WO2004090617A2 - Räumlich hochauflösendes abbilden - Google Patents
Räumlich hochauflösendes abbilden Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004090617A2 WO2004090617A2 PCT/EP2004/003767 EP2004003767W WO2004090617A2 WO 2004090617 A2 WO2004090617 A2 WO 2004090617A2 EP 2004003767 W EP2004003767 W EP 2004003767W WO 2004090617 A2 WO2004090617 A2 WO 2004090617A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- state
- substance
- signal
- sample
- molecule
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 10
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009102 absorption Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010353 genetic engineering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012472 biological sample Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000034287 fluorescent proteins Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 108091006047 fluorescent proteins Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000799 fluorescence microscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 108010043121 Green Fluorescent Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000004144 Green Fluorescent Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005090 green fluorescent protein Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007697 cis-trans-isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006349 photocyclization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007699 photoisomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000242762 Anemonia sulcata Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001988 diarylethenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005588 protonation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6445—Measuring fluorescence polarisation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
- G01N21/6456—Spatial resolved fluorescence measurements; Imaging
- G01N21/6458—Fluorescence microscopy
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/16—Microscopes adapted for ultraviolet illumination ; Fluorescence microscopes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/36—Microscopes arranged for photographic purposes or projection purposes or digital imaging or video purposes including associated control and data processing arrangements
- G02B21/365—Control or image processing arrangements for digital or video microscopes
- G02B21/367—Control or image processing arrangements for digital or video microscopes providing an output produced by processing a plurality of individual source images, e.g. image tiling, montage, composite images, depth sectioning, image comparison
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y35/00—Methods or apparatus for measurement or analysis of nanostructures
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for spatially high-resolution imaging of a structure of a sample marked with a substance with the features of the preamble of patent claim 1.
- the substance can of course occur in the structure of the sample to be imaged. Otherwise the structure of the sample must be artificially marked with the substance.
- the spatial resolution. imaging optical methods is basically set by the diffraction limit (Abbe's limit) at the wavelength of the relevant optical signal.
- a fluorescent dye with which the structure of interest of a sample is marked, is converted into one wherever an optical switching signal exceeds a characteristic limit value, which is referred to in this description as the saturation limit value Energy state offset from which there is no (no longer) fluorescence.
- a characteristic limit value which is referred to in this description as the saturation limit value
- Energy state offset from which there is no (no longer) fluorescence If the spatial area from which then a measurement signal is registered, is determined by a local intensity minimum of the optical switching signal, which has a zero point and is generated, for example, by interference, its dimensions and thus the spatial resolution achieved are smaller than the diffraction limit. The reason is that the spatially limited sub-area from which the measurement signal is registered is narrowed with increasing degree of saturation of the depopulation of the state involved in the fluorescence. In the same way, the edge of a focal spot or strip becomes steeper, which also leads to an increased spatial resolution.
- a STED method with the features of the preamble of claim 1 is known from WO 95/21393 A1.
- a sample or a fluorescent dye in the sample is excited to fluoresce by an optical excitation signal.
- the spatial area of the excitation to which the diffraction limit applies is then reduced by superimposing it as a changeover signal with an intensity minimum of an interference pattern of an excitation light beam.
- the changeover signal exceeds a saturation limit, the fluorescent dye is completely switched off by stimulated emission, ie is de-excited from the previously excited energy state.
- the remaining spatial area, from which fluorescent light is then spontaneously emitted only corresponds to a reduced area around the zero of the intensity minimum, in which the switchover signal was not present or was not present with sufficient intensity.
- a protein which is increasingly stimulable to fluorescence in the red region by green light, but which loses its fluorescence properties when irradiated with blue light. This process is reversible. Apparently, the green light switches the protein into a conformational state in which it has the fluorescent property and at the same time stimulates fluorescence, while the blue light switches the protein into a conformational state without the fluorescent properties.
- the protein is a natural protein found in the sea anemone Anemonia sulcata, whose functions described here can be enhanced by the targeted exchange of an amino acid.
- the invention has for its object a method for spatially high-resolution imaging of a structure of a sample with the features of the preamble of Show claim 1, which can be carried out with comparatively little equipment.
- the use of substances that have two states with different optical properties is a central aspect of the invention.
- the substance can be switched from the first to the second state in a targeted manner using a switchover signal. This process is reversible. This means that the substance can also be brought back to the first state.
- the optical properties of the substance in the first state differ from those in the second state in that only they support the measurement signal. However, it is not imperative that the relevant optical properties are "binary", ie 100% in one state and 0% in the other state. Rather, it is sufficient if there are such large differences in the relevant optical properties that they allow an at least predominant assignment of the measurement signal to the first state.
- the invention makes no use of two simple energy states of a molecule between which the molecule can be transferred by simple energetic excitation. Rather, the two states differ in at least one of the following criteria:
- the optical switchover signal causes rearrangement of atomic groups, photoisomerization, in particular cis-trans isomerization, photocyclization, protonation or de-protonation, spin flipping, electron transfer and / or energy transfer between linked molecules or molecular subunits.
- An advantage of the invention over the prior art in the field of fluorescence microscopy is that the states of the substances in question generally have a lifespan many times longer than the energy states involved in fluorescence.
- the lifespan of the second state is therefore usually at least 1 ns.
- a lifespan of at least 10 ns is preferred.
- Thermally stable states are particularly preferred.
- the intensities required to achieve the change in state with the switchover signal are relatively low. Numerous switching processes in which the initial and / or final state is relatively long-lived (> 10 ns) can be triggered and brought to saturation with comparatively low intensities, because there are only relatively slow processes or sometimes no processes associated with the switching process compete.
- the different optical properties of the two states of the substance can be different spectral properties.
- the first optical properties can have different absorptions for an optical test signal than the second optical properties, wherein the measurement signal can be observed in transmission or also in reflection.
- Different luminescences from the group comprising fluorescence, phosphorescence, electroluminescence and chemiluminescence are preferred as different spectral properties.
- Molecules which change their spectral properties, in particular their color, and which are also suitable as a substance for marking the structure of interest in the context of the invention are also referred to as photochromic.
- the two states of the substance can also have different polarization properties, for example in relation to an optical test signal or a measurement signal emitted by the sample itself.
- the substance and the switchover signal must be coordinated with one another in such a way that the transition from the first state with the switchover signal to the second state depends nonlinearly on the intensity of the switchover signal. This is achieved when the transfer of the substance to the second state takes place completely or essentially completely wherever the changeover signal exceeds a saturation limit.
- the intensity of the switchover signal in the entire registration area outside the deliberately omitted spatial area must exceed the saturation limit, and at the same time the deliberately omitted spatial area must be a local intensity minimum of the switchover signal.
- a local intensity minimum with zero of the intensity can be provided by an interference pattern.
- projections can also be used for this; the switching signal can still be radiated in from the side at an acute or obtuse angle.
- holograms for generating local intensity minima of the switchover signal are possible. With the intensity minima of simple interference patterns, it is particularly easy to define the smallest spatial areas which are omitted from the switchover signal.
- the new methods preferably use substances which can be converted from the second to the first state with a different switching signal.
- the other switching signal like the switching signal, can be an optical signal. However, it can also be an electrical or thermal signal, for example. It is also possible for the switch back to the first state to take place spontaneously, ie thermally driven at ambient temperature. It is known, for example, that molecules which undergo photoinduced cis-trans isomerization can return to the first state purely thermally. With the other switching signal, however, the substance can be brought specifically back into the first state, which can be advantageous in order to accelerate the process as a whole.
- the other switching signal is preferably used before the switchover signal or after the measurement signal has been registered.
- the other switch signal can also be applied to the sample while the switchover signal is being applied. Furthermore, it is not necessary to limit the other switching signal to the spatial area of interest, which reduces the outlay for applying optical switching signals and enables other types of other switching signals in the first place.
- test signal is directed onto the sample to generate the measurement signal to be registered, this is applied to the sample after the switchover signal.
- the test signal can also be applied to the sample over a larger area enclosing the deliberately omitted spatial area.
- the spatial limitation required to increase the spatial resolution of the new method is performed by the optical switch signal.
- a corresponding excitation signal which is used as a test signal, can also be applied to the sample at the same time as the switchover signal. In any case, however, it should be applied to the sample later or at the earliest at the same time as the other switching signal, provided that the excitation signal and the other switching signal are not identical anyway.
- the sample is scanned with the region specifically omitted by the switchover signal, that is, scanned at all points.
- the sample can also be measured at the same time in several points that are spaced apart, ie defined areas.
- a plurality of optical measurement signals, which are to be assigned to the substance in the first state are registered for a plurality of registration regions, each of which, in addition to regions in which the substance is transferred to the second state, comprise a specifically omitted region, but at the same time separately from one another.
- the rasterization can take place by spatially shifting the switching signals used, in particular the switching signal, relative to the coordinates of the sample.
- the rasterization can be done by shifting one or more interfering minima of the switching signal. This shift can be brought about by a pure phase shift of the interfering beams.
- a cyclic sequence of the steps results: transfer of the substance in areas of the sample with the switchover signal into the second state, a defined area being deliberately omitted; Registering the optical measurement signal, which is to be assigned to the substance in the first state, for a registration area comprising the respectively deliberately omitted area; and converting the substance to the first state.
- the substance with the different optical properties is preferably selected from the group of proteins.
- proteins include in particular the known proteins asCP (asF595) and T70a / A148S / S165V, which have two conformational states with suitable spectral properties, or also the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and mutants derived from it.
- CP asF595
- T70a / A148S / S165V which have two conformational states with suitable spectral properties
- GFP green fluorescent protein
- Proteins as labeling substances can also be introduced into a biological sample by genetic engineering, so that no subsequent labeling of the structure of the sample with the substance is required which can adversely affect the sample or at least change it through the labeling step. If it is not possible to label the structures of interest of the sample by genetic engineering, the structure of the sample can be labeled with the substance in a manner known per se. For example, auxiliary substances can be used that selectively bind to the structure of interest and to which the substance is or will be bound. Many procedures are known to the person skilled in the art from the area of coloring samples for fluorescence microscopy. The sample can also inherently be molecules with suitable optical conditions that meet the substance requirements for the new method.
- the new imaging method can be carried out after marking the structures with the fluorescent substance on a conventional fluorescence microscope, the additional effort for improving the resolution below the diffraction limit is comparatively low and can be limited to additional means for providing the optical switching signal.
- These means could include, for example, a simple laser or a conventional lamp.
- the measurement signals from the individual areas are read out simultaneously with a (CCD) camera.
- the overall image of the sample then results from the combination of several images with different positions of the measured areas in the sample.
- F ⁇ g. 1 symbolically shows two conformational states of a molecule
- Fig. 2 shows schematically an arrangement for performing the new method.
- Flg. 1 symbolically shows a molecule or a molecular complex which can be in two different states 1 and 2.
- the first state 1 is suitable for fluorescence, but the second state 2 is not.
- Illumination with a changeover signal 3 with a specific wavelength can induce a targeted change from the first state 1 to the second state 2.
- the molecule can spontaneously return from the second state 2 to the first state 1.
- both states 1 and 2 are thermally stable and a further optical switching signal is used to switch back to the first state 1.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows a possible arrangement for carrying out the invention with two beam splitters 11 and 12 and a lens 13.
- a sample 7 is represented on the one hand by a
- Excitation signal which is used as test signal 4, from a fluorescence excitation 6 to
- Fluorescence excited, but on the other hand by the switching signal 3 from one Fluorescence prevention means 8 are prevented from fluorescence at definable locations by reversibly placing molecules in the non-fluorescent second state depending on the location. In the example shown, this is done by crossed interference-capable beams 14. In this case, fluorescence can only be generated in narrow spatial areas 9 which, under suitable conditions, such as the saturation of the switching, are narrower than the diffraction limit. By scanning the interference pattern 15 and sequentially detecting and reading out the fluorescence as a measurement signal 5 with a camera 10, the entire sample 7 can be recorded with high resolution.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By The Use Of Chemical Reactions (AREA)
- Microscoopes, Condenser (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04726457.7A EP1616216B1 (de) | 2003-04-13 | 2004-04-08 | Räumlich hochauflösendes abbilden |
JP2006505064A JP5414147B2 (ja) | 2003-04-13 | 2004-04-08 | 立体的高解像度結像 |
US11/249,098 US7430045B2 (en) | 2003-04-13 | 2005-10-12 | High spatial resolution imaging |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10317613.6 | 2003-04-13 | ||
DE10317613 | 2003-04-13 | ||
US10/420,896 | 2003-04-22 | ||
US10/420,896 US7064824B2 (en) | 2003-04-13 | 2003-04-22 | High spatial resoulution imaging and modification of structures |
DE10325460A DE10325460A1 (de) | 2003-04-13 | 2003-06-05 | Räumlich hochauflösendes Abbilden |
DE10325460.9 | 2003-06-05 |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/249,098 Continuation-In-Part US7430045B2 (en) | 2003-04-13 | 2005-10-12 | High spatial resolution imaging |
US11/249,098 Continuation US7430045B2 (en) | 2003-04-13 | 2005-10-12 | High spatial resolution imaging |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004090617A2 true WO2004090617A2 (de) | 2004-10-21 |
WO2004090617A3 WO2004090617A3 (de) | 2007-02-08 |
Family
ID=33162572
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2004/003767 WO2004090617A2 (de) | 2003-04-13 | 2004-04-08 | Räumlich hochauflösendes abbilden |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1616216B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP5414147B2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004090617A2 (de) |
Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2004090617A3 (de) * | 2003-04-13 | 2007-02-08 | Max Planck Gesellschaft | Räumlich hochauflösendes abbilden |
DE102006021317B3 (de) * | 2006-05-06 | 2007-10-11 | MAX-PLANCK-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | Verfahren und Fluoreszenzlichtmikroskop zum räumlich hochauflösenden Abbilden einer Struktur einer Probe |
EP1862794A1 (de) * | 2006-05-31 | 2007-12-05 | Carl Zeiss MicroImaging GmbH | Verfahren zum räumlich hochauflösenden Abbilden |
EP1894010A2 (de) * | 2005-05-23 | 2008-03-05 | Harald F. Hess | Optische mikroskopie mit lichtumwandelbaren optischen etiketten |
JP2008083047A (ja) * | 2006-09-25 | 2008-04-10 | Leica Microsystems Cms Gmbh | 検体の蛍光発生物質で標識された構造の空間的に高解像度の調査方法 |
EP1967887A1 (de) | 2007-03-06 | 2008-09-10 | Leica Microsystems CMS GmbH | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Strahljustage in einem optischen Strahlengang |
WO2009010506A1 (de) | 2007-07-18 | 2009-01-22 | MAX-PLANCK-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | Verfahren zum bestimmen eines messwerts auf der basis von einzelmolekülereignissen |
DE102008011993A1 (de) | 2008-02-29 | 2009-09-10 | Leica Microsystems Cms Gmbh | Synchronisierte Bildgebung mittels optischer Verfahren und Rasterkraftmikroskopie |
US7772569B2 (en) | 2008-04-01 | 2010-08-10 | The Jackson Laboratory | 3D biplane microscopy |
US8217992B2 (en) | 2007-01-11 | 2012-07-10 | The Jackson Laboratory | Microscopic imaging techniques |
WO2013007726A1 (en) * | 2011-07-11 | 2013-01-17 | Facultes Universitaires Notre-Dame De La Paix | Method for high resolution sum-frequency generation and infrared microscopy |
US8564792B2 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2013-10-22 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Sub-diffraction limit image resolution in three dimensions |
DE102016104651A1 (de) | 2015-03-24 | 2016-09-29 | Abberior Instruments Gmbh | Verfahren und Rasterfluoreszenzlichtmikroskop zum dreidimensional hochauflösenden Abbilden einer mit Fluorophoren markierten Struktur einer Probe |
US9897536B2 (en) | 2013-01-04 | 2018-02-20 | University Of Limerick | Differential infra red nanoscopy system and method |
EP3285064A1 (de) * | 2006-08-07 | 2018-02-21 | President and Fellows of Harvard College | Bildauflösung unter der diffraktionsgrenze und andere abbildungsverfahren |
US10073035B2 (en) | 2006-08-07 | 2018-09-11 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Sub-diffraction limit image resolution and other imaging techniques |
EP1907826B2 (de) † | 2005-07-22 | 2020-11-25 | Carl Zeiss MicroImaging GmbH | Auflösungsgesteigerte lumineszenz-mikroskopie |
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DE102009015341A1 (de) | 2009-03-27 | 2010-10-07 | Carl Zeiss Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur optischen Untersuchung von Proben |
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WO2004090617A2 (de) * | 2003-04-13 | 2004-10-21 | Max-Planck-Gesselschaft Zur Förderung Der Wissenschaften E.V. | Räumlich hochauflösendes abbilden |
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- 2004-04-08 WO PCT/EP2004/003767 patent/WO2004090617A2/de active Application Filing
- 2004-04-08 JP JP2006505064A patent/JP5414147B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-08 EP EP04726457.7A patent/EP1616216B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Cited By (53)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2004090617A3 (de) * | 2003-04-13 | 2007-02-08 | Max Planck Gesellschaft | Räumlich hochauflösendes abbilden |
EP1894010A4 (de) * | 2005-05-23 | 2008-12-31 | Harald F Hess | Optische mikroskopie mit lichtumwandelbaren optischen etiketten |
US7626695B2 (en) | 2005-05-23 | 2009-12-01 | Robert Eric Betzig | Optical microscopy with phototransformable optical labels |
EP2453237A1 (de) * | 2005-05-23 | 2012-05-16 | Harald F. Hess | Optische Mikroskopie mit lichtumwandelbaren optischen Etiketten |
US7535012B2 (en) | 2005-05-23 | 2009-05-19 | Robert Eric Betzig | Optical microscopy with phototransformable optical labels |
US10107753B2 (en) | 2005-05-23 | 2018-10-23 | Hestzig Llc | Optical microscopy with phototransformable optical labels |
US9360426B2 (en) | 2005-05-23 | 2016-06-07 | Hestzig Llc | Optical microscopy with phototransformable optical labels |
US8599376B2 (en) | 2005-05-23 | 2013-12-03 | Hestzig Llc | Optical microscopy with phototransformable optical labels |
US7782457B2 (en) | 2005-05-23 | 2010-08-24 | Hestzig Llc | Optical microscopy with phototransformable optical labels |
US7864314B2 (en) | 2005-05-23 | 2011-01-04 | Hestzig Llc | Optical microscopy with phototransformable optical labels |
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EP1616216A2 (de) | 2006-01-18 |
EP1616216B1 (de) | 2018-11-07 |
JP5414147B2 (ja) | 2014-02-12 |
JP2007524071A (ja) | 2007-08-23 |
WO2004090617A3 (de) | 2007-02-08 |
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