WO2004024651A1 - Garbage treatment by anaerobic decomposition with bacteria - Google Patents

Garbage treatment by anaerobic decomposition with bacteria Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004024651A1
WO2004024651A1 PCT/VN2003/000003 VN0300003W WO2004024651A1 WO 2004024651 A1 WO2004024651 A1 WO 2004024651A1 VN 0300003 W VN0300003 W VN 0300003W WO 2004024651 A1 WO2004024651 A1 WO 2004024651A1
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Prior art keywords
treatment
garbage
bacteria
additives
decomposition
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PCT/VN2003/000003
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French (fr)
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Ninh Thuan Urban Facilities Company
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Publication of WO2004024651A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004024651A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to treatment of solid waste, particularly to conversion of garbage into a microorganic organic fertilizer, wherein the decomposition from decomposable organic components of garbage to compost is carried out under the effect of anaerobic bacteria at elevated temperature.
  • waste Due to diverse compositions, sanitary waste is subject to various classifications. It is however possible to consider waste having three components, namely water, biodegradable components such as food ends and odds, refuse from processing of food, farms, waste paper, scraps of paper and/or fabric, etc. and non-biodegradable components such as debris, scraps of metals, ceramic, glass, and dust and ash from combustion of fuel, etc.
  • biodegradable components such as food ends and odds
  • non-biodegradable components such as debris, scraps of metals, ceramic, glass, and dust and ash from combustion of fuel, etc.
  • garbage treatment method By far the most common garbage treatment method is burying, also called “landfill”. Only a minor part of garbage, particularly the toxic waste materials from hospitals is treated by burning. Besides, recently some places have carried out the conversion from garbage to microorganic fertilizers. The factors determining a garbage treatment method include investment, treatment cost and critically the capacity of environmental protection. In the recent years, in addition to other methods, treatment of garbage with the effect of microorganisms is noteworthy thanks to the limitless capacity of the biotechnology.
  • landfill is also a way of treatment of garbage with the effect of microorganisms in natural conditions. That is the cheapest yet it is only feasible providing that land is not costly and transport is convenient. Still, this method has many other shortcomings.
  • landfills garbage is gathered and piled up for natural decomposition under the effect of unselective microorganisms. Therefore, landfills may become sources emitting microorganisms and offensive smells that deteriorate landscapes and ecosystems. Leakage, the liquid generated from the decomposition of garbage, is mixed with rainwater then after a certain time, the resultant solution penetrates lower soil layers, polluting underground water and threatening the health of people residing nearby.
  • garbage is filled in pits which are rendered waterproof with kaolin or other waterproof materials.
  • the leakage is collected at the bottom of the landfills and separately treated with specific equipment and technologies. Since methane is emitted and accumulated from the anaerobic decomposition of organic matters, fire and explosive easily occur, this landfilling method should be accompanied with machines for ventilating and burning out methane for fully or partly reducing the fire and explosive risks.
  • toxic gases produced from the decomposition can still leak out of the surface-coating soil layer and pollute the air.
  • this method requires large surface areas near urban areas so as to reduce the cost of transporting garbage to the treatment places.
  • EM has been used in garbage treatment for deodorizing with EM being sprayed to garbage at the collection points or dumps.
  • the decomposition of organic substances is quicker and particularly, it does not emit gases of offensive smells such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, etc.
  • this method fails to settle the nuisance of leakage.
  • treatment of garbage by means of landfilling and spraying of EM still required complicated and expensive equipment and technologies for dealing with the leakage.
  • garbage treatment today Another way of garbage treatment today is aerobic fermentation. Nevertheless, the activities of aerobic bacteria require the regular mixing of the garbage piles to be treated. Therefore, garbage should be classified and in many cases, it should be dried prior to aerobic decomposition. Furthermore, this should accompany with a system to collect the gases emitting from the decomposition then to burn out the gases for energy recovery and at the same time, for treatment of toxic gases that might emit from the aerobic decomposition. As such, this method still requires large yards for gathering and classifying garbage, not to mention complicated equipment and costly operation and above all, it fails to fully get over the difficulties in connection with leakage.
  • the invention relates to a garbage treatment method to deal with the aforementioned problems.
  • Another object of the present invention is a simple garbage treatment method with common equipment that can be manufactured with ease.
  • the present invention is to carry out the garbage treatment through anaerobic decomposition at an elevated temperature under the effect of bacteria.
  • Fig. 1 shows the flow chart of the garbage treatment according to the present invention.
  • the garbage treatment according to the present invention composes of the steps as follows:
  • EM effective micro-organisms
  • garbage is transported from the collection points to the receiving yards of the treatment zone, where EM is sprayed the second time, then garbage is mixed with primary additives, then conveyed to pits of anaerobic decomposition at elevated temperature. After decomposition, the resulting compost is separated from the non-degradable substances and possibly used as a microorganic fertilizer.
  • the bacteria accelerating the anaerobic decomposition is the group of at least 5 species selected from actinomycetes, phototrophic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, fungi and ferment.
  • the present invention employs such microorganic products, preferably EM which has been widely used.
  • the solution of EM to be sprayed to garbage is the 1/10 water solution prepared from EM.
  • the EM solution to be sprayed to garbage prior to anaerobic decomposition is the 1/10 solution of EM in water.
  • garbage is mixed with primary additives with the dose of 5 kg per 1 m of garbage. This is the feature differentiating the invention from other known methods of using EM.
  • the bacterial anaerobic decomposition is carried out at a temperature lower than 45°C and furthermore, when the temperature exceeds 45°C side-reactions occur. Therefore, one of the advantages of the present invention when compared with the known methods of using EM is that by means of combination of EM, additives and cellulose-decomposing bacteria, the anaerobic decomposition is carried out at elevated temperatures, preferably 50 to 80°C.
  • the decomposition is carried out at a temperature lower than 50°C, the moisture of garbage cannot escape then leakage is produced. In opposite, if the temperature is higher than 80°C, side reactions are likely to occur, some species of bacteria become irrecoverably deactivated and the resulting compost is of poor quality.
  • the decomposition can last 30 to 45 days. Usually, anaerobic decomposition equipment has fair thermal isolation. Therefore, the decomposition is also dependent on the ambient temperature.
  • the decomposition is maintained at elevated temperature for a long time, water in garbage is converted into moisture and escaped gradually during the whole decomposition. Consequently, the garbage treatment according to the present invention does not produce leakage, and then there is no need for complicated and costly equipment yet no environmental pollution is secured.
  • the separation is carried out after the anaerobic decomposition at elevated temperature. In this step, a major part of biodegradable organic matters have already been converted into compost, leaving a minor part of slow-biodegradable organic matters.
  • An advantage of the garbage treatment according to the present invention is that the compost has low moisture, therefore is easy to be separated into compost and others including slow biodegradable matters, and non-biodegradable ones such as metals and plastics, etc. by mean of mechanical separation methods such as sifting, screening or manually.
  • the separation of the process according to the present invention can be performed easily without complicated equipment for prevention of air pollution, bacterial pollution or offensive smells.
  • the garbage treatment according to the present invention helps simplify the technology and equipment, reduce the initial investment and operation cost as well.
  • Another advantage is that thanks to compost of low moisture, it is possible to remove non-degradable components in the form of relatively clean by-products.
  • the main non-degradable components are plastic packaging which are relatively clean and ready for manufacturing renewable products such as garbage bags.
  • non-biodegradable components are conveyed to landfills or recovery sites.
  • Slow biodegradable organic matters such as fann refuse, grass and the like, etc, are ground, then mixed with secondary additives and used as microorganic fertilizers.
  • the temperature gradually decreases and the bacteria in EM return to be active, decomposing the organic matters that have not been decomposed in previous steps and as a result, the quality of the resultant organic fertilizers is improved.
  • the resultant compost has the contents varying with the composition of the beginning garbage.
  • the compost resulted from the garbage treatment according to the present invention has the protein content of 4 to 7%, phosphor content 0.5 to 1 % and potassium 7 to 21%, i.e. it can be used as an organic fertilizer.
  • An advantage of the organic fertilizers from the garbage treatment of the present invention is that the compost has high concentrations of useful bacteria, thereby the advantageous features of EM as a crop stimulant, soil improving agent and insect repellent are retained.
  • the garbage treatment according to the present invention has an advantage of low initial investment and operational cost as well.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to treatment of solid waste, preferably garbage, wherein the biologically decomposable organic matters are anaerobically decomposed in a process jointly using EM (effective micro-organisms) and some other bacterial species and common cheap additives. The anaerobic decomposition is carried out at an elevated temperature, whereby a major part of the moisture in the waste matter is evaporated, not producing garbage leakage and as a result, the initial investment in equipment and machinery as well as operational expenses are low. Besides, compared with burying methods, the garbage treatment according to the invention necessitates a smaller surface area and causes no pollution to the surrounding environment. Therefore, it can be utilized for residential and industrial zones. The product of the decomposition is a micro organic fertilizer that can be used in farms.

Description

GARBAGE TREATMENT BY ANAEROBIC DECOMPOSITION WITH BACTERIA
Field of the invention:
The present invention relates to treatment of solid waste, particularly to conversion of garbage into a microorganic organic fertilizer, wherein the decomposition from decomposable organic components of garbage to compost is carried out under the effect of anaerobic bacteria at elevated temperature.
Background of the invention:
An environmentally adverse impact during urban development is the volume of waste, particularly solid waste, increasing unceasingly because of people's aggregation during which the natural environment is no longer capable of self-destroying waste matters, particularly those having long or very long decomposition and associating with the modern society such as plastic packaging. Therefore, one of the primary issues of urban administration is management of solid waste, and above all, sanitary waste.
Due to diverse compositions, sanitary waste is subject to various classifications. It is however possible to consider waste having three components, namely water, biodegradable components such as food ends and odds, refuse from processing of food, farms, waste paper, scraps of paper and/or fabric, etc. and non-biodegradable components such as debris, scraps of metals, ceramic, glass, and dust and ash from combustion of fuel, etc.
By far the most common garbage treatment method is burying, also called "landfill". Only a minor part of garbage, particularly the toxic waste materials from hospitals is treated by burning. Besides, recently some places have carried out the conversion from garbage to microorganic fertilizers. The factors determining a garbage treatment method include investment, treatment cost and critically the capacity of environmental protection. In the recent years, in addition to other methods, treatment of garbage with the effect of microorganisms is noteworthy thanks to the limitless capacity of the biotechnology.
In practice, landfill is also a way of treatment of garbage with the effect of microorganisms in natural conditions. That is the cheapest yet it is only feasible providing that land is not costly and transport is convenient. Still, this method has many other shortcomings.
At the landfills, garbage is gathered and piled up for natural decomposition under the effect of unselective microorganisms. Therefore, landfills may become sources emitting microorganisms and offensive smells that deteriorate landscapes and ecosystems. Leakage, the liquid generated from the decomposition of garbage, is mixed with rainwater then after a certain time, the resultant solution penetrates lower soil layers, polluting underground water and threatening the health of people residing nearby.
At the advanced landfills, where the treatment method called "hygienic burying" is applied, garbage is filled in pits which are rendered waterproof with kaolin or other waterproof materials. The leakage is collected at the bottom of the landfills and separately treated with specific equipment and technologies. Since methane is emitted and accumulated from the anaerobic decomposition of organic matters, fire and explosive easily occur, this landfilling method should be accompanied with machines for ventilating and burning out methane for fully or partly reducing the fire and explosive risks. However, toxic gases produced from the decomposition can still leak out of the surface-coating soil layer and pollute the air. Furthermore, this method requires large surface areas near urban areas so as to reduce the cost of transporting garbage to the treatment places. It also needs a large initial investment in the treatment zone with complicated and expensive equipment and technology specifically for the leakage and methane. With regard to tropical nations like Vietnam, the method is more ineffective since the humidity and temperature are high all year round, the decomposition is quick and at the same time, because of high contents of organic matters, the volume of leakage is large. The volume of the leakage is even larger in the rainy season such that it is necessary to have an additional area for tanks where the leakage mixed with rainwater is stored to the extent that the leakage treatment system can cover. Therefore, the investment in garbage treatment according to the method is large when the price of land, particularly urban land, is taken into account. Besides, due to high atmospheric humidity and temperature, garbage in tropical regions like Nietnam usually decomposes at the time of collection, producing the leakage and offensive smells, and polluting the environment before it has not been transported yet to the treatment site.
In a bid to improve the organic decomposition under the effect of microorganisms, in recent years Higa Teruo invented EM (effective microorganisms) wherein selective bacteria were used for speeding up the conversion of organic substances.
EM has been used in garbage treatment for deodorizing with EM being sprayed to garbage at the collection points or dumps. Under the effect of selected bacteria, the decomposition of organic substances is quicker and particularly, it does not emit gases of offensive smells such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, etc. However, this method fails to settle the nuisance of leakage. In other words, treatment of garbage by means of landfilling and spraying of EM still required complicated and expensive equipment and technologies for dealing with the leakage.
In addition to the uses of selective bacteria, which are isolated and combined at certain proportions, for various purposes such as treatment of the effluent from alcohol houses, crop growth stimulation, soil improvement, repelling of insects, deodorization, and improvement of water environment, US Patents 5,591,634 and 5,707856 granted to Higa Teruo also described the use of some specific bacteria for conversion of biodegradable components of garbage into compost. Nevertheless, since the anaerobic decomposition is carried out at a temperature of between 25°C and 45°C, this method is still faced with treatment of leakage.
Another way of garbage treatment today is aerobic fermentation. Nevertheless, the activities of aerobic bacteria require the regular mixing of the garbage piles to be treated. Therefore, garbage should be classified and in many cases, it should be dried prior to aerobic decomposition. Furthermore, this should accompany with a system to collect the gases emitting from the decomposition then to burn out the gases for energy recovery and at the same time, for treatment of toxic gases that might emit from the aerobic decomposition. As such, this method still requires large yards for gathering and classifying garbage, not to mention complicated equipment and costly operation and above all, it fails to fully get over the difficulties in connection with leakage.
The classification of garbage with help of water has made a significant improvement for aerobic fermentation methods but at the same time it produces a large volume of leakage and contaminated water from the classification step.
There are also some methods of treatment in which the bacterial fermentation is combined with evaporation of the water content of garbage by means of the heat that is recovered by burning methane or biogas produced during the fermentation. Nevertheless, complicated equipment for monitoring the fermentation and drying is requisite to this method, not to mention equipment for collecting gases produced by the fermentation then burning out for the drying step. Furthermore, garbage should be well classified prior to treatment so as to ensure the yield and duration of the fermentation.
The invention relates to a garbage treatment method to deal with the aforementioned problems.
Disclosure of the invention
It is an object to the present invention to render a garbage treatment method that produces no offensive smells and toxic gases, and particularly no leakage from the decomposition of garbage.
It is another object of the present invention to give a garbage treatment method in that there is no need to classify garbage before treatment, then the non-degradable matters are removed easily. Another object of the present invention is a simple garbage treatment method with common equipment that can be manufactured with ease.
To reach that ends, the present invention is to carry out the garbage treatment through anaerobic decomposition at an elevated temperature under the effect of bacteria.
Brief description of drawings
Fig. 1 shows the flow chart of the garbage treatment according to the present invention.
Descriptions of embodiments
It should be understood in the description hereunder that the contents and proportions of microorganic compositions and additives can be changed in accordance with the specifications of the compositions, preferably EM, and therefore the description is for clarifying the invention without limiting the scope of claims.
As shown in Fig. 1, the garbage treatment according to the present invention composes of the steps as follows:
- First spraying of a microorganic composition
- Second spraying of the microorganic composition and mixing with primary additives
- Anaerobically decomposing at an elevated temperature to compost
- Separating
- Grinding the slowly degradable organic matters and mixing with secondary additives and compost
In an embodiment of the present invention, EM (effective micro-organisms) is sprayed the first time to garbage at the collection points, thereafter garbage is transported from the collection points to the receiving yards of the treatment zone, where EM is sprayed the second time, then garbage is mixed with primary additives, then conveyed to pits of anaerobic decomposition at elevated temperature. After decomposition, the resulting compost is separated from the non-degradable substances and possibly used as a microorganic fertilizer.
According to US Patent 5,707,856, the bacteria accelerating the anaerobic decomposition is the group of at least 5 species selected from actinomycetes, phototrophic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, fungi and ferment. The present invention employs such microorganic products, preferably EM which has been widely used.
Dependent on the concentrations and effective concentrations of the microorganic products, preferably EM, it is possible to prepare water solutions at various proportions for suitable use in specific steps. Furthermore, according to the characteristics and composition of garbage, particularly the proportions of the substances that can be decomposed to gases of offensive smells, it is possible to spray solutions of EM at various concentrations for different steps of the treatment. For example, at the step of spraying EM for deodorizing at the garbage collection points, an EM solution of 1/50 to 1/30 is used with the dose of 500 ml/m3 of garbage. This step targets at deodorizing.
At the receiving yards, the solution of EM to be sprayed to garbage is the 1/10 water solution prepared from EM.
The EM solution to be sprayed to garbage prior to anaerobic decomposition is the 1/10 solution of EM in water.
Besides, garbage is mixed with primary additives with the dose of 5 kg per 1 m of garbage. This is the feature differentiating the invention from other known methods of using EM.
The use of primary additives brings in the extraordinary efficiency of EM. Although the causes have not been experimentally studied, the author of the present invention states that primary additives stimulate the growth of bacteria, particularly cellulose- decomposing bacteria, at the initial phase of the decomposition, thereby they increase the capability of decomposing of biogradable organic matters. Therefore, dependent on the requirements of the growth of bacteria, a person skilled in the art can make change in the contents and doses of additives to a limitless extent. It is possible to use common nutrients such as starch, cellulose, sugar and vitamin-rich substances, preferably rice bran, sawdust, treacle and slops as additives.
As described in the patents granted to Teruo Higa, the bacterial anaerobic decomposition is carried out at a temperature lower than 45°C and furthermore, when the temperature exceeds 45°C side-reactions occur. Therefore, one of the advantages of the present invention when compared with the known methods of using EM is that by means of combination of EM, additives and cellulose-decomposing bacteria, the anaerobic decomposition is carried out at elevated temperatures, preferably 50 to 80°C.
In case that the decomposition is carried out at a temperature lower than 50°C, the moisture of garbage cannot escape then leakage is produced. In opposite, if the temperature is higher than 80°C, side reactions are likely to occur, some species of bacteria become irrecoverably deactivated and the resulting compost is of poor quality.
At the initial phase when the temperature is lower than 45°C, the garbage block is decomposed under the effect of bacteria that exist in EM and a major part of the matters, which can be decomposed anaerobically with offensive smell, is almost fully decomposed. Nevertheless, this phase lasts for 1 to 2 days. Thereupon, when the temperature becomes higher than 45°C, bacteria in EM turn to anabiosis and right at that time, cellulose-decomposing bacteria start their strong action. This phase last for the balance of the process.
Dependent on characteristics of garbage, temperature and moisture of garbage blocks, the decomposition can last 30 to 45 days. Usually, anaerobic decomposition equipment has fair thermal isolation. Therefore, the decomposition is also dependent on the ambient temperature.
Since the decomposition is maintained at elevated temperature for a long time, water in garbage is converted into moisture and escaped gradually during the whole decomposition. Consequently, the garbage treatment according to the present invention does not produce leakage, and then there is no need for complicated and costly equipment yet no environmental pollution is secured.
Under the effect of bacteria, organic matters can be decomposed biologically to compost and carbon dioxide without emitting toxic or stingy gases such as sulfur compounds. It is easy to deal with carbon dioxide with common-use methods such as bubbling through lime solution.
Although it is possible to employ numerous cellulose-decomposing species for the anaerobic decomposition at elevated temperature according to the present invention. For instance Streptomyces and Tricoderma, Tricoderma sp. is employed in a preferred embodiment for its high activities and good resistance to temperature as high as 120°C.
The separation is carried out after the anaerobic decomposition at elevated temperature. In this step, a major part of biodegradable organic matters have already been converted into compost, leaving a minor part of slow-biodegradable organic matters. An advantage of the garbage treatment according to the present invention is that the compost has low moisture, therefore is easy to be separated into compost and others including slow biodegradable matters, and non-biodegradable ones such as metals and plastics, etc. by mean of mechanical separation methods such as sifting, screening or manually. Compared with the classification of garbage according to other known garbage treatment processes, the separation of the process according to the present invention can be performed easily without complicated equipment for prevention of air pollution, bacterial pollution or offensive smells. In other words, the garbage treatment according to the present invention helps simplify the technology and equipment, reduce the initial investment and operation cost as well.
Another advantage is that thanks to compost of low moisture, it is possible to remove non-degradable components in the form of relatively clean by-products.
Particularly in Nietnam, metallic components are not left in garbage at the collection points. Therefore, the main non-degradable components are plastic packaging which are relatively clean and ready for manufacturing renewable products such as garbage bags.
After separation, non-biodegradable components are conveyed to landfills or recovery sites. Slow biodegradable organic matters such as fann refuse, grass and the like, etc, are ground, then mixed with secondary additives and used as microorganic fertilizers. During the packaging and storing at warehouses before use it as fertilizers, the temperature gradually decreases and the bacteria in EM return to be active, decomposing the organic matters that have not been decomposed in previous steps and as a result, the quality of the resultant organic fertilizers is improved.
Similar with primary additives, although the causes have not been experimentally studied, the author of the invention states that secondary additives play the role of stimulants in the growth of bacteria, then increasing the decomposition of biodegradable organic matters. It is possible to use normal nutrients such as starch, cellulose, sugar, fats and vitamin-rich substances, preferably rice bran, sawdust, treacle, slop and oil cake as additives.
The resultant compost has the contents varying with the composition of the beginning garbage. Usually, the compost resulted from the garbage treatment according to the present invention has the protein content of 4 to 7%, phosphor content 0.5 to 1 % and potassium 7 to 21%, i.e. it can be used as an organic fertilizer.
An advantage of the organic fertilizers from the garbage treatment of the present invention is that the compost has high concentrations of useful bacteria, thereby the advantageous features of EM as a crop stimulant, soil improving agent and insect repellent are retained.
With the implementation by means of common equipment such as sprayers, belt conveyors, mixers, anaerobic decomposers, vibratory sifters and the like, the garbage treatment according to the present invention has an advantage of low initial investment and operational cost as well.
Because a major part of garbage is converted into microorganic fertilizers while non- degradable components are easily recovered, the volume of the irrecoverable and non- degradable proportions is very small. Therefore, the area required for burying or treating them is insignificant when compared with the economic benefits that the garment treatment according to the present invention brings about.

Claims

GARBAGE TREATMENT BY A METHOD OF ANAEROBIC DECOMPOSITION IN COMBINATION WITH BACTERIACLAIMS:
1. The treatment converting a solid waste into a micro-organic fertilizer and recoverable by-products, consisting of:
- First spraying of a microorganic composition
- Second spraying of the microorganic composition and mixing with primary additives
- Anaerobically decomposing at an elevated temperature
- Separating
- Grinding and mixing with secondary additives and compost
2. The treatment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solid waste is sanitary waste
3. The freatment as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the temperature of the anaerobic decomposition is 50°C to 80°C.
4. The freatment as claimed in claims 1 to 3, wherein the duration of the anaerobic decomposition is 30 to 45 days.
5. The freatment as claimed in claims 1 to 4, wherein the microorganic composition is EM (effective micro-organisms) in combination with a cellulose-decomposing bacteria
6. The treatment as claimed in claims 1 to 5, wherein the cellulose-decomposing bacteria is Trichoderma sp.
7. The freatment as claimed in claims 1 to 5, wherein the cellulose-decomposing bacteria is Streptomyces sp.
8. The treatment as claimed in claims 1 to 5, wherein the cellulose-decomposing bacteria is Fusarium sp.
9. The freatment as claimed in claims 1 to 5, wherein the cellulose-decomposing bacteria is Clostridium sp.
10. The treatment as claimed in claims 1 to 5, wherein the cellulose-decomposing bacteria is a combination of 4 bacteria, namely Trichoderma sp., Clostridium sp., Fusarium sp., and Streptomyces sp.
11. The treatment as claimed in claims 1 to 10, wherein the primary additives and the secondary additives are the nutrients that stimulate the growth of bacteria existing in the microorganic composition.
12. The treatment as claimed in claims 1 to 11, wherein the primary additives are nutrients selected from the group consisting of sugar, cellulose and vitamins.
13. The treatment as claimed in claims 1 to 12, wherein additives is a mixture of rice bran, sawdust and treacle.
14. The freatment as claimed in claims 1 to 13, wherein the secondary additives are nutrients selected from the group consisting of sugar, lipids and vitamins.
15. The treatment as claimed in claims 1 to 14, wherein the primary additives are nutrients selected from the group consisting of rice bran, oil cake and treacle.
PCT/VN2003/000003 2002-09-16 2003-09-16 Garbage treatment by anaerobic decomposition with bacteria WO2004024651A1 (en)

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CN107986859A (en) * 2017-11-30 2018-05-04 浦江县欧立生物技术有限公司 The preparation method of selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer
CN108117442A (en) * 2017-11-30 2018-06-05 浦江县欧立生物技术有限公司 A kind of foliage fertilizer for wheat
CN108285396A (en) * 2018-05-04 2018-07-17 河南科技学院 A method of utilizing the pest-resistant compoiste fertilizer of agricultural organic waste fermenting and producing
CN109160159A (en) * 2018-07-23 2019-01-08 成都理工大学 A kind of residents in rural community classification method and its sorting device
JP7405331B2 (en) 2021-03-02 2023-12-26 Ｆｌａｖｏｒ株式会社 Fermented compost manufacturing method

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CN107935691A (en) * 2017-11-30 2018-04-20 浦江县欧立生物技术有限公司 The preparation method of Solanum organic composite fertilizer
CN107935692A (en) * 2017-11-30 2018-04-20 浦江县美泽生物科技有限公司 The preparation method of asparagus lettuce incremental fertilizer
CN107986859A (en) * 2017-11-30 2018-05-04 浦江县欧立生物技术有限公司 The preparation method of selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer
CN108117442A (en) * 2017-11-30 2018-06-05 浦江县欧立生物技术有限公司 A kind of foliage fertilizer for wheat
CN108285396A (en) * 2018-05-04 2018-07-17 河南科技学院 A method of utilizing the pest-resistant compoiste fertilizer of agricultural organic waste fermenting and producing
CN109160159A (en) * 2018-07-23 2019-01-08 成都理工大学 A kind of residents in rural community classification method and its sorting device
CN109160159B (en) * 2018-07-23 2021-04-20 成都理工大学 Rural domestic garbage classification method and classification equipment thereof
JP7405331B2 (en) 2021-03-02 2023-12-26 Ｆｌａｖｏｒ株式会社 Fermented compost manufacturing method

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