WO2004072321A1 - Plaque resistant aux impacts - Google Patents

Plaque resistant aux impacts Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004072321A1
WO2004072321A1 PCT/AU2004/000157 AU2004000157W WO2004072321A1 WO 2004072321 A1 WO2004072321 A1 WO 2004072321A1 AU 2004000157 W AU2004000157 W AU 2004000157W WO 2004072321 A1 WO2004072321 A1 WO 2004072321A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
polymer
deposition
target
laminate
substrate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2004/000157
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kevin Andrew Loughrey
Original Assignee
Kevin Andrew Loughrey
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2003900629A external-priority patent/AU2003900629A0/en
Priority claimed from AU2003900607A external-priority patent/AU2003900607A0/en
Application filed by Kevin Andrew Loughrey filed Critical Kevin Andrew Loughrey
Publication of WO2004072321A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004072321A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0471—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
    • F41H5/0485—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers all the layers being only fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/62—Plasma-deposition of organic layers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to impact resistant plate and more particularly to plate fomied by sputtering or by plasma polymerization.
  • the present approach with body armour is to have a polyimide e.g. KevlarTM matt material as a vest and then slip into pockets of this vest ceramic plates.
  • the ceramic plate is generally penetrated and shattered by projectiles traveling at high velocity but, in this process, the projectile becomes badly distorted which then prevents it successfully penetrated the Kevlar matt. If a ceramic plate is penetrated it shatters. This makes the vest significantly less effective should the person be struck by a second or further projectile.
  • the invention seeks to make plates which are a combination of flexible and hard materials.
  • the process by which the plate is constructed is in an evacuated chamber.
  • material is deposited either by sputtering or by plasma polymerization onto a substrate which may or may not be kept with the plate at the end of the process.
  • Sputtering is a process well known in the coatings industry. It involves firing a high-energy beam of electrons at a target thereby dislodging atoms which comprise the target. These atoms then fall under the action of gravity to recombine on a surface of our substrate.
  • Plasma polymerization involves introducing a monomer into a highly evacuated chamber.
  • the plasma is caused by a charge traveling between a negative and positive plate separated by some distance.
  • argon gas In the evacuated atmosphere is argon gas, which facilitates the movement of the electrons from one plate to the other. Theses electrons knock electrons off the monomer molecules causes these molecules then to bond with each other plus other substances in the chamber.
  • target material is a ceramic then one arrives at a material which is very hard but which is held together by a highly flexible series of laminates of polymer.
  • Hexamethyldisoloxane usually has a temperature resistance of
  • Plates or membranes produced by this process will withstand high levels of impact but will have the necessary hardness to deform any projectile which attempts to penetrate it. Additionally, the surface energy required to penetrate an interface layer is known to be greater than that required to penetrate the matrix of each material. The end result of this is that the kinetic energy of the projectile is more vigorously dissipated as it attempts to make its way through each layer than would otherwise be the case with a solid material.
  • the present invention contemplates depositing, for example, amorphous diamond and encapsulating it in a polymer; the end result is a material with exceptional hardness but also with flexibility and energy absorbing characteristics.
  • the polymer being hyper cross-linked would have exceptional memory, heat resistance and strength.
  • nanotubes one can construct materials which are analogous to glass reinforced plastics. These exhibit exceptional strength, elastic modulus and impact resistance.
  • the substance When laying down substances in a plasma reactor, the substance is polar active when it deposits on the surface and remains that way for many days thereafter. This is a very useful characteristic in that one achieves covalent bonding of substances or, at the very least, strong nuclear bonding. The preference is to achieve strong covalent bonding.
  • Some preferred embodiments use amorphous diamond and a polymer such as Hexa-Methyl-Di-Sil-Oxane. It is possible by varying the strength of the RF field to change the composition of both the diamond and the HMDSO. In the case of the diamond, the deposit can be more carbon than diamond crystals. In the case of the HMDSO, the deposit can have a higher or lesser level of silicon. By varying these it is possible to have carbon rich diamond at the interface and a more tenacious polymer thereby achieving a better bonding of the two layers.
  • an interfacial layer it is also possible to lay down an interfacial layer to improve the bonding of the two substances by performing the operation at elevated temperatures or by introducing a different monomer such as a styrene into the reactor.
  • Research in this field has sought to improve the adhesion and dispersion on or of nano tubes (particles).
  • an ultrathin film of pyrrole was deposited on alumina nanoparticles using a plasma polymerization treatment. High resolution transmission electron microscopy experiments showed that an extremely thin film of the pyrrole layer (2 nm) was uniformly deposited on the surfaces of the nanoparticles.
  • the particles of all sizes (10-150 nm) exhibited equally uniform ultrathin films indicating well-dispersed nanoparticles in the fluidized bed during the plasma treatment.
  • Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy experiments confirmed the nano-surface deposition of the pyrrole films on the nanoparticles.
  • the pyrrole-coated nanoparticles were consolidated at a temperature range (approximately 250 °C), much lower than the conventional sintering temperature.
  • the density of consolidated bulk alumina has reached about 95% of the theoretical density of alumina with only a few percent of polymer in the matrix.
  • the micro-hardness test was performed on the bulk samples to study the strength that was related to particle-particle adhesion. The underlying adhesion mechanism for bonding of the nanoparticles is discussed.
  • ultrathin films of polystyrene were deposited on the surfaces of carbon nanofibers using a plasma polymerization treatment. A small percent by weight of these surface-coated nanofibers were incorporated into polystyrene to form a polymer nanocomposite. The plasma coating greatly enhanced the dispersion of the nanofibers in the polymer matrix.
  • High-resolution transmission-electron-microscopy (HRTEM) images revealed an extremely thin film of the polymer layer ( ⁇ 3 nm) at the interface between the nanofiber and matrix.
  • HRTEM transmission-electron-microscopy
  • Tensile test results showed considerably increased strength in the coated nanofiber composite while an adverse effect was observed in the uncoated composites; the former exhibited shear yielding due to enhanced interfacial bonding while the latter fractured in a brittle fashion. This is of particular interest as the same applies to granules of crystallised amorphous carbon.
  • Styrene monomer then forms a good bond to HMDSO.
  • the use of HMDSO is preferred to styrene because of its ability to withstand higher elevated temperatures.
  • deposition machines provide deposition rates of up to 300 nanometers per second. This is achieved by using a strong microwave RF agitation field to cause disassociation of the monomer. The same techniques can be used when introducing methane into the chamber for the purposes of creating amorphous diamond. The degree of vacuum and the amount of argon present to allow transmission of electrons across the space between the two electrodes may be varied to achieve an optimum effect. These settings are well known by anyone skilled in the art of plasma polymerization and are provided by the makers of the machines. It is also possible to increase deposition rates by increasing the time that the monomer has to become disassociated. This is done by having the monomer travel down a rectangular "chute", the sides of which comprise the positive and negative electrodes. The monomer is admitted from the top of the "chute". When the monomer begins to chain to form a polymer under the action of the RF it falls from the gaseous situation downwards to land on the surface being coated.
  • the present invention is suitable for making complex shapes.
  • Polymer may be deposited on any substrate.
  • This substrate could be made in the shape of, for example, a helmet inner.
  • the shaft can be made of hollow polystyrene.
  • the shaft is mounted between two co-linear points, like the headstock and tailstock of a lathe.
  • the shaft is then rotated during the deposition of the polymer and nanotubes; the nanotubes being sprinkled from above in a system not unlike a flour sifter. Particles which do not fall on the shaft are recycled to fall again.
  • styrene monomer and HMDSO are entered through separate chutes, the arrangement being that the styrene is deposited prior to the deposition of the HMDSO.
  • the polystyrene may be melted out of the shaft or dissolved using a petroleum spirit.
  • nanotubes of boron nitride which are a suitable substitute for carbon in this invention. These particles compete well with carbon in terms of their hardness, elastic modulus and strength. Additionally, nanotubes made of boron nitride can stand far higher temperatures than nanotubes made of carbon. While the present technology has been disclosed with reference to particular details, these should not be construed as limitations to the scope or spirit of the invention as expressed in the claims.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une plaque résistant aux impacts, et plus particulièrement une plaque légère, résistant aux impacts, destinée à être utilisée dans des applications telles qu'un gilet pare-balles. L'objectif de l'invention est de créer des plaques qui combinent des matériaux souples et rigides. A cet effet, un matériau est déposé en alternance par pulvérisation et par polymérisation plasma sur un substrat qui peut être conservé ou non en tant que partie de la plaque à la fin du processus.
PCT/AU2004/000157 2003-02-12 2004-02-12 Plaque resistant aux impacts WO2004072321A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003900629A AU2003900629A0 (en) 2003-02-12 2003-02-12 A process for manufacturing impact resistant & high strength plate- further elaboration
AU2003900629 2003-02-12
AU2003900607 2003-02-12
AU2003900607A AU2003900607A0 (en) 2003-02-12 2003-02-12 A process for manufacturing impact resistant plate

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004072321A1 true WO2004072321A1 (fr) 2004-08-26

Family

ID=32870029

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU2004/000157 WO2004072321A1 (fr) 2003-02-12 2004-02-12 Plaque resistant aux impacts

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2004072321A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1741826A1 (fr) * 2005-07-08 2007-01-10 Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast-Natuuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO Méthode pour déposer une couche de polymère contenant un nano-materiau sur un substrat et appareil pour celà
WO2012015472A1 (fr) * 2010-07-26 2012-02-02 National Institute Of Aerospace Associates Blindage contre les pénétrateurs à énergie cinétique élevée et matériaux à forte résistance à l'usure fabriqués avec des nanotubes de nitrure de bore (bnnt) et des composites polymères à base de bnnt

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997000766A1 (fr) * 1995-06-20 1997-01-09 Dsm N.V. Produit moule a l'epreuve des projectiles et son procede de fabrication
US5880042A (en) * 1994-07-28 1999-03-09 Akzo Nobel Nv Clothing for protection against stab and bullet wounds
GB2336807A (en) * 1998-04-27 1999-11-03 David Adie Ceramic sandwich material for ballistic protection

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5880042A (en) * 1994-07-28 1999-03-09 Akzo Nobel Nv Clothing for protection against stab and bullet wounds
WO1997000766A1 (fr) * 1995-06-20 1997-01-09 Dsm N.V. Produit moule a l'epreuve des projectiles et son procede de fabrication
GB2336807A (en) * 1998-04-27 1999-11-03 David Adie Ceramic sandwich material for ballistic protection

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1741826A1 (fr) * 2005-07-08 2007-01-10 Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast-Natuuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO Méthode pour déposer une couche de polymère contenant un nano-materiau sur un substrat et appareil pour celà
WO2007008063A1 (fr) * 2005-07-08 2007-01-18 Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno Appareil et procédé de dépôt sur un substrat d'une couche de polymère contenant un nanomatériau
US8337957B2 (en) 2005-07-08 2012-12-25 Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno Method for depositing a polymer layer containing nanomaterial on a substrate material and apparatus
US10793999B2 (en) 2005-07-08 2020-10-06 Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepasst-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO Apparatus for depositing a polymer coating containing nanomaterial on a substrate
US10000036B2 (en) * 2008-12-23 2018-06-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of Nasa High kinetic energy penetrator shielding and high wear resistance materials fabricated with boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTS) and BNNT polymer composites
WO2012015472A1 (fr) * 2010-07-26 2012-02-02 National Institute Of Aerospace Associates Blindage contre les pénétrateurs à énergie cinétique élevée et matériaux à forte résistance à l'usure fabriqués avec des nanotubes de nitrure de bore (bnnt) et des composites polymères à base de bnnt
US20120186742A1 (en) * 2010-07-26 2012-07-26 National Institute Of Aerospace Associates High kinetic energy penetrator shielding and high wear resistance materials fabricated with boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTS) and BNNT polymer composites
US9067385B2 (en) * 2010-07-26 2015-06-30 Jefferson Science Associates, Llc High kinetic energy penetrator shielding and high wear resistance materials fabricated with boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) and BNNT polymer composites

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