WO2004020912A2

WO2004020912A2 - Universal base plate for solar production of current and hot water, heat and cold distribution, and method for making same

Info

Publication number: WO2004020912A2
Application number: PCT/DE2003/002898
Authority: WO
Inventors: Günter W. LÜTZE
Original assignee: Uti Holding + Management Ag
Priority date: 2002-08-31
Filing date: 2003-08-31
Publication date: 2004-03-11
Also published as: DE10393665D2; EP1590174A2; WO2004020912A3; AU2003293552A8; AU2003293552A1

Abstract

The invention concerns a universal base plate made of metal and plastic, which can be designed, mainly so as to cover a large surface and advantageously in terms of use and price, in a single hot pressing-cooling operation. Said product provides three functions, namely photovoltaic current production, solar cell cooling and hot water production. Said base plate can be punctually screwed, nailed and deformed, several such base plates can be adjacently mounted seamless so as to cover the entire surface of a roof or a front panel, to constitute wall and ceiling facing, and to be used as a floor heating device. Such a base plate generates heat both by radiation and by convection. The invention also concerns a method for making such a universal base plate.

Description

Universal base plate for solar power and hot water generation, heat distribution and cooling as well as processes for their production

description

Heat collection collectors or heat exchangers are available in many sizes and types, from a whole range of materials and for many areas of application. Radiant heat, in particular, is usually used via liquids for their own heating and for air or gas heating, just like warm air for warm air heating. The same applies to cooling.

The many areas of application such as heating via collectors, heating registers and plates, for heating water boilers and heat stores, the use of radiant heat via solar collectors and the cooling of rooms via cooling collectors are just a few examples of what such devices and equipment are necessary for.

A number of manufacturing materials and types for heat collectors and heat exchangers have size and weight limitations, which then require the use of multiple individual devices or device areas to obtain the performance required for the application. The very high costs that then arise are also very often disruptive if, for example, radiant heat is to be used for water heating and this is also to be represented optically. This fact very often leads to the fact that the devices are brought into molds, the production costs of which prevent mass use from a price / performance point of view. It also very often plays a role that usable plastics alone do not allow permanent use.

Solar collectors as heat generators are also available in a wide variety of designs, such as those made and used in a simple manner from plastic for swimming pool heating and in a more complex version for water heating and domestic heat generation, usually as a roof installation or roof construction module.

Photovoltaic systems for power generation are currently mainly assembled from small cells and therefore require a considerable amount of material and effort.

Now also to the future-oriented use of solar technology, which will play a significant role: The invention is therefore concerned with pressing a simple heat collector made of two metal sheets by a thermoplastic plastic connection, this by applying a photovoltaic laminate or thin-film film or else To supplement the simple photovoltaic cells of any make and, if necessary, to stabilize them in the same thermoplastic hot-pressing process with integrated support core with additional, outer sheet metal cover so that it can be self-supporting and even wind and snow-bearing.

Such a solar heat collector can only be used as such or as a small or large photovoltaic module with a heat collector for roofing as well as a large or small-sized facade panel or outer wall cladding.

The distance between the two metal plates or sheets of the collector is generated in that one of the sheets, which is designed as a countersunk metal plate with a plurality of perforations, each of which has upturns at the height of the desired sheet spacing, by means of flowing plastic in a thermoplastic hot-pressing process be connected to a smooth metal plate. The plastic and sheet metal are connected about the previous application of a rough adhesion promoter already in the rolling process at the required points, namely the sides of the sheet covered by the plastic.

A second way is to place such countersunk hole metal plates with the edges of the holes hole by hole so that the total distance is formed by the two edges of the holes.

The outer side of the upper, smooth metal sheet in the first process is either dark-colored coated, chromated or anodized. The second way is to darken the plastic for good direct heat absorption.

The edge closures between the plates of the resulting collector are made with plastic strips, which are also integrated thermoplastic during pressing. For fastening the base plate to a substrate within the collector surface there is the generally customary possibility of gluing, but also according to the invention instead of the smaller perforation, distributed over the entire surface of the collector, sufficiently larger punched-out areas, also with the usual upstand heights of the countersunk holes, so that on these Make the plastic connection to the upper cover layer a through-hole that does not impair the tightness of the collector for attachment to a substructure, such as rafters or rafters on the roof, or rafters or direct wall mounting on the facades is possible.

Another variant makes the invention a self-supporting universal roof and wall panel.

A support core for further stabilization of the collector can be molded from thermoplastic plastic foam, as well as from thermoplastic honeycomb, cone, box, tube, web, corrugated web or similar plates in the pressing as well as a further cover with a Perforated or countersunk metal plate, which is also applied thermoplastic during the pressing process from the melting of the support core. Covering with a simple sheet provided with an adhesion promoter is also possible.

The support core can then also be thermoplastic edged on the side edges by a plastic strip, so that it is even possible to use a gas-permeable material within the panel support core, wrapped in an aluminum-vapor-coated plastic film, to create and maintain a vacuum use at the same time for thermal insulation of the roof or facades with self-supporting panels designed in this way. This type of insulation with a small vacuum layer measuring just a few centimeters achieves ten times the insulation value of conventional insulation materials.

The plastic material used as a whole can consist of the thermoplastic materials, as mentioned in claim no. 44, and can also be supplemented by admixtures with powders or fibers from non-thermoplastic materials, so that an improvement in stability is just as possible as the UV protection. The limitation to one main type of plastic for the thermoplastic connection and the support core ensures full recyclability.

The production of the solar heat collector, including the thermoplastic connection with the support core and the side edge closures, can be carried out in a hot press or in a hot press followed by a cooling press in a stationary plate press or in a double belt press, and, if necessary, even with solar laminates can be pressed on. In the patent applications DE 102 156 06.9, 102 165 69.6, 102 26 703.0, 102 254 39.7 and 102 395 44.6 light composite panels are described in which fiber-reinforced cover layers, perforated sheets and countersunk perforated sheets with thermoplastic layers of plastic in various types by application on one or both sides to thermoplastic support cores or plates are connected, this connection being carried out either by positive locking of the plastic with the metal cover layers or thermoplastic connection of the plastic cover layers with the plastic of the support core.

Here, the countersunk plates are connected to plates by means of a variety of rivets, the purpose of which is a high load-bearing capacity or a form-fitting plastic connection, but not the direct form-fitting connection of two countersunk plates or a countersunk plate with a smooth metal plate in order to transport liquids flatly in the resulting cavity , as is intended for the universal base plate.

Also known are composite panels with aluminum or sheet steel cover layers and metal or other support bodies, in which the metal sheets have a primer or adhesion promoter towards the support core or towards the intermediate layer, which bonds the plastic support core, which is usually laminated with a fleece, a metal honeycomb or the intermediate layer by applying adhesive in the hot or cold compression process.

So far, however, the direct non-positive bonding of a light support core made of thermoplastic foam and / or honeycomb material, e.g. made of the most commonly used polypropylene or similar plastic, with metal layers.

The invention overcomes this deficiency. The metal layers used in this case have, on the sides facing the thermoplastic support core, a slightly rough adhesion-promoting layer applied during the rolling process, onto which the outer end layer or the end layers of the thermoplastic support core, which consists of foam, sheets with honeycomb, cone, Box, tube, web, corrugated web or similar structure can be applied on one or both sides in a single hot pressing process with a temperature matched to the melting point of the plastic material mainly used in a precisely determined pressing time.

A non-positive connection between the metal cover layers and the thermoplastic or mainly thermoplastic support core is achieved, which can only be destroyed by destroying the support core or by reheating to the melting temperature, which would correspond to this.

When using such metal plates e.g. for countersunk perforated sheets or sheets with a raised border perforation, it is possible, in the event of penetration of these sheets processed in this way, with the thermoplastic plastic mass produced in the hot-pressing process on the outer end layer of the support core or a simple thermoplastic plastic plate filling the perforation in the same operation to produce heat exchange surfaces which can either be used directly as collector plates, or with a support core as heat exchange composite panels.

In addition, the use of such sheets with this special bonding agent also supports the positive connection e.g. perforated sheets or countersunk perforated sheets in the production of composite panels through this additional, non-positive, weatherproof connection of the metal with the thermoplastic support core or an additional thermoplastic intermediate layer, without the need for a further hot pressing process or hot pressing and cooling pressing process.

When using structured sheet metal in the embodiment according to the invention, for example, a slip resistance can also be used for floor panels or for panels for connection to others A roughness can be achieved in materials which, with and without a plastic layer additionally applied during the pressing process, offers security for, for example, a conventional adhesive connection.

State of the art for solar photovoltaic modules, which are offered both from cells, and from thin-film and laminates, that such, usually, often in other module forms, are mounted separately on the roofs next to the solar heat collectors. As far as is known, previous attempts to produce combined modules for power generation and water heating have failed in general because the complex nature of the collector production, its dimensions and its production costs did not give any possibility of taking this route.

The cooling of the photovoltaic cells, the power of which is currently usually measured at an operating temperature of 45 ° C and often leads to errors in the usual heating of the cells at about 80 ° with normal solar radiation, is currently generally carried out with air cushions, which is more than unsatisfactory.

The invention remedies this deficiency in the same way that it enables both solar power and hot water preparation in one module, namely with the universal base plate for solar power and hot water generation and cooling.

As the temperature rises, photovoltaic cells generally have a significant negative change in output, which is usually between 0.4 and 0.5 percent (%) per degree Celsius (° C) of the temperature increase. This applies to solar cells on a crystalline basis as well as thin-film cells of various types, which are currently in development and, compared to the former, are likely to offer future price advantages in production.

So far, it was believed that the actually logical connection of a heat collector for hot water generation with electricity generation by photovoltaic cells is prohibited, because the heating of the liquid medium under the cells in the modules filled with the cells in the usual box shapes to 65 - 70 ° C and the constant contact with this heat, due to the degree of heating associated therewith for the cells during the solar radiation leads to an excessive decrease in performance. So the previous opinion in the past two decades, in which multiple attempts of this kind were started, was correct.

Also, just like the collectors, the solar cells were mainly assembled in relatively small units to form modules or panels and also connected together on site, at one or the other roof or facade location of a building or in the open air for operation and the solar radiation, so far almost always suspended for either electricity or hot water generation. This also meant that a uniform picture of the roof or facade could not be shown.

With the general technical information on the diverse range of photovoltaic modules, which are a summary of a certain number of cells, there is therefore usually information about the normal cell temperature, which fluctuates between 42 and 52 ° C and from which voltage changes and the resulting changes derived current and power changes can be calculated per ° C.

The development of new technologies in the manufacture of flat collectors, as can be seen, inter alia, from the patent application DE103 00 844.6 and DE 103 01 990.1 and in particular 10304061.7, the basis for this standardized application, and the enlargement and extension of the collectors up to the gable length or facade height, however, puts an end to this view and ensures for the future with heat collectors combined with photovoltaics in any form not only a constantly increasing hot water yield, but also In addition, a significant increase in performance due to the constant cooling of the photovoltaic cells, especially in the lower and middle and sometimes also in the upper temperature range, which remains constant in strong sunlight with a maximum of 75 ° C, slightly in the temperature above the outflowing fluid at 65 to 70 ° C ,

An essential factor for the long-term durability of such combination collectors is the approximately equal thermal expansion of all materials or the creation of buffer zones for the different types of expansion in the relatively large modules in up to gable length or facade height.

Due to the constant flow and the supply of the fluid to the universal base plate as a component of flat heat collectors in the lower area of the assembled modules, it is e.g. Depending on the throughput speed, it is possible to lower the inlet temperature of 20 ° C to the normal cell temperature of an average of 50 ° C and significantly below it, and to keep it in the uppermost level at the upper temperature threshold for fluid heating of just over 65 ° C , so that only for this uppermost area the otherwise usual drop in performance for a maximum of approx. 15 ° C, correspondingly generally per ° C of 0.5% = maximum 7.5% applies, but which is due to the temperature falling below the normal temperature in the lower level and the central area is overcompensated, so that practically the full performance of the cells is retained, despite the highest levels of solar radiation and heating.

When used in combination with photovoltaic cells, laminates or thin-film foils, the universal base plate according to the invention therefore brings additional electricity yields of up to 20% of the usual yields and, of course, also the full program of water heating, which our economy still uses the most energy existing resources cost.

In addition to the collector plates shown in the three German patent applications mentioned above and the previous and next, and their method of manufacture, it is of course also possible to use other large-area collector plates according to the invention, for example simple plastic flat collectors, such as those designed for outdoor pool heating in summer on the lawn are, or those made of stronger plastic material with cavities formed as web, cone, tube, cone or other spacers through which the fluid flows and which form the function of the collector located under the photovoltaic cells.

Particularly important with the universal base plate according to the invention is the possible fastening anywhere within the collector surface at the connection points of the plastic by screwing and nailing the plates and the possible use as ceiling, floor and wall heating, as a wall and ceiling cooling collector in addition to the mainly interesting use as a solar collector for roof and facade.

A particularly important point is the existing possibility of being able to attach inflow and outflow nozzles to almost every point on the edge of the collector, since the full plastic layer is only present at the countersunk holes and everywhere else the flowed through collector surface is available. This means that the inflow and outflow connections can be used in the required number and at the necessary location for all types of collector design.

It is known to attach it through a hole and then weld plastic connectors onto plates of the same or similar material. Banjo bolts and threaded bolts made of metal are also generally known. However, the use of such connections on the edge surfaces of a collector has not hitherto been state of the art, in particular it is not possible to attach those made of metal or plastic to virtually all edge points and also to the flat collector sides of a metal-plastic composite collector. With this option, the dimension of the connection pipe to which the two-sided threaded connection is connected with a screw sleeve can be adapted to the existing flow rate of the liquid circulating in the collector without the connection flow having to be different.

When mounting on a gable roof, it is therefore possible to provide gable-high collectors with a connection pipe and connection for the inflow or outflow only in the ridge and eaves area, even if, for example, the entire roof is covered with it. The same applies to building heights and widths, which leads to a significant reduction in assembly time.

When installing underfloor heating, it is sufficient if in one or more rooms the room-wide or -long collector plates are connected with just one connection pipe on two opposite sides. The connecting pipes are then placed in the area of the wall connections covered by baseboards or similar, so that checks can be carried out at any time.

In order to be flexible, the attachment of a connecting piece to the connecting pipe can be carried out in exactly the same way as the connection to the collector, so that necessary flow improvements, which deviate from the usual number and spacing of the connecting pieces fitted as standard, can be made in place.

Another, even more interesting, solution according to the invention is to provide the universal base plate all around with a rectangular hollow profile made of thermoplastic or a metal-plastic composite, which has openings towards the collector surface for the flow of the fluid for its distribution in the plate and which also has a clip connection as an extruded profile, which enables the panels to be strung together in each edge area. This edge connection can then already have the inflow and outflow connections at the points where an inflow or outflow as a whole or the throughflow connection of the plates has to take place with one another.

Such a profile can also be introduced into the plate in the usual pressing process.

In the case of underfloor heating, it is also possible to place the collector plate connected to a honeycomb or cone directly in the production process directly onto a loose bed and then compact it into the bed so that the usual screed substructures can be completely dispensed with.

Coverings such as wood in the form of parquet or belts, laminate, cork, linoleum, ceramic or stoneware tiles, carpets of all kinds or other floor and wall coverings can be applied to the large-area collector plates before installation, which is the cost of laying on site makes it easier to control and calculate.

Insulating materials or even vacuum insulation are also prefabricated, so that installation costs on site are also eliminated.

Completely new applications such as the cooling of small and large cold rooms and refrigerated vehicles, ice rinks and ski slopes are also possible.

But what is also important: for the visible look, no matter on which side of the product, any coloring or planking of the plastic layer is possible, so that, for example, special coverings are simulated on the roofs and any desired color on interior wall or ceiling surfaces as well as on floor surfaces or structure can be laminated, all of this already taking place in the manufacturing process with a single press cycle. The requirement for the required versatility, both in terms of the various size dimensions required in length and width, and in particular the required flow rate can be solved in a simple manner with this product. As previously mentioned, the sheet thickness, the size and type of countersunk hole and the hole spacing can be selected within the plastic cover layer so that the required product can be produced in the same process for each application.

The manufacturing process takes place in a hot or hot and cooling press process by placing the different layers on top of each other and inserting the necessary edge sealing or edge sealing profiles as well as the inlet and outlet fittings made of the same or similar thermoplastic material and heating and, if necessary, cooling after one Targeted temperature and time targeting the melting points of the materials.

The pressing is preferably carried out in a stationary hot or hot cooling press or else in a double belt press.

It is also possible to apply edging and chamfering or other deformations or penetrations as well as laminate or top layer applications at the same time.

The individual reference features for the invention are noted on the pages “to the drawings”.

To the drawings

Figure 1 Structure of a simple universal base plate before pressing

11 Outer metal cover layer

12 adhesion promoter applied during the rolling process

13 Middle perforated metal layer with edged perforated edges

14 thermoplastic support core or thermoplastic sheet material as a mass for penetration

Figure 2 Structure of a solar universal base plate without a support core before pressing

21 Photo voltaic laminate or thin film

22 metal cover layer

23 adhesion promoter applied during the rolling process

24 upstand at the holes of the countersunk metal plate

25 countersunk metal plate with adhesion promoter applied during the rolling process

26 thermoplastic sheet

Figure 3 Structure of a solar universal base plate with a support core in front of

pressing

31 Photo voltaic laminate or thin film

32 metal cover layer

33 adhesion promoter applied during the rolling process

34 Backsplash at the holes in the countersunk metal plate

35 perforated metal sheet with adhesion promoter applied during the rolling process

36 either thermoplastic sheet or direct

37 thermoplastic support core

38 metal sheet with adhesion promoter applied during the rolling process or alternatively thermoplastic plastic plate and countersunk metal plate

Figure 4 Universal base plate with thin-film solar module

41 Universal base plate

42 fluid

43 PV thin film

Figure 5 Universal base plate with crystalline solar cell

51 Universal base plate

52 fluid

53 Crystalline solar cell Figure 6 Universal base plate with solar cells - temperature profiles

61 Universal base plate

62 Ascending fluid

63 solar cells

64 Temperature chain of the fluid

65 Temperature chain of the heated solar cells

66 inflow of fluid with inlet temperature e.g. 20 ° C

67 Fluid discharge heats up to 70 ° C

68 Sun exposure

Figure 7 71 upper plastic plate

72 lower plastic plate

73 upper countersunk metal plate

74 lower countersunk metal plate

75 countersunk holes in the plate

76 side edges of the plate

Figure 8 81 fused plastic layer on all sides

82 hollow surfaces for liquid passage

83 upper countersunk metal plate

84 lower countersunk metal plate

85 non-positive metal plate connection

86 Interface from plate division

87 Plastic profile for closing the interface before welding

Figure 9 91 fused plastic layer on all sides

92 hollow surfaces for liquid passage

93 upper countersunk metal plate

94 lower countersunk metal plate

95 non-positive metal plate connection

96 Closure with plastic profile by welding

Figure 10 Hollow threaded screw as inlet / outlet connector

101 counter-rotating thread

102 screw edges

103 flow cavity

Figure 11 111 screwed inlet / outlet connection

112 collector plate

113 Fluid flow cavity

Figure 12 121 inlet / outlet connection screwed into the connection pipe

122 connecting pipe

123 liquid passage

124 pilot hole in support connecting pipe

Figure 13 131 round tube embedded in the plastic jacket of the collector

132 holes for liquid passage

133 collector plate 14 141 embedded on one side in the plastic jacket of the collector

round tube

142 holes for liquid passage

143 collector plate

Figure 15 151 embedded in plastic coating of the collector plate

Square tube

152 holes for liquid passage

153 collector plate

Figure 16 161 screwed inlet / outlet connection

162 tube embedded in plastic coating of the collector plate (round, one-sided round or square tube)

163 perforation for liquid passage

164 collector plate

Figure 17 171 upper plastic plate

172 lower plastic plate

173 upper countersunk metal plate

174 lower SE-hole metal plate

175 plate perforations

176 side edges of the panels

Figure 18 181 fused plastic layer on all sides

182 hollow surfaces for liquid passage

183 upper countersunk metal plate

184 lower countersunk metal plate

185 positive sheet metal connections

Figure 19 191 upper plastic plate

192 lower plastic plate

193 upper countersunk metal plate

194 lower countersunk metal plate

195 countersunk holes

196 side bends of the sheets

197 Photovoltaic laminate, thin film, module / element

198 side plastic cover strip

199 aluminum-coated plastic film

200 gas-permeable plastic honeycomb or box plate or similar

201 cover plate

202 vacuum

203 applied adhesion promoter layer

Figure 20 211 fused plastic layer on all sides

212 hollow surfaces for liquid passage

213 upper countersunk perforated sheet

214 lower countersunk perforated sheet

215 non-positive sheet metal connections

216 Photovoltaic laminate, thin film, module / element

217 plastic cover strip on the side

218 aluminum-coated plastic film

219 gas-permeable honeycomb or box plate or the like

220 cover plate

221 vacuum

Figures 21 Selection from countersunk hole patterns suitable for liquid distribution

Claims

01. Universal base plate made of metal and plastic, characterized in that it is made as a composite panel with one or two countersunk metal plate (s) and one or two thermoplastic plastic plate (s).

02. universal base plate made of metal and plastic, characterized in that it is made as a composite panel with a countersunk metal plate and a smooth metal or thermosetting plastic plate and a thermoplastic plastic plate.

03. universal base plate made of metal and plastic according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that it contains further thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic layers.

04. universal base plate made of metal and plastic according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the metal plate (s) on one or both sides is additionally provided with an adhesion promoter (primer) pad (are).

05. universal base plate made of metal and plastic according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that it is provided on all sides for permanent sealing with an edge closure made of metal or plastic with or without a non-positive connection device to the next plate.

06. universal base plate made of metal and plastic according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that it is hot-pressed as a composite panel and thus welded or glued and / or positively connected.

07. universal base plate made of metal and plastic according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that it is glued to the lower side or generally within the flowed plate surface at the plastic connection points or by punctual measurement of the hole size without damaging the edges by positive filling of the Holes can be drilled, screwed or nailed with plastic.

08. universal base plate made of metal and plastic according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that the flowed through plate surface is deformed.

08. universal base plate made of metal and plastic according to claim 1 to 8, characterized in that it is used as a heat collector for solar hot water generation.

09. universal base plate made of metal and plastic according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that it is used for cooling and increasing the power of photovoltaic cells, laminates or thin film applied to this.

10. Universal base plate made of metal and plastic according to claim 1 to 9, characterized in that it is used both for solar electricity and for hot water generation.

11. Universal base plate made of metal and plastic according to claim 1 to 10, characterized in that it is used on the wall, ceiling or in the floor area for heat or cold distribution, both by radiation and by convection, in small and large areas.

12. Universal base plate made of metal and plastic according to claim 1 to 10, characterized in that it is used as a heat exchanger both in the conversion and in the interior of a water reservoir.

13. Universal base plate made of metal and plastic according to claim 1 to 12, characterized in that it is used both partially and over the entire area, gable and building-high in one or more pieces, as a solar roof or as a solar facade cladding.

14. Universal base plate made of metal and plastic according to claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it is produced in a single hot pressing and, if necessary, cooling pressing process.

15. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 14, characterized in that by the choice of the height of the plate distance determining the upstand, the shape and number and the arrangement of the perforations to each other, the amount of fluid flowing through accordingly the solar radiation of the respective area and the resulting heating time in the flow rate is adjusted.

16. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 15, characterized in that for further control of the heating and as UV and weather protection, the side facing the sun has a dark color and the material is UV and weather resistant.

17. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 16, characterized in that this causes the cooling of overlying, heated photovoltaic cells, modules, laminates or thin-film films from the flow with fluid cooled at the beginning.

18. Universal base plate according to claims 1 to 17, characterized in that by cooling the heated photovoltaic cells, modules, laminates or thin-film foils it replaces a reduction in performance caused by the heating by an increase in performance.

19. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 18, characterized in that this as a single plate or consisting of several juxtaposed or stacked plates consisting of a large area, inclined for optimal solar radiation, large area, arranged over an open area unit.

20. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 19, characterized in that it from the flow with initially cooled fluid in the inflow area into the collector at a temperature of + 20 ° C, the cooling of overlying, heated photovoltaic cells, modules, laminates or -Thin film from e.g. + 80 ° C to approx. + 25 ° C and thus an increase in output of approx. + 27.5% in this area.

21. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 19, characterized in that it from the flow 100 cm above the inflow into the collector, the cooling of overlying, heated photovoltaic cells, modules, laminates or thin-film cells from + 80 ° C to approx. + 30 ° C and thus a performance change of approx. + 25% in this area.

22. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 19, characterized in that this from the flow 200 cm above the inflow area in the collector, the cooling of overlying, heated photovoltaic cells, modules, laminates or thin film from + 80 to about + 35 ° C. and thus causes a change in output of approx. + 22.5% in this area.

23. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 19, characterized in that these lie above the cooling from the flow 300 cm above the inflow area into the collector. the, heated photovoltaic cells, modules, laminates or thin-film films from + 80 to approx. + 40 ° C and thus causes a change in output of approx. + 20% in this area.

24. Universal base plate according to claims 1 to 19, characterized in that it cools overlying, heated photovoltaic cells, modules, laminates or thin-film foils from + 80 to approx. 400 cm above the inflow area into the collector.

+ 45 ° C and thus a change in output of approx. + 17.5% in this area.

25. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 19, characterized in that it cools overlying, heated photovoltaic cells, modules, laminates or thin-film foils from + 80 to approximately from the flow 500 cm above the inflow area into the collector.

+ 50 ° C and therefore a change in output of approx. + 15% in this area.

26. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 19, characterized in that it from the flow 600 cm above the inflow area into the collector, the cooling of overlying, heated photovoltaic cells, modules, laminates or thin-film films from + 80 to about + 55 ° C and thus a change in output of approx. + 12.5% in this area.

27. Universal base plate according to claims 1 to 19, characterized in that it cools overlying, heated photovoltaic cells, modules, laminates or thin-film foils from + 80 to approx. 700 cm above the inflow area into the collector.

+ 60 ° C and thus a change in output of approx. + 10% in this area.

28. Universal base plate according to claims 1 to 19, characterized in that it cools overlying, heated photovoltaic cells, modules, laminates or thin-film films from + 80 to approx. 800 cm above the inflow area into the collector.

+ 65 ° C and thus a change in output of approx. + 7.5% in this area.

29. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 19, characterized in that it cools overlying, heated photovoltaic cells, modules, laminates or thin-film films from + 80 to approx. 900 cm above the inflow area into the collector.

+ 70 ° C and thus a change in output of approx. + 5% in this area.

30. Universal floor slab according to claim 1 to 19, characterized in that it is from the flow 1000 cm above the inflow area into the collector, the cooling of over-heated photovoltaic cells, modules, laminates or thin-film foils from + 80 to approx.

+ 75 ° C and thus a change in output of approx. + 2.5% in this area.

31. Universal base plate according to claim 20 to 30, characterized in that the cooling of the overlying, heated photovoltaic cells, modules, laminates or thin-film foils is also carried out at an additionally reduced inflow temperature of the fluid into the collector by approx. -5 ° C and the resulting increase in performance increases by approx. + 2.5%.

32. Universal base plate according to claim 20 to 31, characterized in that the respective cooling of the overlying, heated photovoltaic cells, modules, laminates or thin-film films at an additional 1 ° C lower or higher flow temperature of the fluid into the collector likewise increased or reduced by approx. - 1 ° C and thus the increase in performance caused increased or reduced by approx. + or - 0.5%.

33. Universal base plate according to claim 20 to 32, characterized in that an increase or decrease in the flow rate of the fluid causes a decrease or increase in the temperature of the photovoltaic cells, modules, laminates or thin-film films and thus an increase in performance or a decrease in performance thereof.

34. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 3_>, characterized in that the material of the collector has the same thermal expansion as the photovoltaic cells, modules, laminates or thin-film films.

35. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 34, characterized in that the thermal expansion of the collector by one or more buffer zones or spacings distributed over the entire length between correspondingly large areas of the photovoltaic cells, modules,

-Laminates or thin-film films is collected.

36. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 35, characterized in that the voltages due to the different thermal expansion of the collector and the photovoltaic cells, modules, laminates or thin-film films are absorbed by a connection that continuously absorbs the voltage.

37. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 36, characterized in that it serves as a carrier plate for the photovoltaic cells, modules, laminates or thin-film films.

38. Universal base plate according to claims 1 to 37, characterized in that the applied photovoltaic laminate is thin-film modules such as, for example, CIS solar modules, cadmium telluride thin-film solar cells or CISCut band solar cells or other band solar cells.

39. Universal base plate according to claim 38, characterized in that the band solar cells are laminated or applied in one piece over the entire length of the collectors.

40. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 39, characterized in that it is lightweight and weighs approximately 5.6 kg per square meter without photovoltaic cells and equipped with thin-film ribbon solar cells.

41. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 40, characterized in that it has a thickness of approx. 4.5 to 6 mm without photovoltaic cells and a total thickness of 6 to 7 mm with thin-film ribbon solar cells.

42. Universal base plate according to claims 1 to 41, characterized in that a lower countersunk metal plate is non-positively connected to an upper, smooth metal plate by a hot thermoplastic compound penetrating through the holes in the countersunk metal plate.

43. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 42, characterized in that on the side edges of the metal or countersunk metal plate up and / or bevels are available for flanging the sheets.

44. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 43, characterized in that the thermoplastic material used as the thermoplastic material for the plastic plate (s) and / or strips and / or a support core made of acrylic glass (PMMA), thermoplastic polyester (PET / G) , Polyamide (PA), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene (PE), polyetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polypropylene (PP), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyvenyl chloride (PVC) or a mixture of these substances, with or without the addition of powders or fibers also non-thermoplastic materials.

45. Universal base plate according to claim 44, characterized in that when using one of the plastic materials mentioned in claim 44 is fully recyclable due to the melting points differing from the metal.

46. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 45, characterized in that this a thermoplastic honeycomb, cone, box, tube, web, corrugated web or similar plate is additionally stabilized as a support core.

47. universal base plate according to claim 1 to 46, characterized in that it is additionally thermally insulated by a, preferably thermoplastic plastic foam plate.

48. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 47, characterized in that it is designed according to claim 46 and 47 by welding a further lower cover layer under the support core to the self-supporting roof, ceiling, wall or facade element.

49. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 48, characterized in that the hot thermoplastic material which is penetrating the collector through the holes in the countersunk metal plate and the larger punched-out portions is produced by melting the surface of the support core.

50. universal base plate according to claim 1 to 49, characterized in that on the other side of a support core either a countersunk metal plate or a metal plate is welded with a slightly rough adhesion promoter.

51. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 50, in particular according to claim 46 to 50, characterized in that the support core consists of gas-permeable material.

52. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 51, characterized in that in addition to the support core and its side edge protection consists of thermoplastic material and is sealed overall with an aluminum-vapor-coated film for vacuum maintenance.

53. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 52, characterized in that the almost full-surface vacuum area for a permanent vacuum has a controllable connection to the vacuum generator.

54. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 53, characterized in that it as a solar heat-absorbing and hot process water generating, by photovoltaic electricity, fully heat-insulating by the foam or vacuum area and possessing self-supporting and supporting properties through the support core as a finished universal prefabricated Element is designed.

55. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 54, characterized in that it has the overall color of the sheathing plastic.

56. universal base plate according to claim 1 to 55, characterized in that the encasing plastic layer is provided with any structuring, labeling, marking, marking, coloring, lamination and / or support.

57. universal base plate according to claim 1 to 56, characterized in that the encasing plastic layer has only the thickness of a thin layer of paint or film.

58. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 57, characterized in that the sheathing plastic layer has the thickness up to the thickness of a floor covering.

59. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 58, characterized in that the thickness of the encapsulating plastic layer over the countersunk metal plates is 0.02 to 2.00 mm, including a support core 25.00 to 300.00 mm.

60. universal base plate according to claim 1 to 59, characterized in that both sides of the encasing plastic layer have different thicknesses.

61. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to ÖU, characterized in that the sheet thicknesses of the countersunk metal plates are 0.05 to 0.50 mm and the standard thickness is 0.50 mm.

62. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 61, characterized in that the two countersunk metal plates on the side edges instead of the holes have sheet metal bends and upturns for a positive closure, riveting or gluing.

63. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 62, characterized in that at least one or more connection points (inflow and outflow connections) for the liquid (fluid) inlet and outlet are attached or welded to the upper and lower edge points.

64. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 63, characterized in that it is divisible at any point and resealable at the interfaces by plastic welding

65. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 64, characterized in that the inflow and outflow nozzles are selectively attached on all sides.

66. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 65, characterized in that the inflow and outflow nozzles consist of hollow, also self-tapping threaded screws.

67. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 66, characterized in that the number of inlet and outlet ports is selected according to the size of the collector plate.

68. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 67, characterized in that it has a circumferential hollow box section made of the same material as the plastic plates, which is welded in as a closure and has an interlocking clip system projecting all around.

69. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 68, characterized in that openings are made at sufficient intervals from the circumferential box hollow profile to the collector surface of the plate.

70. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 69, characterized in that the encircling hollow box section has connecting pieces to the inlet or outlet or to the nearest plate at one entry and exit point.

71. universal base plate according to claim 1 to 70, characterized in that on the surface wood in parquet or belt shape, laminate, cork, linoleum, ceramic or stoneware tiles, carpeting or another floor covering, wallpaper, fabric or another Wall covering or similar materials are applied.

72. Universal base plate according to claim 01 to 71, characterized in that it is placed directly on a loose bed as floor heating.

73. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 72, characterized in that another sheet or a metal foil is welded over the plastic casing either on one or both sides.

74. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 73, characterized in that outer metal plates have a colored or adhesion promoter coating, a chromating or anodizing.

75. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 74, characterized in that these have only the weight of the metal used and the thermoplastic deformed plastic without a photovoltaic pad and support core and are therefore lightweight and inexpensive.

76. Universal base plate according to claim 1 to 7o, characterized in that it is also used as a heated or cooled formwork plate for the concrete formwork.

77. A method for producing a universal base plate made of metal and plastic according to claim 1 to 76 in the thermoplastic welding process and positive connection, characterized in that the production in a single hot or hot and cooling press cycle by placing the different layers one above the other with insertion of necessary edge sealing profiles and inlet and outlet fittings and the heating or heating and cooling is carried out according to a temperature and time specified in a stationary hot or hot and cooling press or in a double belt press that is specifically tailored to the melting point of the mainly used plastic material.

78. A method for producing a universal base plate made of metal and plastic according to claim 77, characterized in that during the hot or hot and cooling press operation the edge protection, the upward and downward bends or other deformations or penetrations as well as laminate or top layer applications are applied at the same time ,