Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
  • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
  • G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
  • G02B27/0994—Fibers, light pipes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
  • H04N5/74—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
  • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
  • G02B27/0927—Systems for changing the beam intensity distribution, e.g. Gaussian to top-hat
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
  • G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
  • G02B27/283—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
  • H04N5/74—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor
  • H04N5/7416—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor involving the use of a spatial light modulator, e.g. a light valve, controlled by a video signal
  • H04N5/7441—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor involving the use of a spatial light modulator, e.g. a light valve, controlled by a video signal the modulator being an array of liquid crystal cells
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
  • H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
  • H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
  • H04N9/3141—Constructional details thereof
  • H04N9/315—Modulator illumination systems
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
  • G02B5/04—Prisms

Definitions

• Projection displays work by projecting light onto a screen.
• the light is arranged in patterns of colors or brightness and darkness or both.
• the patterns are viewed by a viewer who assimilates them by associating the patterns with images with which the viewer may already be familiar, such as characters or faces.
• the patterns may be formed in various ways. One way to form patterns is by modulating a beam of light with a stream of information.
• Polarized light may be provided to an imaging system with an array of lenses, such as a fly's eye lens, and an array of polarizing beam splitters.
• a parabolic reflector may be used with a fly's-eye lens to focus light such that the light is nearly parallel. The beam is split into many sections by the lens array and each section is refocused by another lens array into the polarizing beam splitter array.
• a parabolic reflector may reduce the brightness of a source of light, such as an arc.
• the efficiency of a fly's-eye lens recovery system depends critically on the alignment of the two lens arrays and the polarizing beam splitter array.
• a polarization recovery system comprised of a parabolic reflector and a fly's-eye lens may not be suited for sequential color single imager systems.
• a method of polarization recovery may include polarizing substantially light into light of a useful polarization and light of a non- useful polarization, transmitting the useful polarization light in an output direction, reflecting the non-useful polarization light in a first orthogonal direction substantially orthogonal to the output direction, reflecting the non-useful polarization light in a second orthogonal direction substantially orthogonal to the output direction and the first orthogonal direction, and reflecting the non-useful polarization light in the output direction.
• a system of polarization recovery may include means for polarizing substantially light into light of a useful polarization and light of a non-useful polarization, means for transmitting the useful light in an output direction, means for reflecting the non-useful light in a first orthogonal direction substantially orthogonal to the output direction, means for reflecting the non-useful light in a second orthogonal direction substantially orthogonal to the output direction and the first orthogonal direction, and means for reflecting the non-useful light in the output direction.
• FIG. 1 shows a polarization recovery system
• Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a polarization recovery system according to an embodiment of the invention
• Fig. 4 shows a polarization recovery apparatus for use with an embodiment of the invention
• Fig. 5 shows a polarization recovery apparatus for use with an embodiment of the invention
• Fig. 6 shows straight and tapered light pipes for use with an embodiment of the invention
• Polarization recovery system 200 may include a polarizing beam splitter 202, such as a multi-layer coated or a wire-grid polarizing beam splitter.
• light input to polarizing beam splitter 202 may come directly or indirectly from a source 212 of electro-magnetic radiation, La. light.
• source 212 of electro-magnetic radiation may be an arc lamp, such as a xenon lamp, a metal halide lamp, a high intensity discharge (HID) lamp, or a mercury lamp.
• source 212 may be a halogen lamp or a filament lamp.
• polarization recovery system 200 may include an input light pipe 224, a supercube 268, and an output light pipe 232, as shown in Figs. 2 and 5.
• output light pipe 232 may be an homogenizer or an integrator.
• the output of input light pipe 224 may be coupled into the prism arrangement, e supercube 268.
• Input light pipe 224 may use total internal reflection (TIR) to propagate light to supercube 268.
• TIR total internal reflection
• input light pipe 224, output light pipe 232, or both input light and output light pipes 224 and 232 may be increasing taper light pipes, as shown in Fig. 6A, decreasing taper light pipes, as shown in Fig.
• first output reflector 220 may be a mismatched impedance such as a prism, a right angle prism, or a mirror.
• first output reflector 220 may have a coating that transmits a predetermined portion of electro-magnetic radiation spectrum. This might be used to discard unusable non-visible light before it is coupled into an imager.
• pre-determined portion of electro-magnetic radiation spectrum may be infrared light, visible light, a pre-determined band of wavelengths of light, a specific color of light, or a combination thereof.
• the coating may reflect infrared light, visible light, a pre-determined band of wavelengths of light, a specific color of light, or some combination thereof.
• a second output reflector 222 may be disposed reflectably to second orthogonal direction 216.
• Second output reflector 222 may reflect useful polarization light 204 in output direction 206.
• second output reflector 222 may be disposed reflectably to output direction 206.
• Second output reflector 222 may reflect non-useful polarization light 208 in second orthogonal direction 216.
• second output reflector 222 may be a mismatched impedance such as a prism, a right angle prism, or a mirror.
• second output reflector 222 may have a coating that transmits a pre-determined portion of electro-magnetic radiation spectrum.
• pre-determined portion of electro-magnetic radiation spectrum may be infrared light, visible light, a pre-determined band of wavelengths of light, a specific color of light, or a combination thereof.
• the coating may reflect infrared light, visible light, a pre-determined band of wavelengths of light, a specific color of light, or some combination thereof.
• initial reflector 214 may be disposed reflectably to first orthogonal direction 210.
• Initial reflector 214 may reflect non-useful polarization light 208 in a second orthogonal direction 216 substantially orthogonal to output direction 206 and first orthogonal direction 210.
• initial reflector 214 may be a mismatched impedance such as a prism, a right angle prism, or a mirror.
• a mismatched impedance may reflect a wave, such as an electro-magnetic wave, in the manner of an echo.
• a mismatched impedance for example, may reflect part of a wave, or a range of wavelengths, while passing other parts of the wave, or other wavelengths.
• final reflector 218 may be disposed reflectably to second orthogonal direction 216.
• Final reflector 218 may reflect non-useful polarization light 208 in output direction 206.
• final reflector 218 may be a mismatched impedance such as a prism, a right angle prism, or a mirror.
• final reflector 218 may have a coating that transmits a pre-determined portion of electro-magnetic radiation spectrum. This might be used to discard unusable non-visible light before it is coupled into an imager.
• first orthogonal direction 206 and second orthogonal direction 216 may lie substantially in a plane of polarization 272 of light of non-useful polarization 208.
• This basic block may be used to reflect and redirect light of non-useful polarization 208 from polarizing beam splitter 202 as described above such that polarization 272 of light of non-useful polarization 208 is converted to polarization 270 of light of useful polarization 204 and redirected to output direction 206.
• light of useful polarization 204 may exit polarizing beam splitter 202 in a different direction than that of light of non-useful polarization 208 after it has been redirected to output direction 206 by final reflector 218.
• first output reflector 220 and second output reflector 222 may be used to redirect light of useful polarization 204 in the same direction as light of non-useful polarization 208.
• first output reflector 220, shown in Fig. 4A redirects light of useful polarization 204 while second output reflector 222, shown in Fig. 4B, redirects light of non-useful polarization 208 in the same direction as light of useful polarization 204.
• a spacer 246 may be used in either case to allow light of useful polarization 204 to exit at the same surface as light of non-useful polarization 208. This may be useful in order to couple light of useful polarization 204 and light of non-useful polarization 208 into output light pipe 232.
• supercube 268 may consist of polarizing beam splitter 202 and reflectors 214, 218, 220 and 222. Light may be propagated through these optical components via total internal reflection. The surfaces of the optical components may be optically polished to promote total internal reflection. In one embodiment the optical material used for reflectors 214, 218, 220 and 222 may have a high index of refraction to promote total internal reflection of skew rays. In one embodiment, the input and output faces of the optical components may be coated with an anti-reflective (AR) coating to minimize Fresnel reflection losses.
• AR anti-reflective
• a spacer 246 may be used in conjunction with reflectors 214, 218, 220 and 222 to form a large cubic shape for ease of packaging.
• spacer 246 may be a cube.
• each of reflectors 214, 218, 220 and 222 may be combined with a complementary spacer 246, such as a right angle spacer, to form a little cube.
• eight little cubes may form a supercube 268.
• reflectors 214, 218, 220 and 222 and spacers 272 are stacked together to form supercube 268.
• the components may be glued together by an adhesive material.
• the components may be held together by means of a mechanical holder. This construction may be rugged and may have minimal loss.
• gaps may be introduced between any two of input and output light pipes 224 and 232, reflectors 214, 218, 220 and 222, or polarizing beam splitter 202 to promote total internal reflection and to reduce losses.
• input light pipe 224, reflectors 214, 218, 220 and 222, and output light pipe 232 may be separated by small air gaps.
• supercube 268 may be made up of individual components. In one embodiment, some of the components may be combined into single unit. In one embodiment, for example, two prisms may be combined into a single prism.
• a pair of reflectors 214, 218, 220 or 222 may be combined during the manufacturing process, such as during a glass molding process.
• two prisms may be glued together to form a single unit.
• two prisms may be combined with half of polarizing beam splitter 202 to form a single unit.
• the full PCS system may be made with two components together with the spacer 246.
• a prism may be combined with a spacer 246.
• the system may be made in two components with the separation at polarizing beam splitter 202. In this embodiment, cost may be minimized.
• polarizing beam splitter 202 and reflectors 214, 218, 220 and 222 may be substantially cubical. In one embodiment, polarizing beam splitter 202 and reflectors 214, 218, 220 and 222 may have all sides with the substantially similar dimensions, except for the hypotenuses of the reflectors.
• the output of input light pipe 224 may be square, and the input of output light pipe 232 may be rectangular with an aspect ratio of 2:1. Non-cube configurations may also be implemented such that output light pipe 232 input has an aspect ratio other than 2:1 , albeit with possibly larger coupling losses.
• input and output light pipes 224 and 232, reflectors 214, 218, 220 and 222, or polarizing beam splitter 202 may be coated with an anti- reflection (AR) coating in order to increase efficiency.
• input and output light pipes 224 and 232 may be tapered in an increasing or decreasing manner as required by the application.
• Reflectors 214, 218, 220 and 222 may be reflection coated as appropriate for high angle light.
• Supercube 268 may be used in various configuration besides the one described.
• an input light pipe 224 may be placed proximate to an input 226 of polarizing beam splitter 202.
• input light pipe 224 may have an input surface 228 and an output surface 230.
• input light pipe 224 may be made of quartz, glass, plastic, or acrylic.
• input light pipe 224 may be a tapered light pipe (TLP) or a straight light pipe (SLP).
• TLP tapered light pipe
• SLP straight light pipe
• a shape of input surface 228 may be flat, convex, concave, toroidal, or spherical.
• a surface of input light pipe 224 may be coated such that the total internal reflection preserves the polarization.
• input surface 228 and output surface 230 may be selected such that the output numerical aperture (NA) is matched to a device receiving light from input light pipe 224.
• output surface 230 may be disposed proximate to input 226 of polarizing beam splitter 202.
• a shape of output surface 230 may be flat, convex, concave, toroidal, or spherical.
• input light pipe 224 may receive substantially un-polarized light at input surface 228 and transmit un-polarized light at output surface 230 to polarizing beam splitter 202.
• input light pipe 224 may be hollow.
• Output surface 230 may be a plano-convex lens.
• a convex surface of output surface 230 may be spherical or cylindrical depending on the final configuration and cost of the components.
• a power of output surface 230 may be designed such that the light from output surface 230 is imaged onto polarizing beam splitter 202.
• An inner surface of input light pipe 224 may be coated with a polarization preserving material.
• an output light pipe 232 may be placed proximate to an output 234 of supercube 268.
• output light pipe 232 may have an input surface 236 that is disposed proximate to output direction 206 and an output surface 238.
• Output light pipe 232 may receive useful polarization light 204 and non- useful polarization light 208 at input surface 236 and may transmit useful polarization light 204 and non-useful polarization light 208 at output surface 238.
• a shape of input surface 236 may be flat, convex, concave, toroidal, or spherical.
• a shape of output surface 238 may be flat, convex, concave, toroidal, or spherical.
• output light pipe 232 may be comprised of a material selected from group consisting of quartz, glass, plastic, or acrylic.
• output light pipe 232 may be a tapered light pipe (TLP) or a straight light pipe (SLP).
• TLP tapered light pipe
• SLP straight light pipe
• a surface of output light pipe 232 may be coated such that the total internal reflection preserves the polarization.
• the dimensions of input surface 236 and output surface 238 may be selected such that the output numerical aperture (NA) is matched to a device receiving light from output light pipe 232.
• output light pipe 232 may be hollow.
• Output surface 238 may be convex in shape.
• a convex surface of output surface 238 may be spherical or cylindrical depending on the final configuration and cost of the components.
• a power of output surface 238 may be designed such that the light from output surface 238 is imaged onto an image projection system.
• An inner surface of output light pipe 232 may be coated with a polarization preserving material.
• a shell reflector 240 may reflect light from source 212 to polarizing beam splitter 202.
• shell reflector 240 may have a coating that transmits a pre-determined portion of electro-magnetic radiation spectrum. This might be used to discard unusable non-visible light before it is coupled into an imager.
• pre-determined portion of electro-magnetic radiation spectrum may be infrared light, visible light, a pre-determined band of wavelengths of light, a specific color of light, or a combination thereof.
• the coating may reflect infrared light, visible light, a pre-determined band of wavelengths of light, a specific color of light, or some combination thereof.
• shell reflector 240 may have a first and a second focal points 242 and 244.
• source 212 of electro-magnetic radiation may be disposed substantially proximate to first focal point 242 of shell reflector 240 to emit rays of light that reflect from shell reflector 240 and converge substantially at second focal point 244.
• input surface 228 may be disposed proximate to second focal point 244 to collect and transmit substantially all of light.
• input 226 of polarizing beam splitter 202 may be disposed proximate to second focal point 244 to collect and transmit substantially all of light.
• shell reflector 240 may be at least a portion of a substantially elliptical surface of revolution, a substantially spherical surface of revolution, or a substantially toric surface of revolution.
• shell reflector 240 may include a primary reflector 250 with a first optical axis 252, and first focal point 242 may be a focal point of primary reflector 250.
• shell reflector 240 may also include a secondary reflector 254 having a second optical axis 256 placed substantially symmetrically to primary reflector 250 such that first and second optical axes 252 and 256 are substantially collinear.
• second focal point 244 may be a focal point of secondary reflector 254, and rays of light may reflect from primary reflector 250 toward secondary reflector 254 and converge substantially at second focal point 244.
• primary and secondary reflectors 250 and 254 each may be a substantially elliptical surface of revolution, or a substantially parabolic surface of revolution.
• primary reflector 250 may be at least a portion of a substantially elliptical surface of revolution
• secondary reflector 254 may be at least a portion of a substantially hyperbolic surface of revolution.
• primary reflector 250 may be at least a portion of a substantially hyperbolic surface of revolution
• secondary reflector 254 may be at least a portion of a substantially elliptical surface of revolution.
• Source 212 may be placed at first focal point 242 of primary reflector 250 to collimate the collected light and direct it towards secondary reflector 254.
• the output at input surface 228 may be directed into an input light pipe 224.
• input light pipe 224 may be a tapered light pipe (TLP).
• Input light pipe 224 may be useful to transform a cross-sectional area or a numerical aperture of the image of source 212.
• the light may be directed into a supercube polarization recovery system to obtain linearly polarized light at output light pipe 232. Linearly polarized light may be suitable for illumination of LCD-based imager chips that require polarized light.
• the degree of collimation may depend on the size of source 212.
• Secondary reflector 254 may be positioned symmetrically with respect to primary reflector 250 such that they share common optical axes.
• the beam entering secondary reflector 254 converges to second focal point 244 where a target, i.e., input light pipe 224, is placed.
• Input light pipe 224 may couple light from second focal point 244 of secondary reflector 254.
• source 212 may be imaged onto a target in a 1 :1 ratio such that the brightness of source 212 is essentially preserved.
• the image of source 212 at input surface 228 may be exactly the same as source 212 with unit magnification, due to the 1 :1 symmetry of the system.
• Polarization recovery system 200 may be able to conserve etendue throughout the source collector components of polarization recovery system 200.
• the full angle of light at input surface 228 may be approximately 180° about an axis of source 212 and 90° about an axis normal to the axis of source 212, due to the extent of the reflectors. These angles may be too large for applications such as micro displays.
• input light pipe 224 may be a tapered light pipe (TLP) to transform a high input numerical aperture (NA) and small input area into a lower NA and larger output area without a loss of brightness, thus reducing the angles.
• TLP tapered light pipe
• source 212 may not be circular.
• the input of input light pipe 224 may be designed to be of rectangular, elliptical, octagonal, or other cross-sectional shape to match the shape of the image of source 212.
• An input matched to the image of source 212 may prevent or reduce degradation of system etendue due to shape mismatches.
• the output dimensions and aspect ratios of input light pipe 224 may be designed to match a size and an aspect ratio of an imager panel, but with a super cube-based configuration they may be relatively arbitrary.
• Primary and secondary reflectors 250 and 254 may cover substantially a rotational arc extent of 180° to maximize the collection efficiency, i.e., primary reflector 250 will collect approximately one half of the light emitted from source 212.
• a retro- reflector 258 may be placed on the opposite side of primary reflector 250 to collect the other half of the emitted light.
• retro-reflector 258 may be a hemispherical retro-reflector.
• a center of curvature of retro-reflector 258 may be placed near source 212 of the lamp. In this embodiment, nearly all of the light may be reflected back through source 212 to be collected by primary reflector 250 and subsequently focused into the light pipe.
• retro-reflector 258 may be disposed on a side of source 212 opposite shell reflector 240.
• retro-reflector 258 may be a spherical retro-reflector.
• retro-reflector 258 may be integral to shell reflector 240.
• retro-reflector 258 may have a coating that transmits a pre-determined portion of electro-magnetic radiation spectrum. This might be used to discard unusable non-visible light before it is coupled into an imager.
• pre-determined portion of electro-magnetic radiation spectrum may be infrared light, visible light, a pre-determined band of wavelengths of light, a specific color of light, or a combination thereof.
• the coating may reflect infrared light, visible light, a pre-determined band of wavelengths of light, a specific color of light, or some combination thereof.
• an image projection system 260 may be disposed proximate to output direction 206 to collect substantially all of useful polarization light 204.
• image projection system 260 may be a liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) imager, a digital micromirror device (DMD) chip, or a transmissive liquid crystal display (LCD) panel.
• LCOS liquid crystal on silicon
• DMD digital micromirror device
• LCD transmissive liquid crystal display
• a focusing lens 262 may be disposed proximate to output direction 206, with image projection system 260 disposed proximate to an output side 264 of focusing lens 262.
• An image 266 illuminated by useful polarization light 204 collected and focused at focusing lens 262 will be released by the projection system 260 to display the image 266.
• a method of polarization recovery may include the steps of polarizing substantially light into light of useful polarization 204 and light of non-useful polarization 208, transmitting useful polarization light 204 in an output direction 206, reflecting non-useful polarization light 208 in a first orthogonal direction 210 substantially orthogonal to output direction 206, reflecting non-useful polarization light 208 in a second orthogonal direction 216 substantially orthogonal to output direction 206 and first orthogonal direction 210, and reflecting non-useful polarization light 208 in output direction 206.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Multimedia (AREA)
• Signal Processing (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• Polarising Elements (AREA)
• Telescopes (AREA)
• Lenses (AREA)
• Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
• Liquid Crystal (AREA)

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• 2004
  • 2004-02-20 KR KR1020057015374A patent/KR20050103500A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2004-02-20 WO PCT/US2004/004866 patent/WO2004077102A2/en active Application Filing
  • 2004-02-20 CA CA002515141A patent/CA2515141A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2004-02-20 JP JP2006503699A patent/JP2006518486A/ja active Pending
  • 2004-02-20 EP EP04713304A patent/EP1597514A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2004-02-20 TW TW093104343A patent/TWI238901B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation

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