WO2004087898A1 - 哺乳類胚への外来細胞の移植法 - Google Patents
哺乳類胚への外来細胞の移植法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004087898A1 WO2004087898A1 PCT/JP2004/004519 JP2004004519W WO2004087898A1 WO 2004087898 A1 WO2004087898 A1 WO 2004087898A1 JP 2004004519 W JP2004004519 W JP 2004004519W WO 2004087898 A1 WO2004087898 A1 WO 2004087898A1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/027—New or modified breeds of vertebrates
- A01K67/0271—Chimeric vertebrates, e.g. comprising exogenous cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/87—Introduction of foreign genetic material using processes not otherwise provided for, e.g. co-transformation
- C12N15/873—Techniques for producing new embryos, e.g. nuclear transfer, manipulation of totipotent cells or production of chimeric embryos
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
- C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
- C12N5/0603—Embryonic cells ; Embryoid bodies
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for transplanting foreign cells into a mammalian embryo. Specifically, the present invention relates to a technique for producing a chimeric organ and a chimeric animal composed of a foreign cell and a host cell by introducing and engrafting a foreign cell into a target organ of a fetus by transplanting it into an embryo in the uterus.
- a technique for producing a chimeric organ and a chimeric animal composed of a foreign cell and a host cell by introducing and engrafting a foreign cell into a target organ of a fetus by transplanting it into an embryo in the uterus.
- Chimeric animals are applied in various fields such as gene function search, production of useful substances, regenerative medicine, disease model animal production, livestock breed improvement, and preservation of rare organisms.
- ES cells embryonic stem cells
- ES cells are blastocysts, fertilized eggs with advanced cleavage (in the case of mice, fertilization, day 3).
- In vitro cells are cultured in vitro to dissociate and pass the cell mass.
- a chimeric animal can be produced in which host embryos (cells derived from fertilized eggs) and cells derived from ES cells are mixed.
- germline chimera can be obtained when ES cells differentiate into breeding line cells. Therefore, the cells were introduced by repeated mating based on this chimeric mouse.
- ES cells differentiate into germline cells. It depends on the efficiency, and the efficiency depends on the origin and lineage of ES cells.
- Another method for creating chimeric animals and organs is the conventional method of injecting organ cells into adults.
- Typical examples include bone marrow transplantation, organ transplantation, and organ regeneration by introducing foreign cells derived from the same organs into the liver and knee.
- spermatozoa derived from foreign mice have been successfully formed in the testis by injecting testis-derived cells into the vas deferens of another mouse testis (see Non-Patent Document 1).
- germline stem cells contained in the foreign spermatogonia (Germline stem cel l) are generated as spermatogonia in the host testis to form sperm.
- PGC primordial germ cells
- progenitor cells progenitor cells
- ova and sperm progenitor cells
- PGCs are located away from the gonad area in the future, move to the gonad primordium just before the reproductive epithelium differentiates, move in the blood circulation, and eventually settle in the reproductive epithelium.
- Into functional germ cells To achieve. In birds, embryos are laid off the mother's body as an egg, and embryo morphogenesis proceeds in the egg. Therefore, manipulation of the embryo at the early stage of embryogenesis (morphogenesis stage) can be easily performed.
- circulating PGCs from early embryos can be collected together with blood cells, separated, and injected into the blood of another chicken embryo.
- Mixed chimera gonads can be created.
- Exogenous PGCs are engrafted on the germline without changing from host-derived PGCs, forming sperm and eggs, so that progeny derived from foreign cells can be obtained. With this method, foreign cells can be differentiated into target organs without causing an immune response in the host.
- hematopoietic cells can be introduced into the embryo via the placenta (see Non-Patent Document 5), or neural crest cells can be injected into the amniotic cavity from the outside of the uterine wall using an injection pipette in the early stage of implantation.
- a method of introducing cells into the dorsal side of the neural crest where the cells are being closed and the vicinity thereof has been reported.
- the target organ especially the important organs (lung, heart, gastrointestinal tract) on the ventral side of the neural tube of the embryo.
- the method of introducing cells into the liver, kidney, knee, gonad, etc. has not yet been reported.
- Non-Patent Document 4
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for transplanting foreign cells into a mammalian embryo and a method for engrafting in a target organ, and engrafting as an organ-constituting cell to differentiate and develop, and specifically, a morphogenesis stage.
- a method for fixing foreign cells in the fetal organ by transferring (injecting) the foreign cells into the space between the embryo (fetus) and the placenta, and a chimeric organ and a chimeric animal produced by the method To do.
- mammals have As a result, we have found a method for transferring cells from the outside to the conceptus in the maternal body during pregnancy, introducing foreign cells into the target organ, and completing a system for creating a chimeric organ and thus a chimeric animal. More specifically, the mother animal is laparotomized under anesthesia, primordial germ cells are injected into the extraembryonic body cavity between the embryo (fetus) and the placenta, and the transferred cells are the developing gonads in the fetus. It was examined whether it was introduced into the group.
- the present invention makes it possible to introduce the transferred cells into the target organ by utilizing the morphogenic activity associated with the progression of ontogeny in mammals. The details are as follows.
- a method for transplanting foreign cells into a mammalian embryo comprising transferring the foreign cells into a space between a morphogenic embryo and a placenta in a mammalian body,
- the morphogenesis period is the period from the time when the extraembryonic body cavity is formed to the time when the extraembryonic body cavity and the intraembryonic cavity are completely divided, and the transplantation of foreign cells into the mammalian embryo of [1] Method,
- the cavity between the embryo and placenta is selected from the group consisting of extraembryonic body cavity, chorionic amniotic cavity, yolk sac, allantoic cavity, and blood vessels connecting fetus and placenta, [1] or [2] Transplanting foreign cells into mammalian embryos,
- [4] A method for transplanting a foreign cell according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the foreign cell is an embryonic or somatic stem cell or primordial germ cell,
- [5] A method for producing a chimeric organ or a chimeric animal, including the development and growth of an embryo transplanted by a foreign cell transfer method into a mammalian embryo according to any one of [1] to [4],
- a cell selected from the group consisting of an embryonic stem cell, a somatic stem cell, and a primordial germ cell is transplanted into a mammalian embryo in a mammalian body, the cell is introduced into the gonad, and is generated and grown in the mammalian body.
- a method for producing a germline chimeric animal comprising:
- a cell selected from the group consisting of embryonic stem cells, somatic stem cells and primordial germ cells is transplanted into a mammalian embryo in the mammalian body, the cells are introduced into the gonad, and are generated and grown in the mammalian body.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of embryo development from the primary stage to the somite stage. From the early primordial stage (the upper part of the figure), the extraembryonic body cavity, chorionic amniotic cavity, yolk sac, and allantoic cavity can be clearly identified.
- the chorionic amniotic cavity develops to envelop the embryo (upper left figure, middle left arrow), and yolk stalks are formed so that the intra-embryonic body cavity can be identified (middle figure).
- the extra-embryonic and intra-embryonic cavities are completely separated and the umbilical cord is formed (bottom of the figure).
- Fig. 2 is a diagram showing a method for transplanting foreign cells into a mammalian embryo.
- the anesthetized maternal animal is opened, and a pipette is inserted into the extraembryonic body cavity from the outer wall of the uterus to inject foreign cells (primordial germ cells).
- Upper row Pregnant parent and uterus.
- a mouse is a prolific animal, and a conceptus (embryo, placenta, etc.) is formed in each uterus of the uterus shown in the enlarged view.
- Middle of the figure Pregnancy 8. Shows the conception product (cross section) in the pupa on the fifth day.
- the embryo is located in about two thirds of the decidua from the endometrium.
- the embryo is usually positioned with the dorsal side facing the mesentery. Cells were injected into the extraembryonic body cavity as shown in the figure.
- the present invention is a method for fixing foreign cells in a fetal organ by transferring (injecting) the foreign cells into a space between a morphogenic embryo (fetus) and a placenta in a mammalian body.
- the present invention can be applied to any kind of animal as long as the target animal is a mammal in which embryo development occurs in an eclampsia. Examples include mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits, goats, hidges, rabbits, pigs, dogs, cats, monkeys and the like.
- the cavity that can be used as a place to transfer foreign cells can be a candidate anywhere between the fetus and the placenta, but the “extraembryonic body cavity” or “chorionic amniotic cavity” is preferred. Also,
- Yocular sac”, “allantoic cavity”, and “blood vessels” that connect the fetus and the placenta can also be candidates.
- any embryo that is in the morphogenesis stage can be used. Yes.
- the morphogenesis phase refers to the time when a new morphological feature is formed in the process of development of the organism, and refers to the time when the growth and deformation of the constituent cells occur. Even during the morphogenesis stage, the blastocyst stage and beyond are desirable, and from the time when the extraembryonic body cavity is formed, the “intraembryonic body cavity” is formed from a part of the extraembryonic body cavity along with the formation of the yolk stalk.
- the time of development until the external body cavity and the definitive body cavity are completely separated is desirable (see Figure 1).
- embryonic day 6 the time when the embryo can be confirmed from outside the uterus after implantation
- 13 days the time when the extraembryonic body cavity is completely separated from the intraembryonic body cavity: complete
- the period when the umbilical cord is formed it may be at any time, but 8.0 to 8.5 days (the period when the extraembryonic body cavity is clearest) is the most desirable period.
- any method can be used for introducing foreign cells as long as the cells can be injected into the cavity.
- a normal injection needle may be used, or a glass microphone mouth pipette may be used.
- injecting into the cavity it is not always necessary to pass through the wall of the uterus, and it can be injected freely from any direction as long as it can be injected into the cavity.
- the exogenous cell transferred to the embryo refers to a cell derived from an individual other than the animal individual into which the cell is transferred, and the origin animal may be a mammal or an animal other than a mammal.
- the origin animal may be a mammal or an animal other than a mammal.
- foreign cells there are no particular limitations on foreign cells, and any cell can be used without distinction between the same and different types.
- cells that contribute to the germ line are cell lines that inherit their genetic traits to future offspring, such as sperm and eggs.
- differentiated cells cells with similar properties (eg, EG cells: embryonic germ cell), or stem cells and somatic cells such as ES cells, retain their traits by dedifferentiation or genetic modification Or the acquired cell.
- EG cells embryonic germ cell
- stem cells and somatic cells such as ES cells
- Such cells that contribute to the germ line can be obtained by known techniques.
- ES cells It can be obtained by culturing the inner cell mass of blastocysts in vitro during mammalian development (Evans, MJ et al., Nature, 292: 154-156, 1981; Thomson, JA, Sc ience, 282: 1145-1147, 1998), EG cells can be obtained by culturing mammalian primordial germ cells together with LIF, FG F2, etc. (Matus i, Y., et al., Cel, 70: 841-847, 1992).
- the candidate is preferably a somatic (tissue) stem cell such as a hematopoietic stem cell, a neural stem cell, or a hepatic stem cell.
- somatic stem cell such as a hematopoietic stem cell, a neural stem cell, or a hepatic stem cell.
- mesenchymal stem cells originating from the mesoderm produce cells that can differentiate into various tissues and can therefore target various organs.
- the foreign cells defined in the present invention include cells that have been genetically modified by genetic manipulation such as new gene introduction, knock-in, knock-in, etc. with respect to these candidate cells.
- the genetic modification is a modification of a gene associated with a specific disease
- a model animal for the specific disease can be obtained by transferring the genetically modified cells.
- a chimeric organ or a chimeric animal capable of producing the useful protein can be obtained.
- a chimeric organ is a cell having two or more different genetic traits, or an organ formed between groups of cells between different animals, expressing each genetic trait, and It is characterized by the formation of affected organs.
- mosaic there is a similar term “mosaic”, but in a mosaic there is a single parent that is the origin of a cell, but a chimera is distinguished in that it has two or more parents.
- the process of chimera organ formation if the transferred cells contributed to the organ formation, and their genetic traits If it affects the organ formation more strongly, the organ will acquire a trait / function closer to the animal species / strain of the transferred cell.
- the created chimeric organ forms an organ that does not cause immune rejection to animals that originate in cells that have been transferred between different species, and that has the same function as the origin animal. It is possible.
- the present invention provides techniques necessary for applying embryonic and somatic stem cells and primordial germ cells identified in mammals to fields such as regenerative medicine. That is, the present invention can be used in research on cell lineages such as the differentiation mechanism of these stem cells, and in technology development for actually creating organs and individuals from these cells.
- the present invention includes a chimeric organ and a chimeric animal produced by the above-described method. Furthermore, when a foreign cell is introduced into the gonad and differentiated into a germ line cell in the chimeric animal, a germ line chimeric animal is formed. Individuals derived from foreign cells can be created by mating animals. The present invention also includes the progeny animals thus obtained.
- Example 1 an isolated embryonic germ cell that had been pre-fluorescent-labeled was injected into the extraembryonic space of the embryonic organ embryo of the mouse embryo, and injected into the gonad primordium of the host embryo. Indicates that we were able to introduce
- This example was performed as follows. Anesthetize the mother of ICR mice on the 8.5th day of pregnancy (the day of vaginal plug confirmation is day 0), and expose the pregnant uterus in the abdominal cavity by abdominal wall incision. Mouse embryos are implanted within about two thirds of the decidua from the endometrium, and the embryo is often located with the dorsal side facing the endometrium. In advance, the uterine wall near the implantation site was lightly scratched with a 27G needle, and then the primordial germ cells previously fluorescently labeled with PKH26 were injected with a glass micropipette (see Figure 2). Microphone A mouth pipette having a tip diameter of about ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ was used.
- the volume of fluid injected is approximately 1.01, and the number of cells per embryo is approximately 380.
- the embryos were removed and the gonad primordium of the embryos was observed in physiological saline with a fluorescence microscope to observe the distribution of the injected chicken primordial germ cells.
- embryos with the presence of fluorescently labeled cells in the host gonad primordium are fixed to Rothman, and then the tissue cells are prepared and introduced into the chick primordial germ cell-specific PAS positive. It was confirmed.
- the injection procedure was performed on 153 embryos, and 101 embryos survived. It was confirmed that the chicken primordial germ cells injected in one of the cases were established in the host mouse embryo gonad primordium.
- murine embryonic embryos are injected into the extraembryonic space of the embryo through the outer wall of the uterus, and pollen particles (cassaki pollen) having a diameter similar to that of the primordial progenitor cells are injected. It shows that the injected particles could be introduced.
- This example was performed as follows. 8.5 days and 9.5 days of pregnancy
- the micropipette has a tip diameter of about 100
- the injected volume is approximately 1.
- O I and the number of cells per embryo is approximately 4
- the present invention is a technique for transplanting cells into a mammalian goblet embryo and contributes to developmental engineering research and its practical application. According to the present invention, it is possible to clarify the life, death, growth, and differentiation of an exogenous cell during the ontogeny process, and to clarify the position in the cell lineage. The present invention also makes it possible to produce chimeric organs and chimeric animals, and to create organs and individuals with new characteristics. These can be used as transplantation research such as regenerative medicine, its means, and materials.
- germline chimeras when cells that contribute to the germline are used, it is possible to efficiently produce germline chimeras, save species, rescue rare organisms, preserve species in industrial animals, create transgenic animals, Produces new genetic marker animals at the cellular level, creates disease model animals, synthesizes useful substances by genetic manipulation-production, provides applications for technology development such as assay methods for toxic effects on reproductive stem cells is there.
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JP2005504242A JP4733520B2 (ja) | 2003-03-31 | 2004-03-30 | 哺乳類胚への外来細胞の移植法 |
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WO2023195429A1 (ja) * | 2022-04-07 | 2023-10-12 | 学校法人慈恵大学 | 非ヒト動物、及びその利用 |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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FLEISCHMAN R.A. ET AL: "Prevention of genetic anemias in mice by microinjection of normal hematopoietic stem cells into the fetal placenta", PNAS USA, vol. 76, no. 11, 1979, pages 5736 - 5740, XP002979728 * |
JAENISCH RUDOLF: "Mammalian neural crest cells participate in normal embryonic development on microinjection into post-implantation mouse embryos", NATURE, vol. 318, 1985, pages 181 - 183, XP002979727 * |
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WO2023195429A1 (ja) * | 2022-04-07 | 2023-10-12 | 学校法人慈恵大学 | 非ヒト動物、及びその利用 |
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JP4733520B2 (ja) | 2011-07-27 |
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