WO2004029521A1 - Systeme de concentration optique - Google Patents

Systeme de concentration optique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004029521A1
WO2004029521A1 PCT/BG2003/000036 BG0300036W WO2004029521A1 WO 2004029521 A1 WO2004029521 A1 WO 2004029521A1 BG 0300036 W BG0300036 W BG 0300036W WO 2004029521 A1 WO2004029521 A1 WO 2004029521A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
concentrating
parabola
optical
collimating
optical concentrating
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/BG2003/000036
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Georgi Lukov Gushlekov
Original Assignee
Georgi Lukov Gushlekov
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Georgi Lukov Gushlekov filed Critical Georgi Lukov Gushlekov
Priority to AU2003266873A priority Critical patent/AU2003266873A1/en
Publication of WO2004029521A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004029521A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
    • G02B19/0038—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with ambient light
    • G02B19/0042—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with ambient light for use with direct solar radiation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/79—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with spaced and opposed interacting reflective surfaces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0004—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed
    • G02B19/0019—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed having reflective surfaces only (e.g. louvre systems, systems with multiple planar reflectors)
    • G02B19/0023—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed having reflective surfaces only (e.g. louvre systems, systems with multiple planar reflectors) at least one surface having optical power
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S2023/87—Reflectors layout
    • F24S2023/878—Assemblies of spaced reflective elements in the form of grids, e.g. vertical or inclined reflective elements extending over heat absorbing elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a modular optical concentrating system intended for concentrating of parallel light rays applying several different approaches and will be used in solar energy devices and other optical system.
  • a fixed-dish, high-precision concentrator composed of details with spherical or parabolic reflective surfaces to allow accurate aiming towar the focal point.
  • An array of heliostasts flat or a slightly concave surfaces covering large surfaces, which redirects light to the dish.
  • the disadvantages of this system arise from the necessity of sophisticated driving of the system, the big unemployment surface, and mutual overlapping of heliostats. It is difficult to maintain and protects from harsh weather and other environmental conditions due to the nature and size of the construction.
  • Another solution includes a large dish with a receiver located at its focal point, which transforms concentrated light into useful energy.
  • a receiver located at its focal point, which transforms concentrated light into useful energy.
  • the weight of the receiver which must be driven simultaneously with the dish.
  • the receiver overshadows the concentrator, while flexible coupling is needed to supply high temperature working fluid.
  • protection from harsh environment conditions is far from being solved.
  • the aim of the invention is to create a modular optical concentrated system, referred to hereinafter "the system", which surmount the shortcomings of the system described above.
  • the concept includes the development and implementation of a construction, allowing the manufacture of systems comprising equal or similar elements that are technically easy to produce. Secondly, these elements should not be interfering among themselves.
  • the third aim is to resolve the heating problems mentioned above.
  • the final aim is to build a facility, easy to fold and unfold in working (erected) position, when it is necessary, without disturbing the optical properties and functions of the system.
  • the system comprises multitude equal or similar elements, composed of reflective surfaces in the form of concentrating parabola and functional curve.
  • the reflective surface in the form of functional curve of each element is located on the rear side of the reflective surface in the form of a concentrating parabola in such a way, that the incident parallel light rays reach the concentrating parabolic surface freely and the outgoing light beams reach their final destination unhindered.
  • the functional curve is a collimating parabola, which focus is identical with the one of its relevant concentrating parabola.
  • both parabolic surfaces can be located in such a way, that the outgoing light beams be parallel to each other, one beside the other while being orthogonal to the incident ones. It is also possible to position both parabolic surfaces, so that the outgoing light beams are at an angle, different from 90°, to the incident ones.
  • the concentrating and its relevant collimating parabolic surfaces are located in such a way, that the outgoing light beams are gathered aside or behind the system on a surface, whose size could be at least corresponding to the size of one outgoing light beam.
  • the collimating parabola could have such parameter and positioning that the area of the reflective surface of its shape be a function of the thermal energy it dissipates, provided the concentration ratio is maintained constant. Furthermore, the concentrating and its relevant oppositely located collimating parabolic surfaces can create a module.
  • the functional curve could be made as a part of hyperbola, and one of its foci coincide with the focus of its relevant concentrating parabola.
  • the outgoing light rays are concentrated at its second focus, which is also common for the system and can be located aside or behind it.
  • the parameters and location of the hyperbolically formed reflecting surface could be made in such a way that its area to be a function of the dissipated thermal energy, saving the ratio of concentration while its second focus is located aside or behind the system.
  • additional subsidiary dissipating area of shape which allows the folding of the system, be added to reflective surfaces of functional curve shapes, realized as a collimating parabola or hyperbola.
  • additional dissipating area and the areas shaped as functional curve and concentrating parabola can form a module with closed space, which can serve for forced cooling.
  • the equal or similar elements described above made up of reflective surfaces with the shape of concentrating parabola and functional curve, allow the system to fold and unfold while functioning.
  • the working condition of the elements is ensured by supports located on carriers whose number equals the number of the elements.
  • Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show classical mirror system for concentrating incident parallel light rays of size a in outgoing light beam of concentrated parallel light rays (referred to as outgoing light beam for short) of size b.
  • the outgoing light beam is orthogonal, in Fig 2 - parallel to the incident light rays and the collimating parabolic surface 2 is contrary arranged to the incident light rays.
  • typical assembly of reflectors of the Cassegrain type is presented. It consists of reflective surfaces in the forms of concentrating parabola 1 and hyperbola 3.
  • One of the hyperbola's foci of the surface 3 coincides with the parabola 1 foci, and the other is common for the entire system F 0 .
  • the outgoing light rays are concentrated behind the system, while in Fig. 3 - aside to it.
  • the incident parallel light rays of a dimension a are focused at the system's common focus F 0 .
  • Fig. 5 shows system of two equal elements, arranged in such a way that incident parallel light rays of 2a size are transformed into outgoing light beam of 2b size.
  • Fig. 6 represents an embodiment of the system from Fig. 5, in which the outgoing light beams are again parallel to each other, but are turned on at an angle, different from 90°, to the incident ones.
  • the incident parallel light rays of 2a size are converted again into outgoing light beam of 2b size.
  • Fig. 7 is yet another embodiment of a Fig. 6, but the outgoing light beams converges to one place. In such a way the incident parallel light rays of 2a size (or bigger) are concentrated to a place of a size of one particular outgoing light beam b.
  • Fig. 8 is an embodiment of a Fig. 7, but the outgoing light beams are gathered behind the system and the collimating parabolic surfaces 2 are situated oppositely to the incident light rays. The incident parallel light rays of 2a size (or bigger) are concentrated to a place of a size b.
  • Fig. 9 is functionally analogous to Fig. 1, but the collimating parabolic surface 2 has an area, commensurate to the aperture a of the concentrating parabolic surface 1.
  • the incident parallel light rays of size a are narrowed to outgoing light beam of size b.
  • Fig. 10 shows a system, composed of elements, shown in Fig. 9, which transforms the incident parallel light rays of a size 2a into outgoing light beam of a size 2b.
  • Fig. 11 is similar to Fig. 10 with the only difference that the angle of deflection of the outgoing light beams is different from 90°.
  • the incident parallel light rays of size 2a are transformed into outgoing light beam of size 2b.
  • Fig. 12 refers to Fig. 11, but bigger concentration of outgoing light beams is achieved: the incident parallel light rays of size 2a (or bigger) are concentrated to an area of size b.
  • Fig. 13 is a system of elements, comprising of parabolic 1 and hyperbolic 3 reflective surfaces, sharing a common focus (focal line) of concentration F 0 , without mutual blockage, and the heat load of hyperbolic part 3 is accepted by the much more bigger surface of the covering parabolic part 1.
  • Fig. 14 refers to Fig. 4, but the surface of the hyperbolic reflective surface 3 is commensurate with the aperture a of the concentrating parabolic one 1.
  • Fig. 15 is a system composed of elements, shown in Fig. 14, sharing a common focus F 0 for the entire system.
  • Fig. 16 shows how the problem of precise positioning in working
  • the classical optical concentrating system in the art comprises concentrating parabolic surface 1 with a focus (focal line, in case of cylindrical surfaces) F coinciding with the focus of the collimating parabola 2.
  • the incident parallel light rays of size a in Fig. 1 fall upon the reflective surface of the concentrating parabola 1 and are concentrated at the focus (focal line) F.
  • the concentrating ratio a/b to the outgoing collimated light beam can be changed by varying the parameter of the collimating parabola 2.
  • the outgoing light beam changes only its path, without changing the concentration of the collimated light rays.
  • the problems of this widely known system are two: the first one is the need of cooling the collimating surface 2, which, as a rule, is much smaller than the concentrating one 1. It can be resolved without applying forced cooling by thermally coupling the collimating 2 to the concentrating 1 parabolic surface as well as by ensuring additional cooling surface 4, as shown in Fig. 6.
  • the problem can also be resolved by enlarging the area of the collimating surface 2 to allow for maintaining the heating within permissible limits, as is shown in Fig. 9 ⁇ 12.
  • the other problem is the overshadowing of a portion of the concentrating parabolic surface 1 and a portion of useful incident light rays is lost while the collimated surface 2 heats additionally. As shown in the explanation hereinafter, this problem can also be resolved.
  • Fig. 5 shows a system comprising of two identical pairs of parabolas with coinciding foci (focal lines) Fj.
  • the collimating parabolic surface 2 with focus (focal line) Fi is mounted on the rear side (invisible for incident light rays) of the concentrating parabolic surface 1 with a focus (focal line) F 2 :
  • This type of positioning provides for greater space and size of the collimating parabolic surface 2 (respectively, the hyperbolic 3), as well as for adding of additional dissipating surfaces.
  • the outgoing light beams are parallel to each other and practically touch each other, i.e. they are summed up. In this way the incident light rays of size 2a are transformed into the outgoing light beam of size 2b.
  • Fig. 6 shows an embodiment of the system in Fig, 5, in which the pairs of concentrating 1 and collimating 2 parabolic reflective surfaces with common foci (focal lines) F i? are located by pairs on one axis, but the collimating parabolic reflective surfaces 2 are turned around their relevant foci (focal lines) at a precisely determined angle to this axis. In this way deflection of the outgoing light beams at angles, different from 0° or 90°, is realized.
  • the collimating parabolic reflective surface 2 is hidden again behind the big concentrating parabolic surface 1 and is connected to it.
  • the outgoing light beams are also parallel to each other and practically touch each other, i.e. they are summed up. But they can also converge to various degrees depending on the needed concentration.
  • the maximum is shown in Fig. 7.
  • the outgoing light beams from the entire system are converged in an area of size b, which is the size of one separate outgoing light beam.
  • the parabolas of the concentrating surfaces 1 have equal parameters, as well as the parabolas of the collimating surfaces 2, but they are turned round their relevant foci Fj at different angles.
  • Fig. 9 is an embodiment of Fig.
  • the collimating parabolic surface 2 has the area of size a, commensurate to the aperture of the concentrating parabolic surface 1.
  • the parameter of the collimating parabola of the surface 2 should be much smaller than that in Fig. 1.
  • the heating of the collimating parabolic surface 2 is practically commensurate to that of the concentrating parabolic surface 1 from Fig. 1.
  • the area of the collimating parabolic surface 2 can be enlarged depending on the needed dissipated heat power.
  • the increased capacity of heat dissipation and the possibility of utilizing it in systems, using total internal reflection, can be added to the advantages described above.
  • Collimating parabolic surfaces 2 do not interfere with concentrating ones 1 and the outgoing light beams.
  • the advantages of the system, configured in this way, as compared to the one described in Fig. 5, are: 1.
  • the collimating parabolic surface 2 do not load additionally thermally the concentrating parabolic surface 1; 2.
  • the preciseness of the mutual location of both parabolic reflective surfaces can be achieved much more easily in the process of manufacturing.
  • Fig. 13 shows much greater concentration in the point (line) F 0 , outside the scope of the accepting construction.
  • the well-known Cassegrain configuration shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, has a monolithic construction.
  • the hyperbolic reflective surface 3 is mounted on the rear side (unreachable for the incident light rays) of the concentrating parabolic surface 1 from the previously described parabola-hyperbola pair. In this way it is quite possible to assemble a big concentrating optical system according to purpose of the invention with all the advantages, mentioned above.
  • the cost of the larger concentration is due to the different parameters of the hyperbolas 3.
  • the heating of hyperbolic surface 3 is commensurate to that of the concentrating parabolic surface 1 from Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 15 demonstrates the possibility of assembling a big optical concentrating system from elements, shown in Fig. 14, in which the concentrating parabolas 1 are of equal parameters, while the hyperbolas 3 have different parameters, so that all the incident light rays are focused in point F 0 .

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
  • Lenses (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de concentration optique modulaire constitué de plusieurs éléments identiques ou analogues. Ce système est composé de surfaces réfléchissantes en forme de parabole de concentration (1) et de courbe fonctionnelle, notamment une parabole collimatrice (2) ou une hyperbole de concentration (3). La zone de dissipation supplémentaire (4, 5) de forme appropriée peut être ajoutée à la surface en forme de courbe fonctionnelle (2, 3) pour permettre au système de se plier dans une position repliée.
PCT/BG2003/000036 2002-09-25 2003-09-23 Systeme de concentration optique WO2004029521A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003266873A AU2003266873A1 (en) 2002-09-25 2003-09-23 Optical concentrating system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BG107146A BG65247B1 (bg) 2002-09-25 2002-09-25 Оптична концентрираща система
BG107146 2002-09-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004029521A1 true WO2004029521A1 (fr) 2004-04-08

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AU (1) AU2003266873A1 (fr)
BG (1) BG65247B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004029521A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006042713A1 (de) * 2006-09-12 2008-03-27 Solar Dynamics Gmbh Optisches System zur Lichtrichtung und Fokussierung solarer Strahlung
ITMC20090061A1 (it) * 2009-03-24 2010-09-25 Fabio Marchetti Concentratore solare ad alto rendimento.
WO2014058542A1 (fr) * 2012-10-08 2014-04-17 Ut-Battelle, Llc Concentrateur solaire à fibre optique désaxé modulaire
US9025249B2 (en) 2013-09-10 2015-05-05 Ut-Battelle, Llc Solar concentrator with integrated tracking and light delivery system with summation
US9052452B2 (en) 2013-09-09 2015-06-09 Ut-Batelle, Llc Solar concentrator with integrated tracking and light delivery system with collimation

Citations (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3118437A (en) * 1960-09-15 1964-01-21 Llewellyn E Hunt Means for concentrating solar energy
US3224330A (en) * 1961-12-22 1965-12-21 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Optical reflecting system for redirecting energy
US3950079A (en) * 1974-08-19 1976-04-13 Raytheon Company Steerable catoptric arrangements
US4079724A (en) * 1976-02-06 1978-03-21 Daniel Zwillinger Radiant energy collector panel and system
US4090495A (en) * 1975-08-28 1978-05-23 Motorola, Inc. Solar energy collector
US4183349A (en) * 1977-11-25 1980-01-15 Frye John S Thermal induction unit
US4222370A (en) * 1978-05-17 1980-09-16 Degeus Arie M Nontracking concentrating solar collector
WO1980002712A1 (fr) * 1979-06-08 1980-12-11 Koester Patente Gmbh Installation pour la commande automatique du flux solaire incident
US4293192A (en) 1980-05-27 1981-10-06 Bronstein Allen I Solar reflector with flexible sheet tightly secured around form surfaces
US4439020A (en) 1981-02-13 1984-03-27 Nihon Chemical Plant Consultant Co., Ltd. Sunrays focusing apparatus
US4467194A (en) * 1981-09-18 1984-08-21 Honeywell Inc. Omnidirectional electro-optical receiver
US4690355A (en) 1985-10-11 1987-09-01 Erno Raumfahrttechnik Gmbh Solar energy collector
US5002379A (en) * 1989-04-12 1991-03-26 Murtha R Michael Bypass mirrors
US5054466A (en) 1987-02-27 1991-10-08 Harris Corporation Offset truss hex solar concentrator
RU2000524C1 (ru) 1990-09-20 1993-09-07 нович Эдуард Владимирович Тверь Концентратор солнечного излучени
WO1997013104A1 (fr) 1995-10-02 1997-04-10 Hwa Rang Pak Systeme optique concentrateur et appareil utilisant une lumiere concentree
US6276359B1 (en) * 2000-05-24 2001-08-21 Scott Frazier Double reflecting solar concentrator
DE10062102A1 (de) * 2000-12-13 2002-06-20 Laing Oliver Strahlenlenkung

Patent Citations (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3118437A (en) * 1960-09-15 1964-01-21 Llewellyn E Hunt Means for concentrating solar energy
US3224330A (en) * 1961-12-22 1965-12-21 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Optical reflecting system for redirecting energy
US3950079A (en) * 1974-08-19 1976-04-13 Raytheon Company Steerable catoptric arrangements
US4090495A (en) * 1975-08-28 1978-05-23 Motorola, Inc. Solar energy collector
US4079724A (en) * 1976-02-06 1978-03-21 Daniel Zwillinger Radiant energy collector panel and system
US4183349A (en) * 1977-11-25 1980-01-15 Frye John S Thermal induction unit
US4222370A (en) * 1978-05-17 1980-09-16 Degeus Arie M Nontracking concentrating solar collector
WO1980002712A1 (fr) * 1979-06-08 1980-12-11 Koester Patente Gmbh Installation pour la commande automatique du flux solaire incident
US4293192A (en) 1980-05-27 1981-10-06 Bronstein Allen I Solar reflector with flexible sheet tightly secured around form surfaces
US4439020A (en) 1981-02-13 1984-03-27 Nihon Chemical Plant Consultant Co., Ltd. Sunrays focusing apparatus
US4467194A (en) * 1981-09-18 1984-08-21 Honeywell Inc. Omnidirectional electro-optical receiver
US4690355A (en) 1985-10-11 1987-09-01 Erno Raumfahrttechnik Gmbh Solar energy collector
US5054466A (en) 1987-02-27 1991-10-08 Harris Corporation Offset truss hex solar concentrator
US5002379A (en) * 1989-04-12 1991-03-26 Murtha R Michael Bypass mirrors
RU2000524C1 (ru) 1990-09-20 1993-09-07 нович Эдуард Владимирович Тверь Концентратор солнечного излучени
WO1997013104A1 (fr) 1995-10-02 1997-04-10 Hwa Rang Pak Systeme optique concentrateur et appareil utilisant une lumiere concentree
US6276359B1 (en) * 2000-05-24 2001-08-21 Scott Frazier Double reflecting solar concentrator
DE10062102A1 (de) * 2000-12-13 2002-06-20 Laing Oliver Strahlenlenkung

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006042713A1 (de) * 2006-09-12 2008-03-27 Solar Dynamics Gmbh Optisches System zur Lichtrichtung und Fokussierung solarer Strahlung
ITMC20090061A1 (it) * 2009-03-24 2010-09-25 Fabio Marchetti Concentratore solare ad alto rendimento.
WO2010108969A1 (fr) * 2009-03-24 2010-09-30 Fabio Marchetti Concentrateur solaire
WO2014058542A1 (fr) * 2012-10-08 2014-04-17 Ut-Battelle, Llc Concentrateur solaire à fibre optique désaxé modulaire
US9052452B2 (en) 2013-09-09 2015-06-09 Ut-Batelle, Llc Solar concentrator with integrated tracking and light delivery system with collimation
US9025249B2 (en) 2013-09-10 2015-05-05 Ut-Battelle, Llc Solar concentrator with integrated tracking and light delivery system with summation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BG65247B1 (bg) 2007-09-28
BG107146A (en) 2004-03-31
AU2003266873A1 (en) 2004-04-19

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