WO2004042163A2

WO2004042163A2 - Wire mesh screed

Info

Publication number: WO2004042163A2
Application number: PCT/US2003/034493
Authority: WO
Inventors: William J. Farrell; John M. Metrock
Original assignee: Blastcrete Equipment Company
Priority date: 2002-10-30
Filing date: 2003-10-30
Publication date: 2004-05-21
Also published as: WO2004042163A3; AU2003287278A1; US20070283647A1; US8499514B2; AU2003287278A8; CN101004095A; CN1771373A; US20040134158A1; US20060008324A1

Abstract

This invention relates to screed methods and building panels. According to the invention there is provided a construction panel comprising two outer wire mesh members and a middle member secured there between. The wire mesh members may have a plurality of V-shaped impressions along their length, which serve as a built in visual and mecahncial screed for finishing the panel with shotcrete or plaster. Alternatively, the wire mesh members may have a clipped-on-screed member attached thereto, which serves as a visual and mechanical screed for finishing the panel. The middle member may comprise a composite of alternating layers of wire trusses and polystyrene foam. The middle member may be secured in a compressed state and released after attachment to the wire mesh members.

Description

WIRE MESH SCREED Field of the Invention

This invention relates to construction materials. More particularly, this invention relates to panel screeds, screed panel systems and novel methods of construction panels for use in construction. Background of the Invention

Screed systems are known in the art. For example, in a traditional method of plastering a wall product, ceiling, or floor, without the placing of tiles on the wall product thereafter, wooden float strips are used to guide a straight edge across an area forming the wall product being plastered, while raking off excess mud, etc. left in the application of the mud. The float strips, or "screeds" are tapped into the prepared or wet mud, such as mortar, cement, or other suitable materials, with a separate level held against one or more of them to obtain a horizontal, vertical, or other orientation or plum. The float strips, straight edge, and the board carrying the mud itself, are usually wet before use so that they will not draw moisture out of the prepared mud. It is plumbed as much as possible, for the purpose of keeping the finished wall product or ceiling surfaces as straight as possible, however, a true planar wall surface is not generated with the traditional tools, and much is left up to the individual craftsman or novice.

As will be appreciated, the difficulties with prior art screed systems are particularly acute with respect to preparing walls, such as foundation walls for buildings. In many prior art techniques, a craftsman looking to plaster a wall would have to prepare initial mud columns by hand on the wall. These columns would be erected for accepting a screed which would be used to allow the wall to be filled and cut to a uniform depth. However, mud columns crafted by hand were never truly uniform and difficult and time consuming to construct. Other artisans have tried to overcome these difficulties by fabricating pre-formed screeds for attachment to building materials, thereby by-passing the need for hand made screed columns. However, these prior art methods still suffered from the drawbacks that they were labor intensive and had to be preformed on site. For example, the screeds could not be put into place until the building materials were in place and ready for finishing.

The foregoing underscores some of the problems associated with conventional building and finishing techniques and devices. Furthermore, the foregoing highlights the long-felt, yet unresolved need in the art for a screed system which allows for building materials, such as walls or wall panels or roof or floor panels, to be prefabricated and prepared for immediate finishing. Summary of the Invention

The present invention overcomes the practical problems described above and offers new advantages as well. One object of the invention is to provide a building panel ready for attachment and finishing. According to this object of the invention, one aspect of the invention is to provide a construction panel comprising a pair of wire mesh outer members and a middle member.

An advantage of the invention lies in that the wire mesh members may be configured to include a plurality of V-shaped impressions which will serve as a visual and mechanical built-in screed.

Another advantage of the invention lies in that a screed member or members may be attached to one or both wire mesh members to serve as a visual and mechanical built-in screed.

According to another aspect of the invention, the wire mesh members may be secured to the middle member, or alternatively to each other, such that a gap for receiving rebar or other support materials is left for ease of attachment to a foundation prior to finishing. An advantageous feature according to this aspect of the invention is that the wire mesh members may be welded or clipped with hog rings to the trusses to secure the middle member.

According to another object of the invention, the middle member comprises a sandwich of wire trusses and polystyrene materials. In accordance with this object of the invention, the wire trusses and polystyrene materials are compressed by compression means, such as a jig, and secured in the compressed state by clamping means until after the wire mesh members are attached. After attachment the clamping means is removed allowing the middle member to expand and exert a force on the wire mesh members.

Another object of the invention is to provide methods of making the aforementioned construction panels and methods for finishing the aforementioned panels.

Another object of the invention is to provide novel methods of installing the aforementioned construction panels and joining the panels to other panels or other construction components.

The invention as described and claimed herein should become evident to a person of ordinary skill in the art given the following enabling description and drawings. The aspects and features of the invention believed to be novel and other elements characteristic of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The drawings are for illustration purposes only and are not drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated. The drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The following enabling disclosure is directed to one of ordinary skill in the art and presupposes that those aspects of the invention within the ability of the ordinarily skilled artisan are understood and appreciated. Brief Description of the Drawings

The present invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, like reference numbers indicate identical or functionally similar elements.

Figure 1 is a picture of a basic panel member according to one embodiment of the invention.

Figure 2 is a picture of a piece of wire mesh for use in accordance with the some embodiments of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a picture of a modified piece of wire mesh for use in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a picture of a side view of a panel member according to one embodiment of the invention.

Figure 5 is a picture of a panel member and a screed blade for use according to one aspect of the invention.

Figure 6 is a picture of a clipped-on-screed according to another embodiment of the invention.

Figure 7 is an isometric view of a preferred embodiment of a finished panel member according to the invention.

Figure 8 is a side view of a preferred embodiment of a finished panel member according to the invention.

Figures 9A and 9B are cross-sectional side views of two different width finished panel members according to the invention. Figure 10 is a partial cross-sectional view of a panel member erected on a foundation or slab for use in a wall or corner assembly according to an embodiment of the invention.

Figure 11 is a photograph of the bottom of two panel members joined for use in a wall or corner assembly according to the invention.

Figure 12 is a close-up photograph of the metal clip depicted in Figure 11 for joining two panel members according to the invention.

Figure 13 is a photograph of panel members joined in a corner assembly according to the invention.

Figures 14A and 14B are photographs of a plastic clip for use in the plastic clip-angle iron assembly for aligning panels according to the invention.

Figure 15A and 15B are photographs of a corner assembly using the plastic clip-iron angle assembly according to the invention.

Figure 16 is a close-up photograph of a Z-clip according to the invention.

Figure 17 is a photograph of a Z-clip attached to a panel according to the invention.

Figure 18 is a close-up photograph of one end of a Z-clip inserted through two hog rings of a panel according to the invention.

Figure 19 is a front view of a jig table according to the invention.

Figure 20 is a top view of the jig table of Figure 19.

While the invention will be described and disclosed in connection with certain preferred embodiments and procedures, it is not intended to limit the invention to those specific embodiments and procedures. Rather it is intended to cover all such alternative embodiments and modifications as fall within the spirit and scope of the invention. Detailed Description of the Drawings

Generally, the present invention relates to novel screed devices and methods, and in particular the use of built-in or integral screeds. The present invention also relates to novel methods, techniques and equipment for erecting and joining novel prefabricated panels for various uses in the construction industry. While the present invention is described in connection with a construction panel having a built-in screed or a clipped-on screed, it will be readily appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art that the teachings of the present invention can be applied to a variety of construction needs in a variety of fields. In addition, while the present invention will be described in connection with erecting and joining prefabricated panels constructed according to the teaching herein, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the novel tools and methods described herein can be applied to a variety of construction needs in a variety of fields. For example, the panels of the present invention could be used in form and pour applications, such as setting up steel forms for a basement wall then dropping the panels inside the steel form.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is a construction panel for building a load bearing wall of a building. In its simplest form, as depicted in Figure 1 , construction panel 10 according to the invention comprises first and second wire mesh members 101 , 102 and a middle member 110 disposed therebetween. The wire mesh members 101 , 102 and the middle member 110 define a small gap 115 between the front 111 and back face 112 of middle member 110 and the wire mesh members 101 , 102. The coupling of the wire mesh members 101 , 102 to the middle member 110 is described below, as is the significance of small gap 115.

According to the invention, wire mesh members 101 , 102 can be of any suitable wire mesh or like material. Typically, wire mesh is manufactured as a grid of vertical and horizontal welded wire strands. Figure 2 depicts a presently preferred wire mesh material 101 for use in the present invention. As depicted in Figure 2, wire mesh comprises a 4 foot by 8 foot piece of 1"X1" wire mesh. Preferably, the wire mesh comprises 14-gauge galvanized wire mesh. More preferably, the wire mesh comprises a 14-gauge galvanized 1"X1" wire mesh with a welded 9-gauge wire as the lead wire to each screed as described in more detail below. Alternatively, the wire mesh comprises 9 gauge galvanized wire.

According to one embodiment, as depicted in Figure 3, wire mesh 102 is provided with two parallel V-shaped impressions 105, 106 along its length. Preferably, the impressions on a 48-inch wide piece of wire mesh will be spaced 30 inches apart from center, or 9 inches away from the leading edge of the panel. More preferably, the wire mesh will have two strands of 9 gauge wire (not shown) as the leading (apex) wires where the impressions are to be made. Also preferably, at least the leading wire, whether 9 gauge or not, will be coated with zinc to prevent rusting.

According to this embodiment, a 48-inch wide piece of wire mesh 102 is supplied with two V_ inch V-shaped impressions 105, 106 about 30 inches apart on center. Notably, after receiving the impressions, the wire mesh is reduced in width to approximately 47.25 inches.

Neither the distance between the impressions nor the number of impressions is critical to the invention and all such variations should be deemed to be within the scope of the invention. However, it is preferred in this embodiment to provide two impressions at no more than 40 inches apart.

In a presently preferred embodiment of the invention depicted in Figure 7, the construction panel 300, which the inventors refer to as the "Met-Rock Panel," includes three impressions in 48-inch mesh members 301 , 302. A first impression, or middle impression 304, is centered at approximately 24 inches, and two other impressions, or left and right impressions 305, 306, are positioned approximately 8 inches from their respective edges of the panel. One advantageous feature of this configuration, which will be elaborated on herein, is that once two or more panels are joined end to end, there will be an impression approximately every 16 inches. According to this embodiment, it is preferable that at least the leading wires 304, 305, 306, if not the whole mesh, comprises 9-gauge galvanized wire. Alternatively, in a presently preferred embodiment, the wire mesh members 301 , 302 comprise 1"X1" 14-gauge mill galvanized welded wire mesh with 9-gauge galvanized lead wires 304, 305, 306. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the materials of construction may be varied to take advantage of certain properties or to fit an intended use.

Additionally, as will be appreciated, the exact configuration and depth of the impressions is not critical and can be varied according the skill of one in the art to suit the intended purpose of the panel and the depth of finishing materials to be applied. Presently preferred depths for the impressions are about one half of the depth of the finishing material that is to be applied to the wire mesh or panel.

Turning back to Figure 1 , once the impressions 105, 106 are suitably made wire mesh members 101 , 102 are ready for mounting to middle member 110. Middle member 110 may comprise any suitable material for the intended use of the panel 10. In a presently preferred embodiment, middle member 110 comprises a sandwich composite of wire trusses and polystyrene foam material. In a particularly preferred embodiment, middle member 110 comprises a sandwich of nine wire trusses and eight pieces of polystyrene. The middle member composite will be compressed prior to being secured between the wire mesh members, although any suitable means for compressing the composite may be utilized, the present inventors have devised a novel methods and tools for compressing the composite.

As depicted in Figures 19 and 20, a jig table 800 is provided with eight (8) risers 801. Jig table 800 also includes nine (9) slots 802 disposed between (or on each side of) the risers to provide a gap between the risers 801. According to a presently preferred embodiment, the slots offer a 1" gap between the risers 801. The composite is positioned such that the wire trusses are dropped into each slot 802 and the polystyrene foam is positioned on top of each riser 801. Once the composite is in place, a jig press is positioned over the table and appropriately secured before the assembly process. The jig press is then manipulated to compress the composite up to 2.5 inches. According to a presently preferred embodiment, the risers are " high to ensure that gap 115 between the wire mesh members 101 , 102, and 301 , 302 and the middle member 110 and 310 is approximately ^ΛA inch. However, as will be appreciated in view of the teachings herein, if an increased thickness of finishing material, such as shotcrete or plaster, is desired on the sides of the panel the height of the risers 801 can be increased to the preferred size of gap 115. Changing the height of risers 801 will change the distance from the outer faces of the foam of the composite middle member 110 and 310 to the inside edge of the back face of the wire mesh members 101 , 102, and 301 , 302. However, the V-shaped notches will ensure that although the wire mesh members are no longer disposed in the middle of the finishing material, they remain Vz from the outer edge of the finished panel.

The compressed composite is held in the compressed state by clamps or other means of securing the composite from expansion. Once secured in the compressed state, the composite is ready for mounting of the wire mesh members 101 , 102 and 301 , 302. In preferred embodiment, the jig containing the composite is rotated from the horizontal to the vertical position to ease the securing of the wire mesh members 101 , 102, or alternatively, and more preferably, the jig can be rotated 180 degrees completely to the horizontal.

The wire mesh members 101 , 102 may be secured by any suitable means. According to one embodiment of the invention depicted in Figure 4, the wire mesh members are secured to sandwich middle member 110 by the use of hog rings attached to wire trusses on the panel ends. This means of securing the wire mesh members around the middle member is particularly preferred for panels using 1"X1" wire mesh.

In an alternative embodiment of the invention depicted in Figure 5, the wire mesh members are welded to the trusses. This means of securing the wire mesh members and the middle member is particularly preferred for panels using 2"X2" mesh.

As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, numerous methods of securing the wire mesh are possible. All suitable methods should be view as within the scope of the invention, as well as combinations of such methods. In a presently preferred embodiment, the truss comprises a zig-zag wire with an apex every 16 inches. The apexes are welded to a straight stay wire on both the top and bottom of the zig-zag wire. These truss wires are placed on the jig table and the foam placed between each truss, the trusses and the foam are compressed with the jig and secured in the compressed condition with clamps or other suitable means. Once compressed and secured, the wire mesh members are attached using hog rings to the stay wire (which is welded to the zig-zag wire) on the top, and then once the jig is rotated to 90 or 180 degrees, to the bottom stay wire. After the wire mesh members 101 , 102 are secured around the middle member 110, the composite is allowed to decompress. In other words, the clamp or means for holding the composite in the compressed state is removed. Quite unexpectedly, the present inventors have discovered that after decompression, a 48- inch panel which was reduced by the V-shaped compressions to 47.25 inches, expands back to the desired 48-inch width. In addition, advantageously, the panel remains tightly in tension.

After decompression, the panel composite 10 is ready for use. Panels may be assembled or attached to make a building, a wall, or any other suitable structure. For example, with buildings, the rebar extending from a concrete foundation or slab slides between the wire mesh and the middle member. The panel may then be wire tied. Other panels may likewise be placed on adjacent portions of the foundation and then connected to the previous panels. Panels may be connected by any suitable means. According to one embodiment, wire mesh is used to cover the panel seems by attaching the mesh with hog rings or any other suitable connector or connection means.

Once the building or other structure is erected, the panels are ready for finishing. Any suitable material may be used in finishing the panels, and will be dictated by the use and configuration of the panels. As will be appreciated in accordance with this embodiment, panels being used as wall will be finished with shotcrete or plaster. According to this embodiment, one inch of shotcrete or plaster is applied to the panel, and more preferably, to each side of the panel.

In view of the fact that there is a inch gap 115, see Figure 1 , between each wire mesh members 101 , 102 and the middle member 110, one inch of finishing material should result in the wire mesh being embedded about half way therein. In addition, given that the wire mesh was provided with two ! inch deep V- shaped impressions 105, 106, the apex 150 of the impressions serves as a visual screed for the application of the finishing materials and then as a mechanical screed (allowing a 48-inch blade to be slid up and down the apexes of the impressions) to ensure the wall is cut flat and ready to be finished with, for example, a stucco look.

Notably, as will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, the wall can be erected with the impressions running horizontally (see Figure 1) or vertically (see Figure 5). In either case, the panel can be cut with a screed blade running along the apexes of the V-shaped impressions.

In an alternative embodiment, rather than provide impressions in the wire mesh, a screed member 200 is physically or mechanically clipped onto wire mesh members by any suitable means, such as that depicted in Figure 6. The use of clipped-on-screed member is preferred for use with two in by two inch wire mesh. According to this embodiment, any suitable material may be used as middle member as previously described herein. In a preferred embodiment, when using two by two inch mesh, the wire mesh members are welded to middle member, more preferably, welded to wire trusses of middle member.

Clipped-on-screed member 200 may be constructed of any suitable material. In one embodiment, clipped-on-screed member comprises rigid wire, similar to that of the wire mesh members. Also, clipped-on-screed member can be configured to provide for any desired depth of finishing material, and can be attached to wire mesh members by any suitable means, such as wire tied or clipped. For large panels, it is preferred that multiple screed members be attached to the wall rather than attempting to use one long screed member to traverse the length of the panel. Once the clipped-on-screed member or members are positioned in its desired position, the panel may be finished as previously described herein.

In operation, a preferred method of making a panel according to this embodiment of the invention comprises taking a stacking of 9-gauge wire truss, or more preferably, a 3/16" diameter wire truss, with a dimension of 5 inches wide by 8 feet long into a holding press. An approximately 4 inch thick by 6 inch wide by 8 feet long piece of polystyrene is placed parallel and alongside the wire truss, then another truss, then another piece of polystyrene, until the panel has reached a desired width for the building panel. In this embodiment, 9 pieces of wire truss and 8 pieces of polystyrene foam are used. Once all these materials have been stacked like a sandwich into the panel press, the press will compress this composite by up to 2.5 inches and hold it in a compressed state until the wire mesh members can be attached to each side of the panel using !4 inch hog rings. The preferred wire mesh members in this embodiment are 48-inch pieces of 1"X1" 14-gauge wire mesh with 9-gauge welded lead wires. The wire mesh members are physically bent to define two inch V-shaped depressions (with the 9-gauge lead wires at their apex) along their length thereby diminishing the width of the members to approximately 47.25 inches.

After securing the hog rings, the panel is taken out from under the compression of the press and allowed to expand. Although not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the expansion of the polystyrene causes the width of the panel of this embodiment to recover from the approximately 47.25 inch width of the wire mesh back, at least approximately, to the desired 48-inch width which is needed for the building under construction. In addition, although not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the tension of the panel resulting from the impression screeds being formed on the wire mesh causes the panel to remain unexpectedly secure and to not lose its shape or dimension, even though the wire mesh is secured to the truss by only about 16 hog rings to 72 hog rings, in other words, without welding.

Figures 7-18 depict various aspects of a presently preferred embodiment of the invention the inventors refer to as the Met-Rock Panel. As previously mentioned, and as depicted in Figure 7, the construction panel 300 includes first and second wire mesh members 301 and 302 disposed on opposite sides a middle member 310. Trusses 320 are used on each end of the panel to ensure the sandwich composite of the wire mesh members 301 , 302 and middle member 310 are secured in their proper orientation. Figure 7 also shows a 1 3/16-inch layer of concrete 330 as a finishing material applied to both sides of the panel and smoothed using the three built in screed notches 304, 305, and 306.

Although any suitable materials and any suitable configurations are contemplated by the present invention, in a presently preferred embodiment, the wire mesh members comprise a 4 foot (48 inches) by 8 foot sheet of 1 inch by 1 inch 14- gauge wire mesh. Alternatively, and as depicted in some of the Figures, the material may be a 12-inch wide 14 gauge 1"X1" galvanized wire mesh. Preferably, the wire mesh members 301 , 302 will have %-inch pressed-in screeds 304, 305, 306 with welded 9 gauge galvanized leading wire. A central screed 304 is disposed on center and a left and right screed 305, 306 are disposed 16 inches of center in their respective directions. This configuration provides for screeds every 16 inches once two or more panels are joined end to end.

Middle member 310 may comprise any suitable material for the construction project undertaken. In a presently preferred embodiment of a support wall, the middle member 310 comprises readily available 2"X6", 4"X6", or 6"X6" polystyrene blocks. Figure 9A depicts a cross sectional view of a six inch (actually 6 3/8") wall connection using 4"X6" blocks of polystyrene foam insulation. Figure 9B depicts a cross sectional view of a 4 inch wall connection using 2" polystyrene foam insulation.

Wire trusses 320 may be of any suitable configuration and secured by any suitable means. In a presently preferred embodiment, the trusses comprises 3-inch, 5-inch or 7-inch welded galvanized truss attached using 11 gauge galvanized hog rings disposed every foot to 1"X1" 14 gauge mill galvanized welded end wires of wire mesh members 301 , 302 having built-in depth screeds. As depicted in Figure 8, presently preferred is a steel truss fabrication comprising a 3/16" gauge truss web 321 factory welded to a 3/16" wire cord 322 which is factory welded to each strut and grid. The truss may utilize a typical truss gauge of 73/16".

Figure 10 is a depiction of a panel 300 erected as a support wall. According to a preferred method of installing a 4-inch panel, two parallel chalk lines (not shown) spaced 4 % inches apart are made on the foundation or slab 400 where the panel is to be erected. These chalk lines are used to align 24" re-bar dowels 401 , 402 every two feet. Preferably, the dowels 401 , 402 are positioned such that the panel 300 will align with the first dowel 401 one-foot to the left of the centeriine of the panel and align with the second dowel 402 one-foot to the right of the centeriine of the panel.

Dowels 410, 402 are used to anchor panel 300 to the foundation or slab 400. A pair of 6 % inch deep holes 403, 404 are drilled into the foundation or slab 400 for receiving dowels 401 , 402. Dowels 401 , 402 are preferably anchored into the concrete with grout or epoxy 405. Notably, although not shown, there is preferably a matching pair of dowels, or corresponding dowels, disposed and anchored on the other side of the panel 300. The four dowels preferably ascend about 18 inches vertically from the slab 400.

The panel 300 is positioned vertically so that the dowels can slide into the ¹4 inch space (not shown) between the backside of the wire mesh member and the leading edge of the expanded polystyrene foam insulation. Preferably, about A inch of the foam is melted or removed from the back side of each dowel so that 1 A inch of shotcrete, plaster, or other suitable material can encapsulate each dowel. The dowels are then connected to the wire mesh 301 using wire ties (not shown), preferably two ties per dowel. However, any suitable securing means may be used. Once secured, the panel may be finished according to the methods previously discussed.

The lateral mating of two panels is depicted in Figures 11 and 12. Although any suitable means for securing panels at the seams may be used, in a presently preferred embodiment, if two or more panels are going to be connected laterally, the present inventors have developed a novel metal clip to use for this purpose. As shown in Figure 11 , after the chalk lines are laid, in addition to providing dowels 401 , 402 every 24 inches, a metal clip 500 is secured to the slab 400 using a pair of ¹ " diameter screws (not shown) wherever two panels 300 will meet to form a seam 510.

As best discerned from Figure 12, the presently preferred clip 500, which the inventors refer to as the "Met-Rock Metal Clip," is a 6" long and 5 3/16" wide 22 gauge galvanized metal clip with a 1 A inch metal flange 501 on each side of the clip 500. Obviously, the width of the clip will vary based on the size of wire trusses used to manufacture the panel 300. For example, the metal clip for a 3" truss will have an inside diameter of 3 3/16." Holes 502, preferably 3/8" in diameter, are drilled on each end of the clip on preferably, both the front 503 and back of the clip 500.

When two panels are two be erected and joined at a seam 510, it is presently preferred that a 12-inch lap of mesh be disposed on each panel at the seam using hog rings (not shown). Alternatively, as depicted in Figure 11 a 6-inch lap 520 may be used, although a 12-inch lap is presently preferred.

As shown in Figure 12, once the panels are positioned over the dowels and into the clip, wire tie 505 is inserted through the left front hole 502 of clip 500 for securing the wire mesh 301 of the right panel and the lap 520 of the left panel to the clip 500. Likewise, although not shown, the other three holes in the clip are disposed to allow a wire tie to secure a portion of the wire mesh of a panel and a portion of the lap of the adjacent panel to the clip.

The inventors have also developed novel methods and tools for securing construction panels in alignment until for finishing with, for example, shotcrete or plaster. These novel methods and tools are particularly useful when assembling panels in a corner or perpendicular configuration. Figures 13-15 depict four panels 601 , 602, 603, and 604. Panels 601 and 602 and panels 603 and 604 have been laterally mated according to the methods described above including the use of metal clip 500. At this juncture, panels 602 and 603 form a corner 620 which must be kept square for the application and hardening of a shotcrete, or other finishing material, application on the outside of the panels.

As best shown in Figures 14A and 14B, temporary clips 610, preferably made of plastic, have a plurality of hooking members 611 on one side and at least one slot 612 on the other side are snapped into wire mesh 301. The hooking members 611 are spaced apart and configured to be removably couplable to the wire mesh. The slot(s) 612 is configured to receive at least on rigid member 613. Preferably, rigid member 613 comprises an angle iron. In operation, the plastic clips 610, which the inventors refer to as the "Temporary Met-Rock Panel Plastic clips," are horizontally aligned and snapped into the wire mesh approximately every 36" off- center. Preferably, the clips 610 are attached approximately every 45" off-center horizontally. In the presently preferred embodiment, the clips 610 are designed to receive at least one piece of a 2"X2"X1/4" angled metal 613. For holding lateral panels 601 to 602 and 603 to 604, angled metal is a straight piece of angled metal 614. However, the clips are positioned on panels 602 and 603 near the corner for receiving an "L"-shaped piece, or elbow, of angled metal 615. As will be appreciated, when the metal members 614 and 615 are inserted into the slots 612 of the clips 610 (and in conjunction with metal clips 500 at the seams) the panels 601 , 602, 603, and 604 are held in the proper position for the outside to be finished with shotcrete. This configuration serves to hold the panels in alignment and the corners square. Once the shotcrete, or other finishing material has dried, the angled metal and clips are removed and the inside can be finished with shotcrete or other material.

Figures 16-18 depict yet another tool and method for manufacturing construction panels. To further secure wire mesh members 301 and 302, a "Z-clip" 700 may be used. As best shown in Figure 16, Z-clip 700 comprises a piece of metal, preferably 3/16" galvanized wire bent into a pseudo-Z shape configuration. The Z-clip has a body section 701 and a pair of parallel, but oppositely oriented arms 702, 703. The Z-clip 700 is sized to attach to each truss while manufacturing the Met-Rock Panel 300. As shown in Figure 17, the Z-clip's oppositely oriented arms 702, 703 are inserted through hog rings 705 disposed on each truss. As shown in Figure 18, it is presently preferred to have the oppositely oriented arms traverse two hog rings 705. The Z-clip is particularly recommended when the panels are used for roof and floor panels, as well as when used as a retaining wall or for cistern or pools and the like where ground or water pressure is a concern.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various adaptations and modifications of the above-described preferred embodiments can be configured without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Therefore, it is to be understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced other than as specifically described herein.

Claims

We claim:

1. A construction panel comprising: a first wire mesh member and a second wire mesh member, each said member being generally flat and having at least two parallel V-shaped impressions defined therein; and a middle member disposed between said first and second mesh members.

2. The construction panel of claim 1 , wherein the apex of said V-shaped impressions extend in a direction opposite said middle member.

3. The construction panel of claim 2, wherein said wire mesh members are attached to said middle member.

4. The construction panel of claim 3, wherein a gap is present between said wire mesh members and said middle member.

5. The construction panel of claim 4, wherein said gap is adapted to accept rebar for securing said panel.

6. The construction panel of claim 3, wherein said middle member comprises a plurality of layers, said layers comprising wire trusses and polystyrene foam.

7. The construction panel of claim 6, wherein said middle member comprises nine wire trusses and eight pieces of polystyrene disposed intermittent of each other.

8. The construction panel of claim 7, wherein said middle member is compressed and secured in the compressed state prior to attachment of said wire mesh members.

9. The construction panel of claim 8, wherein said middle member is compressed up to approximately 2.5 inches in a press and secured in the compressed state by a clamp which is released after the attachment of said wire mesh members.

10. The construction panel of claim 9, wherein said V-shaped impressions have a depth of about A inch and said panel has a width of about 47.25 inches prior to release of said clamp and a width of about 48 inches after the release of said clamp.

11. The construction panel of claim 1 , further comprising an outer layer disposed on at least one side of said panel.

12. The construction panel of claim 11 , wherein said outer layer comprises shotcrete or plaster.

13. The construction panel of claim 11 , wherein said wire mesh is disposed within said outer layer.

14. The construction panel of claim 13, wherein said V-shaped impressions have a depth of about inch and said outer layer has a depth of about 1 inch.

15. The construction panel of claim 13, wherein said outer layer is cut flat using said V-shaped impressions as a built-in screed.

16. The construction panel of claim 6, wherein said wire mesh comprises 1 inch by 1 inch mesh and said wire mesh members are manually attached to said wire trusses of said middle member using hog rings.

17. The construction panel of claim 6, wherein said wire mesh comprises 2 inch by 2 inch mesh and said wire mesh members are manually attached to said wire trusses of said middle member using hog rings.

18. A construction panel comprising: a pair of wire mesh members; a middle member disposed between said wire mesh members; a clipped-on-screed member attached to at least one of said wire mesh members.

19. The construction panel of claim 18, wherein said wire mesh members comprise 2 inch by 2 inch wire mesh and said wire mesh members are welded to said middle member.

20. The construction panel of claim 19, further comprising an outer layer comprising shotcrete or plaster, said outer layer being cut using said clipped-on- screed member as a screed.

21. A construction panel comprising: a pair of wire mesh members; a middle member disposed between said wire mesh members; means for securing said wire mesh members to said middle member; and an outer layer disposed on at least one side of said middle member and surrounding said wire mesh member.

22. The construction panel of claim 21 , wherein said middle member comprises wire trusses and polystyrene foam.

23. The construction panel of claim 22, wherein said means for securing said wire mesh members to said middle member comprises welding said wire mesh to said trusses.

24. The construction panel of claim 23, wherein said welding is an automated or semi-automated process.

25. The construction panel of claim 23, wherein said wire mesh comprises 2 inch by 2 inch mesh.

26. The construction panel of claim 25, further comprising a clipped-on- screed attached to at least on of said wire mesh members.

27. The construction panel of claim 21 , wherein said means for securing said wire mesh members to said middle member comprises clipping said members using hog rings.

28. The construction panel of claim 27, wherein said wire mesh comprises 1 inch by 1 inch mesh.

29. The construction panel of claim 28, wherein said wire mesh members also define a plurality of V-shaped impressions.

30. The construction panel of claim 29, wherein said panel is between about 47.25 inches to about 48 inches wide and said impressions are about 30 inches from center.

31. The construction panel of claim 29, wherein said panel is between about 47.25 inches to about 48 inches wide and includes a first impression at about 24 inches and a left impression about 8 inches from a left edge of said panel and a right impression about 8 inches from a right edge of said panel.

32. A method of making a construction panel comprising: making at least two parallel V-shaped impressions along a length of a wire mesh member; compressing a wire truss and polystyrene foam composite sandwich to form a compressed member; securing said compressed member in the compressed state; attaching a pair of mesh members to opposite sides of said compressed member to form composite member; unsecuring said compressed member; coating at least one side of said composite member.

33. The method of claim 32, further comprising cutting said coating using the apex of said V-shaped members as a mechanical screed.

34. The method of claim 32, wherein said wire mesh member is about 48 inches wide prior to receiving said impressions and about 47.25 inches wide after receiving two 34 inch deep impressions.

35. The method of claim 32, wherein said wire mesh member is about 48 inches wide prior to receiving said impressions and about 47 inches wide after receiving three 3 inch impressions.

36. The method of claim 32, wherein said compressing step comprises positioning at least part of said wire truss in slots formed between risers of a jig table and positioning at least a portion of said polystyrene foam adjacent said risers and contacting said composite with a jig press to compress said composite up to about 2.5 inches to form said compressed member.

37. The method of claim 36, wherein after said compressed member is released, said panel is forced from about 47 inches wide to 48 inches wide.

39. A method of making a construction panel comprising: compressing a wire truss and polystyrene foam composite sandwich to form a compressed member; securing said compressed member in the compressed state; attaching a pair of mesh members having clipped-on-screed members to opposite sides of said compressed member to form composite member; unsecuring said compressed member; coating at least one side of said composite member.

40. The method of claim 39, further comprising cutting said coating using the clipped-on-screed member as a mechanical screed.

41. A method of attaching a plurality of construction panels comprising: securing a plurality of dowels to a substrate, said dowels disposed on both sides of said panels; securing at least one clip to a substrate in an area where two panels will meet to form a seam; disposing a pair of panels having a gap between a middle member and front and back wire mesh members such that said dowels are disposed in said gap and said panels meet to form a seam in said clip; securing said clip to said panels.

42. The method of claim 41 wherein said clip comprises metal and defines a plurality of holes for receiving wire ties for securing said wire mesh members to said clip.

43. The method of claim 42 wherein said panels each include a lap of wire mesh for allowing said wire ties to secure both the wire mesh of a panel and the lap of an adjacent panel to said clip in an area adjacent each respective hole of said clip.

44. The method of claim 42 further comprising: removably coupling a plurality of clips to an inside area of said coupled panels; said clips positioned horizontally across said seam in at least one vertical position along said seam; coupling a rigid member with at least two clips; one clip being disposed on each side of side seam; wherein said rigid member aids in holding said panels in alignment; and applying a finishing material to an outside area of said panels.

45. The method of claim 44 further comprising removing said rigid member and said clips after said finishing material hardens.

46. The method of claim 45 further comprising applying a finishing material to an inside area of said panels after said clips and rigid member are removed.

47. The method of claim 41 wherein said panels meet perpendicularly.

48. The method of claim 47 wherein said panels meet to form a corner.

49. The method of claim 48 further comprising removably coupling clips on each side of said corner, said clips adapted to receive an L-shaped rigid member for holding said corner square; and applying a finishing material to the side of said panels opposite said clips and rigid member.

50. The construction panel of claim 28 further comprising a Z-clip having oppositely oriented arms on each end, said arms adapted for fitting through at least one hog ring associated with each of said wire mesh members.