WO2004073953A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von spritzgiessteilen - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von spritzgiessteilen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004073953A1 WO2004073953A1 PCT/CH2003/000317 CH0300317W WO2004073953A1 WO 2004073953 A1 WO2004073953 A1 WO 2004073953A1 CH 0300317 W CH0300317 W CH 0300317W WO 2004073953 A1 WO2004073953 A1 WO 2004073953A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- additives
- screw
- feed
- injection
- plasticizing
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C45/18—Feeding the material into the injection moulding apparatus, i.e. feeding the non-plastified material into the injection unit
- B29C45/1816—Feeding auxiliary material, e.g. colouring material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/0002—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped monomers or prepolymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/25—Solid
- B29K2105/253—Preform
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the production of injection molded parts, in particular of preforms by injection molding, wherein raw material and additives fed to a plasticizing screw, injected the plastic melt under pressure into the cavities of an injection mold and the injection molded parts are removed after cooling the molds.
- the invention further relates to an apparatus for producing injection molded parts, in particular of preforms by injection molding, plastic raw material and additives of a plasticizing screw can be fed, the amount of plastic shot into the cavities of a Spitzg intelligentform einspritzbar and the injection molded parts after cooling the molds can be removed.
- the new invention will be explained below with reference to the production of preforms for the fabrication of PET panels.
- the starting materials in the synthesis of PET are ethylene glycol and para-terephthalic acid, both of which can be produced 100% from petroleum or natural gas.
- the first step is the esterification of ethylene glycol and para-terephthalic acid, which occurs with dehydration. This initially produces ethylene terephthalate and, in a subsequent polycondensation stage with further elimination of water, polyethylene terephthalate (PET). From about 1, 9 kg of crude oil, about 1 kg of PET granules can be obtained. Due to the esterification reaction, PET is often also called polyester.
- the production of PET bottles consists of two stages.
- the PET granules are injection molded by injection molding into a preform, also known as preform or injection molding.
- the granules are dried in a large silo for 4 to 6 hours at 100 ° C, so that it reaches a residual moisture content of OOpprn (parts per million).
- the dried granules are conveyed via a vacuum system into a hopper (booster) over the PET machine and heated to 170 ° C.
- the granules trickle over a hose in the plasticizing unit, in which the granules are melted, compressed and homogenized.
- the injection piston transports the melt into the PET mold, where the preforms are formed.
- the still hot preforms are removed from the mold and transferred to a cooling station, where the preforms are cooled for three to four cycles.
- the preforms are fed to the stretch blow molder.
- the preforms are previously heated by means of short-wave infrared radiation to forming temperature to about 90 to 120 ° C.
- the preform is placed in the Blaskavtician and formed in a combined stretch rod and compressed air forming.
- the plastic is cooled again and removed from the mold.
- the bottle is now ready to be filled for any liquid consumer product.
- the quality of the preforms or of the PET bottles produced from them is largely based on the quality of the preforms.
- the geometry and the wall thickness determine by the stretching and inflation of the preform the wall thickness distribution and thus also the geometry of the bottle.
- the preforms play an essential role in the production of PET bottles. As a result, the preforms undergo the following quality checks:
- a first, central parameter is the taste test.
- the acetaldehyde in the foreground The taste and smell of the filling medium must not be influenced by foreign components. That's why they carried out various tests with the PET bottles. It can be festgestrise substances that have a fruity taste.
- the challenge of the preform manufacturers is to keep the acetaldehyde value as low as possible so as not to affect the natural taste of the mineral water.
- acetaldehyde can be formed as a cleavage product of the polymer chains. Degradation of the polyester chains during the melting process leads to the formation of Acetaldehyde.
- the key influencing factors that can lead to the formation of acetaldehyde during injection molding are the temperature and the residence time of the melt at high temperatures.
- Acetaldehyde is a simple organic compound (CH 3 CHO). It is a colorless, volatile liquid (boiling point 20.8 ° C) with a noticeable fruity smell. Fruits that are ripe for maturation contain acetaldehyde as a natural ingredient. This applies, for example, to apples and citrus fruits. In the food industry, acetaldehyde is added as an additive to many foods for flavoring. For example, ice cream and chewing gum contain acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde is formed during the fermentation of sugar into alcohol and is also present in human blood. In this respect, acetaldehyde can be considered as physiologically harmless. As an additive for food, acetaldehyde is officially released in the Handbook of Food Additives.
- the acetaldehyde content in the bottle and thus also in the preform must be as low as possible. Water is particularly sensitive to the slightest changes in smell and taste. The purity, originality and naturalness of the mineral water must remain inviolable even in the PET bottle. For this reason, detailed studies on the subject of acetaldehyde in water were carried out. These have shown that the taste threshold for the sensory detection of acetaldehyde in mineral water was much lower than the odor threshold. The taste-dependent threshold value depends on both the subjective perceptions of the test persons and the taste of the mineral (mineral content, etc.) of the mineral water.
- the threshold is between 20 and 40 ppm, taste-sensitive, specially trained persons can already register 10 ppm of acetaldehyde in the water.
- different limit values were defined for the acetaldehyde content in the preform (ppm) and in the bottle (/ g / l), depending on the application of the PET bottle (water, soft drink, edible oil, etc.). These limits guarantee that the consumer can not detect a change in the taste of the beverage due to acetaldehyde.
- the limits in the preform are defined as follows:
- the object of the new invention is to improve the process and the device, in particular the known disadvantages in the addition of additives, in particular acetaldehyde blockers or liquid paint, and the advantages of optimizing these additives, wherein the stability is increased and the Dosage time may not be extended.
- the process according to the invention is characterized in that the additives in liquid form, added separately from the raw material feed, are metered directly into the screw cylinder.
- the device according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises at least one liquid metering device for additives, via which additives can be added directly into the screw cylinder in the screw feed direction after the plastic raw material feed point, matched to the granulate delivery of a pick.
- the plastic raw material is usually supplied in granular form, ie in dry form via a feed hopper of the plasticizing screw.
- the additives are metered into the feed hopper in liquid form with percent or per thousand parts and mixed into the granulate by means of a mixing plant.
- the liquid additives adhere to the surface of the individual granules and worsen the conveying efficiency in the screw cylinder.
- the liquid additives produce on the plasticizing a lubricating effect, which is technically disadvantageous. Therefore, the conveying effect is better without additive and the metering time is shorter.
- the liquid additive is added only after the raw material feed directly into the screw cylinder. This means ensuring the best possible intake conditions with completely dry granules.
- the new solution not only improves the acetaldehyde blocker effect, but surprisingly allows a tremendous reduction in the metering time of 1 to 3 seconds.
- the new solution has a positive influence on the entire dosing process, especially the melt preparation.
- the new solution allows a number of particularly advantageous embodiments.
- the additives are introduced in liquid form into a region of the rising pressure profile of the feed zone of the plasticizing screw with a correspondingly higher pressure, wherein in the case of two or more additives they are fed separately into the screw cylinder.
- the additives can be fed in via two or more areas of the intake zone. This allows optimization of the feed disposition, also depending on the whole screw geometry, on a case by case basis.
- the new solution is particularly suitable for the production of preforms for the manufacture of PET bottles, with metered addition of acetaldehyde blocker in the area of the feeder zone of the plasticizing screws. Furthermore, initial tactile tests also gave positive results in the production of injection molded parts, in particular preforms in the addition of liquid paint in the region of the feed zone of the plasticizing screw. In both cases, the liquid metering device was designed as a pressure pump or as a constant volume pump.
- the liquid metering device is assigned a control / regulation, via which additives via a print function and / or a conveying function of the plasticizing screw shot continuously are zugebbar.
- the melt pressure can be determined via a sensor in the region of the feed point for the additives and, accordingly, the time course of the additional dosage can be controlled.
- the conveying function it is primarily the path function of the plasticizing screw, via which the dosage can be controlled.
- the feed point for additives is at least by the measure of a screw in the conveying direction offset from the plastic raw material feed point arranged, wherein the feed point for additives nozzle-like constricted formed in the shell of the injection cylinder and is preferably arranged radially. In this way, a precise feed is ensured without granules can penetrate into the feed point for additives.
- At least one active feed point for additives and at least one further passive, closed feed point can be arranged for additives, with two or more feed points for additives being arranged offset in the axial direction or in the circumferential direction of the plasticizing cylinder.
- FIG. 2 shows a typical plasticizing screw with an appropriate formulation of the additives
- Figure 3 shows the main components of an injection unit in two-stage
- FIG. 4 shows a comparison of the metering time with natural material and the addition of
- FIG. 5 shows the metering time profile of a number of test results of 15 cycles and eight different tests
- FIG. 6 shows the AA content of several tests in ppm in different cavities of the injection molds
- FIG. 7a shows a section in the first region of the plasticizing screw
- FIG. 7b shows a section B-B of FIG. 6a
- FIG. 7c shows an enlarged detail of the feed point for the additives
- Figure Sa schematically shows a plasticizing screw with the different
- FIG. 8b corresponding to FIG. 5a, shows the proportion of melt over the various
- Figure 8c shows the pressure curve over the entire length of the plasticizing screw.
- 1 shows the core components of a Spritzgiessr ⁇ aschine for the production of preforms, wherein 1 denotes the finished preforms.
- the raw material is transferred in the form of granules 2 via a feed hopper 3 directly into the plasticizing screw 4 and from there into a plasticizing unit 5 in the form of prepared melt.
- the liquid melt is injected in batches by way of a hot runner 6 into the cavities of the mold halves 7 and 8. After sufficient lowering of the fresh injection molded parts, the mold halves 7 and 8 are opened, and a Entnähmeroboter 9 moves between the open mold halves and takes over the still hot preforms, passes them after intensive cooling a transfer gripper 10, which passes the preforms a cooling block 1 1 for final cooling.
- FIG. 2 shows a plasticizing screw 4 on a larger scale. This has right in the figure 2 a drive stub 1 5 with a cylindrical shaft portion 16.
- the feed area 17 has approximately the length of a screw flight 18.
- the feed point for the additives 19 is arranged approximately by the length L of a screw flight 18 in the conveying direction of the melt, arrow 20.
- the additive 21 is fed from tank 22 via a volume or hose pump 23 and a feed line 24 via the feed point for additives 19 in the screw space.
- the plasticizing screw 4 is formed over the entire length with different screw profiles and pitches.
- the first zone has primarily a conveying effect and is referred to as feed zone 25.
- a barrier zone 26 with a low screw pitch.
- a metering zone 27 follows.
- dry granulate 2 is conveyed by the plasticizing screw 4.
- the barrier zone 26 has the particular task of separating solid 2 and melt 30 by barrier webs (FIG. 2b).
- the metering zone has as main task to homogenize the melt 30 and to provide for the next shot ( Figure 2c).
- FIG. 2 in addition to the feed stems 19 for the additives, further screwed connections 19 ', 19 ", 19'", etc. are shown. Thus, other possible locations for the supply of additives are indicated.
- the additives are preferably arranged in the region of the feed scene.
- the plasticizing screw cylinder is made of special steel, so that the injection molder can not easily drill holes in the plasticizing screw cylinder. It is therefore proposed to provide several holes during machine production, which are used or sealed depending on the particular application.
- FIG. 3 shows a whole injection unit 31, the upper part of the image corresponding to FIG.
- an injection piston 32 which via a Hydraulic cylinder 33 is moved via corresponding control means in the cycle of the injection cycle.
- This part is assumed to be known.
- Upstream of the injection piston 32 is a melt depot 34, which is shot by shot through a Hotrunnerdüse 35 into the cavities of the mold.
- a valve 36 is opened and closed, so that either a shot amount of the plasticizing screw 4 is passed to the injection piston 32 or injected from the injection piston 32 into the cavities.
- FIG. 4 shows a very interesting comparison. Natural material (lower curve) was processed over 100 cycles and under the same conditions plastic material with addition of 0.2% AA blocker. As in the prior art, the AA blocker was added to the feed hopper 3. The difference is very striking, in which, after addition of AA blocker, the dosing time not only became very irregular, but increased from 6 to 6.4 seconds to 7 to 8 for eight seconds. The result is that in the prior art AA-blocker addition has a considerable negative effect both on the metering regularity and on the metering time. This corresponds to the experience in the professional world.
- FIG. 5 shows the metering time over 15 cycles in comparison to the prior art (experiments 1 and 2) and the new solution (experiments 3 to 8).
- the experiments involved an optimization study, in particular the question of where the best results are obtained in relation to the length of the plasticizing screw. In all tests, the same basic conditions were observed, especially in terms of product and throughput.
- experiment 2 the AA blocker was placed in the hopper; in the experiment 3 approximately at a distance of 90 mm to the feed point for the raw material, the following experiments each about 100 mm further away from the feed point.
- FIG. 6 shows the aspect of the AA content in comparison of the different experiments with respect to different cavities.
- the top curve (verse 1) shows values of 4.2 to 4.8 ppm. This is logical in itself, because no AA blocker was used here.
- v. 2 At the second uppermost curve (v. 2), AA blocker was mixed in the hopper 3 in a conventional manner. The AA content is between 3.5 and 4.4 ppm, so much lower than the top curve.
- the lower two curves clearly show the advantage of the new solution, since the AA content is now between 2.5 and 3.3 ppm.
- FIG. 7a to 7c show the feeding points for the additives on the basis of a section of a typical screw design in the region of the feed points.
- the catchment area for the raw material 17 is marked with a diameter mark d, where L: d is about 1: 1.
- L is in the example shown, the feed point 19 for the additives, wherein in the relevant bore a connection nipple 40 is screwed for the additives.
- the bore is closed by the cylinder wall 43 each with a plug 41.
- the configuration of the plasticizing screw 4 is assumed to be known otherwise.
- FIG. 7b is a section B-B of FIG. 6a and FIG.
- connection nipple 40 shows an enlargement of the connection nipple 40. It is important that the connection nipple is provided with a fine outlet opening 43 in the manner of a nozzle. This supports an exact dosage of the additives and prevents clogging by melt material.
- FIG. 8a schematically shows a plasticizing screw with the associated diagrams for the melt proportion (FIG. 8b) and the pressure profile (FIG. 8c).
- the liquid additives are added in the region of the first pressure increase in the region of the feed zone, which is designated by ⁇ in the screw.
- the pressure of the peristaltic pump must be adjusted or increased.
- FIG. 8b shows that the melt fraction of the catchment area immediately rises in the conveying direction.
- the liquid additives are added to a location in the plasticizing cylinder at which at least a portion of the melt is already formed.
- the area C is useful if the formation of acetaldehyde during plasticization is to be lowered to the lowest possible value. If, on the other hand, it is the aim to lower the formation of acetaldehyde in the subsequent process steps, then the AA blocker can be added over the entire region D. However, it is also possible to add the additives in both zone C and zone E, depending on which target is being pursued. If two or more additives are added, it is advisable to add them one after the other over the length of the plasticizing screw.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2003223820A AU2003223820A1 (en) | 2003-02-20 | 2003-05-19 | Method and device for the production of injection moulded parts |
US10/546,156 US20070001344A1 (en) | 2003-02-20 | 2003-05-19 | Method and device for the production of injection moulded parts |
EP03720071A EP1594670A1 (de) | 2003-02-20 | 2003-05-19 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von spritzgiessteilen |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH2642003 | 2003-02-20 | ||
CH264/03 | 2003-02-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004073953A1 true WO2004073953A1 (de) | 2004-09-02 |
Family
ID=32873418
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CH2003/000317 WO2004073953A1 (de) | 2003-02-20 | 2003-05-19 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von spritzgiessteilen |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20070001344A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1594670A1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2003223820A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004073953A1 (de) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006024553A1 (de) | 2004-08-27 | 2006-03-09 | Berstorff Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur herstellung von spritzgussteilen |
DE102006023401A1 (de) * | 2006-05-17 | 2007-11-22 | Huf Hülsbeck & Fürst Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Spritzgießen eines farbig ausgebildeten Kunststoffteils |
DE202009017941U1 (de) | 2008-02-21 | 2010-09-23 | Netstal-Maschinen Ag | Plastifiziereinheit für das Aufbereiten der Schmelze |
EP2447036A1 (de) * | 2010-10-26 | 2012-05-02 | Krones AG | Anlage und Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Preforms |
DE102013111001A1 (de) | 2012-10-26 | 2014-04-30 | Netstal-Maschinen Ag | Spritzeinheit |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090213682A1 (en) * | 2008-02-21 | 2009-08-27 | Husky Injection Molding Systems Ltd. | Method of Decreasing Acetaldehyde Level in a Molded Article |
KR101529375B1 (ko) | 2010-05-25 | 2015-06-16 | 오쓰까 세이야꾸 가부시키가이샤 | 무균 충전 시스템 |
DE102020110565A1 (de) | 2020-04-17 | 2021-10-21 | Mht Mold & Hotrunner Technology Ag | Optimierte Spritzgießwerkzeugplatte sowie Spritzgießwerkzeug mit einer solchen |
CN114103037B (zh) * | 2021-11-23 | 2023-04-07 | 广州晶品智能压塑科技股份有限公司 | 具有一体式把手的pet瓶胚的制造方法和设备 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH03251420A (ja) * | 1990-03-01 | 1991-11-08 | Meiki Co Ltd | 射出成形機における液状着色剤の注入制御方法及びそのための注入装置 |
US5486327A (en) * | 1994-01-21 | 1996-01-23 | Bemis Manufacturing Company | Apparatus and method for injecting or extruding colored plastic |
US5968429A (en) * | 1997-03-20 | 1999-10-19 | Eastman Chemical Company | Apparatus and method for molding of polyester articles directly from a melt |
DE10107205C1 (de) * | 2001-07-25 | 2002-07-18 | Kloeckner Desma Schuhmaschinen | Ventilanordnung zur Steuerung der Zudosierung von fluiden Additiven in eine Kunststoffschmelze |
US20020167103A1 (en) * | 2000-01-10 | 2002-11-14 | Ickinger Georg Michael | Method for introducing additives |
-
2003
- 2003-05-19 WO PCT/CH2003/000317 patent/WO2004073953A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-05-19 EP EP03720071A patent/EP1594670A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-05-19 US US10/546,156 patent/US20070001344A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-05-19 AU AU2003223820A patent/AU2003223820A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH03251420A (ja) * | 1990-03-01 | 1991-11-08 | Meiki Co Ltd | 射出成形機における液状着色剤の注入制御方法及びそのための注入装置 |
US5486327A (en) * | 1994-01-21 | 1996-01-23 | Bemis Manufacturing Company | Apparatus and method for injecting or extruding colored plastic |
US5968429A (en) * | 1997-03-20 | 1999-10-19 | Eastman Chemical Company | Apparatus and method for molding of polyester articles directly from a melt |
US20020167103A1 (en) * | 2000-01-10 | 2002-11-14 | Ickinger Georg Michael | Method for introducing additives |
DE10107205C1 (de) * | 2001-07-25 | 2002-07-18 | Kloeckner Desma Schuhmaschinen | Ventilanordnung zur Steuerung der Zudosierung von fluiden Additiven in eine Kunststoffschmelze |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 0160, no. 47 (M - 1208) 6 February 1992 (1992-02-06) * |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006024553A1 (de) | 2004-08-27 | 2006-03-09 | Berstorff Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur herstellung von spritzgussteilen |
DE102006023401A1 (de) * | 2006-05-17 | 2007-11-22 | Huf Hülsbeck & Fürst Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Spritzgießen eines farbig ausgebildeten Kunststoffteils |
DE102006023401B4 (de) | 2006-05-17 | 2018-06-21 | Huf Hülsbeck & Fürst Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Spritzgießen eines farbig ausgebildeten Kunststoffteils |
DE202009017941U1 (de) | 2008-02-21 | 2010-09-23 | Netstal-Maschinen Ag | Plastifiziereinheit für das Aufbereiten der Schmelze |
EP2447036A1 (de) * | 2010-10-26 | 2012-05-02 | Krones AG | Anlage und Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Preforms |
DE102010042958A1 (de) * | 2010-10-26 | 2012-05-10 | Krones Aktiengesellschaft | Anlage und Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Preforms |
EP3366448A1 (de) * | 2010-10-26 | 2018-08-29 | Krones AG | Anlage und verfahren zur kontinuierlichen herstellung von preforms |
DE102013111001A1 (de) | 2012-10-26 | 2014-04-30 | Netstal-Maschinen Ag | Spritzeinheit |
WO2014063909A1 (de) | 2012-10-26 | 2014-05-01 | Netstal-Maschinen Ag | Spritzeinheit |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2003223820A1 (en) | 2004-09-09 |
US20070001344A1 (en) | 2007-01-04 |
EP1594670A1 (de) | 2005-11-16 |
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