WO2004081209A1 - 植物細胞壁形成を制御する遺伝子群 - Google Patents
植物細胞壁形成を制御する遺伝子群 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004081209A1 WO2004081209A1 PCT/JP2004/002151 JP2004002151W WO2004081209A1 WO 2004081209 A1 WO2004081209 A1 WO 2004081209A1 JP 2004002151 W JP2004002151 W JP 2004002151W WO 2004081209 A1 WO2004081209 A1 WO 2004081209A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/415—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from plants
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- the present invention relates to a gene that controls plant cell wall component biosynthesis and wood fiber cell morphogenesis, and use thereof.
- Oji Paper is aiming for an afforestation area of 200,000 ha by 2010, and is conducting it in a wide area centering on the Pacific Rim, such as Oceania and Southeast Asia. This is nothing less than advancing the recycling of biomass (biomass recycling), which involves the industrial use and regeneration of biomass by conducting large-scale afforestation at the business level.
- the quantity and quality of cell wall components (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin), which are essential, can be varied. If the fiber morphology (elongation of wood fiber cells) can be freely changed, it is expected that the quantity and quality of woody biomass will be increased. It is expected that the use of raw materials as raw materials will expand, and it can be expected to replace fossil raw materials in various fields.
- Non-Patent Document 1 a gene for a glycosyltransferase that is thought to catalyze the binding of [3-1,4] glucan, which is the basic skeleton of cellulose, was reported (for example, Non-Patent Document 2).
- Non-Patent Document 3 microarray analysis of differences in vascular tissue development stages analyzed the genes specific to wood formation, especially the secondary wall synthesis of cell walls. Found (Non-Patent Document 3).
- Patent Document 3 no significant progress has been made in research on the regulation of the overall mechanism of cellulose biosynthesis.
- Patent Document 1 Special Table 2002-510961 [Non-Patent Document 1] GenomeBiol. 2002; 3 (12): REVIEWS1033.
- Non-Patent Document 2 Burn et al. Plant Physiol. 129, 797-807, 2002.
- Non-patent Document 3 J Hertzberg M, Aspeborg H, Schrader J, Andersson A, Erlandsson R, Blomqvist K, Bhalerao R, Uhlen M, Teeri TT, Lundeberg J, Sundberg B, Nilsson P, Sandberg G. A transcriptional roadmap to wood formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci US A. 2001 Dec; 98 (25): 14732 7. Epub 2001 Nov 27.
- Non-Patent Document 4 Szyjanowicz PM, McKinnon I, Taylor NG, Gardiner J, Jarvis MC, Turner SR.
- the irregular xylem 2 mutant is an allele of korrigan tha t affects the secondary cell wall of Arabidopsis thaliana.Plant J. 2004 Mar. ; 37 (5): 730-40.
- Non-Patent Document 5 Nakazono M, Qiu F, Borsuk LA, Schnable PS.Laser-capture microdissection, a tool for the global analysis of gene expression in spe cific plant cell types: identification of genes expressed differentially in epidermal cells or vascular tissues of Maize. Plant Cell. 2003 Mar; 15 (3): 583-96. Erratum in: Plant Cell. 2003 Apr; 15 (4): 1049.
- Non-Patent Document 6 Israelsson M, Eriksson ME, Hertzberg M, Aspeborg H, Nilss on P, Moritz T. Changes in gene expression in the wood-forming tissue of transgenic hybrid aspen with increased secondary growth. Plant ol Biol. 2003 Jul ; 52 (4): 893-903.
- Non-Patent Document 7 Gardiner JC, Taylor NG, Turner SR.Control of cellulose synthase complex localization in developing xylem.Plant Cell.2003 Aug; 15 (8): 1740-8.
- Non-Patent Document 8 Moller R, McDonald AG, Walter C, Harris PJ.Cell differen tiation, secondary cell-wall formation and transformation of ca ⁇ ⁇ us tissue of Pinus radiata D. Don. Planta. 2003 Sep; 217 ( 5): 736-47Epub 2003 Jun 13.
- Joshi CP Xylem-specific and tension stress-responsive ex press ion of cellulose synthase genes from aspen trees.Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2003 Spring; 105-108: 17-25.
- Patent Literature 10 Li L, Zhou Y, Cheng X, Sun J, Marita JM, Ralph J, Chian VL.Combinatorial modification of multiple lignin traits in trees throu gh multigene cotransformation.Proc Natl Acad Sci US A. 2003 Apr 15 ; 100 (8): 4939-44. Epub 2003 Mar 31.
- Non-Patent Document 11 Lorenz WW, Dean JF.SAGE profiling and demonstration of differential gene expression along the axial developmental gradient or ⁇ ignifying xylem in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) .Tree Physiol. 2002 Apr; 22 (5): 301 -Ten.
- Non-Patent Document 1 2 Deraura T, Tashiro G, Horiguchi G, Kishimoto N, Kubo M, Matsuoka N, Minami A, Nagata—Hiwatashi M, Nakamura K, Okamura Y, Sassa N,
- Non-Patent Document 13 Aharoni A, Keizer LC, Van Den Broeck HC, Blanco- Portales s R, Munoz- Blanco J, Bois G, Smit P, De Vos RC, 0 'Connell AP.Novel insig ht into vascular, stress, and auxin-dependent and— independent gene expression programs in strawberry, a non-climacteric fruit. Plant Physio ⁇ . 2002
- Japan is scarce in resources and still depends on fossil resources such as oil and natural gas.
- woody poma The key to that is the recycling of trees as a resource.
- genomic science has begun on genomic science as a national project, with f-pine and deciduous pine and hardwood poplars in the United States, spruce and poplar in Canada, and poplar in Northern Europe.
- genetic engineering-related basic technologies for major crops related to food production are ahead of the US and Europe.
- Japan will be at least as good as other nations as a technological nation, and will be responsible for the production of circulating materials by utilizing woody pyomas on a global scale. The need to identify genes that control formation is very high.
- the present invention provides a gene that controls plant cell wall component biosynthesis and wood fiber cell morphogenesis, a plasmid containing the same, and a plant cell, microorganism, or plant transformed with the plasmid. To provide the body.
- the present inventors have carried out microarray analysis to extract genes that are specifically expressed in the material forming tissue for Yuri. As a result, they were broadly classified into genes with high expression, low genes, and genes with almost no change in expression in Eucalyptus timber compared to normal stems. Genes that are highly expressed or low in the expression of Eururi wood can be used to control cell wall component biosynthesis and wood fiber cell morphogenesis. In particular, genes that are highly expressed in eucalyptus wood are involved in cell wall component biosynthetic oocyte fiber cell morphogenesis, and promote cell wall component biosynthetic oocyte fiber cell morphogenesis. It can be used for
- the gene group for controlling cell wall component biosynthesis and wood fiber cell morphogenesis obtained according to the present invention, and the technology for controlling them comprehensively, are one of the results of using these gene groups.
- Various quantitative and qualitative changes, such as high cellulose, low ligyun, thick or thin cell walls, long or short fiber length, are expected depending on the characteristics of the new genetically modified eucalyptus varieties obtained. .
- the present invention relates to genes that regulate plant cell wall component biosynthesis and wood fiber cell morphogenesis, and uses thereof, and provide the following [1] to [14].
- [7] A promoter DNA of the DNA according to any one of [1] to [5].
- [10] contains the promoter DNA of [7] or the vector of [9].
- the present inventor has found a DNA whose expression increases or decreases in a tissue forming a material to which Yuriri is applied. It is known that cell wall component biosynthesis and oocyte fiber cell morphogenesis are performed in plant wood and wood tissue. (A review of wood is always described in specialized books on wood. However, regarding eucalyptus, a paper by Baba et al. (Mokuzai Gakkaishi 42, 795-798, 1996) describes detailed data on chemical and histological properties). The present invention, based on the above findings, provides a DNA whose expression increases or decreases during cell wall component biosynthesis and wood fiber cell morphogenesis of plants.
- DNA of the present invention whose expression is increased or decreased during plant cell wall component biosynthesis and wood fiber cell morphogenesis can be used for control of plant cell wall component biosynthesis and wood fiber cell morphogenesis.
- DNA whose expression is increased during cell wall component biosynthetic plant fiber cell morphogenesis of plants is involved in plant cell wall component biosynthetic plant fiber cell morphogenesis, It can be used to promote biosynthetic wood fiber cell morphogenesis.
- DNA, whose expression decreases during plant cell wall component biosynthesis and wood fiber cell morphogenesis suppresses genes involved in cell wall component biosynthesis and wood fiber cell morphogenesis basically by some system. By doing so, it is possible that some tissues may be involved in controlling the time-specific expression. Therefore, it is considered that these can be utilized for promoting cell wall component biosynthesis and morphogenesis of wood fiber by artificially reducing them.
- Controlling cell wall component biosynthesis and wood fiber cell morphogenesis in plants has various important implications in the fields of industry and agriculture.
- plant cell wall components The improvement in the production of cellulose and hemicellulose will contribute to the supply of excellent fiber raw materials such as pulp and the like, and the improvement of the efficiency of digestion and absorption of useful agricultural and forage crops. It is.
- the structural change of the polysaccharide, which is a cell wall component can lead to the production of raw material plants having new industrial value.
- modification of the cell morphology is significant in terms of improving the fiber properties of fiber raw materials such as pulp.
- the DNA of the present invention whose expression is increased or decreased during cell wall component biosynthesis and wood fiber cell morphogenesis of the plant, identifies cells and tissues in which cell wall component biosynthesis and wood fiber cell morphogenesis are performed. It can also be used as a specific marker for
- the plant from which the DNA of the present invention is derived is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include useful agricultural crops (including forage crops) such as cereals, vegetables, and fruit trees, fiber raw material plants such as pulp, and ornamental plants such as houseplants.
- useful agricultural crops including forage crops
- ornamental plants such as houseplants.
- the plant such as eucalyptus, mackerel, acacia, poplar, cedar, cypress, bamboo, yew, rice, corn, wheat, barley, rye, potato, tobacco, sugar beet, sugar cane, rapeseed, soybean, Sunflower, ivy, orange, grape, peach, pear, apple, tomato, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, radish, carrot, capochiya, kiuri, melon, parsley, orchid, chrysanthemum, lily, saffron, etc. can be exempl
- Examples of the DNA of the present invention include a DNA that hybridizes under stringent conditions with a DNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 1731.
- DNA that hybridizes under stringent conditions with DNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence of any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 862 is expressed during plant cell wall component biosynthesis and wood fiber cell morphogenesis Is DNA that rises.
- DNA that hybridizes under stringent conditions with DNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 863 to: 1731 during plant cell wall component biosynthesis and wood fiber cell morphogenesis This is DNA whose expression is reduced.
- Stringent hybridization conditions include: 0.1 in lxSSC solution. And a hybridization condition of stringency at 60 ° C. for one hour or the like. Under these conditions, SEQ ID NOS: 1-17
- a DNA that hybridizes with a DNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence described in any of 31 above can be isolated.
- DNA is extracted from a plant, a gene library is constructed, and screening is performed under the same conditions.
- a 60-mer sequence (SEQ ID NOS: 1-173) is used for the extracted DNA. 1) can be used to easily obtain continuous neighboring sequences by using the TAIL-PCR method established by Liu et al. .
- the present invention relates to the following: A protein having 50% or more homology with a protein consisting of an amino acid sequence encoded by a DNA hybridizing under stringent conditions with a DNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence of any one of 1 to 1731 DNA to provide.
- DNA can be isolated by those skilled in the art by generally known methods. For example, hybridization technology (Sou thern, EM., J Mol Biol, 1975, 98, 503.) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology (Saiki, RK. Et al., Science, 1985, 230, 1350 , Saiki, RK. Et al., Science 1988, 239, 487.).
- Isolation of DNA having high homology to DNA that hybridizes under stringent conditions to DNA consisting of the described base sequence can be usually performed by those skilled in the art. In order to isolate such DNA, a hybridization reaction is preferably performed under stringent conditions.
- Stringent hives in the present invention refer to the conditions of 6 M urea, 0.4% SDS, 0.5 X SSC or equivalent stringency hybridization conditions. Under conditions of higher stringency, for example, 6M urea, 0.4% SDS, and IX SSC, it is expected that more homologous DNA can be isolated.
- the DNA isolated in this manner has a high amino acid level at the amino acid level from the DNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 1731 and the amino acid sequence encoded by the DNA hybridizing under stringent conditions. It is considered to have homology.
- High homology refers to at least 50% or more, preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, even more preferably 90% or more, even more preferably 95% or more, and most preferably 98% or more of the entire amino acid sequence. % Or more sequence identity.
- DNAs also include degenerate mutants of DNAs that hybridize under stringent conditions to DNAs consisting of the nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 1731.
- the DNA of the present invention includes an amino acid sequence encoded from a DNA that hybridizes under stringent conditions with a DNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 1731, or Amino acid sequence protein and more than 50% It includes DNA encoding a protein consisting of an amino acid sequence in which one or more amino acids have been substituted, deleted, added, and / or inserted in an amino acid sequence having homology.
- Amino acid alterations in proteins are usually within 50 amino acids of all amino acids, preferably within 30 amino acids, more preferably within 10 amino acids, and even more preferably within 3 amino acids.
- Amino acid modification can be performed using, for example, “Transformer Site-directed Mutagenesis KitJ” or “ExSite PCR-Based Site-directed Mutagenesis Kit” (manufactured by Clontech) for mutation substitution. In the case of deletion, the deletion can be performed using a “Quantum leap Nested Deletion Kit” (manufactured by Clontech).
- the mutation may not be accompanied by mutation of an amino acid in the protein (degenerate mutation), and such a degenerate mutant DNA is also included in the present invention.
- the DNA of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can encode the protein of the present invention, and includes genomic DNA, cDNA, chemically synthesized DNA, and the like.
- the genomic DNA is, for example, a genomic DNA prepared according to the method described in the literature (Rogers and Bendich, Plant Mol. Biol., 1985, 5, 69.) as type III, and the nucleotide sequence of the DNA of the present invention (for example, Prepared by performing PCR (Saiki et al. Science, 1988, 239, 487.) using a primer prepared based on SEQ ID NO: 1 to 1731). Is possible.
- cDNA the mRNA is transcribed from the plant by a conventional method (Maniatis et al.
- Genomic DNA and cDNA can be prepared using standard methods. A library or a cDNA library was prepared, and this library was synthesized based on, for example, the nucleotide sequence of the DNA of the present invention (for example, the nucleotide sequence described in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 1731). It can also be prepared by screening using a probe. The nucleotide sequence of the obtained DNA can be easily determined by using, for example, “Sequencer Model373” (manufactured by Disha).
- the present invention also provides a promoter DNA of the DNA of the present invention.
- promoter DNA include a promoter DNA linked to a gene specifically expressed in the cell wall formation of a plant, particularly a tree, and Z or in the biosynthesis of cellulose obtained by the present invention.
- promoter DNAJ refers to a DNA containing a specific base sequence required to initiate the synthesis (transcription) of mRNA whose DNA is type II, which includes not only naturally occurring DNA but also recombinant DNA. Includes DNA created by artificial modification operations such as
- the promoter of the present invention can be produced and used as follows, for example.
- DNA is extracted and purified from the target eucalyptus plant tissue.
- various methods can be used, and a commercially available kit, for example, an IS0PLANT kit (manufactured by Nippon Gene) or the like can be used.
- oligonucleotides are prepared from any two locations and used as a primer in a PCR method.
- genomic DNA corresponding to the selected Yuri cDNA can be easily produced.
- the upstream DNA of the gene is obtained by PCR using an oligonucleotide primer prepared based on the nucleotide sequence of the gene (Inverse-PCR, anchor PCR, TAIL-PCR (supervised by Isao Shimamoto et al.
- Genomic DNA library is DNA extracted from Yuriri; in addition to various LDNA-derived vectors, cosmid vectors, TAC vectors (Liu et al. (1999), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 96). : P6535) and transformed into Escherichia coli.
- Hybridization technology can be used to screen the genomic DNA library.
- a sequence of a human cDNA that has been successfully isolated by the present inventors can be used.
- the above genomic DNA library is screened to isolate a clone containing a DNA sequence homologous to the gene. Create a restriction enzyme cleavage map, determine the nucleotide sequence, etc., clarify the structure of the cloned DNA, and identify the sequence existing upstream of the gene.
- This upstream sequence contains the TATA box sequence and is preferably at least several hundred bp to several kbp in size. This sequence is cut out with an appropriate restriction enzyme, and subcloned as necessary into another plasmid vector or the like.
- the promoter activity of the above sequence can be analyzed as follows. For example, a vector containing a reporter gene such as ⁇ is used, and subcloning is performed so that the above sequence is ligated upstream of the reporter gene. p
- Escherichia coli ⁇ -dalcuronidase is used as the reporter gene in the BI101 vector.
- This gene product uses 5-bromo-4-chloro-3--Dg lucronic acid (X-glue) as a substrate, decomposes it, and produces indig otin, a blue precipitate. It is possible to monitor at the level.
- X-glue 5-bromo-4-chloro-3--Dg lucronic acid
- 4MUG 4-methyl-umbelliferyl- -D-glucronide
- gene expression can be quantified by fluorescence generated by the action of the gene product.
- a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene in addition to the GUS gene, a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene, a luciferase gene, a green fluorescein protein gene and the like can be used.
- the chimeric gene construct prepared as described above can be introduced into a plant such as Arabidopsis thaliana via an agrobacterium to analyze its function.
- a recombinant plasmid containing a chimeric gene is introduced into, for example, the MP90 strain of Agrobacterium ppmefaciens using the electroporation method, and the resulting transformant is subjected to, for example, Infects Arabidopsis thaliana plants by the Flora Dip method (supervised by Isao Shimamoto et al., “Experimental Protocol for Model Plants” (Plant Cell Science Separate Volume, Plant Cell Engineering Series 4) Shujunsha, April 1996).
- Seeds obtained from the infected plants are sown on a medium containing a drug such as kanamycin based on the vector used to obtain a transformant or substance which has become drug-resistant by gene transfer.
- the expression of the reporter GUS gene is analyzed using the transformation and the object.
- the promoter of the present invention or an expression vector containing the same can be used as follows.
- An expression vector is constructed by inserting a chimeric gene in which a gene of interest, for example, a gene involved in a certain osmotic stress response is linked downstream of the promoter of the present invention, into, for example, a ⁇ vector. This vector is introduced into, for example, a tobacco plant via an agrobacterium.
- the gene of the present invention is expected to be expressed in roots under osmotic stress environment by the action of the promoter of the present invention, and to be able to grow even in salty or arid areas. In this case, since there is no phenomenon of expression in an unnecessary tissue such as the 35S promoter, it is expected that other unfavorable traits will not appear.
- the gene that can be controlled by the promoter of the present invention is not limited to the specific gene described above.
- the function of the promoter of the present invention can be modified by linking another expression control sequence to the promoter of the present invention.
- expression control sequences include enhancer sequences, repressor sequences, insulator sequences, and the like.
- the promoter of the present invention contains, as functional characteristics, several cis element sequences that regulate the expression of genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis in a stem-specific manner. It is.
- a part of the promoter of the present invention can be inserted and linked to another promoter to modify the function of one of the promoters.
- the present invention also provides a DNA for suppressing the expression of a DNA encoding a protein that controls plant cell wall component biosynthesis and wood fiber cell morphogenesis.
- Preferred embodiments of the DNA for suppressing the expression of the endogenous gene include a DNA encoding an antisense RNA complementary to the transcription product of the DNA of the present invention, and a specific cleavage of the transcription product of the DNA of the present invention.
- DNA encoding the protein or the like can be exemplified.
- the “suppression of expression of an endogenous gene” includes suppression of transcription of a gene and suppression of translation into Z or a protein encoded by the gene. It also includes a complete cessation of expression of the gene as well as a
- the action of the antisense nucleic acid to suppress the expression of the target gene has several factors as follows. In other words, inhibition of transcription initiation by triplex formation and formation of a hybrid with the site where an open loop structure was locally formed by RNA polymerase. Inhibition, transcription inhibition by hybrid formation with RNA, which is undergoing synthesis, splicing inhibition by hybridization at the junction of intron and exon, splicing inhibition by hybridization with spliceosome formation site, hybridization with raRNA Inhibits translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, inhibits splicing by forming a hybrid with the capping site or poly (A) addition site, inhibits translation initiation by forming a hybrid with the translation initiation factor binding site, and binds with the ribosome binding site near the start codon Inhibition of translation by hybrid formation, inhibition of peptide chain elongation by hybrid formation with mRNA translation region--polysome binding site, and inhibition of gene expression by hybrid formation with interaction site between nucle
- antisense nucleic acids suppress target gene expression by inhibiting various processes such as transcription, splicing and translation (Hirashima and Inoue, Shinsei Kagaku Kenkyusho 2 Nucleic acid IV gene replication and expression, Japan Biochemical Society, Tokyo Chemical Dojin, 1993, 319-347.)
- the antisense sequence used in the present invention may suppress the expression of the target gene by any of the actions described above.
- designing an antisense sequence complementary to the untranslated region near the 5 'end of the mRNA of a gene is considered to be effective in inhibiting translation of the gene.
- a sequence complementary to the coding region or the 3′-side untranslated region can also be used.
- the DNA containing the antisense sequence of the sequence of the untranslated region as well as the translated region of the gene is also included in the antisense DNA used in the present invention.
- the antisense DNA to be used is ligated downstream of an appropriate promoter, and preferably a sequence containing a transcription termination signal is ligated on the 3 ′ side.
- the DNA thus prepared can be transformed into a desired plant by using a known method.
- the sequence of the antisense DNA is preferably a sequence complementary to the endogenous gene of the transformed plant or a part thereof, but it is not completely complementary as long as gene expression can be effectively suppressed. You may.
- the transcribed RNA has preferably 90% or more, and most preferably 95% or more complementarity to the target gene transcript. You.
- the length of the antisense DNA is at least 15 bases, preferably at least 100 bases, and more preferably at least 500 bases. .
- the length of commonly used antisense DNA is shorter than 5 kb, preferably shorter than 2.5 kb.
- Ribozyme refers to an RNA molecule having catalytic activity. There are various types of ribozymes with various activities. Research focused on ribozymes as enzymes that cleave RNA has made it possible to design ribozymes that cleave RNA in a site-specific manner.
- Some ribozymes have a size of 400 nucleotides or more, such as Ml RNA contained in the double-I intron type RNase P, but the hammerhead type ⁇ the active domain of about 40 nucleotides called the hairpin type Others have the following (Makoto Koizumi and Eiko Otsuka, Protein Nucleic Acid Enzyme, 1990, 35, 2191.).
- the self-cleaving domain of the hammerhead ribozyme cleaves the 3 'side of C15 in the sequence G13U14C15, but its activity requires the formation of base pairs between U14 and A9, and A15 instead of C15
- U15 can also be cleaved
- a ribozyme whose substrate binding site is complementary to the RNA sequence near the target site, it is possible to create a restriction-enzymatic RNA-cleaving ribozyme that recognizes the sequence UC, UU or UA in the target RNA.
- Hairpin ribozymes are also useful for the purpose of the present invention.
- This ribozyme is found, for example, on the minus strand of satellite RNA of tobacco ring spot virus. (Buzayan, JM., Nature, 1986, 323, 349.). It has been shown that target-specific RNA-cleaving ribozymes can also be produced from hairpin ribozymes (Kikuchi, Y. & Sasaki, N., Nucl Acids Res, 1991, 19, 6751., Hiroshi Kikuchi, Chemistry and Biology, 1992, 30, 112.).
- the ribozyme designed to cleave the target is ligated to a promoter such as the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and a transcription termination sequence so that it can be transcribed in plant cells. At this time, if an extra sequence is added to the 5 'end or 3' end of the transcribed RNA, the lipozyme activity may be lost 1%.
- another trimming ribozyme that acts in cis can be placed at the 5 'or 3 side of the lipozyme portion (Taira, K. et al.) , Protein Eng, 1990, 3, 733., Dzianott, AM.
- RNAi RNA interference
- Suppression of endogenous gene expression can also be performed by RNA interference (RNAi) using double-stranded RNA having a sequence identical or similar to the target gene sequence.
- RNAi refers to the phenomenon in which the expression of a foreign gene and a target endogenous gene introduced into a cell is suppressed when a double-stranded RNA having a sequence identical or similar to the target gene sequence is introduced into cells. Point. Although the details of the mechanism of RNAi are not clear, it is thought that the target gene is degraded when the initially introduced double-stranded RNA is broken down into small pieces and serves as an indicator of the target gene in some way. I have.
- R NAi is also known to be effective in plants (Chuang, CF.
- RNAi in order to suppress the expression of DNA that encodes a protein that regulates plant cell wall component biosynthesis and wood fiber cell morphogenesis in a plant by RNAi, the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 to 1731 Any of the base sequences described in any of the above or a double-stranded RNA having a sequence similar thereto may be introduced into a target plant.
- the gene used for RNAi need not be completely identical to the target gene, but at least 70% or more, preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more, and most preferably 95% or more sequence identity. Having.
- the identity of the sequence can be determined by the method described above.
- Co-suppression of endogenous gene expression can also be achieved by co-suppression caused by transformation of DNA having a sequence identical or similar to the target gene sequence.
- ⁇ Co-suppression '' is a phenomenon in which when a gene having the same or similar sequence as the target endogenous gene is introduced into a plant by transformation, the expression of both the introduced foreign gene and the target endogenous gene is suppressed. Point to. Although the details of the mechanism of co-suppression are not clear, it is believed that at least some of the mechanisms overlap with those of RNAi. Co-suppression is also observed in plants (Smyth, DR., Curr Biol, 1997, 7, R793., Martienssen, R., Curr Biol, 1996, 6, 810.).
- the DNA or a DNA having a sequence similar thereto is required.
- the vector may be transformed into a target plant using the vector DNA prepared so as to be able to express E. coli.
- the gene used for co-suppression need not be exactly the same as the target gene, but it should have at least 70% or more, preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more, and most preferably 95% or more sequences. Have identity.
- the sequence identity can be determined by the above-described method.
- the suppression of the expression of the endogenous gene in the present invention is achieved by encoding a protein having a dominant negative trait with respect to the protein encoded by the target gene. This can also be achieved by transforming the gene into a plant.
- a “gene encoding a protein having a dominant negative trait” is a gene having a function of eliminating or reducing the activity of an endogenous wild-type protein inherent in a plant by expressing the gene. Refers to.
- the present invention provides a recombinant vector containing the above DNA.
- the vector of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it contains a promoter sequence that can be transcribed in plant cells and a terminator sequence that includes a polyadduction site necessary for stabilizing the transcript.
- a shuttle vector that can be amplified by both E. coli and Agrobacterium, such as ⁇ (Clontech).
- a plant virus for example, a cauliflower mosaic virus can be used as a vector.
- the vector of the present invention can be obtained, for example, by binding or inserting a promoter DNA of the present invention or a promoter DNA for constitutively or inducibly expressing a desired gene into a predetermined portion of the vector.
- the method for inserting a promoter into a vector follows the method for inserting a normal gene into a vector.
- An expression vector for gene expression can be obtained by operably connecting a desired gene to the promoter of the recombinant vector.
- promoters for constitutive expression include a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (Odell et al., Nature, 1985, 313, 810.) and a rice actin promoter (Zhang et al., Plant Cell, 1991, 3, 1155.) and corn ubiquitin promoter (Cornejo et al., Plant Mol. Biol., 19993, 23, 567.). Promoters for inducible expression are known to be expressed by external factors such as infection or invasion of filamentous fungi, bacteria, and viruses, low temperature, high temperature, drying, irradiation with ultraviolet light, and spraying of specific compounds. Promoters and the like.
- Such promoters include, for example, the rice chitinase gene expressed by infection or invasion of filamentous fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Promoter (Xu et al., Plant Mol. Biol., 1996, 30, 387.) and tobacco PR protein gene promoter (Ohshima et al., Plant Cell, 1990, 2, 9 5.) Rice rii p 19j gene promoter (Aguan et al., Mol.
- Gen Genet., 1993, 240, 1. and the rice hsp80 and hsp72 gene promoters (Van Breusegem et al., Planta, 1994, 193, 57.), a promoter of the Arabidopsis “rabl6” gene induced by drought (Nundy et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1990, 87, 1406). ), A promoter of the chalcone synthase gene of parsley induced by ultraviolet irradiation (Schulze-Lefert et al., EMB0 J., 1989, 8, 651.), a maize corn induced by anaerobic conditions.
- the promoter of the inechinase gene and the promoter of the PR protein gene of tobacco are induced by specific compounds such as salicylic acid, and “rabl6” is induced by spraying the plant hormone abscisic acid.
- the above-mentioned recombinant vector is introduced into cells together with a suitable selectable marker gene or a plasmid vector containing the selectable marker gene.
- selectable marker genes used for this purpose include, for example, the hygromycin phosphotransferase gene, which is resistant to the antibiotic hygromycin, the neomycin phosphotransferase, which is flanked by kanamycin or gentamicin, and the herbicide phosphinothricin.
- acetyltransferase gene There is a certain acetyltransferase gene.
- the present invention also provides a transformed cell into which the vector of the present invention has been introduced.
- the cells into which the vector of the present invention is introduced are no particular restrictions on the cells into which the vector of the present invention is introduced.
- peach Plant cells such as pear, apple, tomato, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, radish, carrot, kabochiya, kiyuri, melon, parsley, orchid, chrysanthemum, lily, saffron, etc. Trees such as cypress, bamboo, and ichi are desirable.
- the plant cells of the present invention include cells in a plant as well as cultured cells. Also includes protoplasts, shoot primordia, multiple shoots and hairy roots.
- Various techniques can be used to introduce the expression vector into host plant cells. These techniques include methods for transforming plant cells with T-DNA using agrobacterium 'tumefaciens or agrobacterium rhizogenes as a transforming factor.
- direct introduction into protoplasts electroporation method in which protoplasts are subjected to electric pulse treatment to introduce DNA into plant cells, fusion method of ribosomes with protoplasts, microinjection method, polyethylene glycol, etc.
- the particle gun method and the like.
- the target gene can be introduced into a plant by using a plant virus as a vector.
- Available plant viruses include, for example, cauliflower mosaic virus. That is, first, the virus genome is inserted into an E. coli-derived vector or the like to prepare a recombinant, and then these target genes are inserted into the virus genome.
- These target genes can be introduced into a plant by excision of the virus genome thus modified from the recombinant with a restriction enzyme and inoculating the plant (Hohn et al. (1982), Molecular). Biology of Plant Tumors (Academic Press New York) pp549, U.S. Pat. No. 4,407,956).
- the method of introducing a vector into a plant cell or plant is not limited to these, but includes other possibilities.
- a simple plasmid such as a pUC derivative can be used.
- Gene of interest Depending on the method by which the DNA is introduced into the plant cells, other DNA sequences may be required. For example, when using a Ti or Ri plasmid for transformation of plant cells, the sequence at least on the right end of the T-DNA region of Ti However, it must be connected so that it is adjacent to the gene to be introduced.
- Agrobacterium is used for transformation, the gene to be introduced must be cloned into a special plasmid, ie, an intermediate vector or a binary vector. Intermediate vectors are not replicated in Agrobacterium.
- the intermediate vector is transferred into Agrobacterium by a helper plasmid or electroporation. Since the intermediate vector has a region homologous to the sequence of T-DNA, it is incorporated into the Ti or Ri plasmid of Agrobacterium by homologous recombination. Agrobacterium used as a host must contain the vir region. Usually, Ti or Ri plasmids contain a vir region, which allows T-DNA to be transferred to plant cells.
- a binary vector can be replicated and maintained in Agrobacterium, so that when it is incorporated into Agrobacterium by a plasmid or electroporation, the vir region of the host By the action, the DNA on the binary vector can be transferred to the plant cells.
- the intermediate vector or the binary vector thus obtained, and microorganisms containing the intermediate vector or the binary vector, such as Escherichia coli bacterium, are also an object of the present invention.
- the present invention also provides a transformed plant regenerated from the above transformed plant cell, a transformed m3 ⁇ 4 object that is a progeny or a clone of the transformed object, and a propagation material of the transformed plant.
- Such a transformed plant is a useful transformed body with altered cell wall components and cell morphogenesis.
- the modification of the cell wall component in the present invention is not particularly limited, and various modifications such as high cellulose, low rigoon, thick or thin cell wall, long fiber length, and short fiber length are available. And qualitative changes. Examples of the modification of cell morphology include, but are not limited to, changes in cell elongation and changes in cell size (quantitative change in volume).
- the transformed m3 ⁇ 4 body in the present invention is useful as a plant having new value, for example, an increase in plant growth due to an increase in cell wall synthesis, a change in fiber cell morphology, and an increase in useful components of agricultural crops. It is also useful as a plant with new value by developing new materials by controlling cell wall synthesis, increasing the digestion and absorption efficiency of forage crops, and changing fiber cell morphology.
- the “transformed plant” is a plant having the above-mentioned transformed plant cell, and includes, for example, a transformed object regenerated from the above-mentioned transformed cell.
- the method of regenerating an individual from transformed plant cells differs depending on the type of plant cells. For example, in rice, the method of Fujimura et al. (Fujiraura et al., Plant Tissue Culture Lett., 2, 74, 1995), and in corn, The method of Shillito et al. (Shillito et al., Bio / Technology, 7, 581, 1989), the method of potato, the method of Visser et al. (Visser et al., Theor. Appl.
- the present invention has a gene that is specifically expressed in the formation of a cell wall of a plant, particularly a tree and / or specifically in the biosynthesis of cellulose, or a homolog thereof, or a promoter region linked to these genes.
- An expression vector is introduced into a host cell to obtain a transformed cell, a transformed plant is regenerated from the transformed cell, and the resulting transformed plant is obtained from the plant seed. Includes the process of producing plants.
- Transformation The process of obtaining plant seeds from an object includes, for example, transformation, rooting the object It refers to the process of harvesting from a medium, transplanting it into a pot filled with water-containing soil, growing it at a constant temperature, forming flowers, and finally forming seeds.
- the step of producing a plant from seeds includes, for example, transformation; when the seeds formed on the object have matured, they are isolated, sown on watery soil, and grown under a constant temperature and illuminance. This refers to the process of producing a plant.
- the presence of the introduced foreign DNA or nucleic acid in the transformed plant should be confirmed by the known PCR method or Southern hybridization method, or by analyzing the nucleotide sequence of the nucleic acid in the plant. Can be.
- extraction of DNA or nucleic acid from the transformed m3 ⁇ 4 body can be carried out according to the known method of J. Sambrook et al. (Molecular Cloning, 2nd edition, Cold Spring Harbor laboratory Press, 1989).
- an amplification reaction is performed using the nucleic acid extracted from the regenerated plant as described above as a type III.
- the amplification reaction can also be carried out in a reaction mixture obtained by using, as a primer, a synthesized oligonucleotide having a base sequence appropriately selected according to the base sequence of the DNA of the present invention.
- DNA denaturation, annealing, and extension reactions are repeated several tens of times to obtain an amplification product of a DNA fragment containing the DNA sequence of the present invention.
- the reaction solution containing the amplification product is subjected to, for example, agarose electrophoresis, various amplified DNA fragments are fractionated, and it is possible to confirm that the DNA fragments correspond to the DNA of the present invention. .
- progeny can be obtained from the plant by sexual or asexual reproduction.
- a propagation material eg, seeds, fruits, cuttings, tubers, tubers, strains, calli, protoplasts, etc.
- idanishi resources are used in large quantities as raw materials and fuel (energy) in industrial production.
- energy energy
- burning woody biomass directly is a routine practice in developing countries, but it is necessary to convert it into a more accessible form (alcohol: ethyl alcohol). It is thought that effective response is possible.
- ethanol is produced by alcoholic fermentation from molasses derived from sugarcane juice in Brazil and other countries, and is used as automobile fuel.In the United States and the EU, the starch of sweet potato corn is hydrolyzed once.
- glucose is obtained from the obtained lignocellulose as a raw material by an acid hydrolysis or enzymatic decomposition (cellulase) step, and then ethanol is fermented by alcohol fermentation. It can be produced in large quantities, and the basic technology of such a process has already been established. Furthermore, technology for producing biodegradable plastic (polylactic acid) from glucose as a raw material has already been established, and practical use on an industrial production scale is progressing using starches such as potatoes. In the future, however, it is expected that biomass derived from trees will become the mainstream in the future, replacing cereals as food.
- lignin Although it is necessary to overcome technical issues in practical application in the future, applications such as plastics and adhesives are expected.
- lignin is chemically decomposed in the pulp manufacturing process of the paper industry and contained in waste liquor (called black liquor). After extracting necessary chemicals from the waste liquor, In other words, it already depends on woody biomass for part of the fuel.
- FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the expression intensity of the main gene group in the material for Yururi.
- the two types of mRNAs extracted from the Yuri-Ryori material and the normal material were labeled with two types of fluorescent dyes (cy3 and cy5), respectively, and used as probes in oligo microarray analysis and hybridization.
- the image obtained by scanning the fluorescence intensity is Analyzed using Kuchi-Zetta's analysis software (Luminator Ver. 1.0), all the repeated experiments were integrated with a statistical reliability of 99.9%, and the main gene groups in the materials used for Yururi Represents the relative intensity of expression.
- + (red) indicates that the expression was significantly increased
- + (green) indicates that the expression was significantly reduced
- + (blue) indicates that the expression was not changed.
- the eucalyptus tissues to be extracted include the stem hypertrophic growth area (secondary wall thickening zone; tissues rich in cambium), leaves and roots, genes from various situations, such as slope stimulation, stress application by salt solution exposure, etc. Expression is assumed.
- the basic extraction method is the method described by Hiono et al. (Japanese Patent Application No. 6-219187). In the following, as an example, a method for extracting RNA using a root of Yurikari as a material by hydroponics will be described in detail.
- the solvent extraction of the ground sample was repeated using a methanol solution containing dithiothreitol (1 mg / ml) until no color was observed in the supernatant (about three times). After completion of the extraction, the sample was freeze-dried. The lyophilized sample was mixed with 25 ml of a pH 9 CHES buffer (20 mg of dithiothreitol, lOraM vanadyl liponucleoside compound solution was added just before use) and incubated at 65 ° C for 30 minutes. After completion of the incubation, a 5 M sodium chloride solution and a 10% CTAB solution were added to the sample solution.
- a pH 9 CHES buffer (20 mg of dithiothreitol, lOraM vanadyl liponucleoside compound solution was added just before use
- the concentration of sodium chloride in the sample solution after the addition was 1.4 M, and the concentration of CTAB was 1% (w / v).
- RNA Isolation Systemlll & IV kit (Cat. # Z5300 & Z5310, manufactured by Promega USA) was used. As a result, from 610 g of total RNA, 1.3 g was obtained from the stress-treated sample, and 1.8 g of mRNA was obtained from the control sample.
- a clone was randomly selected from the Eucalyptus phagemid cDNA library derived from each tissue, the plasmid was purified, and after enzymatic reaction using Amersham's Dye Terminator-Sequence Kit, the salt was purified using the company's large-scale high-speed sequencer. Acquisition of base sequence data was performed.
- Table 1 shows the final size of the database.
- Example 2 Extraction of a gene that is specifically expressed in a timber-forming wood-forming tissue (1) Preparation of Eucalyptus trunk-specific oligo microarray
- the eucalyptus oligo microarray prepared in this way contains 8,400 oligo DNAs, and can cover most of the genes that are expressed in the stem of the Eucalyptus tree.
- Cellulose biosynthesis which is a major component of the cell wall composition, is known to cause tissue formation in which the cellulose content in the cell wall increases approximately twice by external gradient stimulation, especially in hardwoods.
- genomics analysis By performing the above-mentioned genomics analysis on various tissues, a series of responsibilities that are particularly responsible for cellulose biosynthesis during cell wall formation It is possible to catch a gene as a whole.
- microarray analysis using EST data, it is also possible to capture the expression differences of each constituent gene.
- the above-mentioned specific phenomena caused by the external gradient stimulus have long been known as pulling materials.
- the hardwood lumber is a special secondary xylem that is formed when the trunk senses a change in the direction of gravity when subjected to an external gradient stimulus.
- the cell wall component increases cellulose and decreases lignin and hemicellulose.
- the distribution density of the conduit is reduced to half that of the normal material, and the microfibril inclination in the cell wall shifts almost parallel to the cell major axis direction. Further, the fiber length was increased by about 20%.
- Clone lines as materials. At this time, a normal planting material was used. As for the lumber, a peculiar tissue is formed in the upper part of the trunk by artificially pulling and tilting the straight growing trunk to about 45 degrees.
- the mRNA was purified using the PolyATract rnRNA Isolation System manufactured by Promega, from the total concealment obtained from the normal individual and the addressing material.
- the two types of mRA thus obtained were labeled with two types of fluorescent dyes (cy3 and cy5), respectively, and used as probes in oligo microarray analysis to perform hybridization (FIG. 1). Including signs The method of hybridization was based on the analysis protocol presented by Agilent Technologies.
- genes that are highly expressed in eucalyptus wood are considered to be involved in cell wall component biosynthesis and wood fiber cell morphogenesis. Specifically, it is thought to be directly involved in the expression of characteristics such as high cellulose and low lignin, which are characteristic of the wood.
- the use of the DNA of the present invention artificially controls woody biomass production in trees, and in particular, varies the quantity and quality of cell wall components (cellulose 'hemicellulose. Lignin), which is essential.
- the morphology (elongation of wood fiber cells) can be freely changed. In other words, it is anticipated that the quantity of woody biomass will increase and the qualitative improvements will be made. As a result, the future use of energy and utilization as industrial raw materials is expected to expand. Can be expected to be replaced by
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US10/546,725 US20060282916A1 (en) | 2003-02-24 | 2004-02-24 | Genes controlling plant cell wall formation |
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US8396872B2 (en) | 2010-05-14 | 2013-03-12 | National Research Council Of Canada | Order-preserving clustering data analysis system and method |
CN111454955B (zh) * | 2020-04-27 | 2023-05-12 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | 源于尾叶桉CAD基因序列的RNAi片段及其应用 |
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JPH0880191A (ja) * | 1994-09-13 | 1996-03-26 | New Oji Paper Co Ltd | 木本性植物からの核酸抽出方法 |
WO1998000549A1 (en) * | 1996-06-27 | 1998-01-08 | The Australian National University | MANIPULATION OF CELLULOSE AND/OR β-1,4-GLUCAN |
WO2000071670A2 (en) * | 1999-05-21 | 2000-11-30 | Board Of Control Of Michigan Technological University | Method for enhancing cellulose and modifying lignin biosynthesis in plants |
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CA2366479A1 (en) * | 1999-03-11 | 2000-09-14 | Genesis Research And Development Corporation Ltd. | Compositions and methods for the modification of gene transcription |
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JPH0880191A (ja) * | 1994-09-13 | 1996-03-26 | New Oji Paper Co Ltd | 木本性植物からの核酸抽出方法 |
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WO2006109420A1 (ja) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-19 | Oji Paper Co., Ltd. | 植物の材質と種の検査方法 |
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