more unknown substances can be performed in a single operation.
- the functional thin film may be a biopolymer (for example, a protein) or a synthetic polymer (for example, a functional resin, a synthetic fiber, a synthetic rubber, or the like).
- a biopolymer for example, a protein
- a synthetic polymer for example, a functional resin, a synthetic fiber, a synthetic rubber, or the like.
- other materials metal that can be formed in the thin film formation region of the microstructure and can be fixed to the surface of the region with a certain amount of bonding force and that react with the target material at some force. Or inorganic substances) obtain.
- the mechanochemical sensor according to the present invention includes:
- the functional thin film is formed directly on the surface of the microstructure by electrospray deposition (ESD).
- the ESD method can form a film in any temperature range without heating during film formation, the mechanical activity of a functional material (protein) or the like, which is a material of the film at the time of film formation, can be improved. And the biological activity is not impaired at all, which further improves the measurement sensitivity and the measurement accuracy.
- a functional material protein
- the biological activity is not impaired at all, which further improves the measurement sensitivity and the measurement accuracy.
- the mechanochemical sensor according to the present invention includes:
- the functional thin film is formed directly on the surface of the microstructure by an inkjet method.
- the ink jet method has various advantages such as low cost of the apparatus and high reproducibility of film formation.
- the inkjet method and the ESD method can produce an extremely thin thin film with good reproducibility.
- the mechanochemical sensor according to the present invention includes:
- the detection means has a region (a portion acting as a fulcrum of a lever, for example, a hinge portion) in which no or very small displacement occurs due to a change in mechanical properties of the functional thin film,
- the region is placed near the liquid surface
- a mechanochemical sensor characterized by the following.
- the mechanochemical sensor according to the present invention includes:
- the detection means includes a force detection sensor, and an actuator that applies tension such as initial tension to the functional thin film, It is characterized by that.
- the mechanochemical sensor according to the invention is a mechanochemical sensor according to the invention.
- the micromechanical structure includes a microcantilever, and the functional thin film is formed on the microcantilever,
- the detection means is a sensor (an optical lever sensor, a laser interferometer, or the like) capable of detecting bending deformation of the micro cantilever of the micro mechanical structure.
- the mechanochemical detection method according to the present invention includes:
- FIG. 1 is an integrated microstructure used in a mechanochemical sensor according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a structure of a (detector main body).
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a basic configuration of a mechanochemical sensor according to the present invention using the integrated detector shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a basic configuration of a mechanochemical sensor according to the present invention using the integrated detector shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the configuration of the flow cell portion (the effect of reducing the water level fluctuation force) of the integrated detector in more detail.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing steps of a method for manufacturing a microstructure used as a detector main body (photolithography + precision machining).
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a method of forming a functional thin film on a detector main body used in the present invention using an ESD method.
- Figure 6 shows a microstructure with a functional thin film formed on the surface of a cantilever (cantilever). It is a figure showing the composition of the mechanochemical type sensor used.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing a detection signal when one lactalbumin is detected by the mechanochemical sensor according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the same experimental results without forming a protein thin film.
- the functional material by forming the functional material integrally on a microstructure prepared in advance, the functional material can be miniaturized and miniaturized, and the handling thereof can be facilitated, and the detection speed and sensitivity can be improved.
- This allows for improved detection, miniaturization of the medium to be detected, and simultaneous detection with a large number of samples.
- the resonance frequency can be kept high even when using an elastically deformed part with extremely low confluence due to the size effect, so that changes in the mechanical properties of the functional thin film can be performed with high sensitivity and high accuracy. Can be detected.
- the functional thin film directly on the microstructure, the strength of the junction with the microstructure can be greatly increased, and a larger detection signal can be obtained. Furthermore, the use of electrospray deposition or ink jet as a method of forming a functional thin film allows the formation of a thin film (100 band and a few ⁇ m) thicker than a monomolecular film. A signal can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the structure of an integrated microstructure (detector main body) used in a mechanochemical sensor according to the present invention.
- the detector main body (integrated microstructure) 10 is composed of a support part 11 to be attached to the main body, and two arms 14a, 14a, Consists of b.
- One arm 14a of the two arms is connected to an actuator, and the other arm 14b is connected to a micro-force sensor.
- the thin film formation region 16 connected to the lower ends of the two arms is thinned to a thickness of about 1 to 10 ⁇ m (about 100 to 1000 ⁇ m in the longitudinal direction).
- a functional polymer / protein chip that is, a functional thin film 18 is bonded.
- the connection between the chip and the detector body can be made directly by the electrospray method. It is possible to apply an immobilizing material such as carboxymethyl dextran beforehand.
- the elastic hinge portion 12 has a width of about 1 to 10 xm, which is thinner than the thickness, and has a very low rigidity in a direction in a plane in a front view, but a large rigidity in a direction perpendicular to the plane.
- the two levers can be moved only in the longitudinal direction of the protein membrane. As a result, the influence of the film twisting or the like can be minimized.
- the two arms 14 are connected to both ends of the thin film formation region 16 (this is the point of emphasis).
- the arm 14 functions as a lever (lever), and the elastic hinge 12 functions as a fulcrum. Then, the upper part of the arm 14 contacts a sensor (not shown) or a actuator (not shown), and that portion functions as an action point, and changes in mechanical properties of the functional thin film 18 on the thin film formation region 16. Is measured with high sensitivity.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a basic configuration of a mechanochemyl sensor according to the present invention using the integrated detector shown in FIG.
- the mechanochemical sensor 100 includes a base 110, a detector mounting portion (supporting means) 120, an integrated detector (detector main body) 130, a small force sensor 140, a piezoelectric actuator 150, and a fine movement stage. 152, and a flow cell 160. Further, the integrated detector 130 is supported by the mounting portion 120 of the base 110. The integrated detector 130 is formed on an arm 134a in contact with the piezoelectric actuator 150, an arm 134b in contact with the micro-force sensor 140, a thin film formation region 136, and a surface formed in the thin film formation region. 138 (in this example, a protein film is used). Although not shown, this sensor is an AZD converter that converts the detected signal into a digital value. DSP or a display that displays the detection results as a graph, a storage device that stores the measurement results, an actuator, a fine movement stage, and a micro force. It also has a controller to control sensors and other devices.
- the part supported by the integrated detector 130 is relatively large (about 15 mm) and has excellent strength, so that it can be easily handled by holding it with tweezers or the like.
- the piezoelectric actuator 150 is an element capable of generating a displacement of about 1 to 100 ⁇ m, and is used to apply elastic vibration to a protein film during an analysis process and to measure an elastic modulus.
- Force sensor 140 has a resolution of about 1 ⁇ 1 or less, and the force generated by the expansion and contraction of the protein membrane Is detected via the arm (lever) on the right side, and the change in expansion and contraction and the change in elastic modulus based on the change in molecular level caused by the binding of the functional polymer film / membrane and the target substance are measured.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the configuration of the flow cell portion (the effect of reducing the water level fluctuation force) of the integrated detector in more detail.
- the thin film forming region 136 and the functional thin film (protein chip) 138 which are the tip portions of the detector, are immersed in a flow cell 160 through which a solution containing a target substance flows.
- a buffer solution for keeping the pH constant and a solution containing the target substance are alternately flowed to check whether or not a reaction by the target substance occurs.
- the force of the water surface of the flow cell 160 fluctuating due to the pulsation of the pump for feeding the solution or the influence of vibration, etc.
- the size of the flow cell 160 and the protein chip is very small, so the influence of the surface tension, which is the area force, is large. Therefore, there is a problem that this acts as a disturbance to the signal.
- the flow cell includes a liquid supply device (such as a pump) capable of supplying a fixed amount of liquid.
- a temperature control device such as a thermostat that keeps the entire sensor (at least the functional thin film and the arm portion of the microstructure) at a constant temperature. ) Is preferred.
- a displacement enlarging mechanism can be incorporated in the microstructure.
- multiple microstructures i.e., functional thin films of multiple different substances
- FIG. 4 shows a method of manufacturing a microstructure used as a detector body (photolithography + precision It is a figure which shows the process of (machining method).
- a thick-film photoresist (SU-8) or the like is applied on the wafer, exposed through a mask, and developed. Thereby, the shape of the fine structure is formed by the photoresist.
- This process can use an X-ray process.
- the structure of the photoresist is subjected to an electric structure of nickel, chromium, etc. to form a structure. Since the structure formed at this time is greatly deteriorated in flatness due to the electric structure, it is subjected to ultra-precision grinding. Using a processing method (such as an ELID grinding method), flattening is performed or necessary steps are performed.
- the photoresist is removed and the finished microstructure 410 is taken out, so that mass production can be performed at low cost.
- a machining method such as an ultra-precision machining method, a discharge machining method, or press punching.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a method of forming a functional thin film on the detector body used in the present invention by using the ESD method.
- An electrospray deposition (ESD) method can be used as a technique for forming a functional thin film on a microstructure.
- a water-soluble polymer (PVP or the like) is applied in advance to the lower part of the microstructure 510, and a thin film of a functional polymer protein or the like is formed from the top of the water-soluble polymer by the elect-port spray deposition method.
- the functional polymer is immobilized by a method such as treatment with a cross-linking agent (such as dataraldehyde) with steam.
- a cross-linking agent such as dataraldehyde
- the underlying water-soluble polymer and the like are dissolved, and the microstructure integrated with the independent thin film can be taken out.
- a water-soluble polymer base is not required, but a functional thin film can be formed by the same method.
- a thin film can also be formed by an ink-jet method, a micro-stamping method, a method using an atomizer using a piezoelectric actuator and a collecting action by electrostatic force, or a spotting method. It is.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration of a mechanochemical sensor using a microstructure in which a functional thin film is formed on the surface of a cantilever (cantilever).
- a functional thin film 618 is coated on the surface of the lever portion 605 of the cantilever 610 as a microstructure.
- the functional thin film 618 is fixed to the surface of the cantilever that does not stand alone.
- a change in the physical properties of the functional thin film 618 (elongation and contraction, change in elastic constant) generates tension on the surface of the lever 605, and the amount of bending of the lever changes.
- This change is caused by irradiating the functional thin film 618 with a laser from a laser light source and detecting the reflected light with a four-division photodiode 630.
- this change is detected by an optical lever, a piezoresistive detector, a laser interferometer, or the like.
- a plastic material can be used in addition to silicon and metal.
- a functional thin film on the surface of the lever part of the cantilever it is possible to use an electorifice Z spray 'deposition method, an inkjet method, a screen printing method, or the like.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing a detection signal when a mechanochemical sensor according to the present invention detects Hi-lactalbumin.
- a structure is formed using an epoxy-based photoresist (MicroChem SU-8) as a cantilever-type microstructure, and a gold thin film is deposited on the surface to make it conductive, and electrospray deposition is performed on top of it.
- Protein (a-lactalbumin) thin film It was.
- the detection signal was obtained by dropping pure water, a buffer solution (HEPES), and a calcium solution while monitoring the displacement by the “light lever method” from below the cantilever.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing a similar experimental result in a state where no protein thin film is formed.
- the device according to the present invention is capable of detecting, quantifying, and analyzing minute substances in liquids and gases, or detecting light, temperature, radiation, etc., by a specific chemical reaction between a functional thin film and substances in liquids and gases. Used for detection, quantification, and analysis of environmental changes.
- the main fields of application are biochemical analysis for pharmaceuticals and medical care, analysis of small organic substances and proteins in biochemistry and molecular biology, water quality testing in chemistry, biological plants, agriculture, etc. It can be used for concentration quantitative management. It can also be used to detect trace gases in the air and to measure environmental changes such as light, temperature, and radiation.
- a solution was used as a detection target in the embodiment, but this is merely an example, and a substance that causes some interaction with a functional thin film, a gas, radiation, an electromagnetic wave, light, or the like may be used. Detection and quantification are possible with a mechanochemical sensor.
- a protein is used as the functional thin film.
- a protein amorphous film, a protein crystallized film, and the like can be used, and other organic polymer films, metal films, and inorganic films can be used. Ceramic films and the like can also be used.
- rod-like, fibrous, plate-like and film-like substances other than membranes can also be used.
- the mechanical properties to be measured include elastic constants (longitudinal elasticity, lateral elasticity, It can measure various things such as Poisson's ratio), internal damping constant, and change in natural length (stretch).
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
- Micromachines (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
- Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002534072A CA2534072A1 (en) | 2003-07-30 | 2004-07-27 | Mechanochemical sensor |
AU2004262192A AU2004262192B2 (en) | 2003-07-30 | 2004-07-27 | Mechanochemical type sensor |
US10/566,355 US7650804B2 (en) | 2003-07-30 | 2004-07-27 | Mechanochemical sensor |
EP04747970A EP1650564B1 (en) | 2003-07-30 | 2004-07-27 | Mechanochemical type sensor |
DE602004017184T DE602004017184D1 (de) | 2003-07-30 | 2004-07-27 | Mechanochemischer typensensor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003204075A JP4247554B2 (ja) | 2003-07-30 | 2003-07-30 | メカノケミカル式センサー |
JP2003-204075 | 2003-07-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005012906A1 true WO2005012906A1 (ja) | 2005-02-10 |
Family
ID=34113635
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2004/010657 WO2005012906A1 (ja) | 2003-07-30 | 2004-07-27 | メカノケミカル式センサー |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7650804B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1650564B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4247554B2 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE411521T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2004262192B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2534072A1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602004017184D1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005012906A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20110197684A1 (en) * | 2003-05-16 | 2011-08-18 | Kambiz Vafai | Epsilon-shaped microcantilever assembly with enhanced deflections for sensing, cooling, and microfluidic applications |
WO2009157055A1 (ja) * | 2008-06-24 | 2009-12-30 | 株式会社フォスメガ | 磁気ヘッド、ヘッドアッセンブリ、及び、磁気記録装置 |
US9102418B2 (en) | 2010-10-28 | 2015-08-11 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Cantilevered differential motion sensor and associated frame |
Citations (2)
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JP2003136005A (ja) * | 2001-11-05 | 2003-05-13 | Inst Of Physical & Chemical Res | 固定化装置 |
JP2003185665A (ja) * | 2001-10-23 | 2003-07-03 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | 相補分子間の結合検出方法およびその方法に利用されるせん断応力測定センサー |
Family Cites Families (14)
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FR2523304A1 (fr) * | 1982-03-09 | 1983-09-16 | Testut Aequitas | Dynamometre a poutre de flexion |
US4666198A (en) * | 1984-09-06 | 1987-05-19 | Microflex Technology, Inc. | Piezoelectric polymer microgripper |
US4896098A (en) * | 1987-01-08 | 1990-01-23 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Turbulent shear force microsensor |
US5444244A (en) * | 1993-06-03 | 1995-08-22 | Park Scientific Instruments Corporation | Piezoresistive cantilever with integral tip for scanning probe microscope |
US5726480A (en) * | 1995-01-27 | 1998-03-10 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Etchants for use in micromachining of CMOS Microaccelerometers and microelectromechanical devices and method of making the same |
CA2258239C (en) * | 1996-06-20 | 2005-09-06 | New York University | Detection of ligand interaction with polymeric material |
WO1998050773A2 (en) * | 1997-05-08 | 1998-11-12 | University Of Minnesota | Microcantilever biosensor |
US6221653B1 (en) * | 1999-04-27 | 2001-04-24 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Method of performing array-based hybridization assays using thermal inkjet deposition of sample fluids |
EP1226437B1 (en) | 1999-11-03 | 2004-08-11 | International Business Machines Corporation | Cantilever sensors and transducers |
JP4797196B2 (ja) | 2001-02-14 | 2011-10-19 | 株式会社 フューエンス | マイクロチップ |
US6474787B2 (en) * | 2001-03-21 | 2002-11-05 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Flextensional transducer |
US6941823B1 (en) * | 2001-11-07 | 2005-09-13 | Veeco Instruments Inc. | Apparatus and method to compensate for stress in a microcantilever |
WO2003081204A2 (en) * | 2002-03-20 | 2003-10-02 | Purdue Research Foundation | Microscale sensor element and related device and method of manufacture |
US8277713B2 (en) * | 2004-05-03 | 2012-10-02 | Dexcom, Inc. | Implantable analyte sensor |
-
2003
- 2003-07-30 JP JP2003204075A patent/JP4247554B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-07-27 US US10/566,355 patent/US7650804B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-07-27 DE DE602004017184T patent/DE602004017184D1/de active Active
- 2004-07-27 EP EP04747970A patent/EP1650564B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2004-07-27 AU AU2004262192A patent/AU2004262192B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-07-27 WO PCT/JP2004/010657 patent/WO2005012906A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-07-27 AT AT04747970T patent/ATE411521T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-07-27 CA CA002534072A patent/CA2534072A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2003185665A (ja) * | 2001-10-23 | 2003-07-03 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | 相補分子間の結合検出方法およびその方法に利用されるせん断応力測定センサー |
JP2003136005A (ja) * | 2001-11-05 | 2003-05-13 | Inst Of Physical & Chemical Res | 固定化装置 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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FRITZ J. ET AL: "Translating biomolecular recognition into nanomechanics", SCIENCE, vol. 288, 2000, pages 316 - 318, XP000971747 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE411521T1 (de) | 2008-10-15 |
CA2534072A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
JP2005049145A (ja) | 2005-02-24 |
US7650804B2 (en) | 2010-01-26 |
EP1650564B1 (en) | 2008-10-15 |
DE602004017184D1 (de) | 2008-11-27 |
JP4247554B2 (ja) | 2009-04-02 |
EP1650564A1 (en) | 2006-04-26 |
US20060219030A1 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
AU2004262192B2 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
AU2004262192A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
EP1650564A4 (en) | 2006-10-11 |
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