WO2004056707A1 - Dispositif de dessalement, procede de dessalement et porteur poreux flottant - Google Patents

Dispositif de dessalement, procede de dessalement et porteur poreux flottant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004056707A1
WO2004056707A1 PCT/JP2003/014173 JP0314173W WO2004056707A1 WO 2004056707 A1 WO2004056707 A1 WO 2004056707A1 JP 0314173 W JP0314173 W JP 0314173W WO 2004056707 A1 WO2004056707 A1 WO 2004056707A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
salt
water containing
desalination
chamber
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2003/014173
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Akira Watanabe
Hiroshi Sakuma
Sakae Kosanda
Kyoko Shinjo
Norio Yamada
Original Assignee
Ebara Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2002368286A external-priority patent/JP2006150147A/ja
Priority claimed from JP2002368289A external-priority patent/JP2006150148A/ja
Application filed by Ebara Corporation filed Critical Ebara Corporation
Priority to AU2003277592A priority Critical patent/AU2003277592A1/en
Publication of WO2004056707A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004056707A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/34—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances
    • B01D3/343—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances the substance being a gas
    • B01D3/346—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances the substance being a gas the gas being used for removing vapours, e.g. transport gas
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a desalination apparatus and a desalination method for desalinating water containing salts and the like such as seawater and salt water, and particularly to a desalinated land, a desert or an isolated island, etc.
  • the present invention relates to a desalination apparatus and a desalination method suitable for collecting fresh water.
  • the present invention also relates to a buoyant porous carrier used in such a desalination apparatus and desalination method. Background technique
  • Desalination equipment for seawater and saline groundwater is indispensable in deserts and isolated islands, but now it consumes large amounts of energy, such as burning oil and using reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. It is common practice to use such a device, and such a device itself inherently pollutes the environment.
  • RO reverse osmosis
  • a desalination apparatus using solar heat which is natural energy is known.
  • a simple desalination apparatus is described in JP-A-11-156341 or JP-A-11-207318, but the structure is complicated and the equipment cost is high.
  • evaporators that condense sunlight using a special condensing device and use the heat energy.
  • JP-A-56-130291 and JP-A-56-133088 disclose that seawater is introduced into an evaporating tank buoyant on the surface of seawater and is evaporated by solar heat collected by a heat collecting plate on the bottom. A method for obtaining condensed water is disclosed.
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-21976 discloses a dome-shaped gas film structure in which the surface of seawater is air-tightly covered with a light-transmitting sheet. Another desalination method is disclosed.
  • the carbon dioxide gas sent into the film structure is heated by the radiant heat of the sun, the seawater below the carbon dioxide gas is evaporated, and the condensed water is collected at the same time as the temperature drops at night, and the seawater is desalinated. I do.
  • the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems and desalinates salt-containing water, which can efficiently evaporate salt-containing water using solar heat, which is natural energy, and can efficiently condense and desalinate steam. It is an object to provide an apparatus and a desalination method. Another object of the present invention is to provide a desalination apparatus and a desalination method which can desalinate with a mechanism as simple as possible and have low running costs. Furthermore, an object of the present invention is to provide a buoyant porous carrier used in such a desalination apparatus and desalination method.
  • an aspect of the present invention is to partition an inside of a closed structure with a partition so that an upper portion thereof communicates with one another, and to set one of the partitioned sections into an inlet of water containing salt and the like and an evaporator.
  • the evaporation chamber with the outlet for the water containing concentrated salts etc. and the other compartment are the condensation chamber with the outlet for the condensed water, and the top and front surfaces of the evaporation chamber are made of a member that allows sunlight to pass through.
  • a desalination apparatus for water containing salts and the like characterized in that at least one of a fin and a cooling water channel is provided on a wall of a chamber to enhance a condensation effect.
  • a tray having a gradient is provided in multiple stages so that water containing salts and the like flows down in a thin film form into the evaporation chamber, and water containing salts and the like flows into the uppermost tray.
  • the gutter is provided.
  • the evaporating chamber and the condensing chamber are configured on both sides of the partition, and the evaporating chamber faces a side on which sunlight enters, and the condensing chamber is
  • the condensing chamber is installed so as to face the side opposite to the side where sunlight is incident, and the partition is shaded by the partition.
  • a condensing surface is formed by the inner surface of the wall of the condensing chamber, and the condensing surface has a large number of corrugated plates or small irregularities to increase the condensing area.
  • the member that transmits sunlight is glass.
  • An embodiment of the present invention includes a sealer installed on the surface of water containing salts and the like so as to seal the surface of the water, and moving the surface and the interior by floating wave motion on the water surface sealed by the sealer. And a floating porous carrier for forming a thin film of water containing salts and the like.
  • the sealer has a dome shape.
  • a material having heat generation and heat storage properties is mixed in the floating porous carrier.
  • the material is zirconium charcoal.
  • a sealer is installed on the surface of water containing salts and the like so as to seal the water surface, and the floating porous carrier is floated on the water surface sealed by the sealer.
  • the buoyant porous carrier By moving the buoyant porous carrier by the wave force, a thin film of water containing salts and the like is formed on the surface and inside of the buoyant porous carrier, and the water containing the salts and the like is evaporated in the enclosure to form steam,
  • This is a method for desalinating water containing salts and the like, characterized in that steam is condensed on the inner wall of the enclosure and the condensed water is recovered.
  • the inner wall of the enclosure has an appropriate gradient such that evaporated water convects and condensed water is guided to a condensed water recovery tank at the end of the enclosure.
  • the sealer is a dome type.
  • a material having heat generation and heat storage properties is mixed in the floating porous carrier.
  • the material is zirconium charcoal.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is a buoyant porous carrier characterized by containing a material having heat generation and heat storage properties.
  • the material is zirconium charcoal.
  • the apparatus since the apparatus has a simple structure and only uses sunlight or solar heat directly, water containing salts and the like can be desalted at low cost.
  • a thin film is formed by wave force using a buoyant porous carrier, it is more economical and efficient than the conventional method.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a desalination apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention in which cooling fins are attached to a wall of a condensation chamber.
  • FIG. 2 is a front view schematically showing a wall of a condensation chamber of a desalination apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention, to which a water pipe for cooling water is attached.
  • FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a configuration example of a corrugated condensing surface.
  • FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration example of a condensing surface having irregularities.
  • FIG. 3C is a front view of the condensation surface shown in FIG. 3B.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing a desalination apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the inside of the sealed desalination unit (structure) 1 communicates with the upper part
  • One of the compartments is divided by a partition plate 4 as described above, and one compartment is divided into an evaporation chamber 2 having an inlet 9 for salt-containing water (seawater) 9 and an outlet 10 for evaporatively concentrated salt-containing water 10, and the other compartment.
  • a condensing chamber 3 having an outlet 13 for condensed water
  • the upper surface and the front surface (evaporation chamber 2 side) of the roof of the desalination unit are made of a member 5 that transmits sunlight, such as a glass plate. Although a glass plate is used in FIG.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and a plastic plate such as polyethylene, polypropylene, or acryl resin may be used.
  • a plastic plate such as polyethylene, polypropylene, or acryl resin
  • any material can be used as long as it is easy to handle, allows sunlight to pass therethrough and collects heat in the evaporation chamber 2, is excellent in strength, and has weather resistance.
  • the material of the partition plate 4 is not limited, either, and can be appropriately selected as long as it is gas-impermeable.
  • Cooling fins 8 are provided on the outer surface of the wall of the condensation chamber 3 to enhance the condensation effect.
  • a cooling water passage (cooling water distribution pipe) 15 is provided on the outer surface 14 of the wall of the condensation chamber 3.
  • FIG. 1 a cooling water passage (cooling water distribution pipe) 15 is provided on the outer surface 14 of the wall of the condensation chamber 3.
  • seawater (cooling water) flows into the cooling water channel 15 from the cooling water inlet 16 and is discharged from the cooling water outlet 17. Since the temperature of the seawater from the rejected water discharge port 17 is rising, it is introduced into the seawater inlet 9 of the evaporation chamber 2 as it is.
  • the air cooling (cooling) fins 8 When the air cooling (cooling) fins 8 are used as a means for condensing the evaporated water, the cooling is performed at the outside temperature.
  • a material of the air cooling fins 8 a material having good heat conductivity such as copper or aluminum is used.
  • the shape, area, etc. of the air cooling fins 8 can be appropriately designed according to the amount of condensed fresh water required for the desalination apparatus.
  • cooling water having a low water temperature can be obtained at low cost.
  • trays 6 having a gradient are provided in multiple stages so that water containing salt or the like (seawater) flows down in a thin film form into the evaporation chamber 2, and the water containing salt or the like flows into the uppermost tray 6.
  • a gutter 6a will be provided for this.
  • the material of the tray 6 can be freely selected as long as it has good flatness.
  • a metal plate such as iron, copper, and aluminum
  • a plastic plate such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyvinyl chloride
  • a woven or nonwoven fabric can be used.
  • the desalination apparatus is installed so that the condensation chamber 3 is shaded.
  • the condensing chamber 3 is installed so that the evaporating chamber 2 faces the south where sunlight L enters (the opposite in the southern hemisphere), and the condensing chamber 3 faces the north. Room 3 should be shaded.
  • the water vapor 11 evaporated in the evaporating chamber 2 becomes an ascending current, moves from the evaporating chamber 2 to the condensing chamber 3 in the upper part of the apparatus, and is cooled on the inner surface (condensing surface 7) of the wall of the condensing chamber 3. It is condensed and produces 12 drops of water. Further, as shown in FIGS. 3A to 3C, a condensing surface 7 is formed by providing a condensing plate having a large number of corrugated plates or small convexes on the inner surface of the wall of the condensing chamber 3, and the condensing area is formed. It is desirable to increase.
  • the size of the desalination equipment used in the experiment is depth of 200 mm (evaporation chamber 1,500 mm, condensation chamber 500 mm), width of 2000 mm, Height of the rear end 1,800 mm, height of the front end on the evaporation chamber side 1,200 mm, height of the partition between the evaporation chamber and the condensation chamber 1,500 mm, roof is transparent glass
  • the desalination plant was installed so that the evaporating chamber was located on the south side and the condensing chamber was located on the north side.
  • the walls of the condensing chamber are removable panels so that the air-cooled type with fins and the water-cooled type that cools seawater by passing it through a cooling water pipe (cooling channel) can be compared.
  • seawater was passed through the cooling water inlet located at the top of the wall to the cooling water distribution pipe.
  • Five trays (1,800 mm Xl, 0,0 mm) were placed in the desalination unit at an angle. Its inclination angle was 5 degrees to the horizontal.
  • the outside air temperature was 28 ° C, and the temperature of the test seawater to be supplied to the evaporation chamber and cooling water pipe was 20 ° C.
  • the amount of condensed water collected in the case of air cooling is 19 liters per word, and 10.6 liters per unit area of the top tray in the evaporation chamber Zm 2 days.
  • the amount of condensed water recovered was 24 liters per day, and 13.3 liters / m 2 ⁇ day per unit area of the top tray of the evaporation chamber.
  • the salt-containing water desalination apparatus of the present invention was able to efficiently evaporate, condense, and desalinate salt-containing water using solar heat, which is natural energy. As a result, it became possible to collect a large amount of freshwater at low cost in arid areas such as islands and deserts where freshwater is scarce on a daily basis.
  • a dome-shaped enclosure 22 is installed on the surface of water 21 containing salts such as seawater so as to seal the surface.
  • a plurality of floating porous carriers 23 float on the water surface sealed by the dome-shaped enclosure 22.
  • a thin film of water containing salts and the like is formed on the surface and inside of the carrier, and the water containing salts and the like is evaporated in the dome-type enclosure 22.
  • the steam is condensed on the inner wall of the dome-shaped enclosure 22, and the condensed water flows down along the inner wall of the dome-shaped enclosure 22 and is collected.
  • the floating porous carrier 23 floating on the water surface sealed by the dome-shaped enclosure 22 moves up and down and laterally due to the movement of the waves, causing salt on the inside of its surface.
  • a thin film of water containing the same is formed. Since the water containing salts and the like is formed as a thin film on the surface and inside of the buoyant porous carrier 23, the water easily evaporates into the dome-shaped enclosure 22.
  • the evaporation of water containing salts and the like is promoted by the radiant heat of the sun, and the water vapor convects in a supersaturated state.
  • the vapor condenses and becomes water droplets, which adhere to the inner wall of the dome-shaped enclosure 22.
  • a water storage tank 24 is provided at an end of the inner wall of the dome-shaped enclosure 22.
  • the water storage tank 24 By providing the water storage tank 24, the water droplets adhering to the wall of the dome type enclosure 22 as described above flow down along the inner wall of the dome type enclosure and are collected in the water storage tank 24. Further, the dome-shaped enclosure 22 can be installed on the water surface by providing a floating body 25 at the lower end thereof.
  • the buoyant porous carrier 23 can efficiently form a thin film by setting the pore size at which a thin film is most easily formed according to the temperature and concentration of the salt water or the like to be desalted.
  • the floating porous carrier 23 is preferably formed by mixing a material having heat generation and heat storage properties such as zirconium carbide into the material.
  • the dome type enclosure 22 seals water vapor generated by the radiant heat of the sun in the installed water surface area, and condenses water vapor on the inner wall when the temperature becomes low at night or the like, and removes condensed water droplets.
  • the material, structure, shape, and size as long as it flows down along the inner wall and is collected in the water storage tank 24.
  • two dome-shaped enclosures with a diameter of 50 O mm (hereinafter referred to as the first dome and the second dome) are filled with seawater (2,000 O mm X 2,000 O). mm X 5 0 0 mm).
  • a floating porous carrier polystyrene, ⁇ 2 Omm, specific gravity 0.3, 200 pieces
  • the seawater in the water tank was stirred by a stirrer to make the water surface rippling.
  • the outside temperature was 28 ° C and the seawater temperature was 20 ° C.
  • the amount of condensed water recovered in the second dome was 0.7 liters per day, and 3.6 liters / m 2 ⁇ day per sea surface area covered by the second dome.
  • the amount of condensed water recovered was 2.7 liters per day, and 13.8 liters / m 2 ⁇ day per sea surface area covered by the first dome.
  • the desalination apparatus for water containing salts and the like according to the present invention has a simple structure, can produce water at low cost, and is effective in eliminating water shortage.
  • the present invention can be applied to a desalination apparatus and a desalination method for collecting fresh water from water containing salts such as seawater and salt water using natural energy in an arid land, a desert or an isolated island.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de dessalement et un procédé de dessalement dans lesquels l'eau contenant des sels et autres éléments similaires, telle que l'eau de mer, présente dans ce dispositif de dessalement est évaporée efficacement par les rayons solaires, qui sont une énergie naturelle, et les courants d'air d'évaporation sont efficacement condensés en vue du dessalement. L'intérieur d'une structure étanche (1) est partitionnée par une séparation (4) de façon que les régions supérieures communiquent entre elles, un compartiment servant de chambre d'évaporation (2) possédant un orifice d'entrée (9) pour l'eau contenant des sels et un orifice d'évacuation (10) de cette eau concentrée par évaporation, l'autre compartiment servant de chambre de condensation (3) possédant un orifice de sortie (13) pour l'eau condensée. Les surfaces supérieure et antérieure de la chambre d'évaporation (2) sont constituées d'un élément laissant passer les rayons solaires (5), alors que la paroi de la chambre de condensation (3) est dotées d'ailettes (8) et/ou d'un canal de refroidissement d'eau destinés à renforcer l'effet de condensation.
PCT/JP2003/014173 2002-12-19 2003-11-07 Dispositif de dessalement, procede de dessalement et porteur poreux flottant WO2004056707A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003277592A AU2003277592A1 (en) 2002-12-19 2003-11-07 Desalination device, desalination method, and floatable porous carrier

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2002368286A JP2006150147A (ja) 2002-12-19 2002-12-19 塩類等含有水の淡水化装置
JP2002-368286 2002-12-19
JP2002368289A JP2006150148A (ja) 2002-12-19 2002-12-19 塩類等含有水の淡水化方法、装置およびそれに用いる浮上性多孔担体
JP2002-368289 2002-12-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004056707A1 true WO2004056707A1 (fr) 2004-07-08

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PCT/JP2003/014173 WO2004056707A1 (fr) 2002-12-19 2003-11-07 Dispositif de dessalement, procede de dessalement et porteur poreux flottant

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AU (1) AU2003277592A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004056707A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2323340A1 (es) * 2006-08-23 2009-07-13 Jacinto Manuel Portillo Cueva Sistema de desalacion de agua por energia solar.
CN102642964A (zh) * 2012-04-20 2012-08-22 黑龙江新金山环保工程有限公司 一种利用太阳能提升、处理污水可直接回用的设备
CN102774913A (zh) * 2012-08-17 2012-11-14 江苏金山环保科技股份有限公司 一种短流程复合膜污水处理设备

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5667575A (en) * 1979-11-06 1981-06-06 Hitachi Zosen Corp Water production method utilizing solar heat
JPS62140691A (ja) * 1985-12-17 1987-06-24 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol 太陽熱利用による海水の淡水化装置
JPH02284686A (ja) * 1989-04-25 1990-11-22 Kubota Corp 太陽熱利用による純水製造装置
JPH03196889A (ja) * 1989-12-26 1991-08-28 Taiko Kikai Kogyo Kk 簡易造水器
US5316626A (en) * 1989-09-15 1994-05-31 Blondel Guy Process and apparatus for the production of fresh water using solar energy

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5667575A (en) * 1979-11-06 1981-06-06 Hitachi Zosen Corp Water production method utilizing solar heat
JPS62140691A (ja) * 1985-12-17 1987-06-24 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol 太陽熱利用による海水の淡水化装置
JPH02284686A (ja) * 1989-04-25 1990-11-22 Kubota Corp 太陽熱利用による純水製造装置
US5316626A (en) * 1989-09-15 1994-05-31 Blondel Guy Process and apparatus for the production of fresh water using solar energy
JPH03196889A (ja) * 1989-12-26 1991-08-28 Taiko Kikai Kogyo Kk 簡易造水器

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2323340A1 (es) * 2006-08-23 2009-07-13 Jacinto Manuel Portillo Cueva Sistema de desalacion de agua por energia solar.
CN102642964A (zh) * 2012-04-20 2012-08-22 黑龙江新金山环保工程有限公司 一种利用太阳能提升、处理污水可直接回用的设备
CN102774913A (zh) * 2012-08-17 2012-11-14 江苏金山环保科技股份有限公司 一种短流程复合膜污水处理设备

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