WO2005001252A1 - Systeme de retraitement des gaz d'echappement pourvu d'une enveloppe a retour et procede de retraitement des gaz d'echappement correspondant - Google Patents

Systeme de retraitement des gaz d'echappement pourvu d'une enveloppe a retour et procede de retraitement des gaz d'echappement correspondant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005001252A1
WO2005001252A1 PCT/EP2004/006204 EP2004006204W WO2005001252A1 WO 2005001252 A1 WO2005001252 A1 WO 2005001252A1 EP 2004006204 W EP2004006204 W EP 2004006204W WO 2005001252 A1 WO2005001252 A1 WO 2005001252A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
catalytic converter
flow
aftertreatment system
gas aftertreatment
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2004/006204
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Rolf BRÜCK
Original Assignee
Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh filed Critical Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh
Priority to JP2006515860A priority Critical patent/JP2007506893A/ja
Priority to EP04739722A priority patent/EP1639241A1/fr
Publication of WO2005001252A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005001252A1/fr
Priority to US11/318,932 priority patent/US20060107656A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • F01N13/10—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
    • F01N13/017—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2807—Metal other than sintered metal
    • F01N3/281—Metallic honeycomb monoliths made of stacked or rolled sheets, foils or plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2825—Ceramics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
    • F01N3/2842—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration specially adapted for monolithic supports, e.g. of honeycomb type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F01N3/2889—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices with heat exchangers in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/08—Gas passages being formed between the walls of an outer shell and an inner chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/14—Plurality of outlet tubes, e.g. in parallel or with different length
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/16—Plurality of inlet tubes, e.g. discharging into different chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/22—Inlet and outlet tubes being positioned on the same side of the apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/24—Concentric tubes or tubes being concentric to housing, e.g. telescopically assembled
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an exhaust gas aftertreatment system with a counterflow housing and a corresponding method for exhaust gas aftertreatment. Due to the steadily increasing volume of automobile traffic, legal limit values have been enacted in numerous countries worldwide, which must not exceed the pollutant pollution of automobile exhaust gases. These limit values are lowered regularly, so that an increased effort in the implementation of pollutants in the exhaust gas has to be carried out to meet these limit values. Here it has prevailed to subject the exhaust gas to a catalytic conversion, in which the harmful portions of the exhaust gas are converted into harmless portions. Such a catalytic conversion requires a reaction surface that is as large as possible, but the component used for this purpose must not be so large that it blows up the space normally available in an automobile.
  • honeycomb bodies as catalyst support bodies.
  • Honeycomb bodies have cavities for the exhaust gas to flow through, for example channels.
  • a layer containing a catalyst for example a noble metal catalyst, e.g. B.
  • a washcoat layer can be provided, a large reaction surface can be provided for the catalytic reaction.
  • honeycomb bodies or catalytic converters can be constructed, for example, from ceramic materials, from metallic layers or as an extruded component.
  • the honeycomb body is built up from a multiplicity of alternatingly arranged smooth and corrugated or differently corrugated sheet metal layers, the sheet metal layers initially forming one or more stacks which are intertwined with one another.
  • honeycomb bodies in a conical design, possibly also with additional structures for influencing the flow.
  • honeycomb body is described, for example, in WO 97/49905.
  • honeycomb bodies which flow a fluid in a radial direction
  • An exhaust gas aftertreatment system is particularly suitable for use close to the engine in an internal combustion engine of an automobile and comprises a housing which surrounds a catalytic converter surrounded by at least one essentially freely flowable
  • the first end face of the at least one catalytic converter being connected to at least one gas supply line and at least one gas discharge line essentially is connected in a gastight manner to the at least one backflow region, and at least one flow deflecting means redirecting the fluid from the catalytic converter into the essentially freely flowable one
  • Backflow area of the housing causes.
  • An essentially freely flow-through backflow region is understood here in particular to mean that the backflow region is not designed as a honeycomb structure, that is to say is essentially not divided into channels or cavities through which flow can pass.
  • the backflow region can be flowed through freely in the housing, with the possible exception of the fastening means for fastening the catalytic converter, which, for example, consists of a honeycomb structure in a casing tube.
  • the backflow region in the case of an internal cylindrical catalytic converter in a cylindrical housing is designed as a circular annular cylindrical gap between the casing tube of the catalytic converter and the inner wall of the housing.
  • the exhaust gas aftertreatment system according to the invention has the advantage that, by redirecting the direction of flow, blind holes in the vicinity of the engine, for example, can be used to accommodate the exhaust gas aftertreatment system, which could not be used in catalytic converters in a classic design - that is, without a redirection of flow. Since the catalytic conversion is usually exothermic, the exhaust gas heats up after the catalytic conversion has started or started. In the case of conventional catalytic converters, this requires strong thermal gradients via the catalytic converter.
  • the converted exhaust gas flow is deflected in its flow direction, inverted in the case of a catalytic converter which can be flowed through in the axial direction, and flows back in the backflow region of the housing, but this housing also contains the catalytic converter, the catalytic converter is heated uniformly, so that thermal gradients are avoided and the service life of the catalytic converter is increased. Furthermore, the heating of the catalytic converter with the help of the hot exhaust gas leads to a faster start of the catalytic conversion in the catalytic converter in the Cold start phase and thus a significantly accelerated light-off behavior compared to conventional exhaust gas aftertreatment systems without a counterflow housing.
  • the gas supply line and the gas discharge line are formed in the region of the first end face of the catalytic converter.
  • the formation of the gas supply line and the gas discharge line on only one side of the housing and the catalytic converter allows a space-saving design of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system according to the invention.
  • the gas supply and discharge lines are not designed in parallel, especially not coaxially.
  • a deflection of the exhaust gas when it emerges from the catalytic converter while in the case of an axially flowed catalyst the deflection of the gas flow represents an inversion of the gas flow, i.e. a deflection of essentially 180 ° (degrees).
  • the housing is designed as a manifold.
  • Another advantageous embodiment of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system is aimed at designing the housing as a collector. Both when the housing is designed as a manifold and as a collector, it is possible to use the exhaust gas aftertreatment system as close as possible to the engine.
  • the gas discharge line and / or the gas supply line is connected to a turbocharger.
  • a turbocharger is used for charging, that is, a method for increasing the performance of an internal combustion engine, which is particularly useful in Connection with diesel engines is used.
  • a working machine compresses the air required for the engine combustion process, so that a larger air mass gets into the cylinder or combustion chamber per work cycle of the internal combustion engine.
  • the compressor is driven by a turbocharger, for example, which uses the exhaust gas energy.
  • the coupling to the engine is not mechanical, but is purely thermal, with the principle of accumulation charging mainly being used in automobile construction.
  • the arrangement of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system upstream of such a turbocharger ensures that the operating temperature of the catalytic converter contained in it is reached very quickly, since heat dissipation of the exhaust gas due to contact with components of the turbocharger is avoided in this way.
  • the arrangement of the turbocharger is particularly preferably connected directly to the feed line or upstream.
  • the feed line it is particularly advantageous to provide the feed line with a cone, which leads the exhaust gas directly to the first end face of the honeycomb body.
  • This cone advantageously has an opening angle of at least 20 °, in particular of at least 30 ° and particularly preferably of at least 40 °.
  • only a very short or no tubular supply line section to the turbocharger is connected upstream of the cone, but the cone is then possibly directly connected to the turbocharger.
  • a tubular supply line section for example in order to provide a sufficiently large backflow area for the exhaust gas with a dome-shaped component, this section should not exceed a length of 20 mm [millimeters], in particular not longer than 10 mm or even just 8 mm.
  • the turbocharger generates a type of swirl flow, which is advantageously maintained and thus results in intensive contact of the uniformly mixed exhaust gas flow.
  • the housing and the at least one catalytic converter are concentric, preferably coaxial.
  • the concentric or coaxial construction of the catalytic converter and housing advantageously allows the exhaust gas aftertreatment system to be constructed in a particularly simple manner; in particular, conventional catalytic converters in cylindrical construction can thus be used.
  • the coaxial structure advantageously offers only low pressure losses in the backflow area with a simple structure of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system at the same time.
  • the concentric or coaxial construction of the catalytic converter and housing simplifies the design of the flow deflecting means. If the housing and catalytic converter have essentially cylindrical geometry and if the exhaust gas flows axially through the catalytic converter, the flow deflecting means can be formed in a particularly simple manner by forming a torus with the smallest possible inner radius, ideally zero. If the catalytic converter flows essentially radially through the exhaust gas, the housing itself forms the flow deflecting means which ensures the deflection of the exhaust gas from the radial flow direction into the backflow direction.
  • the at least one backflow region is formed outside the at least one catalytic converter.
  • the formation of the backflow region outside of the at least one catalytic converter advantageously ensures a rapid starting behavior of the catalytic converter, a uniform heating of the catalytic converter while preventing the formation of thermal gradients and a simple structural design of both the catalytic converter and the housing, because a conventional catalytic converter with a honeycomb structure made of ceramic or metal, optionally an extruded honeycomb structure, can be used inside the housing.
  • holding means for example thin webs, which point radially outward from the catalytic converter in the direction of the housing, without the pressure loss in the backflow region being increased significantly.
  • Other holding means are also possible and according to the invention, in particular it is also advantageous to fix the catalytic converter only by means of the gas supply line.
  • the cavities of the at least one catalytic converter each have a first cross-section through which a flow can pass, an inner area with a second cross-section through which the flow can flow being formed as a backflow section within the catalytic converter.
  • the second cross-section through which flow can flow is significantly larger than the first cross-section through which flow can pass.
  • the cross-section of the return flow area through which flow can flow is essentially the same as the sum of the cross-sections of the catalytic converter through which the flow can pass. This advantageously prevents pressure loss during flow deflection. It is equally advantageous, however, to make the second cross-section through which flow can be greater than the sum of the first cross-sections through which flow can occur, in order to slow down the flow in the return flow region and to increase the heat transfer to the catalytic converter in the cold start phase.
  • the housing has a first length L1 and the catalytic converter has a second length L2, the first length of the Housing and the second length of the catalytic converter are essentially identical.
  • the design of the catalytic converter of identical length to the length of the housing allows the catalytic converter to be held in the housing in a simple manner and the flow deflecting means and the gas discharge and supply line to be constructed in a simple manner.
  • the housing has a diameter D, the quotient of the first length L1 and the diameter D of the housing being greater than or equal to 0.3 and less than or equal to 1.5, preferably greater than or equal to 0, 3 and less than or equal to 1, particularly preferably approximately 0.5.
  • the return flow region has a pressure loss which is less than or equal to the pressure loss of the forward flow region, in particular less than or equal to the pressure loss of a pipe of the first length and a diameter which corresponds to the diameter of the feed line.
  • the at least one gas supply line has a first longitudinal axis and the at least one gas discharge line has a second longitudinal axis, wherein the projection of the first and the second longitudinal axis onto a plane that includes the first end face of the catalytic converter includes an angle that is larger than 60 ° (degrees).
  • Such an angular constellation between the gas discharge line and the gas supply line advantageously allows the use of even the smallest free cavities when installing near the engine, for example of very narrow blind holes.
  • the gas supply line and the first end face of the at least one catalytic converter are connected to one another in the form of a sliding seat.
  • the formation of the connection between the gas supply line and the first end face in the form of a sliding seat advantageously allows the formation of an essentially gas-tight connection, while at the same time allowing a different thermal expansion, which in the case of a simple welded connection can easily lead to the connection breaking.
  • an essentially gas-tight connection between the gas line and the first end face of the at least one catalytic converter can be ensured in an advantageous manner even with different thermal expansion behavior.
  • the catalytic converter is made of ceramic. It is also advantageous to design the catalytic converter as an extruded component.
  • the catalytic converter can also be formed from at least one metallic layer. In this context, it is particularly advantageous that the catalytic converter
  • a method for exhaust gas aftertreatment in particular the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine of an automobile in an exhaust gas aftertreatment system, preferably an exhaust gas aftertreatment system according to the invention, is proposed.
  • the method according to the invention comprises the following steps: a) flowing through a flow area in a flow direction and catalytic conversion of at least parts of the exhaust gas in this flow area;
  • Fig. 2 shows schematically a honeycomb body
  • 3 schematically shows a housing with a built-in honeycomb body
  • FIG. 6 schematically shows a section through a third exemplary embodiment of an exhaust gas aftertreatment system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a longitudinal section through a first exemplary embodiment of an exhaust gas aftertreatment system 1 according to the invention.
  • the exhaust gas aftertreatment system 1 has a housing 2 with a honeycomb body 3, which serves as a catalytic converter.
  • the honeycomb body 3 is surrounded by a tubular casing 4 and is fastened in the housing 2 with holding means 5.
  • These holding means 5 are predominantly designed as webs which do not significantly reduce the cross-section of the backflow region 6 through which the flow can flow freely.
  • Cross-section through which flow is free means in particular that no honeycomb structure is formed in the backflow region.
  • the honeycomb body 3 can be designed both as a ceramic and as a metallic honeycomb body 3. An example of a metallic honeycomb body can be seen in FIG. 2.
  • the Feed line 13 is provided with a cone 35, which leads the exhaust gas directly to the first end face 14 of the honeycomb body 3.
  • This cone 35 has an opening angle 33 of at least 20 °.
  • a very short tubular feed line section leading to a turbocharger (not shown) is connected upstream of the cone 35, this section not exceeding a length 34 of 20 mm [millimeters].
  • FIG. 2 shows a honeycomb body 3 which has a tubular casing 4.
  • a honeycomb structure 7 is fastened in this casing tube 4. This is made up of metallic layers 8, 9.
  • essentially smooth metallic layers 8 and at least partially structured metallic layers 9 are alternately stacked and several stacks are connected to one another in the same direction. For the sake of clarity, the at least partially structured metallic layers 9 are only shown in a partial area.
  • the essentially smooth metallic layers 8 and the at least partially sulfurized metallic layers 9 form channels 10.
  • Sheet metal layers with a thickness of less than 80 ⁇ m, preferably less than 40 ⁇ m, particularly preferably less than 25 ⁇ m can be used as metallic layers. It is just as well possible for the substantially smooth metallic layers 8 and / or the at least partially stagnated metallic layers 9 to be at least partially made of a material that can be flowed through by a fluid, for example one. metallic sintered fleece. Furthermore, it is possible and according to the invention to introduce holes and / or structures of any kind into the substantially smooth metallic layers 8 and / or the at least partially structured metallic layers 9. In particular, it is also possible to close some of the channels 10. The introduction of holes, the dimensions of which are greater than the repeat length of the at least partially stagnated metallic layers 9, is also possible and according to the invention. FIG.
  • the honeycomb body 3 serves as a catalytic converter, ie it is usually provided with a catalytically active coating, for example a washcoat, which contains, for example, noble metal catalyst particles such as platinum or rhodium.
  • a catalytically active coating for example a washcoat, which contains, for example, noble metal catalyst particles such as platinum or rhodium.
  • the exhaust gas flows axially through the honeycomb body 3.
  • An exhaust gas flow flowing through the honeycomb body 3 is at least partially converted catalytically in the honeycomb body 3.
  • an exhaust gas flow flowing through the backflow region 6 is not converted catalytically.
  • Each of the channels 10 has a first cross-section through which flow can flow, while the backflow region 6 has a second cross-section through which flow can pass.
  • Free-flowing means that the second flow-through cross-section of the return flow region 6 is significantly larger than the first flow-through cross-section of a channel 10.
  • an exhaust gas stream 12 is introduced into the exhaust gas aftertreatment system 1 via a gas supply line 13.
  • the gas supply line 13 is connected in a substantially gas-tight manner to the casing tube 4 of the honeycomb body 3 in the region of the first end face 14 of the honeycomb body, so that there is an essentially gas-tight connection between the gas supply line 13 and the inflow region 11.
  • the exhaust gas flow 12 thus essentially passes completely into the honeycomb body 3.
  • the exhaust gas flow 12 flows through this honeycomb body 3 in the direction of the flow 15. In this case, at least partial conversion of the exhaust gas flow 12 takes place.
  • the exhaust gas flow 12 leaves the honeycomb body 3 through a second end face 16.
  • a flow deflecting means 17 connects in a downward direction 15. This is in the essentially gas-tightly connected to the housing 2.
  • the flow deflecting means 17 has a depression 18 and a toroidal elevation 19. The greatest increase lies in the axial direction of the honeycomb body 3 in each case opposite the center of the return flow region 6, while the depression 18 lies opposite the center of the cylindrical honeycomb body 3 in the axial direction.
  • Other designs of the flow deflecting means 17 are also possible and according to the invention.
  • the flow deflecting means 17 leads to a deflection 20 of the exhaust gas flow 12 from the forward flow direction 15 into a return flow direction 21.
  • a collecting means 23 is connected to the housing 2. The connection is essentially gas-tight.
  • the collecting means 23 consists of a dome-shaped component 24 and a gas discharge line 25. The at least partially converted gas stream leaves the exhaust gas aftertreatment system 1 through the gas discharge line 25.
  • the exhaust gas flow 12 flows through the gas supply line 13 into the honeycomb body 3. At least a part of the exhaust gas flow 12 is at least partially catalytically converted therein.
  • a deflection 20 takes place in the flow direction in the flow deflection means 17
  • the exhaust gas stream 12 then flows through the backflow region 6 in the backflow direction 21. No catalytic conversion takes place in the backflow region 6, essentially it is a non-subdivided flow space.
  • the gas stream flowing through the backflow region 6 is generally heated in comparison to the inflowing exhaust gas stream 12, since the catalytic conversion in the honeycomb body 3 is generally exothermic.
  • the through the reverse flow area 6 flowing gas stream is thus advantageously used for tempering the honeycomb body 3.
  • the recirculation of the exhaust gas flow can advantageously be used for heating the honeycomb body 3, since elevated temperatures are quickly reached when a combustion engine is cold started, which are below the light-off temperature of the catalytic conversion in the catalytic converter 3, but above the ambient temperature of the surroundings of the honeycomb body 3. This leads to significantly shorter light-off times of the catalytic reaction in the honeycomb body 3.
  • the optional thermal insulation 22 of the flow deflecting means 17 also prevents heat losses and improves thus the light-off behavior of the honeycomb body 3.
  • the backflow of the hot exhaust gas leads to the fact that, compared to conventional exhaust gas aftertreatment systems, lower thermal gradients build up over the honeycomb body 3. This requires an improved service life of the honeycomb body.
  • a sliding seat can advantageously be used. This enables a gas-tight connection even in the event of different thermal expansions of the two components.
  • the backflow principle in particular in that gas supply line 13 and gas discharge line 25 are both formed in the area of the first end face 14 of the honeycomb body 3, makes it possible to utilize even small free spaces in the area of the engine compartment of an automobile, for example blind holes. In this way, the exhaust gas aftertreatment system 1 can be installed as close as possible to the engine. As a result, higher temperatures are present in the exhaust gas more quickly, so that the light-off behavior of the honeycomb body 3 is also improved as a result.
  • the gas supply line 13 has a first longitudinal axis 27.
  • the gas discharge line 25 has a second longitudinal axis 28.
  • the angle of the projections of the first longitudinal axis 27 and the second longitudinal axis 28 on a plane that includes the first end face 14 is greater than 60 degrees.
  • the return flow region 6 has a pressure loss which is less than or equal to the pressure loss in the forward flow region 11. It is preferred here that the pressure loss in the backflow region 6 is less than or equal to the pressure loss that a pipe of the first length L1 and a diameter that corresponds to the diameter 32 of the feed line 31 has.
  • FIG. 3 shows a housing 2 according to the invention with a honeycomb body 3 inserted.
  • the honeycomb body 3 is designed coaxially with the housing 2.
  • the casing tube 4 of the honeycomb body 3 is connected to the housing 2 via holding means 5.
  • the housing 2 has a first length L1 and a diameter D.
  • the honeycomb body 3 has a second length L2.
  • the first length L1 is identical to the second length L2.
  • the so-called pancake shape is preferred for the exhaust gas aftertreatment system according to the invention; H.
  • the ratio L1 / D is preferably 0.3 ⁇ Ll / D ⁇ 1. It is particularly preferred here if the ratio Ll / D is approximately 0.5. However, other ratios L1 / D are also possible and according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows another exemplary embodiment of an exhaust gas aftertreatment system 1 according to the invention.
  • four honeycomb bodies 3 are fastened in the housing 2 of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system 1 and are supplied with exhaust gas via four gas supply lines 13.
  • a gas discharge line 25 is formed, so that this exemplary embodiment is a Exhaust aftertreatment system according to the invention can be used as a collector. It is also possible and according to the invention to form two or more gas discharge lines 25 instead of one gas discharge line 25 in order to be able to implement, for example, multi-purpose exhaust systems.
  • the dome-shaped components 24 are connected to one another accordingly.
  • the flow deflecting element 17 is designed in such a way that in this exemplary embodiment, too, an effective deflection 20 takes place from the inflow regions 11 into the respective backflow regions 6.
  • the flow deflecting means 17 is formed with depressions 18 and elevations 19, the depressions 18 being formed in each case centered on the honeycomb bodies 3.
  • Figure 5 shows schematically a section through the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 4 along the line V-V.
  • This cross section shows the housing 2 with the four honeycomb bodies 3 attached to it.
  • the casing tubes 4 form the boundary between the inflow regions 11 and the backflow region 6.
  • FIG. 6 shows a further exemplary embodiment of an exhaust gas aftertreatment system 1 according to the invention, which has a honeycomb body 3 through which radial flow is possible.
  • this is constructed by disks 29 with macrostructures (not shown) which form channels 10 leading from a central flow region 30 to the backflow region 6.
  • the exhaust gas flow 12 to be converted flows axially through the gas supply line 13 through the first end face 14 into the central flow region 30. Because the second end face 16 of the honeycomb body 3 is closed, the gas flow is deflected into the radial flow channels 10 as indicated by the arrows. The flow direction 15 of the flow region 11 formed by the channels 10 is thus directed radially from the inside to the outside.
  • the housing 2 serves as the flow deflecting means 17 which, after the gas has exited the channels 10, deflects the gas flow 20 in the backflow direction 21 effected in the backflow region 6.
  • the gas flow is deflected by approximately 90 ° in the case of a honeycomb body 3 through which there is a radial flow.
  • the exhaust gas flows into the dome-shaped component 24. From there, the converted gas stream 26 leaves the exhaust gas aftertreatment system 1 through the gas discharge line 25. Also in this exemplary embodiment, the gas supply line 13 and gas discharge line 25 are in the region of the first end face 14 of the honeycomb body 3.
  • an exhaust gas aftertreatment system 1 With an exhaust gas aftertreatment system 1 according to the invention, the at least partially catalytic conversion of exhaust gases can advantageously take place even with a very limited free receiving space for an exhaust gas aftertreatment system 1. This is possible due to the countercurrent principle in the housing 2. Furthermore, an exhaust gas aftertreatment system 1 according to the invention is distinguished by an improved light-off behavior and lower thermal alternating loads in comparison to conventional exhaust gas aftertreatment systems.
  • Exhaust gas aftertreatment system housing honeycomb body casing tube retaining means backflow area honeycomb structure essentially smooth metallic layer at least partially structured metallic layer channel downflow area exhaust gas flow gas supply line first end face

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de retraitement des gaz d'échappement (1), en particulier pour une utilisation à proximité d'un moteur sur un moteur à combustion interne d'une automobile, lequel système présente une enveloppe (2) intégrant un convertisseur catalytique (3) entouré par au moins une zone de retour (6) pouvant être traversée de façon sensiblement libre, ledit convertisseur catalytique (3) présentant une première face (14), une deuxième face (16) et des cavités (10) pouvant être traversées par un fluide dans un sens d'écoulement d'entrée (15), la première face (14) du convertisseur catalytique (3) étant reliée à au moins une conduite d'entrée de gaz (13), au moins une conduite de sortie de gaz (25) étant reliée de façon sensiblement étanche aux gaz à ladite zone de retour (6) et au moins un moyen de déviation d'écoulement (17) induisant une déviation (20) du fluide hors du convertisseur catalytique (3) dans la zone de retour (6) de l'enveloppe (2), pouvant être traversée de façon sensiblement libre. Ce système de retraitement des gaz d'échappement (1) se caractérise par une structure compacte, un comportement à l'amorçage amélioré et de faibles charges thermiques alternées par rapport aux systèmes de retraitement des gaz d'échappement classiques.
PCT/EP2004/006204 2003-06-27 2004-06-09 Systeme de retraitement des gaz d'echappement pourvu d'une enveloppe a retour et procede de retraitement des gaz d'echappement correspondant WO2005001252A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

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JP2006515860A JP2007506893A (ja) 2003-06-27 2004-06-09 逆流ハウジングを有する排気ガス後処理ユニットおよび排気ガス後処理のための対応するプロセス
EP04739722A EP1639241A1 (fr) 2003-06-27 2004-06-09 Systeme de retraitement des gaz d'echappement pourvu d'une enveloppe a retour et procede de retraitement des gaz d'echappement correspondant
US11/318,932 US20060107656A1 (en) 2003-06-27 2005-12-27 Exhaust gas after-treatment unit with countercurrent housing and corresponding process for exhaust gas after-treatment

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DE10329000.1 2003-06-27
DE10329000A DE10329000A1 (de) 2003-06-27 2003-06-27 Abgasnachbehandlungsanlage mit einem Gegenstromgehäuse, sowie entsprechendes Verfahren zur Abgasnachbehandlung

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US11/318,932 Continuation US20060107656A1 (en) 2003-06-27 2005-12-27 Exhaust gas after-treatment unit with countercurrent housing and corresponding process for exhaust gas after-treatment

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WO2005001252A1 true WO2005001252A1 (fr) 2005-01-06

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EP (1) EP1639241A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2007506893A (fr)
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TW (1) TW200508480A (fr)
WO (1) WO2005001252A1 (fr)

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WO2012022722A1 (fr) 2010-08-18 2012-02-23 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Unité de traitement des gaz d'échappement compacte avec ajout de réactif
US8220253B2 (en) 2006-05-19 2012-07-17 J. Eberspaecher Gmbh & Co., Kg Exhaust gas aftertreatment device for an internal combustion engine
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JP2013537598A (ja) * 2010-08-20 2013-10-03 マック トラックス インコーポレイテッド 内燃機関の排気の後処理用加熱装置
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JP6539551B2 (ja) * 2015-09-04 2019-07-03 日本碍子株式会社 排ガス処理装置、触媒の昇温方法、ハニカム構造体の再生方法、及びアッシュ除去方法
JP6562783B2 (ja) * 2015-09-04 2019-08-21 日本碍子株式会社 排ガス処理装置及びハニカム構造体の製造方法
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WO2019104364A1 (fr) * 2017-12-01 2019-06-06 Avl List Gmbh Système de post-traitement de gaz d'échappement
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JP2021156250A (ja) * 2020-03-30 2021-10-07 日立造船株式会社 排ガス脱硝装置
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8220253B2 (en) 2006-05-19 2012-07-17 J. Eberspaecher Gmbh & Co., Kg Exhaust gas aftertreatment device for an internal combustion engine
FR2909124A3 (fr) * 2006-11-27 2008-05-30 Renault Sas Organe de depollution de gaz avec canalisation de sortie des gaz integree
WO2008095625A1 (fr) * 2007-02-06 2008-08-14 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Tôle d'enveloppe tubulaire, module d'épuration des gaz d'échappement équipé d'une tôle d'enveloppe tubulaire, et procédé de production d'une tôle d'enveloppe tubulaire pouvant être fixée
RU2515566C2 (ru) * 2009-11-27 2014-05-10 Эмитек Гезельшафт Фюр Эмиссионстехнологи Мбх Узел нейтрализации отработавшего газа с отклоняющей поверхностью и способ его изготовления
DE102009056183A1 (de) 2009-11-27 2011-06-01 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Abgasreinigungskomponente mit Umlenkfläche und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
WO2011064109A1 (fr) 2009-11-27 2011-06-03 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Elément d'épuration des gaz d'échappement comportant une surface de déviation et procédé de fabrication dudit élément
US8869510B2 (en) 2009-11-27 2014-10-28 Emitec Gesellschaft Fuer Emissionstechnologie Mbh Exhaust gas cleaning component with deflection surface, method for production thereof and motor vehicle having the component
WO2012022722A1 (fr) 2010-08-18 2012-02-23 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Unité de traitement des gaz d'échappement compacte avec ajout de réactif
DE102010034705A1 (de) 2010-08-18 2012-02-23 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Kompakte Abgasbehandlungseinheit mit Reaktionsmittelzugabe
US8978366B2 (en) 2010-08-18 2015-03-17 Emitec Gesellschaft Fuer Emissionstechnologie Mbh Compact exhaust gas treatment unit with reaction agent addition and motor vehicle having an exhaust gas treatment unit
RU2546341C2 (ru) * 2010-08-18 2015-04-10 Эмитек Гезельшафт Фюр Эмиссионстехнологи Мбх Компактный узел очистки отработанного газа с добавкой реагента
WO2014055009A1 (fr) * 2012-10-03 2014-04-10 Scania Cv Ab Système de post-traitement de gaz d'échappement et véhicules automobiles comprenant un tel système de post-traitement
EP3489480A4 (fr) * 2016-07-20 2020-01-22 Yungjin Enterprise Co., Ltd. Mélangeur scr et dispositif scr le comprenant
CN106593591A (zh) * 2016-12-23 2017-04-26 中国第汽车股份有限公司 一种同轴布置的集成后处理器装置
WO2019192668A1 (fr) * 2018-04-05 2019-10-10 Volvo Truck Corporation Système de post-traitement des gaz d'échappement pour un moteur à combustion
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JP2007506893A (ja) 2007-03-22
CN1809688A (zh) 2006-07-26
US20060107656A1 (en) 2006-05-25
DE10329000A1 (de) 2005-01-27
EP1639241A1 (fr) 2006-03-29
TW200508480A (en) 2005-03-01

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