WO2004079383A1 - Appareil et procedes pour charger des elements de batterie - Google Patents

Appareil et procedes pour charger des elements de batterie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004079383A1
WO2004079383A1 PCT/EP2004/001343 EP2004001343W WO2004079383A1 WO 2004079383 A1 WO2004079383 A1 WO 2004079383A1 EP 2004001343 W EP2004001343 W EP 2004001343W WO 2004079383 A1 WO2004079383 A1 WO 2004079383A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
charging
value
charge
recited
measurement
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2004/001343
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jan-Olof Svensson
Christian L'estrade
Mats Wolf
Sarandis Kalogeropoulos
Original Assignee
Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from EP03445030A external-priority patent/EP1455194B1/fr
Application filed by Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications Ab filed Critical Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications Ab
Publication of WO2004079383A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004079383A1/fr
Priority to KR1020057016248A priority Critical patent/KR101078146B1/ko

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3828—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC using current integration
    • G01R31/3832—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC using current integration without measurement of battery voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
    • H02J7/00716—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current in response to integrated charge or discharge current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus and method for charging battery cells.
  • the invention is applicable for charging lithium ion or lithium polymer battery cells, which are suitable to use as power supply in portable electronic apparatuses.
  • Lithium-based battery cells have started finding application as the batteries demonstrating higher performance than e.g. the nickel metal-hydride batteries.
  • Lithium-based secondary battery cells have a high energy density, and have therefore widely become used in order to increase the battery usable or operable time.
  • Lithium-based battery cells have been found useful in portable electronic devices, such as mobile phones, laptop computers and personal digital assistants PDAs.
  • An example of such a lithium-based battery cell is a lithium-ion cell, and another lithium-based battery type having an even higher energy density is the lithium-polymer cell.
  • Lithium-based battery cells are unforgiving to overcharge.
  • An overcharged lead acid battery will electrolyse some easily replaced water, and sealed nickel- cadmium or metal-hydride batteries have voltages which stop rising at full charge, but the voltage of the lithium ion and lithium polymer battery cell continues to rise even while being overcharged.
  • the voltage of a lithium ion battery cell rises quite distinctly at the end of charge.
  • One characterising feature with the lithium-based cells is that these battery cells will not stand such overcharging, and consequently overcharging must be avoided. Overcharging can be visualised as depleting too many of the lithium ions off of the positive electrode. Upon overcharging performance degradation occurs.
  • Constant Current Constant Voltage CCCV A way of overcoming the risk for overcharging, with resulting damage to the battery cell, has been to use a two-step charging process known as Constant Current Constant Voltage CCCV.
  • the constant voltage CV of a lithium cell is 4.2 V.
  • the battery cell is first charged with a constant current until the voltage in the cell reaches 4.2 V. Once this level has been reached, a charging control system regulates the charging of the cell at 4.2 V in the subsequent step, and proceeds with the charging until the charging current has dropped to a predetermined current value. Once the predetermined current level has been detected or a given time limit has been reached, the cell is assumed to be fully charged.
  • lithium-based battery cells are not only sensitive to overcharging, they are sensitive to high voltage storing and charging as such. This means that the longer the battery is on high voltage the more it will deteriorate in cycle life.
  • One attempt to overcome this problem has been to simply lower the CV to e.g. 4.1 V.
  • the capacity of the battery cell will inevitably decrease, due to the lower charging voltage.
  • a problem with the charging according to the CCCV method is that the current decreases exponentially during the CV phase, wherein the current decreases at a slower rate the closer it gets to the predetermined value. This means that the battery cell will be held at a high voltage during a prolonged time, during which damage may be caused to the cell.
  • an apparatus for charging a battery cell comprising current control means for delivering a charging current until a predetermined charging voltage value is reached, a charging status detector devised to sense a charging parameter value, and charging control means arranged to terminate charging dependent on a predetermined charging criteria related to said charging parameter, wherein said charging criteria is a charge level value.
  • said charging control means comprises a charging control device for establishing a charge measurement value, and a charging terminator devised to terminate charging dependent on said charge measurement value and said charge level value.
  • said charging parameter value includes a measurement of charging time provided by a time measuring unit.
  • a charging current measuring unit of the apparatus is devised to provide a measurement of charging current, wherein said charging control device is arranged to establish a charge measurement value by calculation using said measurement of charging time and said measurement of charging current.
  • said charging control device is arranged to integrate said measurement of charging current over charging time, as provided by said time measuring unit.
  • the apparatus further includes a consumption current measuring unit, devised to provide a measurement of consumption current, wherein said charging control device is arranged to establish a charge measurement value by calculation using a measurement of consumption time, provided by said time measuring unit, and said measurement of consumption current.
  • a consumption current measuring unit devised to provide a measurement of consumption current
  • said charging control device is arranged to establish a charge measurement value by calculation using a measurement of consumption time, provided by said time measuring unit, and said measurement of consumption current.
  • said charging control device is arranged to integrate said measurement of consumption current over consumption time, as provided by said time measuring unit.
  • said charging control device is connected to a charging status logging means, and devised to store an established charge measurement value in said charging status logging means.
  • said charging control device is arranged to establish an actual charge value by combining a stored charge measurement value, and a charge measurement value dependent on an integrated current over time, during which time the charge in the battery cell has changed from said stored charge measurement value.
  • said charging control device is arranged to control said charging terminator to terminate charging when said actual charge value has reached said charge level value.
  • said charging control device is arranged to detect a cutoff measurement value of the charging current, measured by said charging current measuring unit, when said charge measurement value has reached said charge level value.
  • the control device further comprises means for comparing said cutoff measurement value with a predetermined cutoff value, wherein said charging control device is arranged to decrease said charge level value dependent on said comparison.
  • said charging control device is arranged to decrease said charge level value if said cutoff measurement value is lower than said predetermined cutoff value.
  • the control device is in one embodiment arranged to decrease said charge level value by a predetermined charge value " , and in another embodiment by a predetermined percentage thereof.
  • said charging control device is arranged to detect a cutoff measurement value of the charging current, measured by said charging current measuring unit, when said charge measurement value has reached said charge level value.
  • the control device further comprises means for comparing said cutoff measurement value with a predetermined cutoff value, wherein said charging control device is arranged to switch to an auxiliary charging scheme dependent on said comparison.
  • Said auxiliary charging scheme is in one embodiment targeted to terminate charging when said charging current reaches said predetermined cutoff value. In another embodiment said auxiliary charging scheme is targeted to terminate charging after a preset charging time has lapsed.
  • the apparatus may be included in a portable electronic apparatus, to which said battery cell is attachable.
  • the apparatus may be connected to said battery cell, wherein said device and said battery cell are included in a battery package casing.
  • said apparatus is included in a battery cell charger, attachable to said battery cell.
  • said apparatus is adapted for controlling charging of lithium-based battery cells.
  • said apparatus is adapted for controlling charging of lithium polymer battery cells or lithium ion battery cells.
  • a method for charging a battery cell comprising the steps of:
  • said method further comprises the steps of:
  • said method further comprises the steps of:
  • said method comprises the steps of:
  • said method comprises the steps of:
  • said method comprises the steps of:
  • said method comprises the steps of:
  • said method comprises the steps of:
  • said method comprises the step of:
  • said method comprises the steps of:
  • said method comprises the steps of: - monitoring said actual charge value; and - terminating charging when said actual charge value has reached said charge level value.
  • said method comprises the step of:
  • said method comprises the steps of:
  • the method comprises the step of:
  • the method comprises the step of:
  • the method comprises the step of:
  • said method comprises the steps of: - detecting a cutoff measurement value of the charging current, measured by said charging current measuring unit, when said charge measurement value has reached said charge level value;
  • the method comprises the step of:
  • said method comprises the steps of:
  • said method is used for controlling charging of lithium-based battery cells.
  • said method apparatus is used for controlling charging of lithium polymer battery cells or lithium ion battery cells.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a diagram showing measured discharge capacity for a battery cell charged according to a first embodiment of the invention, and a corresponding measurement of a battery cell charged according to a prior art procedure
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a diagram showing measured discharge capacity for a battery cell charged according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the present description refers to battery cells for use with electronic equipment, such as communication or data processing terminals.
  • One type of communication terminal for which the invention is suitable is portable radio communication terminals, such as mobile phones.
  • the invention is applicable to many types of electronic devices, particularly portable electronic devices, such as pagers, communicators, electronic organisers, smartphones, PDA:s (Personal Digital Assistants), laptop computers, and so on.
  • portable electronic devices such as pagers, communicators, electronic organisers, smartphones, PDA:s (Personal Digital Assistants), laptop computers, and so on.
  • the term comprising or comprises, when used in this description and in the appended claims to indicate included features, elements or steps, is in no way to be interpreted as excluding the presence of other features elements or steps than those expressly stated.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention.
  • the apparatus for controlling charging of a battery cell may be implemented in an electronic device, such as a mobile phone.
  • the apparatus is contained in a casing carrying the battery.
  • Another alternative is to implement the apparatus in a charger, which is connectable to a power supply, such as a mains outlet.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a battery cell 4, which can be Li-Ion or Li polymer, having two poles.
  • the battery cell 4 is connectable to the apparatus for charging the battery cell 4.
  • a power supply 8 is depicted, which may be a battery cell charger connectable to an electronic device carrying the apparatus and the battery cell 4. Power supply 8 consequently supplies the apparatus for charging the battery cell 4 with electrical energy.
  • a charging terminator 5 is included in the form of a switch 5, which can be set to an open state for breaking the charging connection to the battery cell 4.
  • a voltage measuring or monitoring device 3 senses the voltage over the battery cell 4.
  • a current control means 2 is connected to at least one of the battery pole connections.
  • a first charging phase is performed with a constant current, which is controlled by said control means 2.
  • voltage monitoring device 3 senses the voltage over the battery cell 4, which voltage will rise as the charging proceeds.
  • a predetermined charging voltage level value which for the example of a lithium polymer or Li-Ion battery cell may be 4.2 V
  • this voltage is sensed by voltage monitoring device 3 and reported to the current control unit 2, as is indicated by the arrow connecting the two elements in the drawing.
  • the current-controlled constant voltage part of the charging is targeted for the total charge of the battery cell.
  • the charging proceeds until it is determined that a predetermined charge level has been reached.
  • a charging control device 1 which detects and measures the current passing to the battery cell 4.
  • the current control unit 2 also acts as a charging current measuring unit, devised to provide a measurement of charging current.
  • this measurement of charging current may be obtained by a separate unit.
  • the charging control device 1 is connected to a time measuring unit 6.
  • the charging control device 1 calculates the charge delivered to the battery cell 4 during charging, by integrating the measured charging current over the charging time. This way, a charge measurement value is obtained, relating to the amount of charge delivered to the battery cell 4.
  • the charging control device detects that the total charge in the battery cell 4 has reached said predetermined charge level, it triggers the charging terminator 5 to stop feeding current to the battery cell 4.
  • the electronic device carrying the apparatus of the invention When the electronic device carrying the apparatus of the invention is used as intended, e.g. for calling in the case of a mobile phone, power will be drained from the battery cell 4 by the electronics 9 of the electronic device. Also in this operative mode, the current taken from the battery cell 4 is measured by a consumption current measuring unit.
  • the current control unit 2 also acts as a consumption current measuring unit, devised to provide a measurement of consumed current from the battery cell 4. However, in an alternative embodiment this measurement of consumption current may be obtained by a separate unit.
  • the charging control device 1 integrates the detected consumed current over the consumption time, as detected by a time measuring unit 6, in this embodiment the same as used for the charging time.
  • the integrated charge measurement value is e.g.
  • a charging status logging means 7 including a memory for storing data on measured charge, is com ected to the charging control device 1. Any change in the charge of the battery cell 4 is detected by the current measuring unit 2, and calculated by the charging control device 1. The present or actual charge value of the battery cell 4 is stored in the charging status logging means 7. When the battery cell is charged, the charge of the battery cell 4 increases by the measured charge value, which is then added to the actual charge value in the charging status logging means 7.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a diagram over a total of 400 charging cycles for a 720 mAh lithium polymer battery cell, when charged according to a first embodiment of the invention, and when charged according to the prior art CCCV procedure.
  • the vertical axis indicates the possible discharge capacity of the respective battery cell, i.e. the amount of charge that can be withdrawn from the battery after charging.
  • the vertical axis indicates the charging current when the charging is terminated, the so called cutoff current.
  • the dashed line 21 indicates the discharge capacity, in mAh, for a battery cell charged according to the prior art, where a constant cutoff current of 50 niA has been used in every cycle.
  • the cutoff current for the prior art case is not included in the drawing, but would obviously be represented by a horizontal line at 50 mA. It should be noted that the cutoff current should not be confused with the constant current during the CC phase of the charging. The cutoff current does not represent a constant current, but a current value obtained at the end of the CV phase.
  • the discharge capacity in the early cycles clearly exceeds the stated capacity of 720 mAh.
  • the high charging adds to the ageing effect on the battery cell, and after only about 30 cycles the discharge capacity has fallen to a level under the 720 mAh level. It is also evident that the discharge capacity will decrease constantly through every cycle.
  • the charging is targeted by the discharge capacity, and therefore the discharge capacity will always be the same after each cycle, in this case 720 mAh.
  • This is illustrated by the fully drawn line 22, indicating a measurement on a battery cell charged in accordance with this first embodiment of the invention.
  • a benefit with the invention according to this first embodiment is consequently that the user will always know how much capacity he or she will have after a completed charging.
  • the dotted line 23 indicates the measured cutoff current for the battery cell charged by the inventive procedure. As can be seen, it is far from constant. In fact, it will drop as the battery ages, since a longer charging time is needed to reach the targeted capacity.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a second embodiment of the invention in a diagram similar to that of Fig. 2, although the prior art discharge capacity curve is not shown.
  • the dotted curve 32 in Fig. 3 represents a measured value of the cutoff current in a prototype device according to the invention, i.e. the value of the charging current when the target discharge capacity, or charge level value 33, has been reached.
  • the charge time needed to reach the target discharge capacity increases.
  • the longer a lithium-based battery cell is subjected to a high voltage the greater the risk for cycle life deterioration.
  • the second embodiment of the invention defines a constant voltage charging phase which is separated into two or more subphases, in the illustrated embodiment into two subphases.
  • An auxiliary charging parameter has been added here compared to the embodiment of Fig. 2, namely the cutoff current.
  • the cutoff current is monitored by the current measuring unit 2, and as long as the cutoff current is larger than a predetermined cutoff value, the charging procedure is executed in same manner as in the process of Fig. 2. This is represented in Fig. 3 by subphase 30.
  • a cutoff current of down to 20 - 30 mA may be employed without seriously damaging a Lithium-based cell, but due to measurement accuracy and other factors a cutoff current value of 40 - 50 mA is suitably used as the predetermined cutoff value, i.e. the lowest allowable cutoff current, this is also indicated in the drawing by the end value of the dotted cutoff current curve 32 in subphase 30, by an arrow at 34.
  • the current measuring device 2 may be responsible for both measuring the actual cutoff current and comparing it to the predetermined cutoff value, and to report to the charging control device 1 when the cutoff value has been reached. Alternatively, the measured cutoff current is signalled to the charging control device 1 where the comparison is performed.
  • charging control device 1 decreases the target charge level value 33 by a predetermined step. This marks the start of a second subphase 31 of the constant voltage charging.
  • the charging status logging means 7 is used as a memory for storing the target discharge capacity or charge level value 33.
  • charging control device 1 executes the decrease of the target discharge capacity value 33 by modifying the stored value in charging status logging means 7.
  • the decrease is executed by reducing the target discharge capacity value by a predetermined charge value, which may be 5 - 100 mAh, or more specifically 20 - 70 mAh, e.g. 50 mAh.
  • the target discharge capacity value is reduced a certain percentage of its existing value, such as 1 - 20 %, or more specifically 2 - 10 %, e.g. 5 %.
  • the fully drawn line 33 represents the target discharge capacity, which should be read at the left side vertical axis, dependent on number of discharge cycles.
  • a predetermined cutoff value of about 45 mA was reached after approximately 350 discharge cycles, indicated in the drawing by reference numeral 34.
  • the target discharge capacity value was then reduced by 5 % from 720 mAh to 684 mAh.
  • the cutoff current 32 measured in the subsequent cycle was automatically increased by approximately 45 mA.
  • the cutoff current will of course continue to decrease with every cycle, due to the ageing of the battery cell. This can also be clearly seen in Fig. 3. Needless to say, the levels given in Fig. 3 are merely exemplary.
  • the second subphase 31 will proceed in the same manner as the first subphase 30, meaning that if the cutoff current 32 once again falls below a predetermined cutoff value, a new decrease in the target discharge capacity value 33 is executed.
  • the predetermined cutoff value and the target discharge capacity value reduction, for the second subphase 32 may be the same as for subphase 31, or different. Obviously, this process may be repeated for any desired number of subphases, until the end of the cycle life has been reached. This may e.g. be defined as a given percentage, e.g. 80 %, of the original discharge capacity value.
  • a benefit with this second embodiment of the invention is that the cycle life characteristics may be improved even further compared to the first embodiment.
  • the discharge capacity will be slightly lower once the target discharge capacity value is reduced, but the cycle life will be extended.
  • the charge time will also be decreased when the target discharge capacity value is reduced, which may be desirable to the user.
  • the second subphase is not started by a reduction in the target discharge capacity value.
  • the charging in the second subphase is controlled by a traditional timer-based charging or a cutoff-based charging. This means that there will not be a sudden drop in the target discharge capacity value, but then again the charging controlled by e.g. a predetermined cutoff value in the second subphase will in most cases not result in the same extension of the cycle life as in the procedure suggested by Fig. 3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil destiné à charger un élément de batterie (4), ledit dispositif comprenant des moyens (2) de régulation de courant utilisés pour distribuer un courant de charge, jusqu'à ce qu'une valeur de tension de charge prédéterminée soit atteinte. Ledit dispositif comprend également un détecteur (2, 6) d'état de charge servant à détecter une valeur de paramètre de charge, et des moyens (1, 5) de régulation de charge conçus pour terminer la charge en fonction de critères de charge prédéterminés concernant ledit paramètre de charge. Les critères de charge correspondent à une valeur de niveau de charge, lesdits moyens de régulation de charge comprenant un dispositif (1) de régulation de charge destiné à établir une valeur de mesure de charge, par coordination de ladite mesure de courant de charge avec le temps de charge, et un terminateur de charge (5) permettant de terminer la charge en fonction de ladite valeur de mesure de charge et de la valeur de niveau de charge.
PCT/EP2004/001343 2003-03-03 2004-02-13 Appareil et procedes pour charger des elements de batterie WO2004079383A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020057016248A KR101078146B1 (ko) 2003-03-03 2005-09-01 배터리 셀을 충전하는 장치 및 방법

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03445030A EP1455194B1 (fr) 2003-03-03 2003-03-03 Dispositif et procédé pour charger des éléments de batterie
EP03445030.4 2003-03-03
US45198203P 2003-03-05 2003-03-05
US60/451,982 2003-03-05

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WO2004079383A1 true WO2004079383A1 (fr) 2004-09-16

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Cited By (1)

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WO2013126742A1 (fr) * 2012-02-23 2013-08-29 Cymbet Corporation Commande et procédé de charge de pile à couches minces

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KR101377317B1 (ko) * 2007-01-25 2014-03-26 엘지전자 주식회사 단말 기기의 전원 제어 장치와 단말기기의 종료상태표시방법 및 구동방법 그리고 이들을 포함한 단말기기의전원 제어방법
DE102014200096A1 (de) * 2014-01-08 2015-07-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Batteriemanagementsystem zum Überwachen und Regeln des Betriebs einer Batterie und Batteriesystem mit einem solchen Batteriemanagementsystem

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US3895284A (en) * 1973-07-04 1975-07-15 Vdo Schindling Apparatus for determining the state of charge of storage batteries
US4225815A (en) * 1977-02-17 1980-09-30 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson Method and apparatus for the charging and supervision of a battery
US6107802A (en) * 1992-07-08 2000-08-22 Matthews; Wallace Edward Battery pack with monitoring function utilizing association with a battery charging system
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