WO2004111553A1 - Supercritical pressure regulation of economized refrigeration system - Google Patents

Supercritical pressure regulation of economized refrigeration system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004111553A1
WO2004111553A1 PCT/US2004/016711 US2004016711W WO2004111553A1 WO 2004111553 A1 WO2004111553 A1 WO 2004111553A1 US 2004016711 W US2004016711 W US 2004016711W WO 2004111553 A1 WO2004111553 A1 WO 2004111553A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
high pressure
economizer
amount
recited
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2004/016711
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Tobias H. Sienel
Original Assignee
Carrier Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carrier Corporation filed Critical Carrier Corporation
Priority to DE602004015450T priority Critical patent/DE602004015450D1/de
Priority to JP2006533448A priority patent/JP2007503571A/ja
Priority to MXPA05013481A priority patent/MXPA05013481A/es
Priority to EP04753528A priority patent/EP1631773B1/en
Publication of WO2004111553A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004111553A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • F25B2309/061—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide with cycle highest pressure above the supercritical pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/13—Economisers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/16—Receivers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/17—Control issues by controlling the pressure of the condenser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2501—Bypass valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2509—Economiser valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19—Pressures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
    • F25B43/006—Accumulators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to a system for regulating the high pressure component of an economized refrigeration system by regulating the amount of refrigerant in the high pressure component of the system with an interstage accumulator positioned between an economizer heat exchanger and a compressor.
  • System capacity can also be increased by employing an economizer heat exchanger to subcool the liquid refrigerant exiting the heat rejecting heat exchanger.
  • the refrigerant is split into two flow paths after leaving the heat rejecting heat exchanger.
  • An economizer flow path is expanded to a low pressure and exchanges heat with a main flow path in the economizer heat exchanger.
  • the refrigerant from the economizer flow p ath is injected into the compressor.
  • the refrigerant in the main flow path is expanded by the main expansion device.
  • An economized refrigeration system includes a compressor, a gas cooler, a main expansion device, an evaporator, and an economizer heat exchanger. After being cooled in the gas cooler, the refrigerant splits into an economizer flow path and a main flow path. Refrigerant in the economizer flow path is expanded to a lower pressure in an economizer expansion device and exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the main flow path in the economizer heat exchanger. Refrigerant in the economizer flow path is returned to the c ompressor or between stages of a multiple state compression process.
  • An accumulator positioned between the economizer heat exchanger and the compressor stores an amount of refrigerant from the economizer heat exchanger, adjusting the amount of refrigerant in the system, and therefore the high pressure of the system.
  • carbon dioxide is the refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant in the main flow path is expanded by the main expansion device and heated in the evaporator, completing the cycle.
  • the high pressure of the system can be regulated.
  • the amount of refrigerant stored in the accumulator is regulated by actuating the economizer expansion device.
  • the high pressure in the gas cooler is monitored by a control which actuates in the economizer expansion device in response to the high pressure of the system.
  • the main expansion device can be used to control the suction superheat after the evaporator or before the first stage of compression.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a prior art refrigeration system employing an economizer heat exchanger
  • Figure 2 illustrates a graph relating pressure to enthalpy for an economizer cycle and a non-economizer cycle
  • Figure 3 illustrates the economized system of the present invention employing an accumulator.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a prior art economized refrigeration system 20.
  • the system 20 includes a compressor 22, a heat rejecting heat exchanger. 24 (a gas cooler in transcritical cycles), a main expansion device 26, a heat accepting heat exchanger 28 (an evaporator), and an economizer heat exchanger 30.
  • Refrigerant circulates though the closed circuit system 20. Refrigerant exits the compressor 22 through a discharge port 42 at high pressure and enthalpy, The refrigerant flows through the gas cooler 24 and loses heat, exiting at lower enthalpy and high pressure.
  • Refrigerant in the economizer flow path 34 is expanded to a low pressure in an economizer expansion device 36 and exchanges heat with refrigerant in the main flow path 32 in the economizer heat exchanger 30, cooling the refrigerant in the main flow path 32.
  • Refrigerant in the economizer flow path 34 is returned along the economizer return path 56 to the compressor 22 through the economizer port 38 at a pressure between the suction pressure and the discharge pressure.
  • the refrigerant in the main flow path 32 expanded by the main expansion device 26 and is then heated in the evaporator 28.
  • the refrigerant then enters the compressor 22 through the suction port 40 and mixes with the refrigerant from the return path 56.
  • carbon dioxide is used as the refrigerant. While carbon dioxide is illustrated, it is to be understood that other refrigerants may be used. Because carbon dioxide has a low critical point, systems utilizing carbon dioxide as the refrigerant usually require the system 20 to run transcritical. When the system 20 is run transcritical, it is advantageous to regulate the high pressure component of the system 20. By regulating the high pressure of the system 20, the capacity and/or efficiency of the system 20 can be controlled and optimized.
  • FIG. 2 A thermodynamic diagram of both an economized cycle and a noneconomized cycle is illustrated in Figure 2.
  • the refrigerant exits the compressor 22 at high pressure and enthalpy, shown by point A.
  • point B As the refrigerant flows through the gas cooler 24 at high pressure, it loses heat and enthalpy, exiting the gas cooler 24 with low enthalpy and high pressure, indicated as point B.
  • point C As the refrigerant passes through the expansion device 26, the pressure drops, shown by point C. After expansion, the refrigerant passes through the evaporator 28 and exits at a high enthalpy and low pressure, represented by point D. After the refrigerant passes through the compressor 22, it is again at high pressure and enthalpy, completing the cycle.
  • the 24 at point B is split into two portions.
  • One portion of the flow 34 is expanded to a lower pressure and temperature, as indicated by point E.
  • This flow next exchanges heat with the main flow 32 in an economizer heat exchanger 30.
  • the main flow 32 exits the economizer heat exchanger 30 at point B', while the economizer flow exits at point F.
  • the main flow is next expanded to a lower temperature and pressure, as indicated by point C.
  • This flow is directed through an evaporator 28 to point D,
  • the main flow is then compressed in a compressor 22.
  • the economizer flow from point F is added, lowering the temperature of the main flow to point G, and causing the compression process to exit at point A' rather than point A, completing the cycle.
  • the high pressure of the system 20 is a function of temperature and density of the refrigerant in the gas cooler 24. As density is a function of both mass and volume, and the volume inside the gas cooler 24 typically does not change, the high pressure in the gas cooler 24 is only a function of the refrigerant mass and temperature in the gas cooler 24. Therefore, by controlling the mass of refrigerant in the gas cooler 24, the high pressure of the system 20 can be regulated.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the system 20 of the present invention.
  • the system 20 further includes an interstage accumulator 44 positioned between the economizer heat exchanger 30 and the economizer port 38 of the compressor 22 to store refrigerant.
  • the main expansion device 26 regulates the main flow path 32 flowing to the evaporator 28, and therefore the suction superheat of the compressor 22. If the main expansion device 26 is opened slightly, more refrigerant flows through the evaporator 28, and the superheat at the compressor 22 suction decreases. If the main expansion device 26 is closed slightly, less refrigerant flows through the evaporator 28, and the superheat at the suction port 40 of the compressor 22 increases.
  • the economizer expansion device 36 regulates the economizer flow path
  • the amount of superheat in the economizer flow path 56 is regulated by both the initial sizing of the economizer heat exchanger 30 and the flow of refrigerant through the economizer flow path 34, which is regulated by the economizer expansion device 36. If the superheat in the economizer flow path 56 is positive, there will be a net flow of refrigerant out of the accumulator 44 which will cause the high pressure to rise. By adjusting the economizer expansion device 36, the amount of refrigerant in the accumulator 44, and therefore the high pressure in the system 20, can be regulated.
  • the high pressure in the gas cooler 24 is monitored by a control 46. If the control 46 detects the high pressure in the gas cooler 24 is too high, the control 46 opens the economizer expansion device 36 to allow refrigerant from the gas cooler 24 to flow through the economizer heat exchanger 30 and enter the accumulator 44, decreasing the high pressure. Alternately, if the control 46 detects the high pressure in the gas cooler 24 is too low, the control 46 closes the economizer expansion device 36 to prevent refrigerant from the gas cooler 24 to flow through the economizer heat exchanger 30 and enter the accumulator 44, increasing the high pressure.
  • the superheat at the exit of the evaporator 28 is also regulated by a control of the main expansion device 26, either through thermomechanical means, such as a TXV valve, or by regulation of a sensor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
  • Oscillators With Electromechanical Resonators (AREA)
  • Television Systems (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
PCT/US2004/016711 2003-06-11 2004-05-27 Supercritical pressure regulation of economized refrigeration system WO2004111553A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE602004015450T DE602004015450D1 (de) 2003-06-11 2004-05-27 Regelung von überkritischen drücken in einem kältekreislauf mit economiser
JP2006533448A JP2007503571A (ja) 2003-06-11 2004-05-27 エコノマイザ冷凍システムの超臨界圧の調整
MXPA05013481A MXPA05013481A (es) 2003-06-11 2004-05-27 Regulacion de presion supercritica de un sistema de refrigeracion economizado.
EP04753528A EP1631773B1 (en) 2003-06-11 2004-05-27 Supercritical pressure regulation of economized refrigeration system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/459,285 2003-06-11
US10/459,285 US7424807B2 (en) 2003-06-11 2003-06-11 Supercritical pressure regulation of economized refrigeration system by use of an interstage accumulator

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004111553A1 true WO2004111553A1 (en) 2004-12-23

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PCT/US2004/016711 WO2004111553A1 (en) 2003-06-11 2004-05-27 Supercritical pressure regulation of economized refrigeration system

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (2) US7424807B2 (ko)
EP (1) EP1631773B1 (ko)
JP (1) JP2007503571A (ko)
KR (1) KR20060019582A (ko)
CN (1) CN1806151A (ko)
AT (1) ATE403123T1 (ko)
DE (1) DE602004015450D1 (ko)
ES (1) ES2307033T3 (ko)
MX (1) MXPA05013481A (ko)
WO (1) WO2004111553A1 (ko)

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US20040250568A1 (en) 2004-12-16
ATE403123T1 (de) 2008-08-15
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US20080041094A1 (en) 2008-02-21
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US7424807B2 (en) 2008-09-16
MXPA05013481A (es) 2006-03-17
EP1631773B1 (en) 2008-07-30

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