WO2004042092A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur gaserückgewinnung - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur gaserückgewinnung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004042092A1 WO2004042092A1 PCT/EP2003/012259 EP0312259W WO2004042092A1 WO 2004042092 A1 WO2004042092 A1 WO 2004042092A1 EP 0312259 W EP0312259 W EP 0312259W WO 2004042092 A1 WO2004042092 A1 WO 2004042092A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- gas
- chamber
- compression
- stage
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
- C21D1/613—Gases; Liquefied or solidified normally gaseous material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2241/00—Treatments in a special environment
- C21D2241/01—Treatments in a special environment under pressure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for recovering gas from a process operating under pressure gas, for which gas is led from a high-pressure container into a closed chamber in which the process takes place, the gas being compressed for recovery with several compression stages and again is fed into the high pressure container.
- the invention relates to a device for recovering gas from a process operating with pressurized gas, which removes the gas from a high-pressure container and which takes place in a closed chamber.
- Gases under pressure are required in a large number of processes. These include processes in heat treatment, special processes in thermal spraying or laser welding. A recovery of gases is of particular importance in processes in which the gas is under high pressure, since the gas quantities used are very large and this process can therefore only be operated economically if the gas is circulated.
- the quenching process is a crucial step in the heat treatment of metallic workpieces. It is important that the workpieces are cooled very quickly and evenly so that undesirable changes in the material, such as phase transitions or fine cracks, which occur when the cooling is slow and uneven Adjust workpiece, stay away. It is therefore of crucial importance for quenching that a large amount of gas flows very quickly into a quenching chamber and builds up a high pressure there.
- the quenching process is as follows: When the workpiece is ready in the quenching chamber, a valve between the high-pressure container and the quenching chamber is opened and the gas flows abruptly from the high pressure accumulator into the quenching chamber.
- the pressure in the quenching chamber rises to approximately 20 bar, while the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator drops from the outlet pressure, which is approximately 30 bar, to approximately 22 bar.
- a valve is opened from the quenching chamber for discharging the gas. If the pressure in the chamber has dropped to ambient pressure, the quenching chamber is opened and the workpiece is removed.
- a separate closed container or a closed chamber into which the workpiece is introduced or the heat treatment furnace itself serves as the quenching chamber. Instead of a workpiece, a batch of workpieces can also be quenched.
- Gas recovery is usually implemented using a gas buffer.
- the gas buffer is generally a balloon and / or pressure vessel.
- the balloon expands when filled. Since the gas in the end of the balloon is under atmospheric pressure, the gas takes up a lot of volume and the filled balloon takes up a lot of space.
- the gas Before the gas is fed back into the high-pressure container, the gas must now be compressed from atmospheric pressure to the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator. Since this very large pressure difference cannot be bridged by a single-stage compressor, a multi-stage compressor is used.
- a multi-stage compressor In a multi-stage compressor, several compressors are connected in series. The lowest stage compresses the gas from the outlet pressure to a higher pressure. From this pressure, the next level in turn raises the pressure level to a higher level. Any number of stages can follow before the final stage finally reaches the final pressure in the high-pressure tank.
- a disadvantage of this method is the great energy loss which arises from the fact that the gas is firstly released from the high pressure of the chamber to the low pressure in the gas buffer during each quenching process and then subsequently compressed again to the high pressure of the high pressure chamber.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying a method which avoids these disadvantages of the known method and which, if possible, supplies the entire amount of gas available at ambient pressure to the gas recovery.
- the object is achieved in that the gas is compressed directly from the pressure present in the chamber, at least one further compression stage being used if the pressure in the chamber falls below a limit.
- gas is withdrawn from the chamber until the Pressure in the chamber reaches the limit of the suction pressure.
- the limit value of the intake pressure is determined by the design of the compression stage, since for each compressor there is a minimum intake pressure up to which the compressor can compress the gas to the required pressure and below which compression is no longer possible.
- a further compressor stage is switched on according to the invention.
- this second compression stage it is possible to withdraw the gas at the lower pressure from the chamber and to compress it for the subsequent stage.
- the pressure level currently present in the chamber is thus used sensibly at all times. Since there is a very high pressure in the chamber, especially at the beginning of the withdrawal, which is often only slightly below the pressure of the high-pressure container, and which decreases with the withdrawal, but is still very far above atmospheric pressure and then slowly approaches it, the method according to the invention can only be used to overcome the pressure difference that is currently between the chamber and the high-pressure container.
- a multi-stage compressor or a plurality of compressors connected in series are advantageously used.
- Two or three compression stages are particularly advantageous in order to bridge the entire pressure range from atmospheric pressure at the end of the emptying process to the pressure of the high-pressure container.
- the individual compression stages are fed directly in accordance with the falling discharge pressure of the chamber.
- the compression stages (n stages) are passed through one after the other, the gas being removed from the chamber with the lowest compression stage (first stage) and being fed into the high-pressure container with the highest compression stage (nth stage).
- the highest compression stage (nth stage) At the start of emptying, only one compression stage (nth stage) is used. This takes the gas from the chamber, compresses it and feeds it into the high-pressure container. The pressure in the chamber drops. If the limit of the highest level (nth level) is now fallen below, the next lower level ((n-1) -th level) is switched on according to the invention.
- This stage then takes the gas from the chamber and compresses it to an intermediate pressure which generally corresponds to the suction pressure of the highest stage (nth stage). From the intermediate pressure, the gas is then compressed to the final pressure in the highest stage and fed into the high-pressure tank. The pressure in the chamber continues to decrease as the withdrawal continues and the limit pressure up to which the (n-1) th compression stage works is reached.
- An (n-2) th compression stage is now added. It now represents the lowest compression level with which the removal and compression takes place at the lowest pressure level. The (n-1) th compression stage compresses the gas to the next higher pressure level and with the nth and highest stage the final pressure is finally reached.
- the pressure differences that are overcome with the individual stages are often of different sizes and are determined by the properties of the compressors in the respective compression stage. Any number of stages n can be run through for compression to the required final pressure. At the individual compression levels these are either different compressors connected in series or the individual stages of a multi-stage compressor. The various compressors or the different compression stages are used in accordance with the sequence according to the invention.
- the individual compressor stages have different compression capacities.
- the gas in the highest compression stage (nth stage), with which the gas is compressed before a further or (n-1) th stage is added, is particularly advantageous with the greatest compression performance of the individual Compression stages compressed. This can be done by appropriately dimensioning this compressor or by connecting several compressors in parallel. A high compression rate in the highest compression stage considerably reduces the time required for compression, since large amounts of gas are generated, especially at the beginning of the withdrawal.
- the pressure in the chamber is initially between 6 and 60 bar and in the high-pressure chamber between 8 and 62 bar.
- the quenching pressures in the quenching chamber which are common in heat treatment, are between 6 and 60 bar.
- the process according to the invention is used with particular advantage for the recovery of nitrogen, argon or helium and mixtures thereof.
- quenching is often done with nitrogen.
- the process according to the invention was therefore designed with particular advantages for the recovery of nitrogen.
- the recovery of other quenching gases such as argon or helium and mixtures of nitrogen, argon and helium is also possible with advantages. Since the method according to the invention is characterized by low investment costs, it enables economical recovery even for relatively inexpensive gases such as nitrogen. If expensive gases or gas mixtures are used for quenching, which have also been fed to recovery so far, the process according to the invention makes the recovery considerably cheaper.
- the object is achieved in that the chamber has at least two compressors connected in series, which at least two Form compression stages, or is connected directly to each compression stage of a multi-stage compressor via connecting lines without intermediate storage, the connecting lines containing opening and closing overflow regulators or shut-off elements which are connected to a switching unit controlling the shut-off elements, and the highest compression level (n -th stage) the series-connected compressor or the multi-stage compressor is connected to the high-pressure tank.
- the lines lead between the stages and feed the gas to the next higher compression stages.
- the compression stages that are above this stage are only reached by the gas after compression in this stage. If there is no higher level, the gas enters the high-pressure tank.
- Overflow regulators or shut-off elements shut off the lines that lead to the lower compression stages and effect the supply line in higher compression stages.
- Overflow regulators are mechanical regulators that determine the pressure in front of the valve and open or close according to this pressure.
- the switching unit controls the shut-off elements.
- the switching unit preferably includes a pressure sensor for determining the pressure in the chamber.
- the overflow regulators open and close, or the switching unit adjusts the shut-off elements in such a way that a further, lower compression stage takes over the compression in the pressure range which is below the previous compression stage, and the previous stage compresses the gas coming from the lower level.
- the switching unit switches on or on the next lower compression stage ((n -1) th stage) and so on until all compression stages are in operation.
- the switching unit is connected to a pressure sensor arranged on the chamber.
- one or more compression stages comprise a plurality of compressors connected in parallel, since the compression performance of a stage increases due to the parallel connection. Appropriate dimensioning also increases the compression performance of a compression stage.
- the method and the device according to the invention are used with particular advantages in the quenching process in the heat treatment.
- FIG. 1 shows a high-pressure container 1, a quenching chamber 2 assigned to a heat treatment, compressors 3, 4, shut-off elements 5, 6, 7, a switching unit 8 with a pressure sensor 9, the lines 10, 11 and a gas supply 12.
- the workpieces are located for a quenching process in the quenching chamber 2.
- a pressure p1 of 30 bar prevails in the high-pressure container 1, for example filled with nitrogen. If the valve 5 is now opened, the gas suddenly flows from the high-pressure container 1 into the quenching chamber 2. The pressure in the high-pressure container drops from 30 to 22 bar and the pressure in the quenching chamber increases to 20 bar. Then the shut-off element 5, which, like the other shut-off elements, is designed as a valve, is closed.
- the workpieces can now be cooled by means of the quenching gas circulated. After cooling, the gas is recovered from the quenching chamber.
- valve 6 is first opened, while valve 7 remains closed.
- the gas flows via line 10 into the compressor 4, which forms the nth compression stage, where it is compressed to 30 bar and passed into the high-pressure container 1.
- the pressure p2 in the quenching chamber consequently drops.
- valve 6 is closed and the shut-off element 7 is opened.
- the gas now passes through line 11 into the compressor 3, which forms the (n -1) th compression stage, and from there further into the compressor 4 forming the nth compression stage.
- the direct path into the compressor 4 via the line 10 is blocked by the shut-off member 6.
- the control of the shut-off elements is carried out by the switching unit 8.
- the switching unit 8 is assigned the pressure sensor 9, which measures the pressure p2 in the quenching chamber. If the limit value pressure is now determined in the quenching chamber 2 with this pressure sensor, the switching unit 8 carries out the switching process.
- the gas is consequently first compressed in the compressor 3 to, for example, 6 bar, before it is compressed in the compressor 4 to 30 bar and fed into the high-pressure container 1.
- the gas supply 8 is required to put the circuit into operation and to compensate for gas losses.
- FIG. 2 shows another advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention.
- the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1 denote the same elements.
- overflow regulators 12, 13 and a valve 14 For gas recovery after the quenching process in the quenching chamber 2, the valve 14 is first opened.
- the overflow regulator 13, which is attached in the connecting line 11, is closed at the beginning of the recovery, while the overflow regulator 12 of the connecting line 10 is open.
- the gas passes from the quenching chamber 2 via the connecting line 10 into the compressor 4 and is compressed with the compressor 4 to the pressure p1 of the high-pressure container 1 and fed into it.
- the pressure p2 drops in the quenching chamber 2.
- the compressor 4 thus represents the nth compression stage.
- the overflow regulator 12 closes and the overflow regulator 13 opens.
- the gas now passes from the quenching chamber into the compressor 3, where it depends on the suction pressure of the
- Compressor 4 is compressed. Then it is compressed by the compressor 4 to the pressure p1 of the high-pressure container and fed into the high-pressure container 1. Consequently, the gas from the quenching chamber and from the pressure p2 present in the quenching chamber is compressed without intermediate storage first from the (n ⁇ 1) th compression stage and then from the nth compression stage to the pressure p1 of the high-pressure container.
- the method according to the invention can be used, for example, when hardening steel tools.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compressor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2003283342A AU2003283342A1 (en) | 2002-11-05 | 2003-11-03 | Method and device for recycling gas |
EP03775284A EP1570093A1 (de) | 2002-11-05 | 2003-11-03 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur gaser ckgewinnung |
US10/533,912 US20060165533A1 (en) | 2002-11-05 | 2003-11-03 | Method and device for recycling gas |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2002151486 DE10251486A1 (de) | 2002-11-05 | 2002-11-05 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gaserückgewinnung |
DE10251486.0 | 2002-11-05 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004042092A1 true WO2004042092A1 (de) | 2004-05-21 |
Family
ID=32115243
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2003/012259 WO2004042092A1 (de) | 2002-11-05 | 2003-11-03 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur gaserückgewinnung |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060165533A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1570093A1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2003283342A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10251486A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004042092A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1661852A3 (de) * | 2004-11-19 | 2008-11-19 | Seco/Warwick Sp. Z O.O. | Vorrichtung zum Abschrecken in geschlossenem Kreislauf mittels Wasserstoff |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2879474B1 (fr) * | 2004-12-16 | 2008-06-13 | Air Liquide | Procede d'epuration d'un melange entrant comportant du dioxyde de carbone (co2) et du monoxyde de carbone (co) en vue de l'elimination du monoxyde de carbone (co) contenu dans ce melange |
WO2010144255A1 (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2010-12-16 | Carrier Corporation | Refrigerant system with multiple load modes |
US10570783B2 (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2020-02-25 | Hanwha Power Systems Co., Ltd | Power generation system using supercritical carbon dioxide |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5158625A (en) * | 1990-04-04 | 1992-10-27 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Process and apparatus for heat treating articles while hardening in gaseous medium |
EP1211329A2 (de) * | 2000-12-04 | 2002-06-05 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Hochdruckgasabschrecken in einem Schutzgasofen |
FR2835907A1 (fr) * | 2002-02-12 | 2003-08-15 | Air Liquide | Installation de trempe par gaz et procede de trempe correspondant |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS608497A (ja) * | 1983-06-29 | 1985-01-17 | Hitachi Ltd | 多段圧縮機の容量調節装置 |
US5344480A (en) * | 1992-05-05 | 1994-09-06 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Pressurizing with and recovering helium |
EP0757179B1 (de) * | 1995-07-31 | 2002-03-27 | MAN Turbomaschinen AG GHH BORSIG | Kompressionsvorrichtung |
MY125082A (en) * | 1999-12-15 | 2006-07-31 | Shell Int Research | Compression apparatus for gaseous refrigerant |
US6973375B2 (en) * | 2004-02-12 | 2005-12-06 | Mykrolis Corporation | System and method for flow monitoring and control |
-
2002
- 2002-11-05 DE DE2002151486 patent/DE10251486A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-11-03 AU AU2003283342A patent/AU2003283342A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-11-03 WO PCT/EP2003/012259 patent/WO2004042092A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-11-03 EP EP03775284A patent/EP1570093A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-11-03 US US10/533,912 patent/US20060165533A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5158625A (en) * | 1990-04-04 | 1992-10-27 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Process and apparatus for heat treating articles while hardening in gaseous medium |
EP1211329A2 (de) * | 2000-12-04 | 2002-06-05 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Hochdruckgasabschrecken in einem Schutzgasofen |
FR2835907A1 (fr) * | 2002-02-12 | 2003-08-15 | Air Liquide | Installation de trempe par gaz et procede de trempe correspondant |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1661852A3 (de) * | 2004-11-19 | 2008-11-19 | Seco/Warwick Sp. Z O.O. | Vorrichtung zum Abschrecken in geschlossenem Kreislauf mittels Wasserstoff |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1570093A1 (de) | 2005-09-07 |
AU2003283342A1 (en) | 2004-06-07 |
US20060165533A1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
DE10251486A1 (de) | 2004-05-19 |
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