WO2004061431A1 - ねずみ鋳鉄における黒鉛組織の判定方法と判定プログラム記録媒体および判定システム - Google Patents
ねずみ鋳鉄における黒鉛組織の判定方法と判定プログラム記録媒体および判定システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004061431A1 WO2004061431A1 PCT/JP2003/016803 JP0316803W WO2004061431A1 WO 2004061431 A1 WO2004061431 A1 WO 2004061431A1 JP 0316803 W JP0316803 W JP 0316803W WO 2004061431 A1 WO2004061431 A1 WO 2004061431A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
- G06T7/0004—Industrial image inspection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
- G06T2207/10056—Microscopic image
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
- G06T2207/30108—Industrial image inspection
- G06T2207/30136—Metal
Definitions
- the present invention analyzes the morphology of ⁇ flaky graphite ⁇ eutectic graphite or a mixed structure of the two found in the rat ⁇ iron structure and analyzes the shape (length and thickness of graphite), distribution, and density of graphite.
- the present invention relates to a method for quantitatively, easily and accurately determining characteristics unique to graphite structure with numerical values, and further relates to a medium recording a program for executing the method and a determination system. . Background art
- Examples of this type of technology include, for example, those described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-162648, “Hideo Nakae, et al. Judgment of Graphite Morphology by Fracture Surface Analysis ”, J. Eng., Japan Society for Eng. Engineering, Vol. 74, No. 200, No. 10, P644- 649.
- These conventional techniques (1) irradiating the fracture surface of iron with laser light and measuring its surface roughness, and (2) judging the shape and distribution of graphite contained in the iron structure from the state of the roughness. It is based on that.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and in particular, by effectively utilizing an existing image analysis device, for example, a graphite spheroidization ratio measuring device, etc., is to digitize the graphite structure in rats and iron.
- an existing image analysis device for example, a graphite spheroidization ratio measuring device, etc.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a technique that enables a quantitative, easy and accurate determination.
- the various graphite structures found in rats and iron are determined by the shape, large, small, long, short, somewhat, and thin of the graphite flakes that compose it, and whether or not their distribution is sparse or dense. However, there is a close relationship between the graphite morphology and the number of graphite flakes that constitute it, and if the number of graphite flakes is known, the morphology of the graphite tissue can be analogized.
- Rats are generally iron alloys containing 3 to 4% carbon and 2 to 3% silicon, but have a structure in which graphite of various shapes and sizes is dispersed in an iron matrix. ⁇
- the carbon in iron is divided into graphite carbon, which forms cementite with graphite carbon, and a small amount of carbon dissolved in the iron matrix.
- the graphite that can be seen by microscopic examination of the polished iron sample is the graphite carbon, and the cementite is visible in the pearlite that is seen by corroding the polished sample. Considering the small amount of solute carbon that cannot be directly seen, the way of the remaining graphite carbon and compound carbon determines the graphite structure of iron.
- the ratio of compound carbon is usually in the range of about 0.4 to 0.9%, and even if the total carbon amount increases, the amount of compound carbon Does not change much. In other words, the remaining portion of the total carbon content minus the compound carbon content becomes the graphite carbon, so if the total carbon content increases, the graphite carbon will increase accordingly, and as a result, the graphite area ratio in the iron base will increase. Increases.
- this graphite carbon during solidification depends mainly on the incorporation of metal, melting and pouring conditions, as well as the type of molten metal processing and Even if the chemical composition is the same, if these conditions change, the graphite structure will change greatly. However, in general, graphite grows and grows longer in thicker parts where the solidification rate is slower. Can be
- the present invention has been devised based on the expectation that there is a close relationship between the graphite structure form and the number of graphites constituting the structure.
- the invention according to claim 1 is a method for quantitatively determining the graphite structure of rodent-iron by an image analysis device, comprising: analyzing an enlarged image of the rodent-iron graphite structure; Extracting a non-spherical graphite of a specific size contained therein and calculating the number together with the area of each graphite; and calculating the thickness of the non-spherical graphite based on the calculated number and area of the graphite. Calculating the degree of fatness indicating the degree, and correlating the calculated number of graphite and the fatness and outputting both values as a determination result. I do.
- the image to be analyzed may be, for example, an image obtained by capturing an image of a graphite tissue microscopic image with an image sensor (CCD) such as a video camera or a digital camera, as described in claim 2, and in some cases. May be taken with a still camera or scanned with a scanner or the like.
- CCD image sensor
- the size of graphite to be extracted is specified using the diameter of a circle equal to the area of graphite or the maximum length of graphite, as described in claim 3.
- the size of the minimum graphite to be extracted when calculating the number of graphite is a circle having an area of 5 ⁇ in diameter. It shall be equivalent to the area or its maximum length shall be 10 / zm. More preferably, as described in claim 5, the size of the minimum graphite to be extracted when calculating the number of graphites has an area corresponding to the area of a circle having a diameter of 5 ⁇ m.
- the graphite in contact with the analysis screen frame is removed and eliminated.
- the number of graphites to be excluded or eliminated is counted, and then the graphite other than graphite to be excluded or eliminated is divided into a plurality of size categories including the specific size in one size category. Extract and count the number of each, and add the number of graphite to be excluded or eliminated to the number of graphite in proportion to the number of graphite in each other size category. Therefore, it is desirable to correct the number of extracted non-spherical graphite of a specific size in order to improve the analysis accuracy.
- the value obtained by dividing the total area of the graphite extracted as described in claim 7 by the total number of graphite is defined as the fatness, and more preferably, the number of graphite is calculated as described in claim 8.
- the area of graphite equivalent to 100 ⁇ m is determined, and the area obtained by dividing the area by 100 is taken as the typical graphite fertility of the graphite structure.
- the invention according to claim 9 is a computer-readable recording medium such as a CD-ROM or a flexible disk on which a program for executing each step according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is recorded. It is specified.
- the invention according to claim 10 specifies the above method as a system for quantitatively determining the graphite structure in mouse iron by image analysis.
- image analysis means 1 image input means 2 for inputting an enlarged image of rat graphite structure to the image analysis means 1, and display means for displaying analysis results It is assumed that 3 is provided.
- the image analysis means 1 performs image analysis on an enlarged image of the graphite structure of the rat-iron, extracts non-spherical graphite of a specific size contained in the graphite structure, and divides the number into individual parts.
- Graphite number / area calculation means 4 for calculating together with the graphite area
- fatness calculating means 5 for calculating the fatness indicating the degree of thickness of the non-spherical graphite based on the calculated number and area of graphite 5 And the calculated number of graphite and the fatness are correlated with each other, and both values are visually displayed on the display means 3 as the determination result. I do.
- the size of the minimum graphite to be extracted in calculating the number of graphite in the same manner as described in claim 5 is the area of a circle having a diameter of 5 ⁇ m. It is desirable to set it to.
- the image analysis means performs pre-processing of the image prior to extracting non-spherical graphite of a specific size.
- the number of graphite to be excluded and eliminated is counted.
- the number of graphites to be excluded and eliminated is calculated according to the ratio of the number of graphites in the other size categories. It is desirable to have means 13 (see Fig. 24) for correcting the extracted non-spherical graphite number of a specific size by proportionately adding to each graphite number.
- the maximum length of the graphite group extracted at the time of calculating the number of graphite is 50 ⁇ or more 150 ⁇ m / m
- the maximum length of individual graphite included in the length range less than Calculate the area, calculate the area of graphite corresponding to the maximum length of 1 ⁇ ⁇ based on those data, and divide the area by 100 to obtain the value of graphite representative of graphite structure. Fatness shall be assumed.
- the present invention it is possible to quantitatively and easily and accurately quantitatively determine the graphite tissue based on the number of graphite and the degree of fatness associated therewith, so that the result of the determination may vary due to individual differences.
- the reliability of the judgment result is high, and the effect is that the actual morphology of the graphite structure is reduced.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of the entire determination system as a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of a main part of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a procedure of a determination method as a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 4 is a flowchart showing the image analysis procedure for measuring the graphite spheroidization rate.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of an analysis result in the measurement of the graphite spheroidization rate of FIG.
- Figure 6 ⁇ is an explanatory diagram of the maximum diameter method for determining the graphite size.
- FIG. 6B is an explanatory diagram of the average diameter method for determining the graphite size.
- Figure 7 is a graph showing the number of detections by graphite shape and size.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of the graphite structure on the left side of the figure divided into graphite having a maximum diameter of less than 1 ⁇ and graphite having a maximum diameter of 1 ⁇ m or more.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the density of the graphite structure and the number of detected graphite.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the minimum graphite setting condition and the number of detected graphite.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the structure of rodent iron and the number of graphite.
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a difference in the degree of graphite thinning under the same structure of graphite.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram in which graphite by size is divided and displayed for a tissue having 90 graphite.
- FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram of multi-linked graphite that starts increasing around 150 ⁇ .
- FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing the results of measuring the length and area of individual graphite for a tissue having 90 graphite.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing the relationship between the graphite length (maximum diameter) and the graphite area for the structure of FIG.
- FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram showing a fatness display mode of hypothetical representative graphite having a length of 100 ⁇ m.
- Fig. 18 is an explanatory diagram three-dimensionally showing the distribution of the number of graphite in the cross section of the brake disc rotor in order to improve the construction method of the steel brake disc rotor.
- Fig. 19 is an explanatory diagram three-dimensionally showing the distribution of the number of graphite on the cross section of the brake disk rotor in order to optimize the molten metal treatment.
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 21 is an explanatory diagram comparing the graphite structures before and after excluding and erasing graphite in contact with the outer frame of the analysis screen.
- Fig. 22 is an explanatory diagram comparing the graphite structures before and after excluding and erasing graphite in contact with the outer frame of the analysis screen.
- FIG. 23 is an explanatory diagram of the graphite structure when the number of graphite to be excluded and eliminated is proportionally added because of contact with the outer frame of the analysis screen.
- FIG. 24 is a functional block diagram showing a modification of FIG. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a determination system according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 shows a functional block diagram of the determination system, respectively.
- It comprises a metal microscope 7 of the type, and a CCD camera (video camera) 8 as an image input means (imaging means) 2, etc., and an image captured by the CCD camera 8 is input through an input port 9.
- the image is taken into the image analyzer 20.
- the personal computer 6 has a built-in storage device such as a hard disk in addition to a CPU, ROM, and RAM, and has a predetermined image analysis software installed in advance and serves as an input means.
- a keyboard / mouse (not shown), a CRT display 10 as display means 3, a printer 11 as output means, and an external storage device 12 such as an MO are provided.
- the graphite structure of the rat to be determined is 100 times enlarged by the metallurgical microscope 7, and the microscopic screen is imaged by the CCD camera 8 and taken into the image analyzer 20.
- step S1 in FIG. 3 when an image is input to the image analyzer 20, the image is first binarized, and the iron base of the tissue is displayed in white and graphite is displayed in black (Ste S 2). At the same time, it is deleted to exclude the graphite that crosses (traverses) or is in contact with the outer frame of the analysis screen (step S3). Then, in step S4, the graphite area ratio is Only non-spherical graphite less than 54 percent is extracted and its number is calculated.
- Figs. 6A and 6B there are two ways to determine the size of graphite to be extracted, as shown in Figs. 6A and 6B.
- One is the size of graphite with the diameter of the circle inscribed in the longest part regardless of the area of graphite as shown in Fig. 6A (maximum diameter method), and the other is shown in Fig. 6B.
- it is a method (average diameter method) in which the diameter of a circle equal to the area of the graphite is defined as graphite size.
- the size of graphite to be extracted is determined to be 5 ⁇ m or more in average diameter, and as described above, non-spherical graphite having a graphite area ratio of less than 54% and having an average diameter of 5 ⁇ m. Only graphite with a size of ⁇ m or more is extracted, the number is calculated and displayed. However, instead of using the average diameter method, those with a maximum diameter (maximum length) of ⁇ 0 m or more may be extracted, and a maximum diameter of 10 / zm or more using both methods may be used. You may extract the thing whose average diameter is 5 jum or more. An example of the extracted graphite form is shown in the upper left of FIG. 13, and the number of detected graphite is, for example, 90.
- Fig. 13 the overall image of the graphite morphology is shown in the lower left part of the figure, where the maximum length is greater than 50; As described above, in the present embodiment, this is referred to as “thickness”, and it is further assumed that only graphite having a maximum length of 50 m or more and less than 150 m is used.
- Extract and measure the maximum diameter (maximum length) and area of each graphite Step S5 in Fig. 3).
- Fig. 15 shows the measured maximum length and area of each graphite
- Fig. 16 shows the distribution of graphite in a graph. Then, a value corresponding to the median of the length of each graphite is obtained from the relational expression of FIG.
- the area 1 0 6 ⁇ 2 is divided by the length 10 0 / im, which is 10.0 6 Is obtained, and is used as the fatness (step S6 in FIG. 3).
- the value of this fatness is equivalent to the width of the same rectangle assuming a rectangle with the same area and a length of 100 m, and is a numerical value that leads to a specific fatness image. be able to.
- the width of the virtual graphite 10.06 is rounded off to 10.1, which is added after the form of “number of graphite (thickness)”, that is, the value of the number of graphite 90 detected earlier. And display it visually with the notation "90 (10.1)" (step S7 in FIG. 3). As a result, it is possible to display not only the graphite form but also the fatness of the constituent graphite.
- the above series of arithmetic processing is executed by the function of the image analysis device 20 as shown in FIG.
- the existing graphite spheroidization was performed to determine whether the rat graphite structure evaluation and judgment method was appropriate and appropriate. Let's verify using a rate measuring device.
- Fig. 4 shows the processing procedure in the case of using a graphite spheroidization rate measuring device that has been widely used in the past.As is clear from the figure, when measuring the graphite spheroidization rate, was it spherical? Regardless of whether it is non-spherical or not, the size of all graphite in the imaging screen is determined by the specified size and the number of graphite is measured. Here, we attempted to quantitatively determine the flake graphite or eutectic graphite structure by effectively utilizing this counting function.
- the specification of the analysis result is as shown in Fig. 5, for example, and the number of detected graphite is displayed separately for spherical and non-spherical (flake) according to JIS standards.
- the maximum diameter method is specified by JIS, but both methods are meaningful, so both methods of the maximum diameter method and the average diameter method are used here. It shall be.
- FIG. 7 shows, as an example, the measurement results of the above-described intermediate graphite structure by graphite shape and size.
- Fig. 7 it is assumed that the size of graphite is extracted in several stages. For example, bell size l jum, 2 ⁇ 3 ⁇ , 5 ⁇ m ⁇ 10 ⁇ , 15 ⁇ m ⁇ The samples were classified into seven levels of each size of 20 m or more, and each was measured for both the maximum diameter and the average diameter. At the same time, the number of graphite detected is shown for each size section and for the total, and for spherical and non-spherical graphite.
- the number of graphite at the maximum diameter is large and the number of graphite at the average diameter is small in the relatively large size range, while the number of graphite at the average diameter is small in the small size range.
- the number of graphite at the maximum diameter is decreasing in many cases, this can be said to be natural in light of the difference in the definition of graphite size described above.
- the minimum graphite size is set to the limit of 1 ⁇ m or more, there is no difference from the case where all the graphite in the screen is measured regardless of the shape. Total The numbers are about 433 in the maximum diameter and about 436 in the average diameter, and both are almost the same number.
- the measurement results for the remaining two samples are not shown in the figure, but the number of graphite detected when the minimum graphite size is 1 ⁇ or more is the same as the large graphite structure.
- the maximum diameter is about 2 21 and the average diameter is about 2 23, and the eutectic graphite structure shows the maximum diameter of about 117 2 and the average diameter of about 1 1 76. They tend to be the same as those of organizations.
- a feature that is common to all samples is that the minimum graphite size is within the range of 5 to 1 ⁇ , and most of them are judged to be spheroidal graphite above. On the other hand, it was found that in the range below that, those judged as spheroidal graphite tended to increase.
- Fig. 8 shows the results of the divisional display at the maximum diameter.
- a total of 134 graphites were detected, but most were spherical or non-spherical.
- Such a distinction should be referred to as a point, a grain, or a small lump that is almost impossible with the naked eye. Even if it looks like graphite, it may actually be slag II.
- the purpose of the present invention is to clarify the difference by trying to differentiate between graphite structures It is in.
- point or granular graphite with a maximum diameter of less than 10 ⁇ and an average diameter of less than 5 ⁇ m does not contribute to image formation of the whole tissue, except for simple noise. 'It means nothing. Therefore, in the subsequent observations, only non-spherical graphite with a maximum diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more and an average diameter of 5 ⁇ m or more will be measured.
- Fig. 1 shows the relationship between the micrograph and the number of flake graphite detected for 10 tissue samples from No. l to No. 10 used earlier. It can be understood that there is a certain correlation between the characteristics of the graphite morphology of each tissue and the number of detected graphite.
- the display of the above No. l to No. 10 is represented by K ;; The number of non-spherical (flaky) graphite detected is also indicated in parentheses.
- the thickness and fineness of the individual graphite forming the graphite structure may be different, and these effects are not always sufficiently considered.
- the degree of thickness (thinness) of graphite Fig. 12 shows an example in which a significant difference in the degree of graphite thinning is observed if it is referred to as fatness.
- the number of graphite detected in each graphite structure shown in the figure is 90, but the difference in the fatness of each graphite is evident from the difference in the graphite area ratio. If there is such a difference, it is a matter of course that there is a difference in the mechanical properties of the mouse itself, as well as the iron itself. I have to say.
- the simplest method is to compare the total graphite area of each graphite because the number of graphites is the same, or to calculate the value obtained by dividing the total graphite area by the number of graphites, that is, the average area per graphite. Comparing is also effective. However, considering that the number of graphite is the same but the ratio of graphite by size is not the same, simple comparison of graphite area alone is not always appropriate.
- the maximum graphite length is 10 m or more and less than 50 ⁇ m, and the maximum graphite length is 50 ⁇ m or more and 15 ⁇ m or more.
- Figure 13 shows the distribution of the constituent graphite divided into three sizes of less than 0 ⁇ m and more than 150 ⁇ m.
- the upper left diagram in FIG. 13 is the same as the upper left diagram in FIG.
- the image of graphite fatness in this graphite tissue is mainly due to the graphite group with a maximum length of 50 / m or more and less than 150 ⁇ m. It is deemed decided.
- Fig. 15 shows the maximum diameter (maximum length) and area of each graphite in the above graphite group of 50 ⁇ m or more and less than 150 ⁇ m.
- Fig. 16 shows a graph of the graphite distribution. When Ru measuring the area in the case of 1 0 0 / zm from Figure of these the median length of the graphite becomes 1 0 0 6 // m 2.
- this numerical value is that the maximum length (maximum diameter) 100 / m of graphite, which should be considered representative of the graphite group, is determined from the data of the graphite group of 50 / m or more and less than 150 ⁇ m. Assuming that the area is calculated as 10 06 ⁇ m 2 , as shown in Figure 17, dividing the area 106 m 2 by 1 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ The result is 6. This value is equivalent to the width of the rectangle, assuming a rectangle having the same area and a length of ⁇ , and can be a numerical value that leads to an image of specific fertilization.
- the width of the virtual graphite 10.0.06 is rounded off to 10.1, and the value of the number of detected graphite 90 obtained earlier is added and added to the value of “90 (10.1)”.
- Fig. 18 shows a three-dimensional distribution of the number of graphite on the cross section of the brake disk rotor in order to improve the manufacturing method.
- the block for proper Fig. 19 shows a three-dimensional representation of the distribution of graphite number in the cross section of the rake disk rotor. It will be more effective if the value of the degree of fatness described above is described together with the numerical display of the graphite structure.
- the graphite that crosses or is in contact with the outer frame of the analysis screen during image analysis is The fact that they are excluded and deleted as non-measurement targets in the preprocessing stage is as described above (see step S3 in Fig. 3 and step S3 in Fig. 20). This is because graphite on the outer frame of the analysis screen is excluded or eliminated because it is not possible to determine the shape and size of the unseen part other than the part displayed on the screen. This operation is unavoidable for image analysis.
- a method for quantitative evaluation of flaky graphite structure in rodent iron is constructed.
- the analysis accuracy is important if the number of graphite particles differs from the actual one This is not good.
- Fig. 21 compares the state before and after exclusion and elimination of graphite crossing or touching the outer frame (measurement frame) of the analysis screen, as shown on the right side of the figure. When the graphite in contact with the outer frame is removed and erased, blank areas become noticeable in the portion of the screen near the outer frame. Then, since only the graphite remaining in the outer frame is to be measured, the obtained analysis result is a structure that is similar to the actual graphite structure but is partially different. Will be.
- rodent graphite-iron graphite is characterized by the fact that spheroidal graphite-iron graphite is spheroidal or similar to massive lumps, whereas the ratio of much thinner and longer graphite is higher than that. It is.
- the longer the flaky graphite the more the contact with the outer frame of the screen occurs, and the longer the graphite, the smaller the number of constituent graphite grains.As a result, the graphite structure containing the long graphite In this case, the proportion of graphite that is removed or eliminated because of contact with the outer frame increases.
- Fig. 22 shows a specific and prominent example of this.
- more than half of the actual lead was excluded or eliminated, and the graphite to be measured was clearly seen from the figure on the right side of the figure.
- the organization will be completely different from the original graphite structure so that it will not be completely reminiscent of the original graphite structure.
- this example is for an extremely long and large graphite structure, which is not seen in the ordinary FC-250 class graphite structure, but is nevertheless not so common in a general so-called A-type graphite structure.
- the outer frame of X480 / im it is inevitable that about 5 to 20% of graphite will be excluded or erased due to contact with the outer frame.
- the evaluation should include the exclusion and graphite that should be eliminated.
- the graphite remaining in the outer frame was counted in multiple size categories and counted.
- the graphite composition ratio for each size category is calculated, and the number of graphite to be excluded or eliminated is proportionally distributed according to the graphite composition ratio and added to add to the number of graphite in each size category.
- the contact ratio was excluded and the number of graphites to be eliminated was taken into account. It is possible to reproduce a composition ratio that is very similar to the total graphite composition of the original graphite structure.
- FIG. 23 shows an example of the specific procedure, and the processing in steps S1 to S3 in FIG. 20 is the same as that shown in FIG.
- step S4 non-spherical graphite having a graphite area ratio of less than 54% and an average diameter of 5 ⁇ m or more is distinguished from graphite of less than 5 ⁇ m as in FIG. Extract and count or calculate the number of each graphite.
- the number of graphite to be removed and eliminated is 32 / Xm because it crosses or touches the outer frame of the analysis screen.
- the graph shows the case where the number of graphite less than 26 is 26, and the number of graphite more than 5 jm is 148.
- the number of graphites less than 5 // m and 26 and the number of graphites greater than 5 zm 1 4 8 The number of graphite to be excluded or eliminated is distributed in proportion to the number of graphite. That is, the number of graphites to be excluded and eliminated is 32 in the ratio of 26: 148. Proportionately divide into 5:27. Then, when adding 27 to the number of graphites of 5 ⁇ m or more in the outer frame of the screen, the number of graphites of 5 ⁇ or more is corrected to be 17.5.
- the number of graphites with an average diameter of 5 ⁇ or more to be extracted should be excluded or eliminated because they cross the analysis screen outer frame or are in contact with the outer frame.
- the provisional graphite microstructure index of 148 in which the number of graphite is not considered at all, and the number of graphite to be excluded or eliminated because they cross the analysis screen outer frame or are in contact with the outer frame.
- the fatness is calculated in steps S5 and S6, and in step S7, the fatness index is added to the previously obtained graphite texture index, for example, “ 1 7 5 (10.1) ".
- the above series of arithmetic processing is executed by the function of the image analysis device as shown in FIG. That is, FIG. 24 differs from the one shown in FIG. 2 in that means for proportional distribution and addition of the number of graphite excluding frame contact 13 is provided.
- the graphite when extracting a non-spherical graphite of a specific size and counting the number of the non-spherical graphite, the graphite originally crosses the outer frame of the analysis screen or is in contact with the outer frame. For this reason, the number of graphites to be excluded and eliminated is proportionally distributed to correct the number of graphites to be extracted, so that the image analysis accuracy of the graphite structure can be further improved and the analysis results can be improved. Reliability is also high.
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US10/517,229 US7574034B2 (en) | 2002-12-27 | 2003-12-25 | Method for judging graphite texture in gray cast iron, judging program recording medium and judging system |
EP03782901.7A EP1512958B1 (en) | 2002-12-27 | 2003-12-25 | Method for judging graphite texture in gray cast iron, judging program recording medium and judging system |
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JP2002379728A JP4076438B2 (ja) | 2002-12-27 | 2002-12-27 | ねずみ鋳鉄における黒鉛組織の評価方法および評価システム |
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CN111462221A (zh) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-07-28 | 深圳前海微众银行股份有限公司 | 待侦测物体阴影面积提取方法、装置、设备及存储介质 |
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JPH05273200A (ja) * | 1992-03-25 | 1993-10-22 | Riken Corp | オープングラファイト率測定方法 |
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JP2510947B2 (ja) * | 1993-10-15 | 1996-06-26 | 有限会社日本サブランスプローブエンジニアリング | 鋳鉄の溶湯中における球状化剤またはcv化剤の有無および片状黒鉛鋳鉄のチル化傾向を判別する方法とそれに使用する試料採取容器 |
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JP2002162348A (ja) | 2000-11-24 | 2002-06-07 | Kimura Chuzosho:Kk | 黒鉛形態判定方法 |
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- 2003-12-25 WO PCT/JP2003/016803 patent/WO2004061431A1/ja active Application Filing
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JPH05273200A (ja) * | 1992-03-25 | 1993-10-22 | Riken Corp | オープングラファイト率測定方法 |
JPH11304736A (ja) * | 1998-04-23 | 1999-11-05 | Nippon Saburansu Probe Engineering:Kk | 球状黒鉛鋳鉄の熱分析の改良法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2004212114A (ja) | 2004-07-29 |
JP4076438B2 (ja) | 2008-04-16 |
CN1692276A (zh) | 2005-11-02 |
TW200416389A (en) | 2004-09-01 |
EP1512958B1 (en) | 2017-09-13 |
EP1512958A1 (en) | 2005-03-09 |
CN100487423C (zh) | 2009-05-13 |
TWI275787B (en) | 2007-03-11 |
US20050175232A1 (en) | 2005-08-11 |
EP1512958A4 (en) | 2011-02-16 |
US7574034B2 (en) | 2009-08-11 |
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