Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
  • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
  • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
  • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
  • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
  • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
  • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
  • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
  • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
  • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
  • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
  • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
  • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
  • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
  • H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element

Definitions

• the invention relates to a telecommunications device having at least one antenna integrated into its housing.
• electromagnetic waves in the microwave range are used for transmitting information.
• GSM900 GSM mobile telephone standards in the frequency range from 890 to 960 MHz (GSM900), from 1710 to 1880 MHz (GSM1800 or DCS) and from 1850 to 1990 MHz (GSM1900 or PCS), and also, in the next generation, the UMTS band (1885 to 2200 MHz) and the Bluetooth standard in the frequency range from 2400 to 2480 MHz, which are used to allow data to be exchanged between, for example, mobile telephones and other electronic devices such as, for example, computers, other mobile telephones, and so on.
• the antennas used radiate electromagnetic energy and do so by setting up an electromagnetic resonance.
• the length of the antenna can be reduced, for example, by winding the wire of the antenna in the shape of a helix in so-called stub antennas.
• a dielectric having a dielectric constant e r > 1 can be used as a basic building block for the antenna. This leads to the wavelength of the radiation being reduced in the dielectric by a factor of 1 / ⁇ r .
• the size of an antenna designed on the basis of a dielectric of this kind therefore likewise becomes smaller by this factor.
• An antenna of this kind comprises a block (substrate) of dielectric material. Applied to the surfaces of this substrate are, depending on the desired operating frequency band or bands, one or more resonant metallized structures. The values of the resonant frequencies are dependent on the dimensions of the printed metallized structure and on the value of the dielectric constant of the substrate. The values of the individual resonant frequencies go down in this case as the length of the metallized structures increases and as the value of the dielectric constant goes up.
• Antennas of this kind are also called printed wire antennas (PWAs) or dielectric block antennas (DBAs) and are disclosed in, for example, EP 1195845 A2 and EP 1204160 A2.
• the antenna is applied direct to a printed circuit board (PCB) by surface mounting (the SMD technique), i.e. by soldering and making of contact flat to the board, together with other components if required.
• PCB printed circuit board
• a further advantage is the low height of the antenna.
• an antenna that is integrated into the housing of a device and that has at least one substrate at least one resonant printed conductor structure at least one first and one second contact pin, the first contact pin being connected to a ground potential and the second contact pin being provided to give an infeed of high frequency to a printed circuit board.
• An advantage of this solution is that no special clear space is required for the antenna on a printed circuit board within the device, and the design of the printed circuit board no longer has to be adjusted to suit the positioning of the antenna on the printed circuit board.
• What is particularly advantageous is the fact that the area available for the design of the resonant structure can be enlarged because no soldered contact points are required for fixing the antenna in place. At the same time, the effect on the design of the printed circuit board is considerably reduced.
• a first printed conductor structure belonging to the antenna is connected via a first contact point to a ground potential of the printed circuit board.
• a second printed conductor on the printed circuit board is connected via a second contact point to a second printed conductor structure belonging to the antenna.
• the antenna may also have further printed conductor structures, which are not in contact with the printed circuit board and by which further resonances can be produced.
• the first and second printed conductor structures begin at the first and second contact points respectively and end at separate respective end-points.
• the individual length (li) of an individual printed conductor structure corresponds in this case to approximately half the wavelength of the resonant frequency (f ).
• the individual length (1 ; ) is equal to approximately:
• the invention also relates to a device having at least one antenna integrated into its housing.
• the antenna has at least one first and one second resonant printed conductor structure, which structures are connected via a first point of connection to a first printed conductor on a printed circuit board.
• the antenna has at least two further points of connection by means of which two further printed conductors on the printed circuit board are provided as connections for the antenna.
• at least two antennas, which can be driven separately from one another, are integrated into the housing of the device. What is particularly advantageous about this embodiment is that, because of the presence of the other antenna in the given case, an increase occurs in the bandwidth, particularly in the 2 GHz range.
• polarization diversity means is that the two antennas do not receive electromagnetic radiation of different polarizations equally well, which means that, depending on the position of the device (e.g. a mobile telephone), one of the two antennas gives better reception.
• the transmitting properties and, in this connection, directivity in particular can be actively influenced by driving the two antennas simultaneously but varying the phase shift between the signals. This gives an opportunity of orienting the maximum level of radiation from the antenna in the direction that points away from the head of a user. Because of the very small dimensions of the antennas, an acceptable isolation of at least 10 dB is obtained between them.
• the invention also relates to a printed circuit board (PCB) having at least one antenna of this kind that is integrated into the housing of a device and connected to the printed circuit board via contact pins.
• PCB printed circuit board
• Fig. 1 shows a first antenna integrated into the housing of a device.
• Fig. 2 shows a so-called diversity antenna sub-module comprising two dielectric block antennas (DBAs).
• DBAs dielectric block antennas
• Fig. 3 is a representation of the curve followed by the Si ⁇ parameter of the first embodiment of antenna.
• Fig. 4 is a representation of the curve followed by the S ⁇ parameter of the second embodiment of antenna.
• Fig. 1 a first embodiment of the first antenna 1 according to the invention that is integrated into the housing 2.
• the antenna 1 is connected via contact pins 3 and 4 to a printed circuit board 5.
• the contact pins 3 and 4 are situated approximately halfway up the antenna 1, and the antenna 1 is thus centrally arranged relative to the printed circuit board 5.
• the antenna 1 is a mult ⁇ band antenna and comprises a ceramic substrate in the form of a substantially parallelepiped block whose size is approximately 17*13*2 mm 3 .
• What is used as a substrate material is a carrier material that has a dielectric constant or relative permeability greater than 1.
• Typical materials are substrates suitable for high-frequency use that have low losses and whose high-frequency characteristics are to only a small degree dependent on temperature (NPO or so-called SL materials). What may also be used are substrates that have a dielectric constant e r and relative permeability ⁇ ,- other than 1 as a result of a ceramic powder being embedded in a polymer matrix.
• a parallelepiped substrate there are also other geometrical shapes that are possible such as, for example, a cylindrical shape, to which the appropriate printed conductor structures are applied.
• the substrate should, however, be as shallow as possible to ensure that it can easily be integrated into the housing, as shown in Fig. 1, for example.
• the antenna has two electrical connections: the first connection A is in contact with the ground electrode of the application (e.g. a telecommunications terminal) and comprises a first contact pin 3.
• the second connection B is in contact with the high- frequency feed line (generally 50 ⁇ ) to the printed circuit board 5 and likewise comprises a contact pin, the second contact pin 4.
• the two connections form respective terminal points of metallization which extends onwards from them and whose width may vary. Branching off from connection A is metallization whose overall length defines the lowest resonant frequency (e.g. GSM900).
• the first harmonic which can be shifted into the desired band (e.g. DCS 1800) by certain coupling mechanisms, determines a further frequency band in which the antenna is able to operate effectively.
• the metallized structures of the antenna are composed of a material of high electrical conductivity such as, for example, silver, copper, gold, aluminum or a superconductor.
• a so-called diversity antenna sub-module comprises two dielectric block antennas (DBAs) 1 and 6 that are mounted on the printed circuit board 5.
• the second antenna 6 too is connected to the printed circuit board 5, via contact pins 7 and 8.
• the first antenna 1 and the second antenna 2 are of the same construction.
• This embodiment also has the advantage that the two antennas 1 and 6 can be driven separately from one another. Because of the presence of the other antenna in the given case, there is an increase in bandwidth, particularly in the 2 GHz range. With regard to receiving characteristics, use can be made, for example, by this sub-module of what is termed polarization diversity.
• the two antennas are not equally good at receiving electromagnetic radiation of different polarizations in this case, which means that, depending on the position of the mobile telephone, one of the two antennas gives better reception.
• the transmitting properties and, in this connection, directivity in particular can be actively influenced by driving the two antennas simultaneously but varying the phase shift between the signals. This gives an opportunity of orienting the maximum level of radiation from the antenna in the direction that points away from the head of the user.
• the antennas 1 and 6 are very small, an acceptable isolation of at least 10 dB is also obtained between them. What is more, a plurality of frequency bands can be covered by making slight variations in the design of the individual antennas (e.g. AMPS + DCS covered by antenna 1 and GSM 900 + PCS covered by antenna 2). Shown in Fig. 3 are the input characteristics of the antenna 1 , in the form of its
• the solid line is the curve for the S ⁇ parameter of the antenna 1 shown in Fig. 1 that is mounted at the shorter side of the printed circuit board, while the dashed line is the curve for the S ⁇ parameter of the same antenna 1 but in a case where it is mounted at the longer side of the printed circuit board.
• the antenna has a resonance in the region of the GSM 900 frequency band.
• the point at which the upper resonance is situated in terms of frequency depends on whether the antenna is mounted at the shorter side of the printed circuit board or at its longer side, h the first case, the resonance is situated in the DCS frequency band and in the second case it is situated in the region of the PCS frequency band and parts of the UMTS band.
• These frequency shifts can be compensated for or removed by slight variations in design.
• hi Fig. 4 is shown the measured S ⁇ parameter (the solid line) of the diversity antenna sub-module seen in Fig. 2.
• the dotted-and-dashed line is the curve for the S 22 parameter of the diversity antenna sub-module.
• the curves clearly shown that the interaction between the antennas 1 and 6 is responsible for an increase in bandwidth in the DCS/PCS spectrum (1850 to 1990 MHz) and parts of the UMTS spectrum (1885 to 2200 MHz).
• the antennas of the diversity antenna sub-module are matched in such a way that the resonance of the antenna 1 (S ⁇ ) mounted at the shorter side gives optimum coverage of the Tx (transmission) range in the region of the GSM 900 frequency band, whereas the antenna 2 (S 22 ) mounted at the longer side of the printed circuit board is optimized for the Rx (reception) range. If an optimization of this kind for the parts of the frequency range is not carried out, the resonances almost overlay one another, thus enabling optimum use to be made of the diversity principle described above. In the upper frequency range, the DCS frequency band is covered by antenna 2.
• both the antennas are resonant in the PCS frequency band and parts of the UMTS frequency band, thus enabling use to be made of the diversity principles mentioned in this frequency range.
• h Fig. 5 is shown the isolation measured between the antennas of the diversity antenna sub-module. The isolation is better than -10 dB even though, at 900 MHz, the distance between the antennas is considerably less that a quarter of the wavelength.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
• Support Of Aerials (AREA)
• Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
• Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Priority Applications (3)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=33427201

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Cited By (2)

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Citations (4)

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• 2004
  • 2004-04-29 CN CNA2004800125020A patent/CN1784808A/zh active Pending
  • 2004-04-29 JP JP2006506593A patent/JP2006526322A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2004-04-29 US US10/555,746 patent/US20060290575A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2004-04-29 EP EP04730333A patent/EP1625636A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2004-04-29 WO PCT/IB2004/001448 patent/WO2004100312A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2004-04-29 KR KR1020057021284A patent/KR20060012597A/ko not_active Withdrawn

Patent Citations (4)

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