WO2004064497A1

WO2004064497A1 - A pipe with valve for controlling water flow essping irrigator and the method for controlling water flow thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2004064497A1
Application number: PCT/CN2003/000893
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jun Zhu
Original assignee: Jun Zhu
Priority date: 2003-01-23
Filing date: 2003-10-24
Publication date: 2004-08-05
Also published as: AU2003280540A1; CN1518861A; CN2601012Y; CN1691888A

Abstract

The invention relates to a pipe with valve for controlling water flow, seeping irrigator and a method for controlling water flow thereof. The pipe with valve is provided with outer layer (11) and core (12) that is formed of porous medium (121) or capillary bundle (12) for acting as capillary. The orifice diameter of the medium (121) or the capillary bundle (12) is in the range of 0.1 to 200 micron and the length of the pipe is 100 times of the orifice diameter. Water flow, which is influenced by the environmental pressure, can be accurately controlled in such a range that the crops are automatically irrigated with fixing water flow.

Description

Quantitative water control valve tube, irrigator and quantitative water control method

The invention relates to a device and a method for infiltration irrigation by utilizing characteristics of water in a capillary tube, in particular to a quantitative water control valve tube, an infiltration irrigation device and a quantitative water control method thereof. Background technique

In irrigation technology, the more water-saving and efficient methods mostly choose to directly supply the roots of the plant with a small amount of water. This can reduce the evaporation and infiltration of irrigation water and improve the water utilization rate. It is also called local irrigation method. Such as drip irrigation. This method directs pipe water directly to the roots of the plant, and uses a device with loose holes such as a dripper to provide a small and continuous supply of water to the roots of the plant. In order to ensure a balanced water supply within a certain range, it is necessary to think that the pressure of the pipeline is maintained. The amount of water per unit time depends on the pore size of the micropores and the water pressure of the pipeline. These systems all need to lay water supply pipelines, and there are many requirements for terrain, water pressure, 7j quality and power. This is not suitable for planting types with scattered water supply and planting environments with large terrain changes, such as afforestation in wild mountains, greening on both sides of highways and railways, and economic forest planting.

In order to solve the above problems, some people have proposed a small water source irrigation technology without laying a water supply pipe, such as a water-saving irrigation bag disclosed in the patent of China Utility Model Publication No. CN2492060Y. It uses a water bag as a water storage bag, and a governor is connected to the outlet pipe, and the governor controls the water output. However, the use of such drip irrigation packages requires manual management during the use process and is not suitable for large-scale forest management projects.

Chinese utility model patent with publication number CN2364678Y discloses a drip irrigation bag. The utility model relates to a water conveying hose for sealing the water in a water storage bag through a front end, and opening a plurality of capillary holes in a sealed place or a pipe wall to direct water to a plant root. Although it achieves the purpose of simplicity and portability, it is impossible to achieve precise and stable control of water supply only by a few thin tube holes opened at the seal or on the pipe wall, and because of the lack of simple and effective water control methods, Can not be widely used. The defects are mainly manifested in: (1) Under the existing technical conditions, it is very difficult to accurately make small holes of the required size on general water delivery pipes, and the smaller the more difficult it is to be precise. The amount of water coming out of a container that constantly emits water every moment will have a great impact. Therefore, depending on the size of the openings to control the water output, it can only be within a very general water supply category, and it is difficult to be precise. (2) As the water in the water storage bag is continuously drained, the pressure is continuously reduced, which will directly affect the water flow rate. In addition, when planting in the wild, Too long exposure time in the water storage bag will cause the water temperature in the bag to be too high and cause damage to the plants. This requires covering the sunshade or burying it in the ground, which will increase the magnitude of the pressure change and make the water Traffic changes even more.

In the 1990s, the capillary irrigation method for plants was also proposed.

CN1064987A, CN1329819A, CN1347638A Chinese invention patents. However, in these prior arts, the capillary tube is used as a suction pipe and a water conveying pipe, that is, only the influence of the surface tension of water on the capillary tube is recognized, and other related factors affected by the movement and stationary of water in the capillary tube are not recognized. Such as: the special effect of capillary surface tension, the effect of water pressure changes on the water flow in the capillary, and the effect of changes in capillary length on the water flow. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the principle of capillary action is lacking. Therefore, the irrigation methods and devices mentioned in these inventions cannot control the influence of pressure changes within an acceptable range, perform automatic water control without manual management, and cannot accurately determine the release according to the surrounding environmental conditions (soil, pressure). Water speed. Summary of the Invention

An object of the present invention is to provide a quantitative water-controlling wide pipe, which can accurately control the influence of a large external pressure change on water within an allowable range.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a quantitative water control valve tube, which can prevent water from flowing freely through the water control valve tube when irrigation is not performed.

The object of the present invention is also to provide an infiltrator that can automatically and quantitatively irrigate plants by using the above-mentioned water-controlling wide tube.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for quantitative water control, which can quantitatively control the water flow in the process of infiltration irrigation, and ensure that the plants are fully irrigated for a certain period of time.

The inventors found through a large number of experiments that when water flows out of the outlet of a very thin pipe, the direction of surface tension formed on the surface of the water head is opposite to the direction of the pressure flow of water in the thin tube, which can prevent water from flowing out of the thin tube within a certain pressure range. The thin tube can prevent the pressure of water from flowing out to a certain extent, and it acts as a water valve. When the very thin tube contacts other porous media (such as soil), the water head at the water outlet of the tube The surface tension is destroyed, and it continuously flows out under the action of the surface tension formed by the capillary in the porous medium, which plays the role of opening the water valve. The container releases water through the ultra-thin tube, and the water release rate is proportional to the length of the tube. It is inversely proportional to the number of tubes. Selecting an appropriate number and length of thin tubes can achieve the purpose of water valve adjustment. It was found through experiments that when the pore diameter of the thin tube was 200 microns, It can play a role in controlling water for a small number of irrigation water storage containers (within a storage pressure of 1500Pa) in the non-infiltration irrigation state; the smaller the hole diameter, the better the water control effect.

Based on the above principles, the present invention can adopt the following technical solutions to achieve the foregoing objectives.

A quantitative water control valve tube, which includes an outer layer and an inner core disposed in the outer layer, characterized in that the inner core is composed of a porous medium or capillary bundle acting as a capillary, and the porous medium or capillary bundle The maximum pore diameter ranges from G. 1-200 microns, and the length of the water control valve tube is at least 100 times the maximum pore diameter of the porous medium or capillary bundle. (For the measurement method of the maximum pore diameter, please refer to China National Standard GB / T 1967-1996).

In the present invention, the outer layer of the water control valve tube may be a pipe material that acts as a barrier, or it may be formed after the inner layer of the inner core that acts as a capillary is blocked after treatment, thereby blocking the extravasation of the inner core water. The tubular protective layer has the function of ensuring that water passes from the inlet end through the inner core to the outlet end, so that the porous medium or capillary bundle in the inner core plays a role of controlling water.

The inner core of the water control valve tube in the present invention should be a hydrophilic porous medium or a capillary bundle.

The above-mentioned inner core is a water control valve tube structure with porous media or capillary bundles having a large number of capillaries. On the one hand, the large surface tension in the capillaries is used to guide water from the water inlet to the water outlet; on the other hand, the capillary tube wall acts on the The force of the liquid and its surface controls its flow.

Selecting a water control valve tube with a larger maximum aperture is beneficial to the absorption of water by the roots of the plant, but the effect of pressure changes on the water flow is increased; too small a maximum aperture will greatly increase the pressure resistance of the water control valve tube. , But it will also make it difficult for plants to absorb water. In the present invention, the range of the maximum pore diameter of the porous porous or capillary bundle may be preferably 0.1 μm to 50 μm. The range of the maximum pore diameter of the porous medium or capillary bundle may be further preferably from 0.1 to 20 microns. 1- 5 米。 The range of the maximum pore diameter of the porous medium or capillary bundle may be further preferably from 0.1 to 5 meters. The maximum pore size of the porous medium or capillary bundle is preferably in the range of 1-5 microns. In this way, the water control valve tube can not only provide the water that plants can absorb, but also reduce the effect of pressure changes on the water flow more effectively.

Further, in the non-infiltration irrigation state of the quantitative water control valve tube of the present invention, the resistance caused by the surface tension of the water at the outlet end is greater than or equal to the pressure to make the water flow out. In this way, since the water control valve pipe of the present invention is in a non-percolation irrigation state, the resistance caused by the surface tension of the water at the water outlet end is greater than or equal to the pressure that causes the water to flow out. Therefore, the water outlet end of the water control valve Water will not flow out, and a certain value of pressure at the water inlet will not cause the water in the water control valve pipe to flow out of the water control valve pipe or less, and the water outlet end of the water control valve pipe comes in contact with soil. Under the action of soil capillary force, water will stably flow from the water control valve tube. Exudate. This not only achieves a fully automatic water supply of independent small water sources and zero energy consumption for long-term irrigation, but also provides extremely convenient conditions for wild water storage, transportation, construction and planting, making independent small water sources a new irrigation method. Can be widely used at low cost.

The invention can further cover the end face of the water outlet end of the water control valve pipe with a porous hydrophobic substance, or modify the end face to make it have water repellent properties, so as to prevent the connection due to the liquid level on the adjacent pores. The resulting surface tension decreases, so that the water control effect of the water control valve pipe is more effectively exerted.

In addition, since the water control valve tube in the present invention guides water from the water inlet to the water outlet through the capillary action of its inner core, the water channel is relatively small, just like the capillary action in the soil, but it is not easy to block. The test proves that even if the muddy water is used for the water control valve pipe of the present invention, the water control valve pipe cannot be blocked.

In the present invention, preferably, the length of the water control valve tube may be 400 times or more than 400 times the maximum pore diameter of the porous medium or the capillary bundle, so as to further reduce the effect of the pressure change at the water inlet end of the water control valve tube on the seepage speed. Influence, improve the accuracy of quantitative water control.

The above-mentioned quantitative water control valve tube of the present invention can be connected to a water storage container to constitute a quantitative permeator. It includes a water storage container and a water control valve tube connected to the water storage container and communicating with the inner cavity of the water storage container. The water control valve tube includes an outer 'cladding layer and an inner core disposed in the outer layer. The inner core of the water control valve tube is composed of a porous medium or capillary bundle that plays a capillary role, and the maximum pore diameter of the porous medium or capillary tube ranges from 0.1 to 200 microns, and the length of the water control valve tube is at least porous. 100 times the maximum aperture of the shield or capillary bundle.

In this way, it is only necessary to bury the infiltration device with a water control valve pipe into the soil, and it is not necessary to lay a water supply pipe to send water to the plant root system, and then periodically replace the water storage container or replenish the water storage container with water regularly. Just fine.

The water storage container in the quantitative percolation device of the present invention may be provided with a socket, and the water inlet end of the water control valve pipe may be inserted into the inner cavity of the water storage container through the socket, and the end face of the water inlet end may be further A sharp bevel for easy insertion.

Further, the socket on the water storage container may be made of a material with good elasticity, such as rubber.

As an implementable embodiment, the water storage container is provided with a water inlet for pouring water into the water storage container, a flange is provided around the water inlet, and a rubber plug with good elasticity is provided in the flange. The rubber plug may be provided with an opening to form the socket. In the present invention, two or more water control valve pipes may be connected to the water storage container, and the water outlet ends of the multiple water control valve pipes may contact different locations of the same plant for irrigation, or Multiple plants are irrigated at the same time.

The present invention also provides a quantitative water control method using the water-control gang tube. The method includes the following steps:

A. Select a water control valve tube with a length of L0 and a cross-sectional area of SO. The maximum diameter of the capillary tube corresponds to the ambient pressure.

B. Determine the release speed of the water control valve tube in the natural state and the shortest release speed under the maximum water supply pressure to obtain the release speed range V0 of the water control valve tube;

C. According to the required release speed range V, obtain the required length L and cross-sectional area S of the water-control gang tube according to the following relationship:

(1) the release speed V is inversely proportional to the length L of the water-controlling wide tube;

(2) The placement speed V is proportional to the cross-sectional area S of the water control valve tube;

D. Connect the water control valve pipe that meets the dry discharge speed to the water storage container, and the water outlet end of the valve should contact the soil near the root system of the plant for quantitative infiltration irrigation.

Here, the cross-sectional area of the water control valve tube should be understood as the number of capillaries contained therein. A change in the area means a change in the number of capillaries therein, and further results in a change in the release rate (ie, the flow rate) of water.

In the above step C, the cross-sectional area S of the fixed control valve tube is unchanged, and the required length L of the control valve tube is obtained according to the following formula:

L = (VO x LO) / V

Intercept according to the required length to obtain the required water control valve tube.

In the above step C, the length of the water control valve pipe can also be fixed, and the required cross-sectional area S of the water control valve pipe can be obtained according to the following formula:

S = (V x SO) / vo.

Obtain the required water control valve tube according to the required cross-sectional area. This method is generally applicable when the required water control speed range is an integer multiple of the measured water control range, and a corresponding multiple of water control valve tubes are used according to the multiple.

In step A, the selection of the maximum diameter of the water-controlling wide pipe can be determined according to the following relationship between the required water supply and the maximum diameter: The larger the maximum aperture, the greater the magnitude of the impact of pressure changes on the water supply, and the greater the change in water supply. Conversely, the smaller the maximum aperture, the smaller the magnitude of the impact of pressure on the water supply, and the smaller the change in water supply.

In this way, since the water release rate of the water control valve pipe in the present invention can be determined by intercepting the water control valve pipe of a corresponding length or selecting a corresponding number of water control valve pipes, the water control valve pipe can limit limited water. It is relatively stable and slowly distributed over a long period of time (one month to six months or longer). It automatically supplies plant roots for absorption, which solves the bottlenecks that impede the survival of wild afforestation for a long time. The successful application of technology provides effective technical support.

In addition, during the water release process of the percolation device of the present invention, as the water in the ice storage container gradually decreases, the pressure of the water inlet of the water control valve pipe is smaller, and the water release rate is slower. The release rate of water is gradually decreasing. This is exactly in line with the relatively large amount of water required by the plant when it was just planted (at this time, the soil pressure and the rate of water release are the highest), and thereafter the water demand is relatively reduced. The actual water supply time is longer than the time to maintain the maximum pressure. This actual water supply time can be measured by the pressure curve. The larger the maximum aperture, the greater the magnitude of the impact of pressure changes on the water supply, and the greater the change in water supply. Conversely, the smaller the maximum aperture, the smaller the magnitude of the impact of pressure on the water supply, and the smaller the change in water supply. The change in the amount of water supply corresponds to the change in pressure. Therefore, as long as the pressure change curve under a certain hole diameter can be grasped, a water-controlling wide pipe that can meet the requirements of water supply time can be accurately manufactured. . BRIEF DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a water control valve tube according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view of another structure of the water control valve tube of the present invention;

Figure 3 A-A sectional view of the water control valve tube of the present invention;

4 is another sectional view of A-A of the water control valve tube of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the basic structure of the quantitative infiltration device of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another implementation structure of the water control valve tube of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a second implementation of the quantitative infiltration device of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a third embodiment of the quantitative infiltration device of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a water storage container of a third embodiment of the quantitative infiltrating device of the present invention; FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a water delivery pipe with a water control valve pipe in the present invention; FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a fourth implementation structure of the infiltrating device of the present invention; FIG.

Fig. 12 Schematic diagram of the force analysis of liquid in the capillary when the capillary is suspended; Fig. 13 Schematic diagram of the force analysis of liquid in the capillary when the capillary contacts the capillary medium. detailed description

As shown in Figs. 1-4, the present invention provides a quantitative water control valve tube 1, which includes an outer cover layer 11 and an inner core 12 disposed in the outer cover layer 11. The inner core 12 is formed by a porous porous capillary. The medium 121 or the capillary bundle 122 is formed, and the maximum pore diameter of the porous medium 121 or the capillary bundle ranges from 0.1 to 200 microns, and the length of the water control valve pipe 1 is at least 100 times the maximum pore diameter of the porous medium 121 or the capillary bundle 122. . (For the measurement method of the maximum pore diameter, please refer to the Chinese National Standard GB / T 1967-1996).

Generally, the capillary diameter of the drip irrigation dripper is 0.5-1.2 mm, the dripper flow rate is 1.5-I ² liters per hour, and the water supply pressure is greater than 0.3 MPa. Starting from the realization of long-term continuous and stable water release, the present invention conducts a large number of experiments to select a suitable capillary inner diameter and the length of the water control valve pipe 1, and selects from them the ability to draw water from the capillary within the absorption range of the plant root system, and 1 微米 -200 微米。 Can play at least under normal pressure (generally in the natural state of the pressure of the water storage bag can be reduced to less than 1000 Pa) under the capillary to prevent water from flowing out of the inner diameter range of 0.1 micron -200 microns. It can make the degree of influence of the pressure change of the water inlet of the water control valve 1 on the water seepage speed within the range allowed by the plant micro-irrigation technology.

Choosing the water-control gang tube 1 with a larger maximum aperture is beneficial to the absorption of water by the plant root system, but the impact of pressure changes on the water flow is also increased. Although the maximum aperture is too small, the pressure resistance of the water-control valve tube 1 will be greatly improved. But it will also make it difficult for plants to absorb water. Therefore, the range of the maximum pore diameter of the porous medium 121 or the capillary bundle 122 is preferably from 0.1 to 50 microns. The range of the maximum pore diameter of the porous medium 121 or the capillary bundle 122 may be further preferably 0.1-20 microns. The range of the maximum pore diameter of the porous medium 121 or the capillary tube bundle 122 may be more preferably 0, 1-5 microns. It has been proved through a large number of experiments that the range of the maximum pore diameter of the porous medium 121 or the capillary bundle 122 is optimally 1-5 microns. In this range, there is no need to manually adjust the water supply flow or maintain the water supply pressure. The flow can be controlled to be relatively small, and the water can be continuously supplied while ensuring the water source.

Since the water control valve pipe 1 in the present invention guides water from the water inlet to the water outlet through the capillary action of its inner core 12, the water channel is relatively small, just like the capillary action in the soil, but it is not easy to block. The test proves that even if the muddy water is used in the water control valve pipe 1 of the present invention, The water valve pipe 1 is blocked.

In the present invention, preferably, the length of the water control valve tube 1 may be 400 times or more than 400 times the maximum pore diameter of the porous medium 121 or the capillary tube bundle 122 to further reduce the water inlet end 14 of the water control valve tube 1. The effect of pressure change on water seepage speed improves the precision of quantitative water control.

The definition of the maximum pore diameter in the present invention is: a capillary pore diameter equivalent to the restrictive force on water produced by the porous medium 121 or the capillary bundle 122, and the restrictive force on water is reflected in the inner core of the water control valve tube which can withstand water Maximum pressure. For example, when the pressure on the 12-end of the inner core of the water control valve tube 1 exceeds 3000 Pa, water will be squeezed out (or sucked out) from the other end, and the maximum diameter of the water in the capillary tube can withstand this pressure without causing water to flow If it is 100 micrometers, the maximum pore diameter of the porous medium 121 or capillary bundle 122 of the inner core is 100 micrometers. What needs to be explained here is that the restriction force of the capillary bundle on water is affected by the largest pore capillary, so the maximum pore diameter of the water control valve tube 1 with the capillary bundle as the inner core is equal to the largest capillary pore diameter in the capillary bundle; When the valve tube 1 releases water in the soil, other small-aperture capillaries also play a role. Therefore, in order to facilitate the grasp of the water control and release laws of the water control valve, if the capillary tube is selected as the inner core 12 of the water control valve tube 1 of the present invention, it is better to select a capillary tube 122 composed of capillary tubes of the same aperture. Since the inner diameter and the length of the capillary tube 1 in the valve tube 1 are completely the same, the water control function of each capillary tube is exactly the same. In this case, the maximum diameter of the water control valve tube 1 is equal to the capillary diameter of the water control valve tube 1. The 200 micrometer jujube maximum pore diameter experiment used in the present invention is a water control valve tube composed of 1.0 200 micrometer pore size capillaries. The maximum pore diameter is the same as the capillary pore size.

Further, the maximum pore size of the porous medium 121 or the capillary bundle 122 described in the present invention can satisfy: The maximum surface tension that can be formed by the water at the water outlet 13 of the water control valve tube 1 in the non-percolation irrigation state along the tube The component force in the wall direction is greater than or equal to the pressure of the water in the pipe wall direction.

In the present invention, the outer layer 11 of the water control valve tube 1 may be a pipe material that acts as a barrier, or it may be treated to block the outer layer of the inner core 12 that functions as a capillary, thereby blocking the outer moisture of the inner core 12 The role of the tubular protective layer formed by infiltration is to ensure that water passes from the inlet end through the inner core 12 to the outlet end, so that the porous medium 121 or capillary bundle 122 in the inner core 12 plays a role of controlling water.

In this way, the above-mentioned inner core 12 is a water control valve pipe structure having a porous medium 121 or a capillary bundle 122 having a plurality of capillaries. On the one hand, the larger surface tension in the capillary is used to guide water from the water inlet to the water outlet; The force exerted by the capillary wall on the liquid and its surface controls its flow. Such as It shows that when the liquid flows out of the outlet of the capillary tube, the direction of the component force Fly of the surface tension F1 formed along the tube wall in the direction of the pipe wall and the direction of the pressure P of the water flowing under pressure in the thin tube (that is, the water flowing under pressure) In the opposite direction, it becomes the resistance of water outlet, which can prevent water from flowing out of the capillary tube within a certain pressure range. The capillary tube can prevent the pressure of water from flowing out to a certain extent, and it plays the role of closing the water valve. As shown in Fig. 12, when the capillary tube contacts other porous media (such as soil), the surface tension of the head at the outlet of the pipe is destroyed, and the surface tension F2 formed by the capillary tube in the porous medium along the direction of the tube wall becomes F2y. The direction of the gravitational force that causes the water to flow out is exactly the same as the direction N of the water flow. The water in the capillary tube continuously flows out under the action of the component force F2y, which plays the role of opening the water valve. Since the water control valve pipe 1 of the present invention is in a non-percolation irrigation state, the surface tension formed by the water at the water outlet 13 of the water pipe Π in the direction of the pipe wall is greater than or equal to the pressure P of the water in the direction of the pipe wall. The water outlet 13 of the water control valve pipe 1 will not allow water to flow out before touching the soil, and a certain value of pressure at the water inlet 14 will not cause water in the water control valve pipe to flow out of the water control valve pipe or rarely. After the water outlet end of the water control valve tube contacts the soil, water will stably seep out of the water control valve tube 1 under the action of the soil capillary force F2. This not only achieves a fully automatic water supply of independent small water sources and zero energy consumption for long-term irrigation, but also provides extremely convenient conditions for wild water storage, transportation, construction and planting, making independent small water sources a new irrigation method. Can be widely used at low cost. .

In the present invention, since the water control valve tube 1 is a water supply channel, it is obvious that the porous medium 121 or the capillary bundle 122 constituting the inner core 12 of the water control valve tube 1 should be made of a hydrophilic material. However, in order to prevent the surface tension from being lowered due to the connection of the liquid surface on the adjacent pores, as shown in FIG. 2, the end face of the water outlet 13 of the water control valve pipe 1 may be covered with a porous hydrophobic substance 16, or The end surface is modified to make it have water-repellent properties, so that the water control effect of the water control valve pipe is more effectively exerted, and the free flow of water in a non-irrigated state is prevented.

The typical data in the experiments performed are listed in Table 1. Maximum pore water storage capacity Min pipe shut-off valve length Bairan state increase lOOOPa influence degree maximum resistance

(W) (kg) Area Release time Pressure during pressure release

(mm ² ) (cm) (days) (%)

(Day) (MPa)

200 5 10 pieces 50 20.9 10.3 Within 50 0.0015

100 5 1 50 57.2 43.7 Within 25 0.003

25 29.1 22.1

2 50 29.9 22.5

50 5 2 50 75.5 64.8 Within 14 0.006

25 38.1 32.7

4 50 37.8 32.4

25 19.4 16.7

20 1 1 20 80.2 75.2 7 Within 0.015

10 40.9 38.3

2 20 41.3 39.1

10 20.4 19.3

0.8 (aperture 1.66 1.55

400 times)

0.2 (pore diameter 153 minutes 135 minutes

100 times) 12

10 1 3 20 103.3 99.7 Within 4 0.03

10 51.9 50.1

6 20 51.3 49.3

5 1 6 10 102.4 101.1 Within 2 0.06

5 51.7 50.9

12 10 52.1 51.3

5 26.1 25.7

2 1 20 2 43.3 42.9 Within 1 0.15

40 1 21.9 21.7

1.5 1 20 1 36.8 36.7 Within 0.5 0.2

1 1 50 0.5 59.7 59.5 0.35 or less 0.3

0.1 1 100 0.1 73.2 Within 73.18 0.035 3 The two sets of typical experimental data are further explained below:

Experiment 1: The maximum aperture of water control valve tube 1 is 20 microns, and the cross-sectional area of water control valve tube 1 is 1 square meter. When the length of 20 cm is intercepted, when the water outlet of water control valve tube 1 completely contacts the soil, it can be guaranteed 1 kg of water was left to dry under natural conditions for 80.2 days; under the above conditions, when the pressure of 1 000 Pa was continuously increased, the release time was shortened to 75.2 days, and the rate of release of water was affected within 7%; and When the interception length is shortened by half to 10 cm, the natural release time of 1 kg of water is also shortened by half to 40.9 days, and the continuous increase in pressure l OOOPa is also shortened by half to 38.3 days. The affected rate of water release rate is also Within 7%. It can be seen that at this maximum aperture, although the water release rate is sensitive to pressure changes to 7%, the influence of the length of the water control valve tube 1 is more decisive, and its length is in inverse linear relationship with the flow rate. Under the same conditions, the water release time can be accurately determined by selecting the length of the water control valve tube. For example, under the above-mentioned pressure conditions of OOOPa, if the water release time is extended to 1 Q0 days by lightning, it is only necessary to intercept the water control valve pipe 1 of a length of 26. 6 cm. The longer the water control valve tube 1 is, the more accurate the corresponding relationship between the length and the water release rate is. The shorter the water control valve tube 1 is, the greater the error is. When it is determined that the length of the water control valve tube 1 is more than 100 times its maximum aperture, the length and release The error of the water speed correspondence is within an acceptable range. For example, under the above-mentioned maximum aperture conditions, the water control valve tube cannot be shorter than 0.2 cm.

Let's look at the effect of the length on the flow rate experiment: When one kilogram of water passes through a 20-micron aperture, the length of the water control valve tube is 400 times the aperture, that is, 0.8CM, the natural state # put time is 1. 66 days; when continuously increasing l OOOPa When it is under pressure, its release time is 1.55 days, and the degree of influence by pressure is within 7%, which is similar to that of the same pressure 'force on a wide water control tube with the same aperture above the length; the same one kilogram of water in At this aperture, the length of the water control valve tube is 100 times the aperture, that is, the length is 0.2 cm, and the natural release time is 153 minutes. When the pressure of 1000 Pa is continuously increased, the dry release time is 135 minutes, which is affected by the pressure. It reaches 12%, which is greatly different from the same pressure effect on the water control valve pipe with 400 times the aperture length or more at the same aperture, but its value is still within the acceptable range.

When the water outlet of the water control valve pipe does not contact the soil (when suspended), the water inlet of the water control valve pipe 1 is under a pressure of 15000Pa, the water in the water control wide pipe 1 will not be squeezed out from the water outlet. This means that when transported within this pressure, water will not flow even if the outlet of the water control valve pipe is not closed.

When the maximum aperture of the water control valve pipe 1 is unchanged, and the cross-sectional area of the water control valve pipe 1 is doubled to 2 square millimeters, when the length of the water control valve pipe 1 is completely contacted with the soil when the 20 cm length is intercepted, 1 The kilograms of water are released 41.3 days under natural placement, and the water release time is equivalent to the water release time of the same maximum-aperture water control valve tube with a length of 1 square millimeter and 10 cm in length. When the pressure of 1000 Pa is continuously increased under the above conditions, The release time was shortened to 39.1 days; when the interception length was shortened by half to 10 cm, the natural release time of 1 kg of water was also reduced by half to 20.4 days, and the continuous increase in pressure l OO OPa release time was also reduced by half to 19 3 days, the release rate was affected within 7%. It can be seen that the influence of the cross-sectional area of the water control valve tube on the water release speed has the same significance as the length, except that its cross-sectional area is proportional to the flow rate. That is, as long as the relevant conditions are unchanged, the area of the water control valve tube can also be selected. Accurately determine the water release time. The reason is that the cross-sectional area of the water control valve tube 1 is composed of a large number of capillary pores, and the doubling of its area means that the number of capillary tubes contained in it also doubles, so its water release must also double. However, the selection of the cross-sectional area and length of the water control valve tube 1 has a different role in use: The cross-sectional area of the water control valve tube 1 has been determined at the time of production, and the corresponding cross-sectional area can only be selected within the approximate water supply range during afforestation. The length of the water control valve pipe 1 can be arbitrarily intercepted according to the needs during the afforestation to achieve the purpose of accurately releasing water as required.

Experiment 2: The maximum diameter of the water control valve pipe is 5 microns, and the cross-sectional area of the water control valve pipe is 6 square millimeters. When the length of the water control valve pipe is 10 cm, when the water outlet of the water control valve pipe completely contacts the soil, 1 kg of water can be guaranteed. Under natural conditions, release 102.4 days; Under the above conditions, when the pressure of 100 Pa is continuously increased, the # release time is only shortened to 101.1 days, and the rate of release of water is affected within 2%; and the interception length When shortened by half to 5 cm, the natural release time of 1 kg of water was also shortened by half to 51.7 days, and the continuous increase of l O OOPa also shortened the release time by half to 50.9 days, and the affected rate of water release rate was also 2%. Within. It can be seen that at this maximum pore size, the effect of the pressure of 100 OPa on the flow rate has been very small. Its length is inversely linear with the flow rate. Under the condition of the maximum aperture, the water control valve tube cannot be shorter than 0.05 cm, and the error of the correspondence between the length and the water release speed is within an acceptable range. When the water outlet of the water control wide pipe does not contact the soil (when suspended), when the water inlet of the water control valve is under a pressure of 60,000 Pa, the water in the water control valve will not be squeezed out from the water outlet, which means that Transport within this pressure, even if the water outlet of the water control valve pipe is not closed, water will not flow out.

When the maximum aperture of the water control valve pipe 1 is unchanged, and the cross-sectional area of the water control valve pipe 1 is doubled to 12 square millimeters, when the length of the water control valve pipe 1 is completely contacted with the soil when the water outlet of the water control valve pipe is completely contacted with a length of 10 cm, The water is released 52.1 days under natural placement, and its release time is equivalent to the release time of the same maximum-aperture control valve pipe with a length of 6 square meters and a length of 5 centimeters. When the pressure of lOO OPa is continuously increased under the above conditions, The release time is shortened to 51.3 days; and when the interception length is shortened by half to 5 cm, the natural release time of 1 kg of water is also reduced by half to 26.1, and the sustained increase in pressure l OOOPa release time is also reduced by half to 25. In 7 days, the impact of water release rate was within 2%. From the above two sets of actual results, although the pressure change has a greater impact on the flow rate when the maximum aperture is larger, as long as the range of the pressure change can be determined, by selecting a water control valve tube with an appropriate cross-sectional area and accurately measuring its length, released water can be accurately given, in this sense even a larger maximum pore size _(which controls the flow control valve of the pipe 1 are accurate. Thus, for a larger amount of water and small water supply pressure changes, Water control valve pipe 1 with larger diameter can be selected; For water supply with smaller water supply or large pressure change, water control valve pipe 1 with smaller diameter can be selected. Of course, increase or decrease water control valve pipe 1 The number of middle capillaries (expressed as the increase or decrease in the cross-sectional area of the water control valve tube) can also directly affect the water supply of the water control valve tube. Here the flow rate is proportional to the cross-sectional area of the water control valve tube 1, which is in the production of the water control valve tube 1 hour has been determined; in use, it should be within the maximum water supply range that the water control valve pipe 1 can effectively control, and the length of the corresponding water control valve pipe 1 should be intercepted according to the water demand of the plant and the expected water supply time. 1 and the flow rate is inversely proportional to the length of the tube.

The soil used in the above experiment is light loam on the Loess Plateau. In this experiment, the water control valve tubes with the same maximum pore diameters and different cross-sectional areas must be made of porous media of the same material, so they are comparable.

Based on the above test results, the present invention provides the following quantitative water control method: The method includes the following steps:

A. Select the water control valve tube 1 whose length is L0 and the cross-sectional area is SO, and the maximum diameter of the capillary tube corresponds to the ambient pressure;

B. Determine the release speed of the water control valve tube 1 in the natural state and the shortest release speed under the maximum water supply pressure to obtain the release speed range V0 of the water control valve tube 1;

C. According to the required release speed range V, obtain the required length L and cross-sectional area S of the water control valve tube according to the following relationship:

(2) the release speed V is proportional to the cross-sectional area S of the water control valve tube;

D. Connect the water control valve tube 1 that meets the release speed to the water storage container 2 and its water outlet end 13 contacts the soil near the plant root system for quantitative infiltration irrigation.

As described in Test 1 and Test 2 above, in the actual application process, in order to facilitate the comparison to obtain a suitable water control valve tube 1, in the above step C, the cross-sectional area S of the water control valve tube 1 can be fixed, The formula described above is used to obtain the required length L of the water control valve pipe 1:

L = (VO x LO) / V

Then, the required water control valve pipe 1 is intercepted according to the required length. As another optional implementation manner, in the step c, the water control valve pipe may also be fixed.

The length of 1 is unchanged, and the required sectional area S of the water control valve pipe 1 is obtained according to the following formula:

S = (V x S0) / V0.

Then, the required water control valve pipe 1 is obtained according to the required cross-sectional area. As described in Test 1 and Test 2, this method is generally applicable when the required water control speed range is an integer multiple of the measured water control range, and the corresponding multiples of water control valve tubes are used according to the multiple.

Further, as described above, in step A, the selection of the maximum diameter of the capillary in the water control valve tube 1 can be determined according to the following relationship between the change in the required water supply and the maximum diameter:

The larger the maximum aperture, the greater the magnitude of the impact of pressure changes on the water supply, and the greater the change in water supply. Conversely, the smaller the maximum aperture, the smaller the magnitude of the impact of pressure on the water supply, and the smaller the change in water supply.

In this way, as long as the pressure change curve under a certain aperture can be grasped, a water control valve pipe that meets the requirements of the water supply time can be accurately manufactured.

As shown in Figs. 5-10, the present invention also provides a quantitative micro-irrigator using the water control valve tube, which includes a water storage container 2 and an inner cavity connected to the water storage container 2 and connected to the water storage container 2. The above-mentioned water-controlling wide tube 1 of China Unicom. The water-controlling valve tube 1 also includes an outer layer 11 and an inner core 12 provided in the outer layer 11. The inner core 12 of the water-controlling valve tube 1 is made of a porous material having a capillary effect. Medium 121 or capillary bundle 122, the maximum pore diameter of the porous medium 121 or capillary bundle 122 ranges from 0.1 to 200 microns, and the length of the water control valve tube 1 is at least 100 times the maximum pore diameter of the porous medium 121 or capillary bundle 122 Times. In this way, it is only necessary to bury the infiltrator with the water control valve pipe 1 into the soil, and it is not necessary to lay a water supply pipe to uniformly deliver water to the plant root system, and then periodically replace the water storage container 2 or supplement the water storage container 2 regularly Moisture is sufficient.

The water storage container 2 in the quantitative percolation device of the present invention may be provided with a socket 21 as shown in FIG. 5, and the water inlet end 14 of the water control valve pipe 1 may be inserted into the water storage container 2 through the socket 21. Cavity. As another alternative, it can also be screwed onto the water storage container 2. As shown in FIG. 6, the end surface of the water inlet end 14 can be an acute angled bevel. Compared with a flat end surface, it can more easily insert the water control valve tube 1 into the inner cavity of the water storage bag 2 through its socket 21. It is more convenient to introduce the water in the water storage bag 2 into the inner core 12 of the water control valve pipe 1.

The water outlet end 13 of the water control valve pipe 1 is open. Of course, the outer cover layer 11 of the water outlet end 13 can also be made to close the end of the water outlet end 13, and the end portion 13 can be provided with a engraved for easy tearing. Trace line, so that the portable micro-irrigator will not have water when it exceeds the upper limit of the pressure control of the water control valve during storage and transportation. From the water storage bag 2 through the inner core 12 of the water control valve tube 1 to seep from the water outlet end of the water control valve tube 1, when in use, just tear it along the score line of the water outlet end 13 of the outer cover. This method is applicable After the water is filled into the water storage bag in advance, it needs to undergo a large pressure change such as handling and stacking pressure.

In this application, the water storage bag 2 and the water control valve pipe 1 can also be made as two separate parts before installation and use. Before burying the water storage bag 2 in the soil, as mentioned above, according to the requirements of the environmental pressure change, select the appropriate control valve 1 with the largest aperture, according to the plant's required water release rate and soil condition, and refer to the above table. The data in the first section cuts the water control valve tube 1 to the corresponding length, and the capillary core 12 of the water outlet end 13 of the cut water control valve tube 1 will directly contact the soil. Due to the capillary effect of the soil, The water in the water bag 2 slowly penetrates into the soil, and plays a role of releasing water in a balanced manner.

Further, a socket 21 for inserting the water-controlling wide tube 2 under the water storage bag 2 shown in FIG. 7 is a rubber sealing area made of a rubber sealing material. Water can also be injected into the water storage container 2 from a water port 22 provided separately. Alternatively, the water inlet 22 may not be provided separately, but the water inlet 22 in FIG. 7 and the socket 21 into which the water supply control valve pipe 1 is inserted are combined into one. One. That is, after the water storage bag 2 is filled with water through the water inlet, the water inlet is sealed with a rubber sealing material to become a socket 21 made of a rubber sealing material. The inner end surface of the water control valve pipe 1 is cut into an acute angle section. Before use, the water control valve pipe 1 can be inserted into the socket 21 made of the rubber sealing material of the water storage bag 2 with an acute angled inclined water inlet end 14. It enters into the water storage bag 2 and becomes the micro-irrigator in the use state shown in FIG. Since the inserting end 14 of the water control valve pipe 1 has an acute angle bevel, it is easy to insert from the socket 21 made of a rubber sealing material, and because the rubber sealing material has sufficient elasticity, the water control valve pipe 1 is tightly hooped, so water is stored. The water in the bag 2 will not leak out from between the rubber sealing material and the water control valve tube.

As a further improvement of the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, as shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, the water inlet 22 of the water storage bag 2 may be slightly improved in structure to make it a water supply control valve on the water storage bag 2 The socket 1 is inserted into the tube 1. A flange having a certain height is formed at the water inlet of the water storage bag 2. After the water is injected into the water storage bag 2 from the water inlet, the elastic rubber plug 23 is inserted thereinto so that it does not leak tightly. The rubber stopper 23 may be provided with an opening constituting the socket 14. When in use, the water control valve tube 1 with an acute angle slope is inserted into the water storage bag 2 through the rubber stopper 23.

In the present invention, two or more water control valve pipes 1 can also be connected to the water storage container 2. The water outlet ends 13 of the multiple water control valve pipes 1 can be contacted at different positions of the root system of the same plant. Irrigation, or irrigating multiple plants simultaneously.

As shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, as another application of the water control valve tube of the present invention to the plant micro-irrigation technology One embodiment is to install it on a water supply pipe 3 that supplies water to plants as a water control valve that continuously and stably releases water to the roots of plants for a long time. The water pipe 3 has a hardness that does not hinder water flow due to deformation of soil pressure. First, select the appropriate maximum aperture valve valve according to the requirements of environmental pressure changes, and then cut the valve valve tube to the corresponding length according to the required water release rate of the plant, the soil condition, and refer to the data in Table 1 above. It is shown to be inserted into the end of the water pipe 3, preferably the outlet end 13 of the water control valve pipe 1 is at least flush with the water pipe 3 outlet end or exposed outside the water pipe 3, that is, its outlet end 13 can be directly In contact with the soil, the capillary force of the soil is used to introduce water from the water control valve pipe 1 into the soil to achieve the purpose of irrigation. Here you can choose the water control valve pipe 1, or just select the inner core 12 whose outer diameter is equivalent to the inner diameter of the water pipe 3 and insert it into the water outlet port of the water pipe 3, so that the inside of the end of the water pipe 3 is in close contact with the outside of the core 12 It becomes the outer layer of the inner core 12. By measuring the length of this outer layer, the water release time can be calculated. If the inlet end 14 of the water control valve pipe 1 is inserted into the water delivery pipe, the end face of the inlet end 14 is cut into an acute angle and the contact surface with water can be better.

As shown in FIG. 11, in this embodiment, two or more water conveyance pipes 3 may be further provided to irrigate different positions of the root system of the same plant, or to provide multiple plants at the same time. 〉 'Neither.

The above embodiments are specific implementations of the present invention, and are only used to describe the present invention, but not intended to limit the present invention. For example, if a nutrient substance or a medicine is put in a water storage container of the percolator of the present invention, the percolator of the present invention can also be made into a slow release device for plant solvents, which is used for long-term slow quantitative determination of soluble fertilizer drugs in agriculture and forestry Release supply.

Claims

Claim

1. A quantitative water-controlling wide tube, comprising an outer layer and an inner core disposed in the outer layer, characterized in that the inner core is composed of a porous medium or capillary bundle acting as a capillary, and the porous medium or capillary The maximum pore diameter of the bundle is in the range of 0.1-200 microns, and the length of the water control valve tube is at least 100 times the maximum pore diameter of the porous medium or capillary bundle.

2. A quantitative water control valve tube according to claim 1, wherein the maximum pore diameter of the porous medium or capillary bundle ranges from 0.1 to 50 microns.

3. A quantitative water control valve tube according to claim 1, wherein the maximum pore diameter of the porous medium or capillary bundle ranges from 0.1 to 20 microns.

4. A quantitative water control valve tube according to claim 1, wherein the maximum pore diameter of said porous medium or capillary bundle is in the range of 0.1 to 5 microns.

5. The quantitative water control valve tube according to claim 1, wherein the maximum pore diameter of the porous medium or capillary bundle is in the range of 1-5 microns.

6. A quantitative water control broad tube according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the length of the water control valve tube is at least 400 times the maximum pore diameter of the porous medium or capillary bundle.

7. A quantitative water-controlling wide tube according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the size of the largest pore diameter of the porous medium or capillary bundle satisfies: in a non-infiltration irrigation state, the water-controlling valve tube, The resistance caused by the surface tension of the water at the outlet end is greater than or equal to the pressure at which the water flows out.

8. A quantitative water control valve pipe according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the end surface of the water outlet end of the water control valve pipe is covered with a porous hydrophobic substance, or the end surface is modified to make it With hydrophobic properties.

9. A quantitative percolation irrigation device, comprising a water storage container and a water control valve tube connected to the water storage container and communicating with the inner cavity of the water storage container, the water control valve tube including an outer layer and provided on the outer layer 1-200 microns Inner core, characterized in that the inner core of the water control valve tube is composed of a porous medium or capillary bundle that plays a capillary role, and the maximum pore size of the porous medium or capillary bundle is in the range of 0.1-200 microns The length of the water-controlling wide tube is at least 100 times the maximum pore diameter of the porous medium or capillary bundle. .

10. A quantitative infiltration irrigator according to claim 9, characterized in that the maximum pore diameter of the porous medium or capillary bundle ranges from 0.1 to 50 microns.

11. A quantitative infiltration irrigation device according to claim 9, wherein the porous shield 1-20 微米。 Or the maximum pore size of the capillary bundle is in the range of 0.1-20 microns.

12. A quantitative water control valve tube according to claim 9, wherein the range of the maximum pore diameter of said porous medium or capillary bundle is Q. 1-5 microns.

13. The quantitative water control valve tube according to claim 9, wherein the maximum pore diameter of the porous medium or capillary bundle is in the range of 1-5 microns.

14. The quantitative percolation irrigation device according to any one of claims 9 to 13, wherein the length of the water control valve tube is at least 400 times the maximum pore diameter of the porous medium or capillary tube bundle.

15. The quantitative infiltration irrigation device according to any one of claims 9 to 14, wherein the size of the maximum pore diameter of the porous medium or capillary bundle satisfies: The water control valve tube is in a non-infiltration irrigation state The surface tension of the water at the outlet end is greater than or equal to the pressure at which the water flows out.

16. The quantitative infiltration irrigation device according to any one of claims 9-15, wherein the end surface of the water outlet end of the water control valve pipe is covered with a porous hydrophobic substance, or the end surface is modified. Treat it with hydrophobic properties.

17. The quantitative percolation device according to any one of claims 9-16, wherein the water control valve tube can be screwed, bonded, plugged or welded to a water storage container.

18. A quantitative percolation irrigation device according to any one of claims 9-17, wherein the water storage container is provided with a socket, and the water inlet end of the water control valve pipe passes through the socket It is inserted into the inner cavity of the water storage container and connected to the water storage container.

19. The quantitative infiltration irrigation device according to claim 18, wherein an end surface of the water inlet end of the water control valve pipe is further an acute angled inclined surface for easy insertion.

20. The quantitative infiltration device according to claim 19, wherein the socket on the water storage container can be made of a material with good elasticity.

21. A quantitative infiltration irrigation device according to claim 18 or 19, wherein the water storage container is provided with a water inlet for filling water into the water storage container, and a flange is provided around the water inlet A rubber plug with good elasticity is provided in the flange, and the rubber plug is provided with an opening to form the socket.

22. A quantitative infiltration irrigation device according to claim 9, characterized in that said water storage container can be connected with two or more water control valve tubes.

23. A quantitative infiltration irrigation device according to claim 9, wherein the water storage container can be provided with one or more water delivery pipes, and the water control valve pipe can be inserted into the water storage container. Aqueduct At the end, it controls ice.

24. A quantitative water control method using the water control valve pipe, characterized in that the method includes the following steps:

A. Select a capillary valve with a certain maximum diameter, its length is L0, and its cross-sectional area is SQ.

(1) the release speed V is inversely proportional to the length L of the water control valve tube;

D. Connect the water control valve pipe that meets the release speed to the water storage container, and the water outlet end of the water control valve should contact the soil near the root system of the plant for quantitative infiltration irrigation.

25. The method of quantitative water control according to claim 24, wherein in step C, the cross-sectional area S of the fixed water control valve pipe is unchanged, and the required water control valve pipe is obtained according to the following formula. Length L:

L = (VO LO) / V

26. The quantitative water control method according to claim 24, wherein in the step C, the length L of the fixed water control valve pipe is not changed, and the required cross-sectional area of the water control valve pipe is obtained according to the following formula. S:

S = (Υ S0) / V0 _o

Obtain the required water control valve tube according to the required cross-sectional area.

27. The quantitative water control method according to claim 24, wherein in step A, the selection of the maximum diameter of the water control valve tube can be determined according to the following relationship between the change in the required water supply and the maximum diameter: