WO2004083954A1 - 波長変換器 - Google Patents
波長変換器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004083954A1 WO2004083954A1 PCT/JP2004/003567 JP2004003567W WO2004083954A1 WO 2004083954 A1 WO2004083954 A1 WO 2004083954A1 JP 2004003567 W JP2004003567 W JP 2004003567W WO 2004083954 A1 WO2004083954 A1 WO 2004083954A1
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- Prior art keywords
- wavelength
- light
- optical fiber
- dispersion
- optical
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- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 67
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 57
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 55
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 54
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004038 photonic crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 101100008044 Caenorhabditis elegans cut-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005094 computer simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009022 nonlinear effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02214—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating tailored to obtain the desired dispersion, e.g. dispersion shifted, dispersion flattened
- G02B6/02219—Characterised by the wavelength dispersion properties in the silica low loss window around 1550 nm, i.e. S, C, L and U bands from 1460-1675 nm
- G02B6/02228—Dispersion flattened fibres, i.e. having a low dispersion variation over an extended wavelength range
- G02B6/02238—Low dispersion slope fibres
- G02B6/02242—Low dispersion slope fibres having a dispersion slope <0.06 ps/km/nm2
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02004—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating characterised by the core effective area or mode field radius
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02319—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by core or core-cladding interface features
- G02B6/02333—Core having higher refractive index than cladding, e.g. solid core, effective index guiding
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/028—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with core or cladding having graded refractive index
- G02B6/0281—Graded index region forming part of the central core segment, e.g. alpha profile, triangular, trapezoidal core
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03622—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only
- G02B6/03627—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only arranged - +
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03638—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only
- G02B6/03644—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only arranged - + -
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03661—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 4 layers only
- G02B6/03666—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 4 layers only arranged - + - +
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/353—Frequency conversion, i.e. wherein a light beam is generated with frequency components different from those of the incident light beams
- G02F1/3536—Four-wave interaction
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/365—Non-linear optics in an optical waveguide structure
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wavelength converter for generating converted light of a second wavelength from input light of a first wavelength using a nonlinear optical phenomenon.
- a wavelength converter is an optical device that generates, from input light of a first wavelength, converted light of a second wavelength having the same information as the input light.
- Such wavelength converters are provided at these nodes in an optical communication network in which a large number of nodes are interconnected by an optical fiber transmission network. At that node, the wavelength converter outputs converted light whose wavelength has been converted from the wavelength of the input light that has arrived, as output light.
- the inventors have studied the above-described highly nonlinear fiber, and as a result, have found the following problems.
- the phase matching condition is not satisfied when the wavelength of the pump light departs from the zero-dispersion wavelength of the optical fiber used.
- the optical power of the converted light is reduced. Therefore, with such a wavelength converter, it is difficult to realize variable wavelength conversion that converts input signal light to a desired wavelength with pump light of only one channel.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and can generate high-power converted light even when the difference between the pumping light wavelength and the zero-dispersion wavelength is large. It is an object of the present invention to provide a wavelength converter having a structure to make
- a wavelength converter according to the present invention is a wavelength converter using an optical fiber, wherein the wavelength is converted from input light of a first wavelength by using a nonlinear optical phenomenon. A converted light having a second wavelength different from the wavelength is generated.
- the optical fiber applied to the wavelength converter according to the present invention has a dispersion slope having an absolute value of 0.01 ps / nm 2 / km or less at a wavelength of 150 nm. Is preferred. In this case, even if Detuning, which is the difference between the wavelength of the light input to the optical fiber and the zero-dispersion wavelength of the optical fiber, is large, high-power converted light can be generated.
- the optical fiber applied to the wavelength converter according to the present invention has a dispersion slope having an absolute value of 0.01 ps Znm 2 Zkm or less at the wavelength of the supplied pump light. May be provided. This is because, in a wavelength converter using the pump light, the converted light can be extracted more efficiently by making the dispersion fiber of the optical fiber through which the pump light propagates sufficiently small. In particular, by reducing the dispersion slope of the optical fiber with respect to the pumping light of high optical power, even if the difference between the pumping light and the zero-dispersion wavelength of the optical fiber, Detuning, increases, the high-power converted light Can be generated. [0099]
- the optical fiber applied to the wavelength converter according to the present invention has at least 15 30 nil!
- It may have a chromatic dispersion having an absolute value of 0.2 ps / nmZ km or less in a wavelength range of 11565 nm. This is because the chromatic dispersion of the optical fiber is sufficiently suppressed in the range of the C band, thereby enabling wavelength conversion in a wider band. In addition, within this wavelength range, even if the pumping light wavelength is changed, the change in the optical power of the converted light is small, so that converted light having a wider band and higher optical power is generated.
- the optical fiber applied to the wavelength converter according to the present invention preferably has at least two zero dispersion wavelengths in a wavelength range of 1300 nm to 1700 nm.
- the wavelength converter according to the present invention is characterized in that at least one channel of converted light is converted from the pump light of at least one pump channel and the signal light of at least one signal channel using a nonlinear optical phenomenon. Generate.
- the wavelength converter includes a pump light source having a variable pump channel wavelength and a dispersion throw having an absolute value of 0.01 ps Znni 2 Zkm or less at the wavelength of the pump light supplied from the pump light source.
- an optical fiber having a pump This is because, in the configuration in which the pump light and the signal light are input, the converted light can be generated more efficiently by keeping the dispersion slope at the pump light wavelength small.
- the dispersion aperture of the fiber particularly for pumping light of high optical power even if the detuning, which is the difference between the pumping light and the zero-dispersion wavelength of the optical fiber, increases, the high power It is possible to generate converted light.
- the optical fiber having the above-described structure has a nonlinearity of 8 (1 / W / km) or more and 10 (1 / W / km) or more at a wavelength of 150 nm. It preferably has the constant If the nonlinear constant is above this value, a practical input It is possible to efficiently generate converted light with optical power. Even if the fiber length is reduced to 1 km or less, a sufficiently wide band and high power converted light can be obtained.
- the optical fiber preferably has a transmission loss of 1 dBZ km or less at a wavelength of 1550 nm.
- the transmission loss low, the effective fiber length at which nonlinear optical phenomena occur can be made sufficiently long, and converted light with higher power can be obtained. In other words, the effective length of the optical fiber can be maintained long enough to generate high-power converted light.
- the threshold value of the above-mentioned optical fiber for generating stimulated Brillouin scattering with respect to the input excitation light is 10 dBm or more. If the generation threshold is 10 dBm or more, it is possible to avoid a reduction in the effective fiber length in which nonlinear optical phenomena occur, and the input pump light can be sufficiently distributed to the converted light. is there. That is, if this generation threshold is 10 dBm or more, practically usable high-power converted light is generated.
- the allowable variable width of the wavelength of the converted light output from the optical fiber is 20 nm or more.
- the allowable variable width of the wavelength of the converted light outputted from the optical fiber is preferably 20 nm or more.
- the wavelength converter according to the present invention further includes an optical component for blocking the excitation light propagating in the optical fiber.
- This optical component is arranged on the optical output end side of the optical fiber. With this optical component, it is possible to avoid the effect on the transmission system at the subsequent stage due to the output of the high-power pump light from the optical fiber. it can.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B are a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a highly nonlinear dispersion flat fiber suitable for the wavelength converter according to the present invention, and a refractive index profile thereof.
- FIG. 2 is a table summarizing the specifications of a plurality of samples (No. 1 to No. 7) prototyped as the highly nonlinear dispersion flat fiber shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B are other refractive index profiles of a highly nonlinear dispersion flat fiber suitable for the wavelength converter according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration of an optical fiber sample evaluation system applied to the wavelength converter according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a table summarizing the specifications of a plurality of samples (No. 8, No. 9) and the fibers to be compared which were prototyped as evaluation targets in the evaluation system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the chromatic dispersion characteristics of the optical fiber of Sample No. 8 (highly nonlinear dispersion flat fiber) and the optical fiber of Sample No. 10 (ordinary highly nonlinear fiber).
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing measurement results of FWM optical power.
- Fig. 8 is a graph obtained by computer simulation of the wavelength dependence of the FWM bandwidth while changing the chromatic dispersion value with a fixed dispersion slope based on the optical fiber of Sample No. 9 (highly nonlinear dispersion flat fiber). .
- the simulation results for the optical fiber of sample No. 10 ordinary highly nonlinear fiber are also described. The measured values of sample No. 9 optical fiber are plotted.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between chromatic dispersion and FWM bandwidth.
- FIGS. 10A to 10E are diagrams showing the configuration of the first embodiment of the optical communication system to which the wavelength converter according to the present invention is applied.
- FIGS. 11 to 11 are diagrams showing the configuration of a second embodiment of the optical communication system to which the wavelength converter according to the present invention is applied.
- the same elements will be denoted by the same reference symbols, without redundant description.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B are a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a highly nonlinear dispersion flattened fiber (HNL-DFF) as an optical fiber suitable for the wavelength converter, and a refractive index profile thereof.
- HNL-DFF highly nonlinear dispersion flattened fiber
- an optical fiber 100 is provided on a core region 110 having a refractive index n1 having an outer diameter 2a and extending along a predetermined axis, and an outer periphery of the core region 110.
- a clad region 120 Provided with a clad region 120.
- the cladding region 120 is provided on the outer periphery of the core region 110, and has an outer diameter 2 b and an inner cladding 12 1 having a refractive index n 2 ( ⁇ n 1), and is provided on the outer periphery of the inner cladding 121.
- an outer cladding 122 having a given refractive index n 3 (n 1,> n 2).
- the relative refractive index difference of the core region 110 with respect to the outer cladding 122 is +
- the relative refractive index difference ⁇ — of the inner cladding 122 is given by the following equations.
- FIG. 1 1 is the refractive index profile 150 of the optical fiber 100 shown in FIG. 1 ⁇ .
- the region 151 is the core.
- the refractive index of each part on the line L of the region 110, the region 152 is the refractive index of each part on the line L of the inner cladding 121, and the region 153 is on the line L of the outer cladding 122.
- Such an optical fiber 100 is mainly composed of, for example, silica glass, and Ge 2 is added to the core region 110 and fluorine is added to the inner cladding 121.
- the outer cladding 122 is made of pure silica, and is made of silica glass added with chlorine.
- the optical fiber suitable for the wavelength converter according to the present invention has various refractive index profiles 160 and 170 as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B. Is also good.
- the intermediate cladding is provided between the inner cladding 121 and the outer cladding 122 of the optical fin 100 shown in FIG. 1A.
- the region 16 1 has a refractive index n 1, the refractive index of a core region having an outer diameter 2 a, the region 16 2 is provided on the outer periphery of the core region,
- the refractive index of the inner cladding having an outer diameter of 2 ( ⁇ n 1) and an outer diameter of 2 b, is provided on the outer circumference of the inner cladding, and has a refractive index of n 3 (> n 2, n 1) and an outer diameter of
- the refractive index of the intermediate cladding having c and the region 16 4 represent the refractive index of the outer cladding provided on the outer periphery of the intermediate cladding and having a refractive index n 4 (g n 3> n 2), respectively. I have.
- the refractive index profile 170 shown in FIG. 3B is obtained by combining the inner clad 1 2 1 and the outer clad 1 2 2 of the optical fiber 100 shown in FIG. 1A. Between This is realized by providing two layers of intermediate cladding. That is, in the refractive index profile 170, the region 17 1 is provided with a refractive index n 1 and a refractive index of a core region having an outer diameter 2a, and the region 172 is provided on the outer periphery of the core region.
- the refractive index of the first intermediate cladding having a region 174 is provided on the outer periphery of the first intermediate cladding and has a refractive index n 4 (> n 2, ⁇ n 3) and an outer diameter 2 d.
- the refractive index and region 175 are provided on the outer periphery of the second intermediate cladding and indicate the refractive index of the outer cladding having the refractive index n5 ( ⁇ n3,> n4).
- FIG. 2 is a table summarizing the specifications of a plurality of samples (No. 1 to No. 7) prototyped as the highly nonlinear dispersion flat fibers shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B.
- Each of the optical fibers of Samples No. 1 to No. 7 has the cross-sectional structure and the refractive index profile shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B.
- the relative refractive index difference ⁇ + of the core region with respect to the outer cladding as the reference region is 1.37%
- the relative refractive index difference ⁇ of the inner cladding with respect to the outer cladding is 0.82. %.
- the ⁇ value for determining the profile shape of the core region is 3.0.
- the outer diameter 2a of the core region is 4.890 m
- the optical fiber of this sample No-1 has a transmission loss of 0.48 dBZZ, a chromatic dispersion of 0.063 ps / nm / km, and a characteristic of wavelength of 155 O nm. It has a dispersion slope ps / nm 2 / km. The cutoff wavelength is 989 nm.
- various characteristics at a wavelength of 1550 nm N o. 1 of the optical fiber 1 6. and 4 ⁇ ⁇ 2 of effective area A eff, 1 0. and nonlinear constant of 4 (1 / W / km) , 4. the 6 mu m mode field diameter MFD And a polarization mode dispersion PMD of 0.05 ps ⁇ knT 1/2 .
- the relative refractive index difference ⁇ + of the core region with respect to the outer cladding, which is the reference region, is 1.37%
- the relative refractive index difference ⁇ ⁇ of the inner cladding with respect to the outer cladding is 0.8. 2%.
- the CK value for determining the profile shape of the core area is 3.0.
- the outer diameter 2a of the core region is 4.908 ⁇ m
- the optical fiber of sample No. 2 has a transmission loss of 0.448 dBZ km and a wavelength dispersion of 0.525 ps nm / km as the characteristics at a wavelength of 150 nm. When, having a dispersion slope of 0. 0 0 0 6 p sZnm 2 / km. The cutoff wavelength is 995 nm. Further, as characteristics at a wavelength of 1550 nm, the optical fiber of sample No. 2 has an effective area A eff of 16.5 ⁇ 2 and an effective area of 10.3 (1 / W / km). It has a nonlinear constant ⁇ , a mode field diameter MFD of 4.6 ⁇ m, and a polarization mode dispersion PMD of 0.06 ps' knT 1/2 .
- the relative refractive index difference ⁇ + of the core region with respect to the outer cladding as the reference region is 1.37%
- the relative refractive index difference ⁇ of the inner cladding with respect to the outer cladding is 0.8. 2%.
- the ⁇ value for determining the profile shape of the core region is 3.0.
- the outer diameter 2a of the core region is 4.860 m
- the optical fiber of No. 3 has a transmission loss of 0.47 dB km and a wavelength dispersion of 0.771 psZnm / km as the characteristics at the wavelength of 150 nm. And — 0.004 5 ps nm with a dispersion slope of nm 2 / km.
- the cutoff wavelength is 980 nm.
- the characteristics at the wavelength of 1550 nm The optical fiber of No. 3 has an effective area A eff of 16.3 zm 2 , a nonlinear constant ⁇ of 10.5 (1 / W / km), and a mode field diameter MF of 4.6 / zm. D and 0.0
- the relative refractive index difference ⁇ + of the core region with respect to the outer cladding as the reference region is 1.37%
- the relative refractive index difference ⁇ of the inner cladding with respect to the outer cladding is 0.1. 8 2%.
- the a value for determining the profile shape of the core area is 3.0.
- the outer diameter 2a of the core region is 4.892 m
- the optical fiber of Sample No. 4 has various characteristics at a wavelength of 150 nm, a transmission loss of 0.51 dBBZkm, a chromatic dispersion of 0.097 ps Znm / km, It has a dispersion slope of 0.00 15 ps / nm 2 , km.
- the cut-off wavelength is 987 nm.
- the optical fiber of Sample No. 4 has an effective area A eff of 16.4 m 2 and a nonlinearity of 10.4 (1 / W / km). Constant ⁇ , mode field diameter MFD of 4.6 ⁇ m, and 0.0
- the optical fiber of sample No. 5 has a dispersion management fining fiber whose chromatic dispersion changes along the longitudinal direction from one end (hereinafter referred to as A end) to the other end (hereinafter referred to as B end).
- a end one end
- B end the other end
- DMF Dispersion-Managed Fiber
- the relative refractive index difference ⁇ + of the core region with respect to the outer cladding as the reference region is 1.37%, and the relative refractive index difference ⁇ of the inner cladding with respect to the outer cladding is 0.82%. is there.
- the cd number for determining the profile shape of the core region is 3.0.
- the outer diameter 2a of the core region is 4.888 on the A end side and 5.36 ⁇ m on the B end side.
- the optical fiber of this sample No. 5 has a wavelength of 1 5 5 As the characteristics at 0 nm, transmission loss of 0.55 dBZkm on average and average value of 5.4
- the wavelength dispersion and dispersion scan port at the A-end side-loop is respectively Leh 0. 2 ps / n / km, one 0. 002 ps / n 2 / km der o.
- the wavelength dispersion and dispersion wavelength at the B-end side are 9.0 ps / nmkm and 0.9 ps / nmkm, respectively.
- 026 ps / nm is a 2 / km.
- the cut-off wavelength is 987 nm at the A-end and 1084 nm at the B-end.
- the optical fiber of sample No. 5 has a polarization mode dispersion PMD of an average value of 0.05 ps ⁇ km- 1 / 2 .
- Effective area A eff at the A-end side, 16. a 4 ⁇ 2, the effective area A eff that put in ⁇ end side is 1 7. 4 ⁇ m 2.
- the nonlinear constant ⁇ on the A-end side is 10.
- the mode field diameter MFD at the A end is 4.6 ⁇ m
- the mode field diameter MFD at the B end is 4.8 ⁇ .
- the relative refractive index difference ⁇ + of the core region with respect to the outer cladding, which is the reference region, is 1.30%, and the relative refractive index difference ⁇ of the inner cladding with respect to the outer cladding is 1.75%. is there.
- the threshold value for determining the profile shape of the core region is 2.8.
- the optical fiber of Sample No. 6 has a transmission loss of 0.43 dBZZkm, a chromatic dispersion of 0.31 ps Zn mZZ km, and 0.001 p sZnm has a dispersion slope of 2 / miles.
- the cutoff wavelength is 948 nm.
- the optical fiber of Sample No. 6 is the effective cross-sectional ⁇ A eff of 18. 2.am 2, and ⁇ nonlinear constant of 9. 1 (1 / WZkni), 4. 9 It has a mode field diameter MFD of ⁇ um and a polarization mode dispersion PMD of 0.03 ps' k ⁇ 1/2 . [0 04 9] (Sample No. 7)
- the relative refractive index difference ⁇ + of the core region with respect to the outer cladding, which is the reference region, is 1.30%
- the relative refractive index difference ⁇ of the inner cladding with respect to the outer cladding is 0.75. %.
- the ⁇ value for determining the profile shape of the core region is 2.8.
- the outer diameter 2a of the core region is 5.274 ⁇ m
- the filter 7 has a transmission characteristic of 0.40 dB / km and a wavelength loss of -0.10 ps / nmZ km as the characteristics of the wavelength of 150 nm. With a dispersion slope of 0.001 ps / nm 2 / km. Cut 1, the off wavelength is 944 nm. Further, as characteristics at a wavelength of 1550 nm, the sample No.
- the optical fiber 7 has an effective area A efi of 18.2 urn 2 , a nonlinear constant ⁇ of 9.1 (1 / W / km), a mode field diameter MFD of 4.9 zm, lps'knTHas a polarization mode dispersion PMD of 1/2 .
- the optical filter suitable for the wavelength converter according to the present invention has an absolute value of 2 ps / nmZ km or less as various characteristics at a wavelength of 150 nm. It has chromatic dispersion, a dispersion slope with an absolute value of 0.01 ps / nm 2 Zkm, and a nonlinear constant ⁇ of 8 (1 ZW / km) or more, preferably 10 (1 / W / km) or more. Further, dispersion management fiber, in ⁇ end side, +4 ten 1 5 and the wavelength dispersion of ps / n mZ miles, the absolute value of 0.
- the effective area A eif is 20 ⁇ 2 or less, preferably 17 m 2 or less
- the polarization mode dispersion PMD is 0.3 ps ⁇ km— 1 / 2 or less
- the transmission loss is 1.0 dB preferably less than / km.
- the relative refractive index difference ⁇ + of the reference core region is 1.2% or more and the relative refractive index difference of the inner cladding is 10.6% or less.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the configuration of an optical fiber sample evaluation system applied to the wavelength converter according to the present invention.
- the evaluation system shown in FIG. 4 includes a 2 dB ⁇ 2 output 3 dB optical power plug 50.
- a variable length laser source (TLS: Tunable Laser Source) 10a for supplying a probe light is optically connected to the first input end of the optical power bra 50.
- An Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (30a) and a variable non-linear filter (BPS: Band Pass Filter) 40a are arranged.
- a TLS 10b for supplying the excitation light is optically connected to the second input end of the optical power plug 50, and the optical power plug 50 and the TLS 10b are connected to each other.
- a PC 20b, an EDFA 30a, and a BPS 40a are arranged between them.
- Optical spectrum analyzers (0SA: 70a, 70b) are arranged at the first output terminal and the second output terminal of the optical power blur 50, respectively. Since the evaluation target fiber 60 is disposed between the first output end of the optical power bra 50 and the OSA 70a, the OSA 70a monitors the output of the evaluation target fiber 60. ing.
- Fig. 5 is a table that summarizes multiple samples (No. 8 and No. 9) prototyped as evaluation targets in the evaluation system shown in Fig. 4 and the dimensions of the fibers to be compared. is there.
- the optical fibers of samples No. 8 and No. 9 The HNL-DFF (Highly Nonlinear Dispersion-Flattened Fiber) suitable for the wavelength converter according to the present invention, and the optical fiber of Sampnore No. 10 is a conventional highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF). Fiber), sample No. 11 is the dispersion flat fiber (DFF:
- sample ⁇ .12 is a highly nonlinear dispersion-flattened photonic crystal fiber (HNL-DFPCF) disclosed in Reference 3 above.
- HNL-DFPCF highly nonlinear dispersion-flattened photonic crystal fiber
- the HNL-DFF of sample No. 8 has a length of 100 m, and has various characteristics at a wavelength of 150 nm, a transmission loss of 0.47 dB / km; It has a chromatic dispersion of 42 ps / nm / km, a dispersion slope of 0.0002 psZnmS / km, and a nonlinear constant ⁇ of 10.4 (1 / W / km).
- the HNL-DFF of sample No. 9 has a length of 500 m, and as the characteristics at the wavelength of 550 nm, the transmission loss of 0.62 dB / km and 0.063 It has a chromatic dispersion of p sZnm / km, a dispersion slope of -0.0011 psZnm 2 Zkm, and a nonlinear constant ⁇ of 10.4 (1 / W / km).
- the HNLF of sample No. 10 has a length of 1000 m, and as the characteristics at a wavelength of 150 nm, a transmission loss of 0.56 dB / km and 0.36 ps / nm It has a chromatic dispersion of / km, a dispersion slope of 0.025 ps / nm 2 / km, and a nonlinear constant ⁇ of 20.4 (1 / W / km).
- the DFF of sample N 0.11 has a length of 1 000 m, and as the characteristics at a wavelength of 1550 nm, the transmission loss of 0.22 dB km and 0.32 p sZnm / km chromatic dispersion, 0.036 ps / nm 2 / km dispersion slope, 5.1 (1 / W / km).
- the PCF of sample No. 12 has a length of 500 m, and has various characteristics at a wavelength of 150 nm, a transmission loss of more than 9.9 dBno km, and a chromatic dispersion of 1 psZnm / km. , 0.001 p sZnm 2 Zkni and a non-linear constant ⁇ of 11.2 (1 / W / km).
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the chromatic dispersion characteristics of the sample No. 8 optical fiber (HNL-DFF) and the sample No. 10 optical fiber (conventional HNL F). .
- a graph 610 shows the chromatic dispersion characteristics of HNL-DFF
- a graph G620 shows the chromatic dispersion characteristics of HNLF.
- HNL-DFF has a small dispersion slope over a wider wavelength range, and is capable of efficient wavelength conversion.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the measurement results of the FWM optical power.
- HNL-DFF of Sample No. 9 described above was prepared. Then, with the pumping light wavelength fixed at 1540 nm, the input power of the pumping light and the probe light was set to 16 dBm, and the FWM light power for the probe light wavelength was measured.
- the wavelength band that is 3 dB lower than the peak of the FWM optical power is defined as the FWM bandwidth.
- a bandwidth of 20 ⁇ m can be obtained according to the above-described measurement method (see FIG. 7).
- the result of plotting this FWM bandwidth with respect to different pump light wavelengths is a graph G860 in FIG.
- the wavelength range from 15011 nm to l565 nm is 211111? ⁇ Bandwidth can be secured. This indicates that the detuning of the pump light wavelength is 30 nm or more, and the wavelength band that can be wavelength-converted can be greatly expanded by applying HNL-DFF. It means there is.
- the conversion efficiency is about 1-19 With a fiber length of 50 Om, conversion efficiency higher than that of a conventional dispersion flat fiber is obtained, and a practical value is realized. Therefore, it is preferable that the nonlinear constant 7 is 10 (1 w / km) or more.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the wavelength dependence of the FWM bandwidth when the peak dispersion is shifted while keeping the dispersion slope constant, based on the optical fiber (HNL-DFF) of Sample No. 9. It is a graph simulated.
- graph G8 10 shows the FWM bandwidth with respect to the excitation light wavelength of HNLF (sample No. 10) for comparison, and graph G820 shows the wavelength dispersion of 0.065 ps / nm km (wavelength 1 545 nm).
- graph G83 ⁇ shows HNL with chromatic dispersion of 0 ps / nm / km FWM bandwidth vs. DFF pump light wavelength
- graph G84 Q is 0.065 ps Zn mZkm with chromatic dispersion HNL—FFF bandwidth vs. DFF pump light wavelength
- Daraf G850 +0 The FWM bandwidth of the HNL-DFF with chromatic dispersion of 13 ps Znm / km with respect to the pump light wavelength is shown.
- the graph G860 is a measurement result in which the FWM bandwidth is plotted for different pump light wavelengths, as described above. From this figure, it can be confirmed that the application of the HNL-DFF to the wavelength converter avoids a sharp narrowing of the FWM bandwidth even when the pumping light wavelength is greatly changed. As can be seen from the graph G810, the conventional HN LF needs to adjust the pumping light wavelength to the zero-dispersion wavelength. I do.
- Stimulated Brillouin scattering poses a problem as to whether or not it appears under actual use conditions. Conversely, if the input threshold for signal light or pump light is less than 10 dBm as a condition for actual input, the conversion efficiency will be reduced, so the generation threshold is at least 10 dBm or more. This means that it is necessary to use an optical fiber and an excitation light source to secure the light.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the chromatic dispersion at the excitation wavelength and the FWM bandwidth.
- the absolute value of the chromatic dispersion required for this is less than ⁇ 0.2 psZn mZkm. Therefore, the entire C band (1530 nm to 1565 nm)! : Therefore, to realize variable wavelength conversion, the absolute value of chromatic dispersion must be less than 0.2 ps / nmZkm in the wavelength range of 1530 nm to 1565 nm.
- 10A to 10E are diagrams showing a configuration of a first embodiment of an optical communication system to which the wavelength converter according to the present invention is applied.
- the EDFA 211, the DMF 221 and the transmission line branch line are provided on the transmission line from the optical transmission unit (TX) 201 to the optical reception unit (RX) 202. 231, EDFA21 to guide light from
- the transmission line branch receives the pump light output from the pump light source 204 and the signal light output from the optical transmission means (TX) 203 and sequentially transmitted through the EFDA 216 and the transmission line fiber 224.
- a wavelength converter 200 (a wavelength converter according to the present invention) that newly outputs converted light of a predetermined wavelength to the main line via the optical power blur 231 is provided. The wavelength converter 200 is output from the excitation light source 204.
- An optical power plug 232 is provided to combine the pump light that has been input and passed through the EDF A214 and the variable BPF 261 in order, and the signal light output from the transmission path fiber 224 and passed through the EDFA 215 and the variable BPF 262 in that order.
- HNL-DFF 223 is connected to the output end of the optical power plug 232. Further, a variable BPF 263 and a variable ATT 242 are disposed between the HNL-DFF 223 and the optical power plug 231.
- FIG. 10B is a main signal light component at the output terminal A of the EDFA 211 located on the main line
- FIG. 10C is an output terminal of the EDFA215 located on the branch line.
- FIG. 10D is an additional signal light component at B, and FIG. 10D is a wavelength-converted converted light component at the output terminal C of the variable ATT 242 provided after the wavelength converter 200.
- 0E indicates a combined signal light component at the output terminal D of the EDFA 212 located on the main line, respectively.
- Figs. 11A to 11E are diagrams showing the configuration of a second embodiment of the optical communication system to which the wavelength converter according to the present invention is applied.
- the EDFA 301 and the transmission line buffer are placed on the transmission line along the traveling direction of the signal light in which a plurality of channels are multiplexed.
- An eyepiece 311, an optical power plug 320 for guiding light from a transmission line branch line, an EDFA 302, a transmission line fiber 312, and an EDFA 303 are arranged in this order.
- a wavelength converter 300 is disposed on the transmission line branch line, and another signal light passes through the EDFA 304 and the transmission line fiber 313 and is guided to the wavelength converter 300. Then, the converted light output from the wavelength converter 300 is guided to the main line via the optical power plug 320.
- WDM of the transmission line main line In the case of a flexible network, WDM of the transmission line main line
- the wavelength converter according to the present invention has a wide band as a variable wavelength converter! This is suitable for generating converted light of a desired wavelength, which facilitates construction of an optical communication system.
- FIG. 11B is a WDM signal light at the input terminal A of the EDFA 301 located on the main line
- FIG. 11C is a signal light at the input terminal B of the EDFA 304 located on the branch line
- FIG. D indicates the wavelength-converted converted light at the output terminal C of the wavelength converter 300
- FIG. 11E indicates the WDM signal light at the output terminal D of the EDFA 302 located on the main line.
- the dispersion slope is small with respect to the high-power pump light.
- the difference between the pump light wavelength and the zero dispersion wavelength of the highly nonlinear dispersion flat fiber is obtained.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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US45587803P | 2003-03-20 | 2003-03-20 | |
US60/455,878 | 2003-03-20 | ||
US49334803P | 2003-08-08 | 2003-08-08 | |
US60/493,348 | 2003-08-08 |
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PCT/JP2004/003567 WO2004083954A1 (ja) | 2003-03-20 | 2004-03-17 | 波長変換器 |
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US (1) | US7202994B2 (ja) |
KR (2) | KR100794852B1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004083954A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
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US8102507B2 (en) | 2004-12-30 | 2012-01-24 | Asml Netherlands B.V. | Lithographic apparatus and device manufacturing method |
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US6925236B2 (en) * | 2002-08-30 | 2005-08-02 | Nagoya Industrial Science Research Institute | Broadband optical spectrum generating apparatus and pulsed light generating apparatus |
WO2005015303A1 (ja) * | 2003-08-07 | 2005-02-17 | The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | 非線形光ファイバ及びこの光ファイバを用いた光信号処理装置 |
JP4579710B2 (ja) * | 2004-02-20 | 2010-11-10 | フルカワ エレクトリック ノース アメリカ インコーポレーテッド | 後処理による高非線形ファイバにおける光発生の変更、増強および調整 |
JP3920297B2 (ja) * | 2004-09-01 | 2007-05-30 | 富士通株式会社 | 光スイッチおよび光スイッチを利用した光波形モニタ装置 |
US20060239604A1 (en) * | 2005-03-01 | 2006-10-26 | Opal Laboratories | High Average Power High Efficiency Broadband All-Optical Fiber Wavelength Converter |
JP4887675B2 (ja) * | 2005-07-11 | 2012-02-29 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 光ファイバおよびそれを用いた光デバイス |
US7483614B2 (en) * | 2005-09-07 | 2009-01-27 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Optical fiber and optical device using the same |
JP4492498B2 (ja) * | 2005-09-07 | 2010-06-30 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 光ファイバおよびそれを用いた光デバイス |
JP4460065B2 (ja) * | 2006-02-21 | 2010-05-12 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | 非線形光ファイバおよび非線形光デバイスならびに光信号処理装置 |
US20070258717A1 (en) * | 2006-05-01 | 2007-11-08 | Masaaki Hirano | Optical device and wavelength conversion method and optical fiber suitable for them |
JP5532759B2 (ja) * | 2009-08-31 | 2014-06-25 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 光ファイバ型デバイス |
JP2019095649A (ja) * | 2017-11-24 | 2019-06-20 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 光ファイバおよび光源装置 |
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JP2003177266A (ja) * | 2001-10-04 | 2003-06-27 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | 非線形分散シフト光ファイバおよびこの光ファイバを用いた光信号処理装置ならびに波長変換器 |
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US4852968A (en) | 1986-08-08 | 1989-08-01 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories | Optical fiber comprising a refractive index trench |
US5532868A (en) * | 1994-09-23 | 1996-07-02 | At&T Corp. | Apparatus and method for compensating chromatic dispersion produced in optical phase conjugation or other types of optical signal conversion |
US5619368A (en) * | 1995-05-16 | 1997-04-08 | Massachusetts Inst. Of Technology | Optical frequency shifter |
US5960146A (en) | 1996-07-24 | 1999-09-28 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Optical fiber and light source apparatus |
US6043927A (en) * | 1997-06-26 | 2000-03-28 | University Of Michigan | Modulation instability wavelength converter |
TWI226464B (en) | 2000-11-13 | 2005-01-11 | Sumitomo Electric Industries | Optical fiber, non-linear optical fiber, optical amplifier using the same optical fiber, wavelength converter and optical fiber manufacture method |
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2004
- 2004-03-17 KR KR1020057017190A patent/KR100794852B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-03-17 WO PCT/JP2004/003567 patent/WO2004083954A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
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JP2003177266A (ja) * | 2001-10-04 | 2003-06-27 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | 非線形分散シフト光ファイバおよびこの光ファイバを用いた光信号処理装置ならびに波長変換器 |
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US8102507B2 (en) | 2004-12-30 | 2012-01-24 | Asml Netherlands B.V. | Lithographic apparatus and device manufacturing method |
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US20040234216A1 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
KR100794852B1 (ko) | 2008-01-15 |
US7202994B2 (en) | 2007-04-10 |
KR20050109997A (ko) | 2005-11-22 |
KR20070104476A (ko) | 2007-10-25 |
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