WO2005007938A1 - Si系結晶の成長方法、Si系結晶、Si系結晶基板及び太陽電池 - Google Patents
Si系結晶の成長方法、Si系結晶、Si系結晶基板及び太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005007938A1 WO2005007938A1 PCT/JP2004/010213 JP2004010213W WO2005007938A1 WO 2005007938 A1 WO2005007938 A1 WO 2005007938A1 JP 2004010213 W JP2004010213 W JP 2004010213W WO 2005007938 A1 WO2005007938 A1 WO 2005007938A1
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- crystal
- based crystal
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- growing
- melt
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/02—Elements
- C30B29/06—Silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B11/00—Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/546—Polycrystalline silicon PV cells
Definitions
- Si-based crystal growth method Si-based crystal, Si-based crystal substrate and solar cell
- the present invention relates to a method for growing a Si-based crystal, a Si-based crystal obtained by the method, and a Si-based crystal substrate and a solar cell using the Si-based crystal.
- the casting method is based on the solidification method of the melt in which the temperature gradient at the solid-liquid interface is increased, it is essentially difficult to sufficiently increase the crystal quality.
- the polycrystalline Si produced by the casting method has a columnar crystal structure, and its crystal orientation is random, with almost regularity.
- the Balta-shaped Si polycrystal is cut out to produce a Si wafer, and when a solar cell is produced by using the wafer or when a predetermined Si thin film or SiGe thin film is formed on the wafer.
- a solar cell is manufactured by being formed, it is not possible to form a structure having a uniform shape and orientation for effectively absorbing the sunlight by preventing the reflection of sunlight in the solar cell. Therefore, the conversion efficiency of the solar cell has deteriorated, for example, to about 80% or less when compared with a solar cell made of a single crystal Si wafer.
- the present invention provides a method for growing a Si-based crystal using a casting method, wherein the crystal orientation of the Si-based crystal can be freely controlled, and a wafer obtained by cutting from the Si-based crystal is specified. After the etching operation of the above, to have a texture structure with uniform shape orientation
- Means for solving the problem [0006] The present invention that achieves the above object is:
- a method for growing a Si-based crystal comprising:
- a crystal piece containing at least Si is arranged at the bottom of the crucible for cast growth, and then a Si raw material is arranged above the crystal piece. Then, when the Si raw material is heated and melted to produce a Si melt, and cooled and solidified to grow unidirectionally, at least a part of the crystal flakes is left undissolved, and the remaining part is always kept. The bottom of the Si melt is brought into contact with the Si melt. Therefore, the nucleus growth of the Si-based crystal starts from the remaining portion of the crystal piece, and then the Si-based crystal grows in the negative direction from the growth nucleus as the solidification proceeds.
- the Si-based crystal becomes the main surface of the crystal piece. It grows under the influence of the orientation direction. Also, if the crystal fragments are composed of granular materials,
- the orientation itself of the crystal pieces does not affect the growth of the Si-based crystal, and crystals having various orientations are mixed.
- the growth orientation of the Si-based crystal depends on the composition of the Si melt and the subsequent cooling and solidifying operation.
- the step of forming the Si melt includes the step of forming the Si melt.
- the remainder of the crystal piece covers the entire bottom of the Si melt.
- the effect of aligning the crystal grains in the Si-based crystal can be promoted, and the surface of the wafer cut from the Si-based crystal has a textured structure. Is formed.
- the lower part of the cast growth crucible is cooled, so that at least a part of the crystal pieces is cooled. Let it survive. Accordingly, a predetermined amount of crystal pieces that do not depend on the shape and size of the cast growth crucible, the shape and characteristics of the heating furnace, the composition and the amount of the crystal pieces, and the like are constantly dissolved. Can be left.
- a growth rate of the Si-based crystal is controlled.
- the Si-based crystal is appropriately adjusted in consideration of these balances, the Si-based crystal oriented in a predetermined crystal direction according to the growth rate can be obtained.
- the growth rate of the Si-based crystal is increased during the growth of the Si-based crystal. .
- the orientation alignment effect of the Si-based crystal can be increased.
- a predetermined additional element is added to the Si melt to form the Si-based crystal. It is preferable to control the growth direction.
- the crystal orientation of the Si-based crystal can be freely controlled. It is possible to easily form a structure having a uniform shape and orientation in the Si-based crystal so that a wafer obtained by cutting from the above has a texture structure with a uniform shape and orientation after a predetermined etching operation.
- FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 are diagrams for explaining an example of the method for producing a Si-based crystal of the present invention.
- crystal piece 12 is arranged at the bottom of cast growth crucible 11, and Si raw material 13 above crystal piece 12 is arranged.
- the crucible 11 is placed in a heating furnace (not shown). Further, the bottom of crucible 11 is preferably flat or conical.
- the crystal piece 12 can take any form such as a plate shape and a granular shape. As described above, in the case of a plate-shaped crystal piece, the growth orientation of the Si-based crystal obtained later is influenced by the crystal orientation of the main surface of the crystal piece.
- the crystal piece 12 may be a single crystal or a polycrystal.
- the size of the crystal piece 12 is preferably lmm 10mm. This limits the number of nucleation of the Si-based crystal to be obtained later, promotes the growth of a columnar structure having a large grain size, and performs unidirectional growth to form a large grain with a uniform crystal orientation.
- a Si-based polycrystal having a columnar structure having a diameter can be obtained. Then, by performing a predetermined etching operation on a wafer having a uniform crystal orientation cut out from the Si-based polycrystal, a texture structure having a uniform shape and direction can be easily formed.
- the size means a size per one side of the plate-shaped crystal piece.
- the size means the diameter of the granular crystal pieces.
- crystal piece 12 may include, for example, Ge as an element that does not affect the unidirectional growth of a target Si-based crystal that is required to contain at least Si.
- the crystal piece 12 has a composition of Si Ge (0 ⁇ X ⁇ 1). But get later By appropriately controlling the composition of the Si melt and the cooling and solidifying operation, the desired Si-based crystal can be obtained even if the crystal piece 12 is composed only of Ge.
- the crucible 11 is heated by a heating furnace (not shown) to dissolve the Si raw material 13 and generate a Si melt 14.
- a certain amount of the crystal pieces 12 also dissolves into the Si melt 14.
- the cooling gas is introduced so as to directly hit the bottom of the crucible 11 from below the crucible 11, or the lower portion of the crucible 11 is positioned outside the heating region of the heating furnace, The bottom is cooled such that at least a portion of the crystal piece 12 remains.
- the remaining portion 12 A of the crystal piece 12 covers the entire bottom of the Si melt 14. Therefore, it is possible to control and limit the number of nuclei formed at the initial stage of growth of the target Si-based crystal, and to promote the formation of a columnar structure having a large grain size by performing unidirectional growth, thereby achieving a predetermined growth condition. By the control, it is possible to obtain the Si-based crystal in which the orientations of the crystal grains are aligned. As a result, a texture structure having a uniform shape and orientation can be reliably formed on the wafer surface cut out from the Si-based crystal after a predetermined etching process.
- Si-based crystal 15 is obtained by unidirectional growth centering on a nucleus grown from remaining portion 12A of crystal piece 12, and therefore the grain size is controlled in the preferred orientation in the interior. At the same time, a crystal structure in which the orientation of crystal grains is aligned is formed. In addition, it is generally a polycrystal having a columnar structure.
- the pulling speed of the crucible 11 directly affects the growth speed of the Si-based crystal 15, it is appropriately determined in consideration of the growth speed of the Si-based crystal 15. In order to prevent crystal defects from being introduced into the Si-based crystal 15, the pulling speed of the crucible 11 is reduced, and Reduce the growth rate of 15. In order to promote the orientation alignment of the crystal grains of the S-based crystal 15, the pulling speed of the crucible 11 is increased, and the growth speed of the Si-based crystal 15 is increased.
- the pulling speed of crucible 11 is controlled and the growth speed of Si-based crystal 15 is controlled.
- the growth direction can be controlled. For example, by setting the growth rate of the Si-based crystal 15 to 0.1 mm / min / ImmZ, the growth orientation of the Si-based crystal can be controlled in the [111] direction. Further, by setting the growth rate of the Si-based crystal 15 to lmm / min-1OmmZ, the growth orientation of the Si-based crystal can be controlled in the [110] or [112] direction.
- the orientation alignment is promoted by increasing the growth rate of Si-based crystal 15, during the growth of Si-based crystal 15, for example, after nucleation from remaining 12 A of crystal piece 12 is completed.
- the orientation alignment effect can be promoted.
- the growth rate in the initial stage of growth can be controlled in a large range, and the orientation alignment effect can be controlled. Can be promoted.
- the growth orientation of the Si-based crystal 15 can also be controlled by adding a predetermined additional element to the Si melt 14. It is naturally required that the additional element does not hinder the one-way control of the Si-based crystal 15, and specific examples thereof include Ge.
- the Si-based crystal 15 can be grown in the [110] direction by including Ge in the Si melt 14 in a range of 0.1 atomic% and 20 atomic%. Further, when Ge is contained in the Si melt at a content of 20 atomic% or more, preferably 80 atomic% or less, the force S for growing the Si-based crystal 15 in the [100] direction can be obtained. In the case where the growth direction of the Si-based crystal 15 is controlled by controlling the composition in the Si melt 14, the influence of the above-mentioned crystal growth is minimized by, for example, forming the crystal pieces 12 from granular ones. Don't give it, prefer to do it. In addition, in particular, by forming crystal pieces 12 from a plate-like material and arranging the crystal faces thereof in the [111], [100], or [110] directions, as described above, It is possible to promote accurate orientation alignment.
- the additional element at least one selected from the group consisting of C, Ga, In, Al, P, As, Sb, and B can be selected instead of Ge.
- the addition amount is 0.1 atomic% to 20 atomic%.
- the Si-based crystal 15 obtained as described above is in the shape of a barta, it is necessary to provide a Si-based crystal substrate that can be used as a substrate for a solar cell or the like by cutting it out and forming a wafer. Power S can.
- an operation layer is stacked on the substrate.
- the operating layer is constituted by a high-quality epitaxial crystal thin film made of Si, SiGe, or the like.
- the thin film can be prepared by using a liquid phase epitaxy method, a gas phase epitaxy method, a molecular beam epitaxy method, or the like.
- the wafer can be used as a crystal for operation and used directly as a solar cell.
- a pn junction is provided in the wafer to form an active layer, and the surface thereof is subjected to a predetermined etching to form a texture structure.
- the obtained solar cell can suppress the reflection of sunlight and can realize high conversion efficiency.
- a Si crystal piece having a diameter of 3 to 8 mm was placed in a quartz crucible having an inner diameter of 30 mm, and then a Si raw material made of pure Si crystal was placed above the Si crystal piece.
- the inside of the furnace was heated to 1450 ° C. to dissolve the Si raw material and produce a Si melt.
- the lower portion of the crucible was cooled by circulating a cooling gas so that the Si crystal pieces did not completely dissolve. Further, a temperature gradient of 40 ° C.Zcm was generated in the heating furnace.
- the crucible was pulled down at a rate (growth rate) of 0.4 mm / min to obtain a predetermined S-linked crystal.
- FIG. 4 is an OIM (Orientation Image Microscope) photograph of a cross section of the Si-based crystal. From FIG. 4, it is found that about 50% of the crystal grains of the Si-based crystal are [111] oriented. I am clear.
- FIG. 5 is an OIM photograph of a cross section of the Si-based crystal. From FIG. 5, it was found that about 50% of the Si crystals had [112] orientation.
- Si-based crystals were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Ge was contained in the Si melt at a rate of 50 atomic% and the crucible was pulled down at 0.5 mm / min. When the orientation at this time was examined by OIM, it was confirmed that the orientation was in the [100] or [110] direction.
- FIG. 6 is an OIM photograph of a cross section of the Si-based crystal. From FIG. 6, it can be seen that about 70% of the Si crystal is [110] oriented.
- Example 14 A wafer having a size of 20 ⁇ 18 mm 2 and a thickness of 500 / im was cut out from the Si-based crystal obtained in 1-4, and was used as a substrate. Was carried out. The Si raw material and the SiGe raw material for the Si thin film and the SiGe thin film were used after being saturated in a Ga or In solvent or an AuBi alloy solvent.
- the saturated solvent is brought into contact with the saturated solvent in a temperature range of 1200 ° C to 1000 ° C and 0.5 ° CZ. The temperature was lowered by 100 ° C. at a cooling rate of one minute to form the Si thin film or the SiGe thin film on the substrate.
- an AuBi alloy solvent was used, the substrate was brought into contact with the saturated solvent, The temperature of the saturated solvent was lowered by 100 ° C. at a cooling rate of 0.5 ° C./min in a temperature range of 500 ° C. to 500 ° C. to form the Si thin film or the SiGe thin film on the substrate.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an example of a method for producing a Si-based crystal of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a view for explaining an example of the same method for producing a Si-based crystal of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a view for explaining an example of the same method for producing a Si-based crystal of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is an OIM photograph of the Si-based crystal of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is an OIM photograph of the same Si-based crystal of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is an OIM photograph of the same Si-based crystal of the present invention.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
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Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2005511863A JPWO2005007938A1 (ja) | 2003-07-17 | 2004-07-16 | Si系結晶の成長方法、Si系結晶、Si系結晶基板及び太陽電池 |
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JP2003-198490 | 2003-07-17 | ||
JP2003198490A JP4054873B2 (ja) | 2003-07-17 | 2003-07-17 | Si系結晶の製造方法 |
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WO2005007938A1 true WO2005007938A1 (ja) | 2005-01-27 |
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Cited By (8)
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WO2012036265A1 (ja) * | 2010-09-17 | 2012-03-22 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | 多孔質シリコン粒子及び多孔質シリコン複合体粒子、並びにこれらの製造方法 |
JP2012082125A (ja) * | 2010-09-17 | 2012-04-26 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | 多孔質シリコン粒子及びその製造方法 |
CN104152989A (zh) * | 2014-09-10 | 2014-11-19 | 山西中电科新能源技术有限公司 | 多晶硅高效硅锭引晶板及其制备方法 |
CN104152988A (zh) * | 2014-09-10 | 2014-11-19 | 山西中电科新能源技术有限公司 | 多晶硅高效硅锭引晶装置及其引晶方法 |
CN104152990A (zh) * | 2014-09-10 | 2014-11-19 | 山西中电科新能源技术有限公司 | 多晶硅高效硅锭引晶颗粒及其制备方法 |
JP2015505800A (ja) * | 2011-12-01 | 2015-02-26 | アールイーシー ソーラー プライベート リミテッド | 単結晶シリコンの作製 |
US8980428B2 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2015-03-17 | Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | Porous silicon particles and complex porous silicon particles, and method for producing both |
US8987737B2 (en) | 2011-03-15 | 2015-03-24 | Jx Nippon Mining & Metals Corporation | Polycrystalline silicon wafer |
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US9493357B2 (en) * | 2011-11-28 | 2016-11-15 | Sino-American Silicon Products Inc. | Method of fabricating crystalline silicon ingot including nucleation promotion layer |
SG190514A1 (en) * | 2011-11-28 | 2013-06-28 | Sino American Silicon Prod Inc | Crystalline silicon ingot and method of fabricating the same |
TWI620838B (zh) * | 2012-02-15 | 2018-04-11 | 中美矽晶製品股份有限公司 | 包含成核促進顆粒之矽晶鑄錠及其製造方法 |
US9562304B2 (en) | 2012-04-01 | 2017-02-07 | Jiang Xi Sai Wei Ldk Solar Hi-Tech Co., Ltd. | Polycrystalline silicon ingot, preparation method thereof, and polycrystalline silicon wafer |
CN102776561B (zh) * | 2012-04-01 | 2017-12-15 | 江西赛维Ldk太阳能高科技有限公司 | 多晶硅锭及其制备方法、多晶硅片和多晶硅铸锭用坩埚 |
CN102776560B (zh) * | 2012-04-01 | 2017-12-15 | 江西赛维Ldk太阳能高科技有限公司 | 多晶硅锭及其制备方法和多晶硅片 |
JP6287127B2 (ja) * | 2013-11-29 | 2018-03-07 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | プラズマ処理装置用シリコン電極板及びその製造方法 |
CN105019020A (zh) * | 2014-04-29 | 2015-11-04 | 中美矽晶制品股份有限公司 | 多晶硅晶棒及来自其的硅晶片 |
TWI557281B (zh) * | 2015-07-17 | 2016-11-11 | Sino American Silicon Prod Inc | 多晶矽晶鑄錠、多晶矽晶棒及多晶矽晶片 |
US10297702B2 (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2019-05-21 | Sino-American Silicon Products Inc. | Polycrystalline silicon column and polycrystalline silicon wafer |
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JPH107493A (ja) * | 1996-06-20 | 1998-01-13 | Sharp Corp | シリコン半導体基板および太陽電池用基板の製造方法 |
JPH10194718A (ja) * | 1996-12-27 | 1998-07-28 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 太陽電池用多結晶シリコン・インゴットの製造方法 |
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2003
- 2003-07-17 JP JP2003198490A patent/JP4054873B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-07-16 JP JP2005511863A patent/JPWO2005007938A1/ja active Pending
- 2004-07-16 WO PCT/JP2004/010213 patent/WO2005007938A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
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JPH107493A (ja) * | 1996-06-20 | 1998-01-13 | Sharp Corp | シリコン半導体基板および太陽電池用基板の製造方法 |
JPH10194718A (ja) * | 1996-12-27 | 1998-07-28 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 太陽電池用多結晶シリコン・インゴットの製造方法 |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2012036265A1 (ja) * | 2010-09-17 | 2012-03-22 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | 多孔質シリコン粒子及び多孔質シリコン複合体粒子、並びにこれらの製造方法 |
JP2012082125A (ja) * | 2010-09-17 | 2012-04-26 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | 多孔質シリコン粒子及びその製造方法 |
US8980428B2 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2015-03-17 | Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | Porous silicon particles and complex porous silicon particles, and method for producing both |
US8987737B2 (en) | 2011-03-15 | 2015-03-24 | Jx Nippon Mining & Metals Corporation | Polycrystalline silicon wafer |
JP2015505800A (ja) * | 2011-12-01 | 2015-02-26 | アールイーシー ソーラー プライベート リミテッド | 単結晶シリコンの作製 |
CN104152989A (zh) * | 2014-09-10 | 2014-11-19 | 山西中电科新能源技术有限公司 | 多晶硅高效硅锭引晶板及其制备方法 |
CN104152988A (zh) * | 2014-09-10 | 2014-11-19 | 山西中电科新能源技术有限公司 | 多晶硅高效硅锭引晶装置及其引晶方法 |
CN104152990A (zh) * | 2014-09-10 | 2014-11-19 | 山西中电科新能源技术有限公司 | 多晶硅高效硅锭引晶颗粒及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
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JPWO2005007938A1 (ja) | 2007-09-20 |
JP4054873B2 (ja) | 2008-03-05 |
JP2007022815A (ja) | 2007-02-01 |
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