WO2004060827A1 - A composition, a method for manufacturing a building element, a mould, and a building element - Google Patents

A composition, a method for manufacturing a building element, a mould, and a building element Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004060827A1
WO2004060827A1 PCT/IB2003/001075 IB0301075W WO2004060827A1 WO 2004060827 A1 WO2004060827 A1 WO 2004060827A1 IB 0301075 W IB0301075 W IB 0301075W WO 2004060827 A1 WO2004060827 A1 WO 2004060827A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition
particulate
substance
polymeric substance
solvent
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2003/001075
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Brian William Doyle
Dominic Francis Gordon
Mogamat Kamedien
Original Assignee
Brian William Doyle
Dominic Francis Gordon
Mogamat Kamedien
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Brian William Doyle, Dominic Francis Gordon, Mogamat Kamedien filed Critical Brian William Doyle
Priority to AU2003212570A priority Critical patent/AU2003212570A1/en
Publication of WO2004060827A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004060827A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
    • C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B26/26—Bituminous materials, e.g. tar, pitch
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/0075—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for road construction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

  • THIS INVENTION relates to the use of recycled polymeric materials such as rubber or plastics material, in the manufacture of building elements and structural materials.
  • the invention relates to a composition and a method for manufacturing a building element or a structural material, a mould, and a building element.
  • Heat formed building elements such as cement bricks made from a composition including cement, sand, and stone, and clay bricks made from a mixture of clay and silica which is packed in kilns, are often brittle.
  • asphalt mixtures including asphalt, crushed stone, gravel and/or sand, mixed at high temperatures or combined with a solvent, can break down under prolonged use.
  • cement means a particulate material which can be combined with) water to form wet cement.
  • asphaltt cement refers to a particulate material including bituminous pitch.
  • compositions for manufacturing building elements including cement, and a particulate polymeric substance such as rubber and/or a plastic material.
  • the composition may further include a particulate mineral substance, such as a silicon dioxide compound, sand, gravel and/or stone.
  • a particulate mineral substance such as a silicon dioxide compound, sand, gravel and/or stone.
  • the composition may include about 1 ⁇ j/o to 65% of the particulate polymeric substance, preferably about 15% to 30%, and may include about 30% to 60% of the particulate mineral substance, preferably about 40%. (All percentages by mass.)
  • compositions for use as a structural material including asphalt cement and a particulate polymeric substance such as rubber and/or a plastic material.
  • the composition may further include a particulate mineral substance, such as a mineral aggregate that is a mixture of stone, gravel and/or sand.
  • a particulate mineral substance such as a mineral aggregate that is a mixture of stone, gravel and/or sand.
  • the mineral aggregate may include particles of about 15 to 25mm in diameter.
  • the composition may also include a solvent such as light petroleum solvent and/or water.
  • a solvent such as light petroleum solvent and/or water.
  • the particulate polymeric substance may include elongated particles and/or particles of irregular shapes and sizes.
  • the composition may include about 3% to 15% asphalt cement, about 55% to 75% of the particulate mineral substance, and about 10% to 65% of the particulate polymeric substance, preferably about 20% to 30%. (All percentages by mass.)
  • a method of manufacturing a building element including the steps of: preparing a composition including cement and a particulate polymeric substance; combining said composition with water to form a wet composition; casting said wet composition into a mould; and curing said wet composition.
  • a particulate mineral substance such as a silicon dioxide compound, sand, gravel and/or stone, may be added to the composition before casting the composition into the mould.
  • the method may include maintaining the temperature of the water and of the wet composition above 20°C during the steps of combining the composition with water and casting the wet composition.
  • the invention extends to a mould, shaped and dimensioned for manufacturing a building element according to a method as described hereinabove, such as a female metal mould, and extends further to a building element manufactured according to a method as described hereinabove.
  • a method of preparing a composition for use as a structural material including the steps of: preparing a composition including asphalt cement and a particulate polymeric substance; and heating said composition.
  • the composition may be heated to an extent sufficient to cause particles of the asphalt cement and/or the polymeric substance to melt, e.g. the composition may be heated to a temperature of about 150°.
  • the method may also include the step of combining the composition with a particulate mineral substance, such as a mineral aggregate, that is a mixture of stone, gravel and/or sand.
  • a particulate mineral substance such as a mineral aggregate, that is a mixture of stone, gravel and/or sand.
  • a method of preparing a composition for use as a structural material including the steps of: preparing a composition including asphalt cement and a particulate polymeric substance such as rubber and/or a plastic material; combining the composition with a solvent such as a light petroleum solvent and/or water; dissolving the asphalt cement in the solvent; and evaporating the solvent.
  • Figure 1 shows three-dimensional views of building elements, in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 2 shows a side elevational view of building elements, also in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 3 shows a three-dimensional view of a building element in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 4 shows a top plan view of a section of road manufactured from a composition in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 5 shows a sectional side view of the road of Figure 4, taken at V-V.
  • a building element in accordance with the invention is generally indicated by reference numeral 10.
  • a composition for manufacturing building elements is prepared, which includes cement, about 40% sand, and about 15% to 30% of a particulate polymeric substance such as rubber or a plastic material.
  • the rubber can be rubber of used motor vehicle tyres and the plastic material can be plastic waste.
  • the rubber and plastic material is shredded into elongated particles of irregular shapes and sizes, before being added to the composition.
  • Sand, gravel, and/or stone can preferably also be added to the composition.
  • the composition is combined with water at a temperature above 20°C, preferably about 22°C, to form a wet composition and the wet composition is cast into a suitable female mould, such as steel mould, while the temperature is maintained above 20°C.
  • the wet composition is allowed to cure in the mould, to form the building element 10.
  • FIGS 1 , 2, and 5 of the drawings different examples of building elements 10 manufactured in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention, are shown.
  • the building elements 10 shown in Figures 1A and 1 B of the drawings are in the form of building blocks including outer walls 12 and flanges 14 extending between the outer walls. Cavities 16 are defined between the outer walls 12 and flanges 14 and longitudinal recesses 18 extend partly between the outer walls and flanges of the block shown in Figure 1 B.
  • Figures 1C and 1 D show examples of bricks manufactured in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention
  • Figures 1 E and 1 F show building elements in the form of special buildirjg blocks, in which cavities 36 are defined.
  • a building element 10 in the form of a kerb stone 20 is shown, adjacent a building element in the form of a channel element 22, both building elements manufactured in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention.
  • a building element 10 in the form of a hollow cylindrical pipe 24 is shown, which has been manufactured in accordance with the first embodiment of tfjie invention.
  • a composition for use as a structural material is prepared by combining asphalt cement, a particulate polymeric substance similar to the particulate polymeric substance used in the first embodiment of the invention, and a mineral aggregate including a mixture of stone, gravel and sand,
  • the composition includes about 3% to 15% asphalt cement, about 20% to 30% of the particulate polymeric substance, and about 55% to 75% of the mineral aggregate, including particles with a diameter of about 15mm to 25mm.
  • the particulate polymeric substance and mineral aggregate are combined first and are blended at a temperature of about 150°C before the asphalt cement is added, which melts as a result of the elevated temperature.
  • the heated composition is typically applied to serve as a ground cover, such as a road surface cover, and is allowed to cool to an ambient temperature.
  • a composition for use as a structural material is prepared by combining asphalt cement, a particulate polymeric substance, and a mineral aggregate, similar to the composition in accordance with the second embodiment of the invention.
  • a suitable solvent such as light petroleum solvent or water is combined with the composition so that the asphalt cement is dissolved.
  • the composition is then applied in the same way as the composition of the first embodiment of the invention, and the solvent is allowed to evaporate.
  • a road 26 manufactured using a composition in accordance with the second or the third embodiments of the invention includes a gravel sub-base 28 with a depth of about 150mm, a gravel base course 30 with a depth of about 150mm, on top of the gravel sub-base, and an asphalt layer 32 of about 25mm thick and comprising a composition in accordance with the second or the third embodiment of the invention.
  • the gravel sub-base 28, gravel base course 30, and asphalt layer 32 are supported above natural ground 34.
  • Building elements 10 manufactured in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention hold the advantages of resistance to brittle fracture, thermal insulation capabilities, acoustic damping capabilities, fire resistance capabilities, and a low shrinkage factor which could be less than 0,1 %. They also hold the advantage that they can be plastered and/or painted.
  • the building elements 10 hold the further advantage of light weight, which results low transport costs, lower cost of support structures bearing the mass of the building element 10, such as roof trusses or the like, and hold the advantage that they can easily be cut, e.g. by using a hacksaw.
  • An asphalt layer 32 prepared in accordance with the second or third embodiments of the invention hold the advantages of good load bearing and impact resistant properties and resistance to breakage and crack formation, resulting in low maintenance costs and long life of the asphalt layer.
  • the composition in accordance with the second and third embodiment of the invention also have a relatively low density as a result of the low density of the particulate polymeric substance, resulting in lower cost during construction of an asphalt layer and reducing wastages such as breakages in equipment.
  • the invention illustrated further holds the advantages that waste material such as used motor vehicle tyres, plastic waste, and the like is used, which has cost and environmental advantages.
  • waste material such as used motor vehicle tyres, plastic waste, and the like is used, which has cost and environmental advantages.
  • the advantage of lower cost of manufacturing the building element 10 and asphalt layers 32, is particularly beneficial in low cost housing and provision of services.

Abstract

A composition and method are provided, for manufacturing building elements (10) includingcement and a particulate polymeric substance such as rubber or a plastic material, andoptionally including a particulate mineral substance. The method includes combining thecomposition with water, casting it in a mould, and curing the wet composition. The inventionextends to the mould and to a building element (10) made by the method. A further compositionis provided, for use as a structural material, as well as a method of preparing the composition.The composition includes asphalt cement and a particulate polymeric substance, and the methodincludes heating the composition, or dissolving the asphalt in a solvent and evaporating the solvent.

Description

A COMPOSITION. A METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A BUILDING ELEMENT. A MOULD, AND A BUILDING ELEMENT
THIS INVENTION relates to the use of recycled polymeric materials such as rubber or plastics material, in the manufacture of building elements and structural materials. In particular, the invention relates to a composition and a method for manufacturing a building element or a structural material, a mould, and a building element.
Heat formed building elements, such as cement bricks made from a composition including cement, sand, and stone, and clay bricks made from a mixture of clay and silica which is packed in kilns, are often brittle.
Similarly, asphalt mixtures including asphalt, crushed stone, gravel and/or sand, mixed at high temperatures or combined with a solvent, can break down under prolonged use.
For the purposes of this specification, the term "cement" means a particulate material which can be combined with) water to form wet cement. The term "asphalt cement" refers to a particulate material including bituminous pitch.
According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a composition for manufacturing building elements, said composition including cement, and a particulate polymeric substance such as rubber and/or a plastic material.
The composition may further include a particulate mineral substance, such as a silicon dioxide compound, sand, gravel and/or stone.
The composition may include about 1θj/o to 65% of the particulate polymeric substance, preferably about 15% to 30%, and may include about 30% to 60% of the particulate mineral substance, preferably about 40%. (All percentages by mass.)
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a composition for use as a structural material, said composition including asphalt cement and a particulate polymeric substance such as rubber and/or a plastic material.
The composition may further include a particulate mineral substance, such as a mineral aggregate that is a mixture of stone, gravel and/or sand. The mineral aggregate may include particles of about 15 to 25mm in diameter.
The composition may also include a solvent such as light petroleum solvent and/or water. The particulate polymeric substance may include elongated particles and/or particles of irregular shapes and sizes.
The composition may include about 3% to 15% asphalt cement, about 55% to 75% of the particulate mineral substance, and about 10% to 65% of the particulate polymeric substance, preferably about 20% to 30%. (All percentages by mass.)
According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a method of manufacturing a building element, said method including the steps of: preparing a composition including cement and a particulate polymeric substance; combining said composition with water to form a wet composition; casting said wet composition into a mould; and curing said wet composition.
A particulate mineral substance such as a silicon dioxide compound, sand, gravel and/or stone, may be added to the composition before casting the composition into the mould.
The method may include maintaining the temperature of the water and of the wet composition above 20°C during the steps of combining the composition with water and casting the wet composition. The invention extends to a mould, shaped and dimensioned for manufacturing a building element according to a method as described hereinabove, such as a female metal mould, and extends further to a building element manufactured according to a method as described hereinabove.
According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a method of preparing a composition for use as a structural material, said method including the steps of: preparing a composition including asphalt cement and a particulate polymeric substance; and heating said composition.
The composition may be heated to an extent sufficient to cause particles of the asphalt cement and/or the polymeric substance to melt, e.g. the composition may be heated to a temperature of about 150°.
The method may also include the step of combining the composition with a particulate mineral substance, such as a mineral aggregate, that is a mixture of stone, gravel and/or sand.
According to yet a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of preparing a composition for use as a structural material, said method including the steps of: preparing a composition including asphalt cement and a particulate polymeric substance such as rubber and/or a plastic material; combining the composition with a solvent such as a light petroleum solvent and/or water; dissolving the asphalt cement in the solvent; and evaporating the solvent.
The invention will now be described, by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the drawings:
Figure 1 shows three-dimensional views of building elements, in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2 shows a side elevational view of building elements, also in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention;
Figure 3 shows a three-dimensional view of a building element in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention;
Figure 4 shows a top plan view of a section of road manufactured from a composition in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention; and
Figure 5 shows a sectional side view of the road of Figure 4, taken at V-V.
Referring to the drawings, a building element in accordance with the invention is generally indicated by reference numeral 10. According to a first embodiment of the invention, a composition for manufacturing building elements is prepared, which includes cement, about 40% sand, and about 15% to 30% of a particulate polymeric substance such as rubber or a plastic material.
The rubber can be rubber of used motor vehicle tyres and the plastic material can be plastic waste. The rubber and plastic material is shredded into elongated particles of irregular shapes and sizes, before being added to the composition.
Sand, gravel, and/or stone can preferably also be added to the composition.
The composition is combined with water at a temperature above 20°C, preferably about 22°C, to form a wet composition and the wet composition is cast into a suitable female mould, such as steel mould, while the temperature is maintained above 20°C. The wet composition is allowed to cure in the mould, to form the building element 10.
Referring to Figures 1 , 2, and 5 of the drawings, different examples of building elements 10 manufactured in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention, are shown. The building elements 10 shown in Figures 1A and 1 B of the drawings are in the form of building blocks including outer walls 12 and flanges 14 extending between the outer walls. Cavities 16 are defined between the outer walls 12 and flanges 14 and longitudinal recesses 18 extend partly between the outer walls and flanges of the block shown in Figure 1 B. Figures 1C and 1 D show examples of bricks manufactured in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention, and Figures 1 E and 1 F show building elements in the form of special buildirjg blocks, in which cavities 36 are defined.
Referring to Figure 2 of the drawings, a building element 10 in the form of a kerb stone 20 is shown, adjacent a building element in the form of a channel element 22, both building elements manufactured in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention.
Referring to Figure 3 of the drawings, a building element 10 in the form of a hollow cylindrical pipe 24 is shown, which has been manufactured in accordance with the first embodiment of tfjie invention.
Further building elements (not shown) which can be manufactured in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention include tiles, paving stones, and the like. According to a second embodiment of the invention, a composition for use as a structural material is prepared by combining asphalt cement, a particulate polymeric substance similar to the particulate polymeric substance used in the first embodiment of the invention, and a mineral aggregate including a mixture of stone, gravel and sand, The composition includes about 3% to 15% asphalt cement, about 20% to 30% of the particulate polymeric substance, and about 55% to 75% of the mineral aggregate, including particles with a diameter of about 15mm to 25mm.
The particulate polymeric substance and mineral aggregate are combined first and are blended at a temperature of about 150°C before the asphalt cement is added, which melts as a result of the elevated temperature. The heated composition is typically applied to serve as a ground cover, such as a road surface cover, and is allowed to cool to an ambient temperature.
According to a third embodiment of the invention, a composition for use as a structural material is prepared by combining asphalt cement, a particulate polymeric substance, and a mineral aggregate, similar to the composition in accordance with the second embodiment of the invention. A suitable solvent, such as light petroleum solvent or water is combined with the composition so that the asphalt cement is dissolved. The composition is then applied in the same way as the composition of the first embodiment of the invention, and the solvent is allowed to evaporate. Referring to Figures 3 and 4 of the drawings, a road 26 manufactured using a composition in accordance with the second or the third embodiments of the invention, includes a gravel sub-base 28 with a depth of about 150mm, a gravel base course 30 with a depth of about 150mm, on top of the gravel sub-base, and an asphalt layer 32 of about 25mm thick and comprising a composition in accordance with the second or the third embodiment of the invention. The gravel sub-base 28, gravel base course 30, and asphalt layer 32 are supported above natural ground 34.
Building elements 10 manufactured in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention hold the advantages of resistance to brittle fracture, thermal insulation capabilities, acoustic damping capabilities, fire resistance capabilities, and a low shrinkage factor which could be less than 0,1 %. They also hold the advantage that they can be plastered and/or painted. The building elements 10 hold the further advantage of light weight, which results low transport costs, lower cost of support structures bearing the mass of the building element 10, such as roof trusses or the like, and hold the advantage that they can easily be cut, e.g. by using a hacksaw.
An asphalt layer 32 prepared in accordance with the second or third embodiments of the invention, hold the advantages of good load bearing and impact resistant properties and resistance to breakage and crack formation, resulting in low maintenance costs and long life of the asphalt layer. The composition in accordance with the second and third embodiment of the invention also have a relatively low density as a result of the low density of the particulate polymeric substance, resulting in lower cost during construction of an asphalt layer and reducing wastages such as breakages in equipment.
The invention illustrated further holds the advantages that waste material such as used motor vehicle tyres, plastic waste, and the like is used, which has cost and environmental advantages. The advantage of lower cost of manufacturing the building element 10 and asphalt layers 32, is particularly beneficial in low cost housing and provision of services.

Claims

1. A composition for manufacturing building elements, said composition including cement, and being characterised in that it includes a particulate polymeric substance.
2. A composition as claimed in Claim 1 , characterised in that the composition further includes a particulate mineral substance.
3. A composition as claimed in Claim 2, characterised in that the composition includes about 10% to 65% of the particulate polymeric substance, by mass, and includes about 30%) to 60% of the particulate mineral substance, by mass.
4. A composition as claimed in Claim 3, characterised in that the composition includes about 15% to 30% of the pajrticulate polymeric substance, by mass, and includes about 40% of the particulate mineral substance, by mass.
5. A composition for use as a structural material, said composition including asphalt cement, and being characterised in that it includes a particulate polymeric substance.
6. A composition as claimed in Claim 5, characterised in that the composition includes a solvent.
7. A composition as claimed in Claim 6, characterised in that the solvent includes a light petroleum solvent.
8. A composition as claimed in Claim 6, characterised in that the solvent includes water.
9. A composition as claimed in any one of Claims 5 to 8, characterised in that the composition further includes a particulate mineral substance.
10. A composition as claimed Claims 9, characterised in that the composition includes 3% to 15%) asphalt cement, by mass, 55%) to 75% of the particulate mineral substance, by mass, and 10% to 65% of the particulate polymeric substance, by mass.
11. A composition as claimed in Claim 10, characterised in that the composition includes 20% to 30% of the particulate polymeric substance, by mass.
12. A composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the polymeric substance includes rubber.
13. A composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 11 , characterised in that the particulate polymeric substance includes a plastic material.
14. A composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the particulate polymeric substance includes elongated particles.
15. A composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the particulate polymeric substance includes particles of irregular shapes and sizes.
16. A composition as claimed in Claim 2 or Claim 9, characterised in that the particulate mineral substance includes a silicon dioxide compound.
17. A composition as claimed in Claim 2 or Claim 9, characterised in that the particulate mineral substance includes sand.
18. A composition as claimed in Claim 2 or Claim 9, characterised in that the particulate mineral substance includes gravel.
19. A composition as claimed in Claim 2 or Claim 9, characterised in that the particulate mineral substance includes stone.
20. A composition as claimed in Claim 18 or Claim 19, characterised in that the particulate mineral substance includes particles with a diameter of 15mm to 25mm.
21. A method of manufacturing a building element, said method including the steps of: preparing a composition including cement; combining said composition with water to form a wet composition; casting said wet composition into a mould; and curing said wet composition; characterised in that said composition includes a particulate polymeric substance.
22. A method as claimed in Claim 21 , characterised by the step of adding a particulate mineral substance to the composition, before casting the composition into the mould.
23. A method as claimed in Claim 22, characterised in that the particulate mineral substance includes a silicon dioxide compound.
24. A method as claimed in Claim 22, characterised in that the particulate mineral substance includes sand.
25. A method as claimed in Claim 22, characterised in that the particulate mineral substance includes gravel.
26. A method as claimed in Claim 22, characterised in that the particulate mineral substance includes stone.
27. A method as claimed in Claim 21, characterised by maintaining the temperature of the water and of the wet composition above 20°C during the steps of combining the composition with water and casting the wet composition.
28. A mould for manufacturing a building element, characterised in that the mould is a female metal mould, shaped and dimensioned for manufacturing a building element according to a method as claimed in any one of Claims 21 to 27.
29. A building element, characterised in that it has been manufactured according to a method as claimed in any one of Claims 21 to 27.
30. A method of preparing a composition for use as a structural material, said method including the steps of: preparing a composition including asphalt cement; and heating said composition; characterised in that the composition includes a particulate polymeric substance.
31. A method as claimed in Claim 30, characterised by heating the composition to an extent sufficient to cause particles of the asphalt cement to melt.
32. A method as claimed in Claim 30 or Claim 31 , characterised by heating the composition to an extent sufficient to cause particles of the polymeric substance to melt.
33. A method as claimed in any one of Claims 30 to 32, characterised by heating the composition to a temperature of about 150°.
34. A method as claimed in any one of Claims 30 to 33, characterised by combining the composition with a particulate mineral substance.
35. A method of preparing a composition for use as a structural material, said method including the steps of: preparing a composition including asphalt cement; combining the composition with a solvent; dissolving the asphalt cement in the solvent; and evaporating the solvent; characterised in that the composition includes a particulate polymeric substance.
36. A method as claimed in Claim 35, characterised in that the particulate polymeric substance includes rubber.
37. A method as claimed in Claim 35, characterised in that the particulate polymeric substance includes a plastic material.
38. A method as claimed in any one of Claims 35 to 37, characterised in that the solvent includes a light petroleum solvent.
39. A method as claimed in any one of Claims 35 to 38, characterised in that the solvent includes water.
40. A composition as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 5, substantially as herein described and illustrated.
41. A method as claimed in Claim 21, substantially as herein described and illustrated.
42. A mould as claimed in Claim 28, substantially as herein described and illustrated.
43. A building element as claimed in Claim 2J9, substantially as herein described and illustrated.
44. A method as claimed in Claim 30 or Claim 35, substantially as
1 herein described and illustrated.
45. A new composition, a new method of manufacturing a building element, a new mould, a new building element, or a new method of preparing a composition, substantially as herein described.
PCT/IB2003/001075 2003-01-07 2003-03-24 A composition, a method for manufacturing a building element, a mould, and a building element WO2004060827A1 (en)

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ZA200300160 2003-01-07

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016024135A1 (en) * 2014-08-15 2016-02-18 Enviromate Limited Anti-ballistic structure
US11299886B2 (en) * 2019-04-24 2022-04-12 Protectiflex, LLC Composite stud wall panel assembly

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