WO2004098156A1 - Procede pour contribuer a une configuration automatique d'un dispositif de communication - Google Patents

Procede pour contribuer a une configuration automatique d'un dispositif de communication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004098156A1
WO2004098156A1 PCT/EP2004/002260 EP2004002260W WO2004098156A1 WO 2004098156 A1 WO2004098156 A1 WO 2004098156A1 EP 2004002260 W EP2004002260 W EP 2004002260W WO 2004098156 A1 WO2004098156 A1 WO 2004098156A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
network
identification number
communication device
message
network address
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2004/002260
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Achim Ackermann-Markes
Oliver Veits
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2004098156A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004098156A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/50—Address allocation
    • H04L61/5007—Internet protocol [IP] addresses
    • H04L61/5014—Internet protocol [IP] addresses using dynamic host configuration protocol [DHCP] or bootstrap protocol [BOOTP]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for supporting an automatic configuration of communication devices in logical network areas.
  • LAN Local Area Network
  • a virtual LAN or VLAN is formed by a group of network nodes which are combined in an autonomous domain or "broadcast domain".
  • the affiliation of a network node to a VLAN does not depend on the location of the network node. It is determined exclusively by software configuration and can be changed if a network node is to be assigned to a new work group.
  • an extension of the MAC addresses ("Media Access Control") identifying in the exchanged data packets is advantageous by means of an identification number of the virtual LAN.
  • This identification number is usually referred to as a VLAN number or "VLAN ID” or "Virtual LAN Identification Number”.
  • a VLAN ID which identifies the VLAN is placed behind the type field of the MAC packet as a so-called "tag" (marking).
  • tag marking
  • This procedure is standardized in IEEE 802. IQ and uses a word length for the day of 12 bits. Theoretically, this results in the values 0 to 4095 for the VLAN ID.
  • 802. IQ networks for reasons of compatibility, arkie- maintenance-free MAC packets interchangeable.
  • a VLAN ID with a value between 1 and 4095 is assigned to these label-free MAC packets.
  • Label-free MAC packets are assigned to a so-called "native VLAN".
  • marking and “identification number” encompass both the cases of markings with VLAN ID values between 0 and 4095 as well as the equal possibility that a MAC packet is unmarked.
  • VLAN virtual LAN
  • IP subnet Internet Protocol
  • port mapping mapping to connections of this switch
  • a virtual LAN is used after the connection of packet-oriented telephony components to a VoIP communication network ("Voice over IP").
  • VoIP over IP A communication device - for example a VoIP telephone - with a predetermined WID (“Voice VLAN ID”) is usually connected to the switch.
  • the term "Voice VLAN ID" already indicates that a VLAN assigned to this VLAN ID is mainly reserved for connecting telephony components.
  • connection to a switch is not absolutely necessary to set up a VLAN.
  • VLANs without an assigned switch are also conceivable.
  • a communication device assigned to a VLAN can in turn contain a switch, for example an internally arranged switch.
  • This internal switch is used to connect a computer system to the communication device in order to ensure data exchange both from data processing services and from communication services with a common data line.
  • Such an arrangement is therefore often referred to as "single wire to desk".
  • While the communication device usually communicates via data packets marked with an identification number (WID) - "Tagged Frames” - the computer system connected to it usually uses "Untagged Frames", i.e. Data packets that do not contain an identification number (WID or VLAN ID).
  • WID identification number
  • VLAN ID VLAN ID
  • Switch assumed, in which only unmarked data packets and marked data packets are forwarded with the WID only intended for this port. For commissioning the communication device, this is e.g. connect to a port of the switch.
  • the WID assigned to the VLAN - for example intended for this port - must be configured in the communication device, since the switch discards any data packet that does not contain the WID intended for the connected port.
  • Data packets without a tag containing a WID are reserved for data communication with the computing unit and also pass through the switch.
  • the configuration of the WID on each of the communication devices in a communication system is a time-consuming measure when a large number of communication devices are started up for the first time. Furthermore, this configuration is necessary each time the communication device is moved to a different connection location, since each connection socket is generally assigned a different switch port with a different WID. Manual configuration is a time-consuming process that involves a lot of staff and time. For one For more efficient commissioning, automatic configuration of the WID of communication devices or the VLAN ID of packet-oriented communicating devices in a port-based virtual LAN should therefore be aimed for.
  • a method for automated configuration of a VLAN ID in a virtual LAN is already known from the US publication US 2002/0003801 AI.
  • a communication endpoint connected to a switch sends one marked with a selected VLAN ID
  • the VLAN ID selected for the confirmation message is noted as valid for this port-based VLAN and the communication endpoint is configured with this VLAN ID.
  • information in GVRP messages (“GARP VLAN Registration Protocol” where GARP stands for “Generic Attribute Registration Protocol” is used, which is sent at regular intervals from the switch to all connected endpoints become.
  • GARP Generic Attribute Registration Protocol
  • the method has the particular disadvantage that the switch must be designed with control logic for handling GVRP messages.
  • Another disadvantage is an increased data exchange due to the need to "try out" different VLAN IDs during the configuration phase.
  • the object of the invention is to provide means for supporting a • automatic configuration of communication devices in a virtual packet-oriented network, the above-mentioned disadvantages are avoided in their application.
  • an unmarked request message is sent, ie an request message containing no "tag" for requesting a network address, in particular an IP address (Internet Protocol).
  • This message is sent by the communication device to be configured as a broadcast message to a network address server located outside its network area or virtual network. Since the message is not marked, it passes through network node devices arranged between the network area and the packet-oriented network, which usually only allow unmarked data packets and data packets marked with the tag intended for the network area to pass.
  • the message is forwarded by the respective network node device to all recipients of the packet-oriented network, in particular the network address server, or, if this is located in another virtual LAN, by a forwarding function (DHCP relay) to the latter, due to the nature of the broadcast forwarded.
  • DHCP relay forwarding function
  • the request message has, for example, the structure of a so-called DHCP discovery message (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol col), with which an IP address is usually requested from the network address server.
  • this request message contains data which indicate to the network address server which receives and processes the request message that an identification number - or VLAN ID or WID - is requested by this request message for the configuration of the communication device.
  • the origin of the request message results, for example, from the network address of the forwarding function that is included.
  • the network address server sends the valid identification number or a valid range for the identification number - for example in the form of a list or in the form of a range specification, for example in the form of the specification "range of identification numbers is between 100 and 200" - as unmarked
  • the network address server reserves an IP address which, however, is not used by the network node device.
  • a significant advantage of the method according to the invention is to be seen in the fact that no additional tasks or processing steps are necessary for network node devices arranged between the network area and the packet-oriented network in order to use the method according to the invention.
  • a determination of the actual identification number is carried out following the support according to the invention for automatic configuration of the identification number.
  • the communication device sends an inquiry message in the form of a broadcast message sent to the entire network. This time, however, the request message is marked with an identification number from the previously stored identification number range. If in the response message no identification number range but rather an individual identification number has been transmitted by the network address server AS, only an inquiry message is required.
  • all marked messages that are not marked with the identification number provided for the virtual packet-oriented network are usually discarded.
  • the communication device If there is no response to a sent request message, the communication device is thus informed that the one used for marking the request message is not valid for the virtual packet-oriented network.
  • the communication device TP then sends a further request message with a different identification number from the previously stored identification number range. The method is repeated until, in response to a marked request message sent by the communication device, a response message sent by the network address server is forwarded to the communication device via the network node device.
  • a further advantageous embodiment provides for the network address or IP address previously reserved by the network address server to be released.
  • the communication device does not yet need an IP address reserved by the network address server, since the IP address is only configured at a time after the configuration of the identification number. With a transmission of an offered IP address in the response message, however, this IP address is reserved on the network address server AS on the network address server AS.
  • the communication device first uses a request message to instruct the network address server to assign the already reserved IP address to the communication device TP. After the network address server sends a confirmation message, the communication device sends an exemption message to indicate to the network address server that it does not need this IP address. The IP address is then noted on the network address server as available again.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides a network node device arranged between the network area and the packet-oriented network, for example as a level 2 network node device or “switch”.
  • This switch is also part of a network area or virtual network defined in this way.
  • An advantage of this switch is the guarantee of a defined transfer interface, through which the virtual network is collected over one dedicated router uplink is connected to the entire packet-oriented network in connection with a topology of the subscriber structures.
  • no further requirements have to be made of a standardized switch for executing the method according to the invention; in particular, no special processing steps have to be defined on it.
  • a VLAN is stretched for a communication terminal and for a connected computing unit in an IP subnetwork and mapped to exactly one connection of the switch (“port” or “switch port”).
  • the uplink ports between the switches and the router interface are defined as a so-called Q-trunk, so that any data traffic that is not limited to a subscriber's IP subnetwork must pass through the router.
  • a "trunk" connection is a connection between 802. IQ-capable network elements, i.e. Devices that understand the VLAN packet format and that can read the tag of a packet. Such a trunk enables multiplexing of several VLANs between several VLAN network elements.
  • the network node device has a plurality of connection units (ports), each port being assigned a virtual network with an identification number or VLAN ID in accordance with what is known as a "switch port mapping".
  • FIG. 1 a structural diagram for the schematic representation of an arrangement of a computing system and a communication unit
  • FIG. 2 a structural diagram for the schematic representation of a packet-oriented network.
  • Fig. 1 shows a communication device TP which e.g. is designed as a VoIP telephone ("Voice over Internet Protocol") TP.
  • An internal switch IS is assigned to the communication device TP or is also part of this communication device TP, symbolized by a dash-dotted box.
  • a first connection C1 leading to and from the internal switch IS is shown in the drawing with a larger line width in order to illustrate that the bidirectional data line of this first connection C1 has both the data traffic for the communication device TP and for a computing system CMP transported. Because of this, the second connection C1 is often also referred to as a trunk line or "trunk".
  • the communication device TP is connected to the computing system CMP with a second connection C2 - for example via the internal switch IS.
  • the communication device TP with its assigned internal switch IS is in turn connected to the computing system CMP.
  • the communication device TP is connected via its internal switch IS to a first switch LSW1.
  • a first network area or first virtual network VLAN1 comprises the communication terminal TP and its associated internal switch IS and the first switch LSW1.
  • a second network area or second virtual network VLAN2 comprises the computing unit CMP and the internal switch IS assigned to the communication terminal TP and the first switch LSW1.
  • the first switch LSW1 is connected to a first router ROU1.
  • the first router ROU1 and a further router ROU2 are shown in the drawing with an arrow-containing circle, the direction of the arrows merely equating the function of the router ROU1, ROU2 and not a directional specification of connected network elements.
  • the first router ROU1 is connected to the second router ROU2.
  • the dash-dotted boxes symbolizing a respective virtual network VLAN1, VLAN2 protrude into the representation of the first router ROU1 to indicate that a respective connection unit or port (not shown) of this first router ROU1 defines or manages a respective subnetwork.
  • a second switch LSW2 is connected to the second router ROU2.
  • a network address server AS is connected to the second switch LSW2.
  • the network address server AS works, for example, according to a DHCP protocol described below.
  • the first virtual network VLAN1 with a first subnetwork the second virtual one Network VLAN2 covered with a first subnetwork.
  • the virtual networks VLAN1, VLAN2 can occasionally be extended over several subnetworks.
  • a subnetwork defines an area within a larger network area.
  • a subnetwork is addressed by an IP address ("Internet Protocol") using a subnet mask or "subnet mask". This indicates up to how many bits of an IP address the network portion extends, the other bits of the IP address characterize a so-called host portion.
  • the network part designates the network to be addressed, the host part addresses the host in this network.
  • An IP address is specified, for example, using a 32-digit dual number. For easier clarity, this dual number is divided into four octets of eight bits each, the period is used as a separator. Every quarter can now be converted into a decimal number, values between 0 and 255 are possible.
  • a network address is the first address in a network, which can also be a subnet. The network address does not refer to a host in this network, but the entire network. There can be no network element that has this address.
  • the communication device TP defines a virtual network VLAN1 using a so-called "frame tagging" method.
  • the communication device TP exchanges data packets with the first switch LSW1, in which destination and origin identifying MAC addresses ("Media Access Control") by a 12-bit long identifier standardized according to IEEE 802. IQ ("Tag" ) or marking is expanded.
  • this identification or marking contains the identification number of the VLAN defined here and, because of the real-time communication character of the communication device TP, is also referred to as Voice VLAN ID ("WID").
  • WID Voice VLAN ID
  • this VLAN ID also named with the term "identification number”. Since virtual networks VLAN1, VLA 2 are considered in the following exemplary embodiment for structuring communication networks, the designation WID is usually used.
  • the computing system CMP exchanges untagged or unmarked data packets ("untagged frames") within the second network area VLAN2 with the first switch LSW1. These unmarked data packets are mainly reserved for pure, not real-time critical data communication.
  • the communication device TP In a mode in which the communication device TP has not yet been configured, it has no knowledge of the WID to be used in this network area VLAN1 for packet-oriented communication. Furthermore, it has not yet been assigned a network address or IP address ("Internet Protocol") valid in the entire packet-oriented network LAN. Such a mode does not only occur when the communication device TP is put into operation for the first time, but also after a restart of the communication device system TP or after a "plugging" of the communication device TP to another port (not shown) of the first switch LSW1.
  • a request message to the network address server AS marked according to the specifications of the first network area VLAN1 is also not possible, since the first switch LSW1 on the one hand discards all data packets with a WID not equal to the WID provided for the virtual network VLAN1 and on the other hand unmarked data packets are generally reserved for pure data communication without a WID.
  • an IP address assignment based on the "DHCP" protocol is generally described without reference to the drawing.
  • the DHCP protocol (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a client / server protocol that handles the assignment of IP addresses.
  • the DHCP protocol is used for dynamic and automatic terminal configuration e.g. the allocation of IP addresses.
  • the corresponding IP addresses are requested by the connected DHCP clients from a DHCP server.
  • the addresses are taken from an address pool that is defined on the DHCP server. With dynamic assignment, a valid IP address is temporarily assigned to a client for a certain time. If the IP address is no longer required by the client, the server can have it again and, for example, assign it to another client.
  • the DHCP protocol knows several message types with which the entire information exchange between client and server is controlled.
  • a request message (“DHCP Discover”) from the client is made by means of a message (“broadcast”) sent to the entire network in order to test the network for various DHCP servers.
  • DHCP Offer As a reply message (“DHCP Offer"), the DHCP server sends a broadcast message or a directed message ("Unicast") in which a configuration is suggested to the client. If the DHCP client accepts the configuration parameters offered, it broadcasts a request message ("DHCP request"). The server then sends the IP address and / or optionally further configuration parameters by means of a confirmation message (“DHCP acknowledge"). If the IP address is no longer required by the client, the client sends an exemption message ("DHCP Release”) to the server.
  • the DHCP The method in the form described so far requires a DHCP server in every virtual network, since broadcast messages are generally not transported across VLAN boundaries.
  • the DHCP protocol provides for an optional forwarding of the broadcast messages by so-called DHCP relays.
  • Each VLAN therefore only needs a DHCP relay, which usually forwards the broadcast message as a directed message to one or more DHCP servers.
  • the DHCP relay enters the address of the port on which the broadcast message was received in the message. Based on this address, among other things, the DHCP server decides which information it returns. This routing function is often taken over by routers.
  • DHCP unmarked
  • DHCP tagged with the (“tagged") for the first virtual network VLAN1 enters its address valid for the first virtual network VLAN1 in a data part of the DHCP message.
  • the WID Before the communication device TP can obtain an IP address, the WID must first be configured. Up to now, this configuration has mostly been carried out by a service technician who manually set the WID on each communication device of a communication system (not shown).
  • a message exchange for the configuration of the communication device TP takes place with the network address server AS At the beginning, the communication device TP sends an unmarked ("untagged") request message ("DHCP Discover") in the form of a broadcast message sent to the entire virtual network VLAN1. Sending an unmarked message ensures that this message passes the first switch LSW1.
  • DHCP Discover unmarked request message
  • the request message which is otherwise reserved for obtaining an IP address, contains information which indicates to a processing unit (not shown) arranged on the network address server AS or a processing process (not shown) running on the network address server AS that this request message is for the purpose of obtaining a WID is sent.
  • This information shows e.g. indicates that the communication device TP needs a list of WIDs.
  • the request message e.g.
  • a so-called class identifier code is set to the value "60" and a parameter "request list code” to the value "55". Details on the design of information in this request message are known to the person skilled in the art, for example, from document RFC 1533 (Request for Comment) of the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).
  • a list of the WIDs is defined on the address server AS, for example for the respective virtual packet-oriented network VLAN1.
  • the network address server AS processes this request message and subsequently sends a response message.
  • the communication device TP takes these WIDs from the response message and stores them.
  • the reply message also contains information about an IP address offered by the address server AS for the data part of the virtual packet-oriented network VLAN1 which exchanges unmarked messages.
  • the communication device TP does not need this IP address, since the IP address is only configured at a time after the WID has been configured.
  • this IP address is reserved on the network address server AS on the network address server AS.
  • the communication device TP first instructs the network address server AS with the aid of a request message (“DHCP request”) to assign the already reserved IP address to the communication device TP. After sending a confirmation message
  • DHCP Acknowledge by the network address server AS and receipt of this confirmation message by the communication device TP, the latter then sends an exemption message ("DHCP Release") to indicate to the network address server AS that the communication device TP does not need this IP address.
  • DHCP Release an exemption message
  • the communication device TP has not yet been assigned an IP address. With the stored information for a WID area, the communication device TP starts again to send an inquiry message ("DHCP Discover") in the form of a broadcast message sent to the entire virtual network VLAN1. This time, however, the request message is marked with a WID from the previously saved WID area. Marking is done in accordance with IEEE 802. IQ with a 12-bit identifier ("tag”) in the request message.
  • DHCP Discover inquiry message
  • tag 12-bit identifier
  • the communication device TP then sends a further request message with a different WID from the previously stored WID area.
  • the method is repeated until, on a marked request message sent by the communication device TP, a response message ("DHCP Offer") sent by the network address server AS is forwarded to the communication device TP via the first router ROU1 and the first switch LSW1.
  • the reply message is marked with a WID, the value of which corresponds to the WID valid for the first network area VLAN1. With knowledge of this valid WID, the communication device TP is configured with this WID. All subsequent messages sent by the communication device TP are now marked with this WID.
  • the communication device TP sends a marked request message ("DHCP request”) to request an IP address.
  • the server then sends the IP address and / or optionally further configuration parameters by means of a confirmation message ("DHCP acknowledge").
  • DHCP acknowledge In addition to its knowledge of the valid WID, the communication device TP now also has knowledge of its IP address assigned by the network address server AS and can go into operation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Small-Scale Networks (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour contribuer à une configuration automatique d'un dispositif de communication (TP) pourvu d'un numéro d'identification réservé, comprenant un réseau à transmission de paquets (LAN), un domaine de réseau (VLAN1) contenant le dispositif de communication (TP), seuls des paquets de données étiquetés avec le numéro d'identification réservé pouvant être échangés entre le domaine de réseau (VLAN1) et le réseau (LAN), ainsi qu'au moins un serveur d'adresses de réseau (AS) placé dans le réseau (LAN). Selon l'invention, un message de demande non étiqueté pour demander une adresse de réseau est transmis par le dispositif de communication (TP), ce message de demande étant réalisé sous forme de message à diffusion générale pour le réseau à transmission de paquets (LAN) et contenant des données pour la demande d'un numéro d'identification. Après réception et traitement du message par le serveur d'adresses de réseau (AS), au moins un numéro d'identification valable pour le domaine de réseau (VLAN1) est déterminé et un message de réponse non étiqueté contenant au moins un numéro d'identification est transmis par le serveur d'adresses de réseau (AS) au dispositif de communication (TP). Le message de réponse est traité dans le dispositif de communication (TP) et le numéro d'identification qui y est contenu est sauvegardé.
PCT/EP2004/002260 2003-04-29 2004-03-05 Procede pour contribuer a une configuration automatique d'un dispositif de communication WO2004098156A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE10319322.7 2003-04-29
DE10319322A DE10319322A1 (de) 2003-04-29 2003-04-29 Verfahren zur Unterstützung einer automatischen Konfiguration einer Kommunikationseinrichtung

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2890510A1 (fr) * 2005-09-06 2007-03-09 Checkphone Soc Par Actions Sim Securisation des flux en telephone sur ip
WO2007028896A1 (fr) * 2005-09-06 2007-03-15 Checkphone Securisation des flux en telephonie sur ip
CN111049763A (zh) * 2019-11-08 2020-04-21 苏州浪潮智能科技有限公司 一种数据中心交换机转发表的配置方法及装置

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