WO2004077697A1 - 無線通信システム - Google Patents
無線通信システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004077697A1 WO2004077697A1 PCT/JP2003/002328 JP0302328W WO2004077697A1 WO 2004077697 A1 WO2004077697 A1 WO 2004077697A1 JP 0302328 W JP0302328 W JP 0302328W WO 2004077697 A1 WO2004077697 A1 WO 2004077697A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- access point
- frequency
- terminal station
- local oscillation
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
- H04B10/2575—Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier
- H04B10/25752—Optical arrangements for wireless networks
- H04B10/25753—Distribution optical network, e.g. between a base station and a plurality of remote units
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
- H04W16/24—Cell structures
- H04W16/32—Hierarchical cell structures
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wireless communication system, and can be applied to, for example, a high-speed wireless communication system using a Millimeter wave band such as the 60 GHz band.
- a Millimeter wave band such as the 60 GHz band.
- References 1 and 2 propose a Millimeter-wave self-heterodyne transmission scheme that realizes low-cost and highly stable communication in the Millimeter-wave band. Its effectiveness has been demonstrated in applications for mobile communications.
- Millimeter wave band has a considerably high frequency
- Millimeter band oscillators with stable oscillation frequencies are still expensive, and low-cost, small Millimeter wave oscillators are used as frequency conversion units.
- frequency offset ⁇ phase noise When applied to, the problem of frequency offset ⁇ phase noise also arises.
- the wavelength of the Millimeter wave band is short, the Doppler shift due to the movement of the mobile station is liable to be affected, and how to eliminate the influence of Doppler shift is an issue.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a wireless communication system that realizes a network configuration and an access point configuration that can appropriately transmit a transmission signal to a receiving station.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a wireless communication system in which a mobile station can receive a transmission signal stably irrespective of the accuracy or Doppler shift of a local oscillator. Disclosure of the invention
- a wireless communication system includes a terminal station, a center station device for forming a baseband signal to the terminal station, and a distribution signal from the center station device provided through a cable network.
- a plurality of access point devices that radiate radio waves with frequencies equal to or higher than the millimeter band to terminal stations, with the coverage area partially overlapping and forming a service area with all the coverage areas It is characterized by having.
- the service area is composed of multiple access point devices, the service area can be extended even if frequencies higher than the millimeter band are applied to wireless communication. Can be wider.
- each access point device has a configuration in which a transmission signal body in the radio frequency band and a local oscillation signal in the radio frequency are simultaneously transmitted based on the given distribution signal.
- the terminal station can obtain a demodulated signal in which the frequency offset and phase fluctuation of the local oscillation signal are eliminated. Further, even if there is a shift due to relative movement between the access point device and the terminal station, the shift in the demodulated signal can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of the wireless communication system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a transmission configuration of the access point device.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a part of the reception configuration of the mobile terminal.
- FIG. 4 is a spectrum diagram showing frequency characteristics of each part of the wireless communication system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of the wireless communication system according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a spectrum diagram for explaining a method of assigning a radio frequency to an access point device according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an overall configuration of a wireless communication system 1 according to the first embodiment.
- a wireless communication system 1 includes a center station device 2, a plurality of access point devices 3 — (k ⁇ 1), 3 — k, 3 — (k + 1), one And one or more mobile terminals 4 (only one is shown in FIG. 1).
- the center station device 2 and the plurality of access point devices 3 — (k ⁇ 1), 31 k, 3 — (k + 1),... are connected by an optical fiber network 5.
- a light bra is provided at a branch point of the optical fiber network 5.
- a plurality of access point devices 3 — (k-1), 3 — k, 3 — (k + l),... are deployed on a plane so that their cover areas (cells) overlap, and are appropriately arranged. Have been. Also, in order to reduce the number of branch points of the optical fiber 5, a plurality of access point devices are appropriately provided for one optical fiber portion downstream from a certain branch point (the one farther from the central station 2). They may be cascaded.
- All the access point devices 3 — (k-l), 3 — k, 3-(k + l), ... connected to one optical fiber network 5 are the same as the center station device 2.
- the mobile terminal 4 has one service area for the mobile terminal 4 as a whole in a plurality of coverage areas.
- the combination of the center station device 2, the plurality of access point devices 3— (k-1), 3—k, 3— (k + 1),..., And the optical fiber network 5 constitutes a mobile telephone system. It corresponds to one base station.
- the center station device 2 includes a BB (baseband processing) ′ access control circuit 10, an intermediate frequency modem 11, and the like.
- the access control circuit 10 performs a transmission process and a reception process for a baseband signal of a channel and a signaling channel, and an access control process with the mobile terminal 4.
- the BB access control circuit 10 supplies a baseband signal to the intermediate frequency modulator / demodulator 11 at the time of transmission, and fetches a baseband signal from the intermediate frequency modulator / demodulator 11 at the time of reception. To process.
- the intermediate frequency modulator / demodulator 11 modulates a baseband signal into an intermediate frequency signal during transmission, and demodulates the intermediate frequency signal into a baseband signal during reception.
- the modulation / demodulation method to be applied is arbitrary, but, for example, an 8-phase PSK modulation method can be applied.
- the intermediate frequency modulator / demodulator 11 converts the modulated intermediate frequency signal (transmitted signal) into an electric-optical signal and transmits it to the optical fiber 5, and an optical Z-optical converter and a signal transmitted from the optical fiber 5.
- An optical-to-electrical converter that performs optical-to-electrical conversion of an intermediate frequency signal composed of the converted optical signal is included.
- the intermediate frequency is 400 MHz.
- Signals are exchanged between the center station device 2 and the plurality of access point devices 3— (k—1), 3—k, 3— (k + 1),... by radio frequency (RF). Performing this is a modification of the first embodiment.
- Rope 5 Although interposed, an electrical cable network may be used.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a part of the reception configuration of mobile terminal 4.
- the access point device 3 includes, as transmission configurations, an optical power blur 20, an optical Z-electric converter 21, a mixer (multiplier) 22, and a local oscillator 23. , A non-pass filter 24, a combiner 25, a power amplifier 26, and a transmission antenna 27.
- the optical power blur 20 splits the intermediate frequency signal, which is an optical signal transmitted from the center station device 2, which arrives via the optical fiber 5 into two, and takes it into its own access point device 3 (dropper). And send it to the downstream side. It should be noted that an optical amplifier may be provided at the stage for transmitting to the downstream side. Further, in the access point device 3 located at the end of the optical fiber network 5, the optical power blur 20 may be omitted.
- the optical / electrical converter 21 converts an intermediate frequency signal, which is an optical signal dropped by the optical power blur 20, into an electric signal and supplies the electric signal to the mixer 22.
- the mixer 22 functions together with the local oscillator 23 as an upconverter.
- the local oscillator 23 oscillates a local oscillation signal having a millimeter band radio frequency f 0, and the mixer 22 includes an intermediate frequency signal from the optical / electrical converter 21 and a local oscillation signal. And up-convert the transmission signal to the radio frequency band.
- the band-pass filter 24 detects the transmission signal output from the mixer 22. It removes essential components.
- the combiner 25 receives not only the output signal (main part of the transmission signal in the radio frequency band) from the bandpass filter 24 but also the local oscillation signal from the local oscillator 23. 25 combines these two signals. For example, when an intermediate frequency signal having a frequency characteristic shown in FIG. 4 (A) (center frequency is intermediate frequency fIF) is given to the access point device 3, the output signal from the synthesizer 25 As shown in the spectrum diagram of Fig. 4 (B), the local oscillation signal (local oscillation frequency f0) and the transmission signal body in the radio frequency band (center frequency is f0 + fIF) .
- the power amplifier 26 power-amplifies the output signal from the combiner 25 and radiates a radio wave from the transmission antenna 27 to the cover area of the access point device 3.
- the mobile terminal 4 includes a reception antenna 30, a preamplifier 31, a bandpass filter 32, a squarer 33, and a bandpass filter as a reception processing configuration in a radio frequency band. It has 3 4.
- the receiving antenna 30 captures the radio wave radiated by any of the access point devices 3 and converts it into an electric signal.
- the obtained received signal is supplied to the preamplifier 31 and the preamplifier 3 1 pre-amplifies the received signal and supplies it to a bandpass filter 32.
- the band pass filter 32 removes unnecessary frequency components mixed in the radio line, extracts only the band including the local oscillation signal and the transmission signal in the radio frequency band, and supplies it to the squarer 33.
- the squaring device 33 squares the output signal from the band-pass filter 32 and supplies the squared output signal to the band-pass filter 34.
- the band pass filter 34 extracts only an intermediate frequency band signal (intermediate frequency signal) from the output signal of the squarer 33 and supplies the extracted signal to a subsequent circuit. You. Due to the square processing of the squarer 33, each frequency component of the output signal from the band-pass filter 32 (see FIG. 4 (B)) is added to the output signal of the squarer 33. Although the frequency components that have been subtracted are included, they are passed through the band-pass filter 34 to produce an intermediate frequency signal (center frequency is intermediate) as shown in Fig. 4 (C). It is possible to extract only the frequency (IF).
- IF intermediate frequency
- the subsequent circuit Since the output signal from the band pass filter 34 is an intermediate frequency signal, the subsequent circuit performs demodulation processing to a baseband signal.
- the self-heterodyne transmission system in which the local oscillation signal is synthesized (superimposed) on the transmission signal and transmitted is applied.
- the same self-heterodyne transmission method as in the downward direction is applied to the upward communication from the mobile terminal 4 to the access point device 3.
- the frequency of the local oscillation signal in the up direction should be different from the frequency f 0 of the local oscillation signal in the down direction, and the bands of the up-converted transmission signal and local oscillation signal should be completely separated. Is preferred.
- a duplexer may be provided to separate the transmitting system and the receiving system.
- ⁇ Are assigned the same radio frequency f 0 in the millimeter wave band, and each access point device 3 — (k-1), 3 — k, 3 — (k + l) ,...
- Each have a local oscillator 23 oscillating at its frequency f 0.
- the technology of the local oscillator 23 that can stably oscillate the local oscillation signal in the millimeter wave band has not yet been sufficiently established, and the access point devices 3 — (k — 1), 3 —
- a frequency offset may occur between the local oscillators 23 of k, 3 — (k + l),..., and phase noise due to changes in the operating environment (for example, temperature) is also local. It may be different between the oscillators 23.
- the local oscillation signal L (t) can be expressed by equation (1). It can.
- the intermediate frequency signal is ⁇ IF in angular velocity
- the up-converted transmission signal body S (t) can be expressed by equation (2).
- the difference component includes only the intermediate frequency signal component (angular velocity OIF) and the frequency offset. It can be seen that the error components ⁇ (t) such as noise and phase noise are cancelled.
- the original intermediate frequency signal sin ( ⁇ IFXt) can be extracted. This is because even if the frequency offset and phase noise differ depending on the access point device 3 (k-1), 3--k, 3-(k + 1), ... This indicates that the intermediate frequency sin can be demodulated without being affected.
- the maximum Doppler frequency generally has its wavelength and the moving speed! Then, it is represented by ⁇ ⁇ .
- the maximum Dots puller frequency f D R to the transmission signal main body S (t) is represented by the maximum Dots blanking error frequency I DL for local oscillation signal L (t), through the Roh emissions Dopasufi filter 3 4
- the subsequent maximum Doppler frequency is expressed by equation (4).
- ⁇ R, ⁇ L, and ⁇ IF represent the wavelengths of the transmission signal body, the local oscillation signal, and the intermediate frequency signal, respectively.
- the maximum Doppler frequency received by a radio frequency in the 60 GHz band when the maximum relative speed is 100 km of magnetic flux is about 5.6 KHz, but in this method, the maximum Doppler frequency is 400 MHz.
- the maximum Doppler frequency received by the transmitted signal itself can be reduced to 37 Hz at most.
- the entire coverage area of a plurality of access point devices can be communicated as a service area, and individual communication is performed for wireless communication using the millimeter wave band.
- the service area can be expanded even if the access point device has a small cover area.
- the self-heterodyne transmission method since the self-heterodyne transmission method is applied, the maximum Doppler frequency in the demodulated signal can be reduced as compared with that received in the radio frequency band. .
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an overall configuration of a wireless communication system 1A according to the second embodiment.
- the wireless communication system 1A according to the second embodiment is substantially the same as the wireless communication system 1 according to the first embodiment, except that the access point devices 3 — (k-1), 3 — k, 3 — The radio frequency of the transmission system assigned to (k + l),... Is different from that of the first embodiment.
- each access point device 3 — (k — 1), 3 is set so that radio waves of the same frequency do not reach the mobile terminal 4 at the boundary.
- FIG. 5 shows a two-dimensional arrangement of the access point devices 3.
- Each of the access point devices 3 — (k ⁇ 1 1) is arranged so that the frequencies f 1 and f 2 alternate in a certain direction and a direction orthogonal thereto. ), 3 — k, 3 — (k + l),.
- the internal configuration of the access point device 3 is the same as that of the first embodiment (see FIG. 2), but oscillates a local oscillation signal of the local oscillation frequency to which the local oscillator 23 is assigned. This is different from the first embodiment.
- the configuration of the mobile terminal 4 is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the upward radio frequency is changed from the downlink radio frequency in the same manner as in the first embodiment, and the uplink radio frequency may be one type.
- the same radio frequency is not assigned to each access point device 3 — (k-1), 3 — k, 3 — (k + 1),..., because the boundary of the cover area This is to improve the receiving accuracy in the unit.
- the peat component may enter the band of the demodulated intermediate frequency signal depending on the assignment.
- the beat component to be considered is a local oscillation signal used by a different access point device because a self-heterodyne method is used for a radio signal in which a local oscillation signal is superimposed on the transmission signal body. Between the local oscillation signal used by different access point devices and the transmission signal body, and between the transmission signal bodies from different access point devices. It is.
- FIG. 6 (A) and (B) are drawings for explaining such a beat component.
- An access point device to which the frequency f1 is assigned as a radio frequency (local oscillation frequency) (for example, the access point device 3— (k + 1) in FIG. 5) has that frequency. Transmit the local oscillation signal and the transmission signal body with a modulation bandwidth B centered on the frequency fi + fi F (however, ⁇ ! F is the intermediate frequency). Note that the modulation bandwidth B is naturally equal to the modulation bandwidth of the intermediate frequency signal.
- the radio frequency (local oscillation frequency)
- the frequency f 2 (where f 2 > fi) is assigned to the access point device (for example, the access point device 3 — k in FIG. 5), the local oscillation signal having that frequency, and the frequency f 2 + f IF
- the transmission signal body having the modulation bandwidth B is transmitted.
- the squarer 33 When the mobile terminal 4 captures and squares the radio waves from the two access point devices (3— (k + 1) and 3 ⁇ k), the squarer 33 generates the sixth signal. An output signal as shown in Fig. (B) is obtained. Intermediate frequency signals appear in the same band, but the peat component also appears in various bands. Here, if the band of the beat component does not overlap with the band of the intermediate frequency signal as shown in FIG. 6 (B), the bandpass filter 34 extracts only the intermediate frequency signal. Can be. On the other hand, if the band of the beat component overlaps with the band of the intermediate frequency signal, the band pass filter 34 cannot extract only the intermediate frequency signal.
- the center frequency and bandwidth of the various types of beat components described above can also be calculated, and from the calculation results, the bandwidth of the beat component can be calculated as shown in Fig. 6 (B).
- the bandwidth of the beat component can be calculated as shown in Fig. 6 (B).
- a different radio frequency (local oscillation frequency) is set to each access point device 3 so as to satisfy the expression (5).
- -(K-1), 3-k, 3-(k + l), ... can improve the reception performance at the boundary.
- a frequency may be assigned to each access point device.
- the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained.
- the radio frequency is assigned to each access point device B in consideration of communication with the mobile terminal at the boundary of the cover area. Communication at the boundary of the area can also be improved.
- the local oscillation signal and the transmission signal main body are superimposed and wirelessly communicated, but the local oscillation signal and the transmission signal main body are communicated via radio waves having separate polarization planes. You may do it.
- the access point device 3 performs the up-conversion to the radio frequency, but the transmitting and receiving station device 2 also performs the up-conversion to the radio frequency.
- the access point device 3 may simply perform wireless transmission.
- the multiple access method in the case where a plurality of mobile terminals are present in the service area is not mentioned, but the multiple access method is arbitrary, and the CDMA (code division multiple access) method is used. And TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) method can be applied.
- CDMA code division multiple access
- TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
- the terminal station is a mobile terminal, but the present invention can be applied to a fixed terminal.
- the case of two-way communication has been described, but the present invention can be applied to a system of one-way communication to a terminal station.
- the radio frequency band is the millimeter wave band
- the present invention can be applied to a frequency band higher than the millimeter wave band.
- the wireless communication system according to the present invention is useful when applied to a video multiplex transmission system, a wireless LAN, a wireless home link, a wireless road-to-vehicle communication system, and is particularly suitable when the terminal station is a mobile terminal.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Transceivers (AREA)
- Superheterodyne Receivers (AREA)
- Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004568763A JP4324675B2 (ja) | 2003-02-28 | 2003-02-28 | 無線通信システム |
PCT/JP2003/002328 WO2004077697A1 (ja) | 2003-02-28 | 2003-02-28 | 無線通信システム |
KR1020057015214A KR100954263B1 (ko) | 2003-02-28 | 2003-02-28 | 무선 통신 시스템 |
CN03826017.4A CN100544235C (zh) | 2003-02-28 | 2003-02-28 | 无线通信系统 |
EP03707176A EP1603254A4 (en) | 2003-02-28 | 2003-02-28 | RADIO COMMUNICATION SYSTEM |
US10/545,297 US7280824B2 (en) | 2003-02-28 | 2003-02-28 | Wireless communication system |
CA2516430A CA2516430C (en) | 2003-02-28 | 2003-02-28 | Wireless communication system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2003/002328 WO2004077697A1 (ja) | 2003-02-28 | 2003-02-28 | 無線通信システム |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2004077697A1 true WO2004077697A1 (ja) | 2004-09-10 |
Family
ID=32923118
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2003/002328 WO2004077697A1 (ja) | 2003-02-28 | 2003-02-28 | 無線通信システム |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7280824B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1603254A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4324675B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100954263B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100544235C (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2516430C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004077697A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
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JP2006166371A (ja) * | 2004-12-10 | 2006-06-22 | National Institute Of Information & Communication Technology | マルチセル無線通信システム及び通信方法 |
JP2007134817A (ja) * | 2005-11-08 | 2007-05-31 | Maspro Denkoh Corp | ホームネットワークシステム |
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US7933572B1 (en) * | 2005-09-26 | 2011-04-26 | Sprint Spectrum L.P. | Method and system for communicating between a remote antenna system and a cellular base station via a cable television network |
US8942647B2 (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2015-01-27 | Broadcom Corporation | Method and system for antenna switching for 60 GHz distributed communication |
US8942645B2 (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2015-01-27 | Broadcom Corporation | Method and system for communication via subbands in a 60 GHZ distributed communication system |
US9008593B2 (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2015-04-14 | Broadcom Corporation | Method and system for 60 GHz distributed communication |
US9002300B2 (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2015-04-07 | Broadcom Corporation | Method and system for time division duplexing (TDD) in a 60 GHZ distributed communication system |
US8977219B2 (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2015-03-10 | Broadcom Corporation | Method and system for mitigating leakage of a 60 GHz transmitted signal back into an RF input of a 60 GHz device |
CN101465695B (zh) * | 2009-01-12 | 2011-04-20 | 北京交通大学 | 基于双锯齿波扫频的光纤毫米波通信装置 |
US8509850B2 (en) | 2010-06-14 | 2013-08-13 | Adc Telecommunications, Inc. | Systems and methods for distributed antenna system reverse path summation using signal-to-noise ratio optimization |
TW201246816A (en) * | 2010-12-08 | 2012-11-16 | Broadcom Corp | RF module control interface |
EP2670210B1 (en) * | 2012-06-01 | 2014-09-17 | Ntt Docomo, Inc. | System for implementing a radio over fiber transmission in a passive optical network |
US9750082B2 (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2017-08-29 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Systems and methods for noise floor optimization in distributed antenna system with direct digital interface to base station |
WO2016127028A1 (en) | 2015-02-05 | 2016-08-11 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Systems and methods for emulating uplink diversity signals |
CN108668289B (zh) * | 2018-05-07 | 2020-07-24 | 北京科技大学 | 一种移动通信网络待优化区域边界的提取方法 |
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- 2003-02-28 JP JP2004568763A patent/JP4324675B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-28 WO PCT/JP2003/002328 patent/WO2004077697A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2003-02-28 KR KR1020057015214A patent/KR100954263B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-02-28 CA CA2516430A patent/CA2516430C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-02-28 EP EP03707176A patent/EP1603254A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-02-28 CN CN03826017.4A patent/CN100544235C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-02-28 US US10/545,297 patent/US7280824B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006166371A (ja) * | 2004-12-10 | 2006-06-22 | National Institute Of Information & Communication Technology | マルチセル無線通信システム及び通信方法 |
JP4528930B2 (ja) * | 2004-12-10 | 2010-08-25 | 独立行政法人情報通信研究機構 | マルチセル無線通信システム及び通信方法 |
JP2007134817A (ja) * | 2005-11-08 | 2007-05-31 | Maspro Denkoh Corp | ホームネットワークシステム |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2516430C (en) | 2011-11-22 |
CN100544235C (zh) | 2009-09-23 |
US20060253872A1 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
US7280824B2 (en) | 2007-10-09 |
EP1603254A4 (en) | 2008-04-02 |
EP1603254A1 (en) | 2005-12-07 |
KR100954263B1 (ko) | 2010-04-23 |
JP4324675B2 (ja) | 2009-09-02 |
JPWO2004077697A1 (ja) | 2006-06-08 |
CA2516430A1 (en) | 2004-09-10 |
KR20050103229A (ko) | 2005-10-27 |
CN1745522A (zh) | 2006-03-08 |
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