WO2004088868A1 - 送信装置、受信装置、送信方法、受信方法、ならびに、プログラム - Google Patents
送信装置、受信装置、送信方法、受信方法、ならびに、プログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004088868A1 WO2004088868A1 PCT/JP2004/004254 JP2004004254W WO2004088868A1 WO 2004088868 A1 WO2004088868 A1 WO 2004088868A1 JP 2004004254 W JP2004004254 W JP 2004004254W WO 2004088868 A1 WO2004088868 A1 WO 2004088868A1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
- H04J13/0003—Code application, i.e. aspects relating to how codes are applied to form multiplexed channels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
- H04J13/0007—Code type
- H04J13/0018—Chaotic
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a transmission device, a reception device, and a transmission method suitable for transmitting a plurality of synchronization signals so that the reception side can efficiently separate the synchronization signals.
- the present invention relates to a receiving method, a receiving method, and a program for realizing these by a computer. Background art
- CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
- WCDMA Wideband CDMA
- the transmitting side superimposes and adds different spread codes to each of a plurality of signals and transmits the signals.
- the receiving side performs correlation while shifting the spread code assigned to itself and the received signal, sets a point having a high correlation as a synchronization point, superimposes a spreading code on the basis of the synchronization point, and superimposes a spreading code on the reception side. Restore the signal.
- the following document discloses a technique for asynchronous user CDMA, and asserts that asynchronous user CDMA has less interference noise than synchronous user CDMA.
- Non-Patent Document 1 MB Pursely, Performance Evaluation for Phased -Coded Spread- Spectrum Multiple-Access Communication Part 1: S ystem Analysis, IEEE Trans-Communications, Vol. 25 (1977), pp. 7 95-799.
- the present invention relates to a transmitting device, a receiving device, a transmitting method, a receiving method, and a program for realizing these by a computer, which are suitable for transmitting a plurality of synchronization signals so that the receiving side can efficiently separate them.
- the purpose is to provide.
- a transmitting device includes an input receiving unit, an asynchronous unit, a modulating unit, and a transmitting unit, and is configured as follows.
- the input receiving unit receives inputs of a plurality of synchronization signals..., R N.
- the asynchronous section includes a plurality of synchronization signals input was received ..., each r N, time, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , t N by multiple asynchronous signals Vl which is delayed, outputs a ⁇ v N.
- the modulator outputs a plurality of output asynchronous signals,..., And a modulated signal obtained by modulating VN ,..., (1L ⁇ N).
- the transmitting unit transmits the output modulated signals,...,.
- the time the delay, ..., t N are a plurality of synchronizing signals r accepted the input, ..., is short Ri by the reciprocal of the minimum value of clock rate of r N.
- the transmission device of the present invention further includes a storage unit, the storage unit stores the delay time,..., TN in advance, and the desynchronizer stores the time stored in the storage unit.
- the plurality of synchronization signals n,..., r N Each can be configured to be delayed by the time ti,..., TN .
- the modulation unit classifies the asynchronous signals Vl , ...: v N into L (L ⁇ N) signal groups, and each of the classified L signal groups. Is applied to any of the L spread spectrum modulators so that the modulated signals ⁇ ,... Are output.
- the transmitting unit transmits each of the modulated signals Wl ,..., WL by radio using L radio frequency modulators using different carrier frequencies. Can be configured.
- the transmitting section applies the modulated signals,..., W L to the I channel and the Q channel of each of the L / 2 radio frequency modulators using different carrier frequencies. Can be configured so as not to overlap, and each of the obtained transmission signals can be wirelessly transmitted.
- the time to be delayed is represented by an integer value a stored in advance and a non-linear transformation f ( ⁇ ) on a predetermined finite field.
- the value a stored in advance is set such that the predetermined time elapses.
- the predetermined non-linear conversion f ( ⁇ ) can be configured to be any one of the following (a) to (e). (a) conversion by two or more Chibishoff polynomials,
- a receiving device includes a receiving unit, a delay unit, a demodulation unit, and an output unit, and is configured as follows.
- the receiving unit receives a plurality of signals as received signals ai ,..., A L (l L).
- the delay unit converts each of the received signals ai , ⁇ , a L into a time T-ti,..., T-t N (L ⁇ N) by a predetermined constant time T.
- a plurality of intermediate signals Pt overlapping phrase delaying or outputs a .. ,, p N.
- Et al is, the demodulation unit, the outputted plurality of intermediate signals. -., Demodulated signal obtained by demodulating the p N, ..., and outputs the r N.
- the output unit may output a plurality of demodulated signals r !, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , the r N, and outputs the transmitted plurality of synchronization signals.
- the receiving device of the present invention further includes a storage unit, and can be configured as follows.
- the storage unit stores the predetermined constant time T and time ti,... In advance.
- the delay unit from the stored time in the storage unit, the plurality of synchronous signal n, ..., seeking a delay time for each r N, the time T-ti, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , only Tt N delay Let it.
- the delay unit includes the delay time T ⁇ 1
- T-and t N are classified into L delay groups, each of the classified L number of delay time between groups, the received signal ai, .. ⁇ , applied so as not to overlap in a L Te can be configured to power sale by outputting the intermediate signal Pl, ... ⁇ , a p N.
- the receiving unit is configured to obtain each of the received signals ai ,..., A L from L radio frequency demodulators using mutually different carrier frequencies. be able to.
- the receiving section overlaps the received signal..., 'At from the respective I channel and Q channel of the L / 2 radio frequency demodulators using different carrier frequencies. Can be configured to not get.
- the time sequence ..., T, the integer value a stored in advance, and the nonlinear transformation f ( ⁇ ) on a predetermined finite field
- the value a stored in advance is set such that every time a predetermined time elapses
- T N can be configured to be updated.
- the predetermined non-linear conversion f ( ⁇ ) can be configured to be any of the following (a) to (e).
- a transmission method includes an input receiving step, a desynchronizer step, a modulation step, and a transmission step, and is configured as follows.
- accept add an input of a plurality of synchronization signals ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ r N is the input accepting step.
- a plurality of asynchronous signals VI,..., 'VN are output by delaying the plurality of received synchronous signals r and r N by time t and t N , respectively.
- a modulated signal WL (1 L ⁇ N) obtained by modulating the plurality of output asynchronous signals v 1 ⁇ v N is output.
- the time t is the delay
- t N are a plurality of synchronizing signals ... accepted input, even Ri by the reciprocal of the minimum value of clock rate of r N short.
- the transmission method of the present invention uses a storage unit that stores delay times t !,..., TN in advance, and in the desynchronization step, the plurality of times t !,...
- Each of the synchronization signals- ⁇ , r N can be configured to be delayed by the time, ⁇ ',.
- the asynchronous signals VI,..., VN are classified into L (L ⁇ N) signal groups, and each of the classified L signal groups is classified.
- the modulated signal can be configured to be given to any of the L spread spectrum modulators so as not to overlap and to output the modulated signal.
- the modulated signal in the transmission step, is transmitted by L radio frequency modulators using mutually different carrier frequencies.
- Each of the WLs can be configured to transmit wirelessly.
- the modulated signal Wl is given to each of the I / 2 and Q channels of the L / 2 radio frequency modulators using different carrier frequencies so as not to overlap. And get Each of the obtained transmission signals can be configured to be wirelessly transmitted.
- the value a stored in advance is set as follows each time a predetermined time elapses.
- T N can be configured to be updated.
- the predetermined non-linear conversion f ( ⁇ ) can be configured to be any of the following (a) to (e).
- a receiving method includes a receiving step, a delay step, a demodulation step, and an output step, and is configured as follows.
- each of the plurality of received signals,..., A L is not overlapped with any of the times Tt..., T-tN (L ⁇ N) by the predetermined constant time T. It outputs a plurality of delayed intermediate signals p 1; p N.
- Et al is, in the demodulation step, the outputted plurality of intermediate signals ⁇ ⁇ , demodulated signal obtained by demodulating the p N, -., And outputs the r N.
- the output plurality of demodulated signals ⁇ ⁇ , r N are output as a plurality of transmitted synchronization signals.
- the receiving method of the present invention uses a storage unit that stores the predetermined constant time T and the time... In advance, and in the delaying step, from the time stored in the storage unit, the plurality of synchronization signals,. seeking a delay time for each of the r N, the time T-, ⁇ , T - t N only can a child of the sea urchin configuration by delays. '
- the delay times T ⁇ t! And T ⁇ are classified into L delay time groups, and each of the classified L delay time groups is The intermediate signals Pl ,..., PN can be output by applying the received signals ai , so as not to overlap.
- the receiving step may be by Uni constituting obtain each of the different conveyance using frequency L number of radio frequency demodulator the received from the signal ai, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , a L to each other .
- the received signals ai ,..., At from the respective I and Q channels of the L / 2 radio frequency demodulators using different carrier frequencies are not overlapped. It can be configured to obtain it.
- the time,..., T N is represented by an integer value a stored in advance and a non-linear transformation f ( ⁇ ) on a predetermined finite field.
- the value a stored in advance is set as follows each time a predetermined time elapses.
- T N can be configured to be updated.
- the predetermined non-linear conversion f (*) can be configured to be any of the following (a) to (e).
- a program according to another aspect of the present invention includes a computer (including an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), a DSP, and a Digitized Signal Processor) and an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit). It is configured to function as a device, or to cause a computer to execute the above-described transmission method or reception method.
- a computer including an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), a DSP, and a Digitized Signal Processor) and an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit). It is configured to function as a device, or to cause a computer to execute the above-described transmission method or reception method.
- the program shall be recorded on a computer-readable information recording medium such as a compact disk, a flexible disk, a hard disk, a magneto-optical disk, a digital video disk, a magnetic tape, and a semiconductor memory.
- a computer-readable information recording medium such as a compact disk, a flexible disk, a hard disk, a magneto-optical disk, a digital video disk, a magnetic tape, and a semiconductor memory.
- a computer-readable information recording medium such as a compact disk, a flexible disk, a hard disk, a magneto-optical disk, a digital video disk, a magnetic tape, and a semiconductor memory.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a transmission device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the receiving device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing simulation results for examining a bit error rate when the present invention is applied to WC DMA communication and when it is not applied.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing simulation results for examining a bit error rate in a case where the present invention is applied to WCDMA communication and in a case where the present invention is not applied.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing simulation results for examining a bit error rate when the present invention is applied to WC DMA communication and when it is not applied.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing simulation results for examining a bit error rate when the present invention is applied to WDCMA communication and when it is not applied.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing simulation results for examining a bit error rate when the present invention is applied to WC DMA communication and when it is not applied.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing simulation results for examining a bit error rate when the present invention is applied to WC DMA communication and when it is not applied.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a transmission device according to one embodiment of the present invention. Hereinafter, description will be made with reference to this figure.
- the transmitting device 101 includes an input receiving unit 102, an asynchronous unit 103, a modulating unit 104, a transmitting unit 105, a storage unit 106, and a calculating unit 107. And.
- These synchronization signals correspond to, for example, the following signals.
- the asynchronous section 1 0 3 a plurality of synchronization signals which input was received, ..., each r N, time, ..., t N by a plurality of delayed ⁇ synchronization signal Vl, ..., v Output N.
- the delay time t ,, ..., t N is multiple of the synchronizing signal ri accepted the input, ..., the reciprocal of the minimum value of the click lock rate of r N (hereinafter referred to as W.) Good Ri Should also be shorter.
- the delay times ti,..., T N are previously stored in the storage unit 106. Further, using an integer a stored in advance in the storage unit 106, a non-linear transformation f ( ⁇ ) on a predetermined finite field, and a predetermined proportionality coefficient c, the calculation unit 107 calculates By calculating the recurrence formula, it may be set so that it is proportional to the obtained values..., UN.
- calculation unit 107 determines that every time a predetermined time elapses
- a f (UK; As described above, the value of the integer stored in the storage unit 106 may be updated, and the delay time,..., TN may be recalculated with the update.
- Transformation that has the same shape as any of the above (a) to (d) by linear coordinate transformation. ,..., T N obtained in this manner are some kind of random numbers, which disturb the synchronization of a plurality of synchronization signals and a plurality of asynchronous signals V i,.
- ti,..., TN may be determined using not only the above-described various methods but also various pseudo-random number generation methods. Alternatively, it is also possible to prepare in advance as random numbers,..., t N, and adopt a form in which these are used repeatedly.
- the modulator 104 modulates the output asynchronous signals Vl ,..., VN.
- Each of the spread spectrum modulators 111 shown in this figure superimposes and adds four different spreading codes to an input asynchronous signal to perform spread spectrum modulation. Do. It is desirable that sets of spreading codes used by spectrum spreading modulators 111 do not overlap each other. However, depending on the field of application, the spread spectrum modulator 111 that uses the same set of spreading codes or a set of partially overlapping spreading codes is applied to each signal group. be able to.
- modulating section 104 outputs modulated signal ⁇ ,.
- modulated signal ⁇ since each of the spread spectrum modulators 11 1 outputs a signal, wi and w 2 are output.
- transmitting section 105 transmits the output modulated signal ⁇ ,...
- transmission similar to conventional WCDMA is performed by giving Wl and Il to the I and Q channels, respectively, whose phases differ by 90 degrees.
- the transmitting unit 105 may wirelessly transmit each of the modulated signal and Wl_ using a radio frequency modulator using a different carrier frequency. .
- the signal to be transmitted to one of the receivers in one of the above transmitters is one of the following, use a normal CD ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ receiver that synchronizes with the correlation. Then, ii can be restored on the receiving side.
- each signal corresponds to an audio signal, an image signal, various data signals, a control data signal, and the like, and one terminal uses a plurality of these signals.
- This is an embodiment applicable as a mobile station of the DMA 200) or the multi-channel WC DMA.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a receiving device according to one embodiment of the present invention, which corresponds to the transmitting device shown in FIG.
- description will be made with reference to this figure.
- the receiving device 201 of the present embodiment includes a receiving unit 202, a delay unit 203, a demodulating unit 204, and an output unit 205.
- the receiving section 202 receives a plurality of signals as received signals a !, .., a L (1 ⁇ L).
- the transmitting apparatus 101 shown in FIG. 1 there are two forms of the transmitting unit 105: a method using an I channel and a Q channel, and a method using a different carrier frequency.
- the I channel and the Q channel there are two forms of the transmitting unit 105: a method using an I channel and a Q channel, and a method using a different carrier frequency.
- the bandpass filters of the respective carrier frequency bands may be used in the receiving unit 202.
- L 2 as in the above-mentioned transmitting device 101.
- the delay unit 203 converts the plurality of received signals a !, .. ⁇ , a L into time T-, ⁇ ', T-tN ( a plurality of intermediate signal P is delayed without overlapping any of L ⁇ N),. ⁇ ., it outputs the p N. Shown in this figure In you example, a, from the delay time which T-, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , T-only four signal delayed ..., has gained p 4, from a 2, a delay time this T-1 5, ..., T - 1 8 only four of the signal p 5 which is delayed,..., has gained ⁇ ⁇ .
- ⁇ may be any constant as long as it is a constant larger than any of the delay times, but it is desirable to adopt numerical values such as S and W in comparison with the transmission equipment * 101.
- the time t ⁇ is determined in the same way as the corresponding transmitting device 101.
- the same processing as the storage unit 106 and the calculation unit 107 is performed by the storage unit 206 and the calculation unit 107.
- the initial value a is shared by the transmitting device 101 and the receiving device 201, the same value is obtained even if the subsequent times are calculated independently. be able to.
- the constant T may be stored in the storage unit 106, the calculation unit 207 may calculate T-ti, and the constant may be notified to the delay unit 203.
- demodulator 2 0 4 the outputted plurality of intermediate signals Roiota, ..., demodulated signal obtained by demodulating the p N, and outputs a.
- L number of spread spectrum demodulators 2 11 are used in accordance with the transmitting apparatus 101.
- Each of the spread spectrum demodulators 2 11 1 performs demodulation by using a spreading code used in a corresponding one of the spread spectrum modulators 111 of the transmitting apparatus 101. .
- output section 205 outputs the plurality of demodulated signals..., R N output as a plurality of transmitted synchronization signals.
- ASN is the result of normal WCDMA communication
- AAN is the result of asynchronous channel WDMA communication to which the present invention is applied.
- bit error rate is 0.001
- the number of users is 16 in normal WCDMA communication, but 20 in asynchronous WC DMA communication.
- it is 0.02
- the number of users is 12 in normal WCDMA communication, but 16 in asynchronous WCDMA communication.
- Non-Patent Document 1 an analysis result is obtained that the asynchronous user CDMA has less interference noise than the synchronous user CDMA. The same effect is obtained by actively synchronizing the signal.
- INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY As described above, according to the present invention, a transmission device, a transmission method, and a transmission method suitable for transmitting a plurality of synchronization signals so that the reception side can efficiently separate the synchronization signals are provided. A program realized by a computer can be provided.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Synchronisation In Digital Transmission Systems (AREA)
- Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04723742A EP1610471A4 (en) | 2003-03-28 | 2004-03-26 | TRANSMITTER, RECEIVER, TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING METHODS, AND PROGRAM |
US10/551,244 US7577182B2 (en) | 2003-03-28 | 2004-03-26 | Transmitter apparatus, receiver apparatus, transmission method, reception method and program |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2003090436A JP3650821B2 (ja) | 2003-03-28 | 2003-03-28 | 送信装置、受信装置、送信方法、受信方法、ならびに、プログラム |
JP2003-90436 | 2003-03-28 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2004088868A1 true WO2004088868A1 (ja) | 2004-10-14 |
Family
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PCT/JP2004/004254 WO2004088868A1 (ja) | 2003-03-28 | 2004-03-26 | 送信装置、受信装置、送信方法、受信方法、ならびに、プログラム |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7577182B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1610471A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3650821B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100502251C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004088868A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101860432A (zh) * | 2010-04-09 | 2010-10-13 | 李锐 | 高阶复合混沌信号发生装置 |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7505478B2 (en) * | 2002-10-02 | 2009-03-17 | Marvell International Ltd. | Method and apparatus of de-multiplexing data |
US20060222056A1 (en) * | 2005-03-29 | 2006-10-05 | Hitachi Kokusai Electric Inc. | Base station device |
US7937427B2 (en) * | 2007-04-19 | 2011-05-03 | Harris Corporation | Digital generation of a chaotic numerical sequence |
KR101851712B1 (ko) * | 2012-01-31 | 2018-06-11 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 디지털 시변 필터를 이용한 다채널 오디오 신호 변환 장치, 이를 포함하는 전자 시스템, 및 디지털 시변 필터를 이용한 다채널 오디오 신호 변환 방법 |
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US5228055A (en) | 1991-01-31 | 1993-07-13 | Clarion Co., Ltd. | Spread spectrum communication device |
JPH11177528A (ja) * | 1997-12-10 | 1999-07-02 | Sharp Corp | 階層化遅延多重スペクトル拡散通信装置 |
JPH11243381A (ja) * | 1998-02-24 | 1999-09-07 | Yrp Idou Tsushin Kiban Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk | スペクトラム拡散通信装置 |
JP2001060937A (ja) * | 1999-08-19 | 2001-03-06 | Communication Research Laboratory Mpt | 擬似雑音系列の出力装置、送信装置、受信装置、通信システム、擬似雑音系列の出力方法、送信方法、受信方法、および、情報記録媒体 |
JP2003110503A (ja) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-11 | Communication Research Laboratory | 送信装置および送信方法、受信装置および受信方法、並びに送受信装置および送受信方法 |
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US6587452B1 (en) * | 1999-01-04 | 2003-07-01 | Golden Bridge Technology, Inc. | High performance signal structure with multiple modulation formats |
US6377611B1 (en) * | 1999-02-01 | 2002-04-23 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Apparatus and method for a DSSS/CDMA receiver |
US6624767B1 (en) * | 2000-09-06 | 2003-09-23 | Qualcomm, Incorporated | Data buffer structure for asynchronously received physical channels in a CDMA system |
US7061970B2 (en) * | 2000-11-14 | 2006-06-13 | Irving Reed | Self-synchronizing adaptive multistage receiver for wireless communication systems |
US7139237B2 (en) * | 2000-12-29 | 2006-11-21 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and system for multirate multiuser modulation |
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2003
- 2003-03-28 JP JP2003090436A patent/JP3650821B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-03-26 EP EP04723742A patent/EP1610471A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-03-26 WO PCT/JP2004/004254 patent/WO2004088868A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-03-26 US US10/551,244 patent/US7577182B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-26 CN CNB2004800085235A patent/CN100502251C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US5228055A (en) | 1991-01-31 | 1993-07-13 | Clarion Co., Ltd. | Spread spectrum communication device |
JPH11177528A (ja) * | 1997-12-10 | 1999-07-02 | Sharp Corp | 階層化遅延多重スペクトル拡散通信装置 |
JPH11243381A (ja) * | 1998-02-24 | 1999-09-07 | Yrp Idou Tsushin Kiban Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk | スペクトラム拡散通信装置 |
JP2001060937A (ja) * | 1999-08-19 | 2001-03-06 | Communication Research Laboratory Mpt | 擬似雑音系列の出力装置、送信装置、受信装置、通信システム、擬似雑音系列の出力方法、送信方法、受信方法、および、情報記録媒体 |
JP2003110503A (ja) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-11 | Communication Research Laboratory | 送信装置および送信方法、受信装置および受信方法、並びに送受信装置および送受信方法 |
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M.B. PURSELY: "Performance Evaluation for Phased-Coded Spread-Spectrum Multiple-Access Communication Part 1: System Analysis", IEEE TRANS-COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 25, 1977, pages 795 - 799 |
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Cited By (1)
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---|---|---|---|---|
CN101860432A (zh) * | 2010-04-09 | 2010-10-13 | 李锐 | 高阶复合混沌信号发生装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN100502251C (zh) | 2009-06-17 |
JP2004297688A (ja) | 2004-10-21 |
US20060215734A1 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
CN1768486A (zh) | 2006-05-03 |
JP3650821B2 (ja) | 2005-05-25 |
US7577182B2 (en) | 2009-08-18 |
EP1610471A4 (en) | 2011-11-09 |
EP1610471A1 (en) | 2005-12-28 |
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