WO2004016897A2 - Laminated glass and structural glass with integrated lighting, sensors and electronics - Google Patents

Laminated glass and structural glass with integrated lighting, sensors and electronics Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2004016897A2
WO2004016897A2 PCT/US2003/024852 US0324852W WO2004016897A2 WO 2004016897 A2 WO2004016897 A2 WO 2004016897A2 US 0324852 W US0324852 W US 0324852W WO 2004016897 A2 WO2004016897 A2 WO 2004016897A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
glass
transparent
laminated glass
sensor
comprised
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2003/024852
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2004016897A3 (en
Inventor
Christopher Anderson
Sheila Kennedy
Thomas C. O'brien
Marie B. O'regan
C. Anthony Smith
Original Assignee
E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company filed Critical E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
Priority to US10/521,505 priority Critical patent/US20050233125A1/en
Priority to EP20030788357 priority patent/EP1527249A2/en
Priority to JP2004529281A priority patent/JP2005534612A/en
Priority to AU2003256893A priority patent/AU2003256893A1/en
Publication of WO2004016897A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004016897A2/en
Publication of WO2004016897A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004016897A3/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B32B17/10045—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10467—Variable transmission
    • B32B17/10495—Variable transmission optoelectronic, i.e. optical valve
    • B32B17/10532—Suspended particle layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10743—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing acrylate (co)polymers or salts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V33/00—Structural combinations of lighting devices with other articles, not otherwise provided for
    • F21V33/006—General building constructions or finishing work for buildings, e.g. roofs, gutters, stairs or floors; Garden equipment; Sunshades or parasols
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
    • G02B7/006—Filter holders
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2290/00—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for
    • E04F2290/02—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for accommodating service installations or utility lines, e.g. heating conduits, electrical lines, lighting devices or service outlets
    • E04F2290/026—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for accommodating service installations or utility lines, e.g. heating conduits, electrical lines, lighting devices or service outlets for lighting
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/6604—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together comprising false glazing bars or similar decorations between the panes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2105/00—Planar light sources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L25/00—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof
    • H01L25/03—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes
    • H01L25/04—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers
    • H01L25/075—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L33/00
    • H01L25/0753—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L33/00 the devices being arranged next to each other
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
    • H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K2102/301—Details of OLEDs
    • H10K2102/311—Flexible OLED
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/80—Constructional details
    • H10K50/84—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
    • H10K50/841—Self-supporting sealing arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
    • H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
    • H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
    • H10K85/1135—Polyethylene dioxythiophene [PEDOT]; Derivatives thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/16—Two dimensionally sectional layer
    • Y10T428/163—Next to unitary web or sheet of equal or greater extent
    • Y10T428/164—Continuous two dimensionally sectional layer
    • Y10T428/166—Glass, ceramic, or metal sections [e.g., floor or wall tile, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component

Definitions

  • This invention relates to laminated glass comprised of at least two layers of glass separated by a transparent non-glass interlayer or an air cavity wherein solid state lighting, sensors, energy generation and storage devices and other electronics are contained within the transparent non- glass interlayer or air cavity.
  • This invention also relates to structural glass blocks and structural plyglass wherein solid state lighting, sensors, energy generation and storage devices and other electronics are contained within the air cavity of the hollow glass block or within the non-glass interlayers of the plyglass.
  • Laminated glass is commonly used in construction for such purposes as internal and external walls and windows.
  • Such laminated glass typically consists of at least two layers of glass separated by a transparent non-glass interlayer or an air cavity.
  • a conventional laminated glass double glazed window or wall typically consists of two glass structures separated by an air cavity, wherein each glass structure consists of two layers of glass separated by a transparent non-glass interlayer.
  • Conventional structural glass blocks are also commonly used in construction for such purposes as internal and external walls and windows. These glass blocks typically contain a large air cavity.
  • An objective of this invention is to use the non-glass interlayer and/or the air cavity in laminated glass and the air cavity in glass blocks to contain solid state lighting, sensors, energy generation or storage devices and other electronics to enhance the functionality and the aesthetics of the laminated glass and glass blocks.
  • This invention provides a laminated glass comprised of at least two layers of transparent glass with adjacent glass layers separated by a transparent solid non-glass interlayer or an air cavity, wherein at least one transparent non-glass interlayer or air cavity contains a device comprised of at least one element selected from the group consisting of solid state lighting, heat sensors, light sensors, pressure sensors, thin film capacitance sensors, photovoltaic cells, thin film batteries, liquid crystal display films, suspended particle device films, and transparent electrical conductors.
  • This invention also provides a laminated glass comprised of at least one layer of transparent glass and at least one layer of transparent polymer with adjacent glass layers, adjacent transparent polymer layers and adjacent glass and transparent polymer layers separated by a transparent non-glass interlayer or an air cavity, wherein at least one transparent non-glass interlayer or air cavity contains a device comprised of at least one element selected from the group consisting of solid state lighting, heat sensors, light sensors, pressure sensors, thin film capacitance sensors, photovoltaic cells, thin film batteries, liquid crystal display films, suspended particle device films, and transparent electrical conductors.
  • This invention further provides a hollow structural glass block within which there is an air cavity, wherein said air cavity contains a device comprised of at least one element selected from the group consisting of solid state lighting, heat sensors, light sensors, pressure sensors, thin film capacitance sensors, photovoltaic cells, thin film batteries, liquid crystal display films, suspended particle device films, and transparent electrical conductors.
  • a device comprised of at least one element selected from the group consisting of solid state lighting, heat sensors, light sensors, pressure sensors, thin film capacitance sensors, photovoltaic cells, thin film batteries, liquid crystal display films, suspended particle device films, and transparent electrical conductors.
  • This invention also provides a structural plyglass block, a laminated glass block, comprised of n layers of transparent glass and n-1 layers of transparent solid non-glass interlayers, wherein n > 2; all layers of transparent glass and all layers of transparent solid non-glass interlayers have essentially the same lateral dimensions; adjacent transparent glass layers are separated by one of said transparent solid non-glass interlayers; and at least one of the layers of transparent glass and of transparent solid non-glass interlayers is positioned to extend beyond the other layers on two adjacent sides of the structural laminated glass block.
  • at least two of the layers of transparent glass and of transparent solid non-glass interlayers are positioned to extend beyond the other layers on two adjacent sides of the structural plyglass block.
  • This invention also provides the structural laminated glass block described above wherein at least one of the solid non-glass interlayers contains a device comprised of at least one element selected from the group consisting of solid state lighting, heat sensors, light sensors, pressure sensors, thin film capacitance sensors, photovoltaic cells, thin film batteries, liquid crystal display films, suspended particle device films, and transparent electrical conductors.
  • a device comprised of at least one element selected from the group consisting of solid state lighting, heat sensors, light sensors, pressure sensors, thin film capacitance sensors, photovoltaic cells, thin film batteries, liquid crystal display films, suspended particle device films, and transparent electrical conductors.
  • This invention also provides a safety illumination system comprising a sensor to detect the existence of a safety problem; an illumination device comprising at least one organic light-emitting diode; and means to convey a signal from the sensor to the illumination device to impose a voltage across the at least one organic light-emitting diode of the illumination device to activate the illumination device and thereby provide the desired illumination.
  • Figure 1 shows four of the displays obtained in Example 1 when using a glass laminate of the invention to provide a window display.
  • Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the laminated glass of the invention used in Example 2.
  • Figure 3a shows the illumination of the laminated glass of the invention used in Example 2 when no pressure is applied to the laminated glass and
  • Figure 3b shows the illumination of the laminated glass when pressure is applied.
  • Figure 4 shows three views of the structural laminated glass block of this invention.
  • One aspect of this invention relates to laminated glass comprised of glass layers separated by a transparent solid non-glass interlayer or an air gap and to the utilization of the transparent solid non-glass interlayer or the air cavity between the glass layers of the laminated glass for the integration of a broad range of functions that enhance the functionality and the aesthetics of the laminated glass.
  • the laminated glass is comprised of at least two layers of transparent glass with adjacent glass layers separated by a transparent solid non-glass interlayer or an air cavity.
  • One embodiment of this aspect of the invention is a laminated glass comprised of two layers of transparent glass separated by a transparent solid non-glass interlayer.
  • Another aspect of this invention relates to laminated glass comprised of at least one glass layer and at least one transparent polymer layer separated by a transparent solid non- glass interlayer or an air gap and to the utilization of the transparent solid non-glass interlayer or the air cavity between the glass and polymer layers of the laminated glass for the integration of a broad range of functions that enhance the functionality and the aesthetics of the laminated glass.
  • the laminated glass is comprised of at least one layer of transparent glass and at least one layer of transparent polymer with adjacent glass layers, adjacent transparent polymer layers and adjacent glass and transparent polymer layers separated by a transparent non-glass interlayer or an air cavity.
  • One embodiment of this aspect of the invention is a laminated glass comprised of a layer of transparent glass and a layer of transparent polymer separated by a transparent non-glass interlayer or an air cavity.
  • These two types of laminated glass provide a "carrying case" that allows digital and thin film technologies to be integrated into or alongside the transparent solid non-glass interlayer or into the air cavity.
  • This allows the transparent solid non-glass interlayer to serve two purposes, that of a shatter resistant material and as a host for a device that adds additional functions to the laminated glass.
  • the air cavity to serve two purposes, that of thermal insulator and as a host for a device that adds additional functions to the laminated glass.
  • transparent when used in connection with transparent solid non-glass interlayer means a solid non-glass interlayer which transmits light with no appreciable scattering as well as a solid non-glass interlayer which is translucent, i.e., which partially transmits light.
  • the degree of transparency required of the transparent solid non-glass interlayer will usually be dictated by how the laminate is to be used. If the use requires as completely transparent a laminate as possible, e.g., for use as a window, the transparent solid non-glass interlayer should transmit light with no appreciable scattering. If the laminate is to be used as a stair tread or stair riser, a transparent solid non-glass interlayer that partially transmits light can be quite acceptable.
  • the invention provides that at least one transparent solid non-glass interlayer or air cavity contain a device comprised of at least one element selected from the group consisting of solid state lighting, heat sensors, light sensors, pressure sensors, thin film capacitance sensors, photovoltaic cells, thin film batteries, liquid crystal display films, suspended particle device films, and transparent electrical conductors.
  • the interlayer may be perforated to provide space for the elements of the device.
  • the elements of the device may be adjacent to the transparent solid non- glass interlayer.
  • Preferred as the transparent solid non-glass interlayer is a Butacite ® PVB (polyvinyl butyral) available from E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, DE.
  • the transparent solid non-glass interlayer is an ionoplast interlayer available in the SentryGlas ® Plus laminated glass construction from E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, DE.
  • Transparent electrical conductors such as indium tin oxide can be deposited directly onto the transparent glass or the transparent polymer.
  • the solid state lighting can be in the form of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), an optoelectrical device consisting of a p-n junction that emits light (ultraviolet, visible or infrared radiation) in response to a forward current passing through the diode. LEDs are made using inorganic materials.
  • the solid state lighting can also be in the form of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).
  • OLEDs can be polymeric light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) or small molecule organic light-emitting diodes (SMOLEDs).
  • Transparent electrical conductors can be used to provide means to apply an activating voltage to the LEDs or OLEDs. Indium tin oxide is a preferred transparent electrical conductor.
  • the source of illumination can also be in the form of an electroluminescent (EL) film.
  • a microprocessor chip to control the solid state lighting can be provided either as part of the device contained in at least one transparent solid non-glass interlayer or air cavity or can be provided externally to the laminated glass.
  • the microprocessor chip can be programmed to cause the solid lighting to display a sequence of images.
  • the images can be in the form of a pictorial or aesthetic display or text.
  • a thin film capacitance sensor is made part of the device, the motion of an object, such as a hand, can change the display.
  • the laminated glass remains transparent over the parts of the laminated glass where there is no solid state lighting or where the solid state lighting is not activated.
  • the portion of the laminated glass where the solid state lighting is activated displays images and information such as temperature, time, stock prices, etc. as well as programmable text and messages.
  • the laminated glass can serve as a window, as an internal or external wall or surface, as an automotive windscreen, sunroof or instrumentation panel, as a kitchen appliance display, as glazing in airplanes, trains or subways, or as a display surface.
  • a conventional laminated double glazed window is comprised of a glass- interlayer-glass member separated from a second glass-interlayer-glass layer by and air cavity.
  • One such device converts energy received in the form of light from the sun or other light sources into electrical energy that can be stored in a battery and used to power LEDs, OLEDs, electroluminescent films, liquid crystal display films, electrochromic suspended particle device films, etc.
  • the device can be comprised of a thin film photovoltaic panel, a rechargeable thin film lithium battery and transparent indium tin oxide films to conduct electricity between the various elements.
  • the battery could be used to power another device not within the window.
  • the energy stored in the battery can be used to provide different types of displays in the window depending on the time of the day.
  • the display could supply information, advertising, etc. during daylight hours; it could supply illumination during the evening hours; it could act as a night light.
  • the lithium battery is opaque and typical reasonably priced photovoltaic cells are opaque, these elements are localized in one portion area of the air cavity.
  • This device comprised of a thin film photovoltaic panel and a rechargeable thin film lithium battery can also be used in other embodiments of the laminated glass.
  • a device that is useful in the laminated glass of this invention is one that adjusts the translucency and/or color of the laminated glass in response to the amount of exterior light impinging on the laminated glass and to thereby provide appropriate shading.
  • the device is comprised of a light sensor to sense the impinging light, a suspended particle device film or a liquid crystal display film and means to use the output of the light sensor to adjust the translucency and/or color of the suspended particle device film or the liquid crystal display film.
  • the embodiment of the invention of a laminated glass comprised of two layers of transparent glass separated by a transparent solid non-glass interlayer, i.e., glass-interlayer-glass, or a laminated glass comprised of three layers of transparent glass and two transparent solid non-glass interlayers, i.e., glass-interlayer-glass-interlayer-glass, are particularly useful as illuminated stair treads, stair risers or floor tiles.
  • the transparent solid non-glass interlayer can be illuminated by LEDs or OLEDs in the transparent solid non-glass interlayer or by LEDs or OLEDs positioned at the edges of the transparent solid non-glass interlayer.
  • a sensor detects a foot placed on the laminated glass.
  • a microprocessor can use the presence or absence of a signal from the pressure sensor to activate and vary the lighting contained within the laminated glass.
  • the laminated glass comprised of three layers of transparent glass and two transparent solid non-glass interlayers with each transparent solid non-glass interlayer containing a lighting device provides an even wider variety of lighting variations than the laminated glass comprised of two layers of transparent glass separated by a transparent solid non-glass interlayer.
  • detection by the pressure sensor of a foot placed on the laminated glass can be used to turn off the illumination coming from one of the transparent solid non-glass interlayers and turn on the illumination coming from the other transparent solid non-glass interlayer. Alternatively, both could be turned on.
  • the signal from pressure sensors as a result of a foot impacting the bottom step of a staircase or the top step of a staircase could be used to increase the illumination of all the treads in the staircase by activating additional LEDs or OLEDs.
  • the signal from pressure sensors as a result of a foot impacting the bottom step of a staircase or the top step of a staircase could be used to activate a laminated glass display of this invention mounted along the wall of the staircase to convey information, directions, etc.
  • the present invention also relates to a safety illumination system comprising a sensor to detect the existence of a safety problem, an illumination device comprising at least one OLED, and means to convey an signal from the sensor to the illumination device to impose a voltage across the anode and the cathode of the illumination device to activate the illumination device and thereby provide illumination.
  • the sensor may one that detects the presence of smoke, gas or motion or the absence of a usual light level in the event of an electrical power failure.
  • the means to convey a signal from the sensor to the illumination device may be electrical or mechanical, but an electrical means is preferred.
  • a safety illumination system may be operated by wired or wireless options. Wireless options could be used for remote control. Operation with other safety sensor systems, e.g., light, smoke, motion, or gas detectors, could be direct as in a single integrated system or wireless for a system that would consist of multiple devices.
  • Illumination can be controlled electronically and/or manually (e.g., for dimmability), as well as sensor activated. Illumination can range from low brightness for locatability and aesthetic purposes to high brightness for safety, emergency, visibility, and information conveyance purposes.
  • the safety illumination system can contain more than one OLED- based illuminary, e.g., an array of OLEDs.
  • OLEDs can also be patterned on transparent or translucent medium in a range of forms that could include panels of illumination, letters, numbers, figures/shapes, symbols or other forms alone or in combinations. It is understood that the pattern may vary as desired.
  • the anode and the OLED layer will be patterned.
  • the layers can be applied in a pattern by, for example, positioning a patterned mask or photoresist on the first flexible composite barrier structure prior to applying the first electrical contact layer material.
  • the layers can be applied as an overall layer and subsequently patterned using, for example, a photoresist and wet chemical etching.
  • the illumination device is thin, flat, lightweight and, when deposited onto a flexible substrate, is conformable to various shapes and configurations.
  • the illumination device will have lifetimes in excess of 1000 hours.
  • Each illumination device consists of one or more pixels.
  • the illumination device can emit monochromatic light, several colors or white light.
  • the illumination device and the sensor in a safety illumination system of this invention may be separate entities or they may be integrated into a single device.
  • This invention also provides a combination of safety illumination devices serving as a subsystem component as part of a larger system such as horizontal (e.g., ceiling) or vertical (e.g., walls, doors, partitions, stairway structures) surfaces.
  • the device and/or system electronics and sensors may be embedded to enhance flexibility, reduce weight, and impart ruggedness. It provides controllable illumination and the conveyance of safety information via illumination and illuminated forms.
  • controllable e.g., dimming switch, electronic signals, sensor activated, remote control
  • Conventional structural glass blocks are commonly used in construction for such purposes as internal and external walls and windows. These glass blocks typically contain a large air cavity and therefore provide another type of "carrying case” that allows digital and thin film technologies to be integrated into the air cavity and thereby integrates a broad range of functions that enhance the functionality and the aesthetics of the glass blocks. Any of the devices and results discussed above in connection with the laminated glass can be used in the glass blocks. Colors of individual blocks in a glass block window or wall can be changed or the color of the whole window or wall can be changed.
  • Glass blocks can change the amount of shading depending on the intensity of impinging light.
  • the use of thin film capacitor sensors just below the interior surface of the glass block can provide the means to change color by waving a hand in front of the block.
  • Remote sensors enable the glass block system to respond to environmental factors.
  • Microprocessors and other electronic circuitry can be imbedded in the mortar between the blocks or within the blocks themselves.
  • This invention also provides a novel structural plyglass block, a laminated glass block.
  • the block is comprised of n layers of transparent glass and n-1 layers of transparent solid non-glass interlayers, wherein n > 2. All layers of the transparent glass and all layers of the transparent solid non-glass interlayers have essentially the same lateral dimensions. Lateral dimensions are used herein to refer to the two dimensions in the plane of the layer, i.e., the dimensions perpendicular to the thickness of the layer. Adjacent transparent glass layers are separated by one of the transparent solid non-glass interlayers so that the exterior faces of the structural laminated glass block are always layers of transparent glass.
  • At least one of the layers of transparent glass and of transparent solid non-glass interlayers is positioned to extend beyond the other layers on two adjacent sides of the structural plyglass block.
  • at least two of the layers of transparent glass and of transparent solid non-glass interlayers are positioned to extend beyond the other layers on two adjacent sides of the structural laminated glass block.
  • the purpose of the off-setting of at least one and preferably at least two of the layers with respect to the rest is to provide a means for others blocks fashioned in the same way to interfit with one another to form a sturdy window, wall, etc., comprised of these structural laminated glass blocks.
  • Especially preferred is a configuration wherein the all the layers of transparent glass are aligned and all the layers of transparent solid non-glass interlayers are aligned.
  • the aligned layers of transparent glass are positioned with respect to the aligned layers of transparent solid non-glass interlayers so that all the aligned layers of transparent glass extend beyond all the layers of aligned transparent solid non-glass interlayers on two adjacent sides of the structural laminated glass block and all the aligned layers of transparent solid non-glass interlayers extend beyond all the aligned layers of transparent glass on the two opposite sides of the structural laminated glass block.
  • a transparent glass layer can consist of a single plate of glass or of several plates of glass laminated together.
  • a transparent solid non-glass interlayer can consist of a single sheet of interlayer material or of several sheets of interlayer material laminated together.
  • the structural laminated glass block is a glass, non- glass interlayer, glass, non-glass interlayer, glass structure, as shown in Figure 4.
  • Figure 4a shows a front view of the structural laminated glass block.
  • Transparent glass layer 11 is the front face of the structural laminated glass block and transparent solid non-glass interlayer 12 is the transparent solid non-glass interlayer adjacent to transparent glass layer 11.
  • Figure 4b shows an end cross-section of the structural laminated glass block.
  • Transparent glass layers 11 , 13 and 15 with the same lateral dimension, i.e., width, but with different thicknesses are shown aligned with one another.
  • Transparent glass layer 15 is the back face of the structural laminated glass block.
  • Figure 4c shows a side cross- section of the structural laminated glass block. Transparent glass layers 11 , 13 and 15 with the same lateral dimension, i.e., length, are shown aligned with one another.
  • Transparent solid non-glass interlayers 12 and 14 with the same lateral dimension, i.e., length, as the transparent glass layers are shown aligned with one another, but positioned so that they extend beyond the transparent glass layers on the top side of the structural laminated glass block. Similarly, the transparent glass layers extend beyond the transparent solid non-glass interlayers on the bottom side of the structural laminated glass block. It is apparent from Figure 4 that the two extended transparent solid non-glass interlayers would fit into the recesses of adjacent similar blocks and thereby can be joined to form an extended wall or window comprised of these structural laminated glass blocks.
  • the structural laminated glass block provides another type of "carrying case” that allows digital and thin film technologies to be integrated into the transparent solid non-glass interlayers and thereby integrate a broad range of functions that enhance the functionality and the aesthetics of the structural laminated glass block. Any of the devices and results discussed above in connection with the laminated glass can be used in the structural laminated glass block. Colors of individual blocks in a structural laminated glass block window or wall can be changed or the color of the whole window or wall can be changed. Structural laminated glass blocks can change the amount of shading depending on the intensity of impinging light. The use of thin film capacitor sensors just below the interior surface of the structural laminated glass block can provide the means to change color by waving a hand in front of the block.
  • EXAMPLES OF THE INVENTION EXAMPLE 1 This Example demonstrates the use of laminated glass of the invention to provide a window display.
  • the wooden frame of the window was constructed to hold two 20 inch by 30 inch (508 cm x 762 cm) pieces of glass parallel and with an air gap of about 3/ 6 inch (.5 cm) between them.
  • a 10 x 14 array of 140 LEDs was arranged in the air gap between the two pieces of glass.
  • the laminated glass 12 inches by 12 inches (30 cm x 30 cm), is comprised of three layers of transparent glass and two transparent solid non-glass interlayers, all five layers having lateral dimensions of 12 inches by 12 inches (30 cm x 30 cm).
  • a cross- section of a portion of the laminated glass is shown in Figure 2 and reference is made to Figure 2 in the following description.
  • a glass plate 1 that is 1 inch (1.3 cm) thick serves is the upper surface of the laminated glass.
  • a perforated interlayer 2 is perforated DuPont SentryGlas ® Plus ionoplast interlayer, obtained from E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, DE.
  • the perforations 3 are uniformly placed throughout the interlayer 2.
  • the next layer in the laminated glass is a glass plate 4 that is 3/8 inch (1 cm) thick.
  • a perforated interlayer 5 is perforated DuPont SentryGlas ® Plus ionoplast interlayer, obtained from E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, DE.
  • the perforations 6 in perforated interlayer 5 are in the form of the logo of the DuPont Co.
  • the bottom layer of the laminated glass is a glass plate 7 that is ⁇ A inch (1.3 cm) thick.
  • the five layers of the laminated glass are held together by an aluminum holder 8 along opposite sides of the laminated glass.
  • the aluminum holder is comprised of two pieces of aluminum bolted together with the laminated glass between them.
  • a row of white- emitting LEDs 9 were placed in the perforated interlayer 2 next to each of the two aluminum holders.
  • a row of red-emitting LEDs 10 were placed in the perforated interlayer 4 next to each of the two aluminum holders.
  • a pressure sensor 11 was placed in the perforated interlayer 2 to detect pressure applied to the upper surface of the laminated glass.
  • a microprocessor and the related electronics were attached to the side of the laminated glass.
  • EXAMPLE 3 This Example demonstrates the use of a hollow structural glass block of the invention in a glass block window in which light in each individual block is turned on or off with the wave of a hand near the block.
  • the glass block window is a 3 x 4 array of 12 conventional glass blocks nominally 8 inch x 8 inch x 3.5 inch (20 cm x 20 cm x 8.9 cm). Each glass block was cut into two pieces. A light diffusing film was placed on the interior surface of each of the two 8 inch x 8 inch (20 cm x 20 cm) faces. Four green-emitting diodes were attached along each side of the piece of the block containing the front surface of the block for a total of 16 per block.
  • a capacitor sensor to detect the presence of an object waved near the exterior surface of the block is placed inside the piece of the block containing the front surface of the block.
  • a microprocessor is attached to the inner surface of the piece of the block containing the front surface of the block. Wires are connected from the capacitor to the microprocessor, from the microprocessor to the LEDs and to a battery supply.
  • the two pieces of the glass block were joined together with silicone adhesive.
  • Each of the 12 glass blocks was prepared in a similar manner and the 12 blocks were then joined in the 3 x 4 array of the glass window again using a silicone adhesive.
  • the capacitor in a given block sensed a hand waved in front of that block and the microprocessor activated the 16 LEDs in that block if they were in the "off” state and deactivated them if they were in the "on” state. Any combination of the blocks could be placed in the activated or deactivated state.
  • Two glass plates 3 inches x 6 inches (7.6 cm x 15.2 cm) and 3/16 inch (0.5 cm) thick were used for transparent glass layers 11 and 15, the front and back faces of the structural laminated glass block.
  • the transparent solid non-glass interlayers 12 and 14 were each formed by laminating together, with epoxy, two sheets of DuPont SentryGlas ® Plus ionoplast interlayer, obtained from E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, DE. The five layers were laminated together using epoxy. All three glass layers were aligned and the two interlayers were aligned but the interlayers were positioned so they extended about ⁇ A inch (0.6 cm) beyond the glass layers at the top and the right side of the structural laminated glass block as shown in Figure 4.
  • a second structural laminated glass block essentially prepared as described above was prepared and used to demonstrate the fitting of the structural laminated glass blocks to one another to form a wall or window. LEDs were inserted into the transparent solid non-glass interlayer
  • EXAMPLE 5 This Example demonstrates the use of a laminated glass of the invention as a source of illumination.
  • the laminated glass containing a PLED lighting device was fabricated in the following manner.
  • a glass substrate was partially coated with an indium tin oxide (ITO) film to serve as the anode of the device.
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • PEDOT poly(3,4-ethy!enedioxythiophene) blend, CH8000 (commercially available from Bayer AG, Germany) was spin-coated at 1,000 rpm for 80 seconds, in air, onto the ITO-coated PET.
  • the resulting film was dried on a hot plate at 200°C for 3 minutes and then overnight under vacuum at 60°C.
  • a solution of a yellow emitter PDY ® 132 (commercially available as a pre-made solution from Covion Organic Semiconductors, GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany) was spin-coated at 330 rpm for 30 seconds, followed by 1000 rpm for 20 seconds, onto the PEDOT thin film.
  • the PEDOT and the yellow emitter were removed in the area where the cathode and anode must make contact with the current source.
  • a low work function metal, Ca was vapor deposited on the film of PEDOT and the yellow emitter to a thickness of 10 to 30 nm.
  • a layer of aluminum was vapor deposited on top of the Ca layer to a thickness of 300 nm to complete the cathode formation.
  • a layer of uv-curable epoxy was spread over the device, but leaving the electrode contact area uncovered.
  • a piece of glass was placed on top of the epoxy, and the epoxy was cured with uv light. When a battery was connected to the electrodes, the entire device emitted yellow light.
  • EXAMPLE 6 A laminated glass containing an electrolumnescent panel as a light source was prepared in the following manner. Two pieces of annealed glass, each 90 mm x 85 mm, were washed with a solution of trisodium phosphate (5 gms./liter) in deionized water and then rinsed thoroughly with deionized water and dried. A sheet (0.76 mm thick) of ionomer resin composed of 81% ethylene, 19% methacrylic acid, 37% neutralized with sodium ion and having a melt index of 2 was placed on one of the pieces of glass. The moisture level of said ionomer sheet was below 0.06% by weight.
  • the ionomer sheet had a surface roughness via an embossing technique to allow for ease of air removal from between each assembled interface.
  • An electroluminescent (EL) panel 70 mm x 45 mm, was centered on the ionomer sheet.
  • the sizing of the glass and ionomer sheets used herein were matched and were oversized relative to the electroluminescent panel to allow a full encapsulation of the EL panel during the subsequent lamination process.
  • a second ionomer sheet was placed over the EL panel and the second piece of glass was positioned on top to complete the preassembly structure. The preassembly structure was then taped together with a piece of polyester tape to maintain relative positioning of each layer.
  • a nylon fabric strip was placed around the periphery of the preassembly structure to facilitate air removal from within the layers.
  • the preassembly structure was placed inside a nylon vacuum bag with a connection to a vacuum pump.
  • a vacuum was applied to allow substantial removal of air from within (air pressure inside the bag was reduced to below 50 millibar absolute).
  • the bagged preassembly structure was then heated in a convection air oven to 110°C and held for 30 minutes.
  • a cooling fan was then used to cool the laminated structure down to near room temperature and the laminated structure was disconnected from the vacuum source and the bag removed yielding a fully prepressed laminate of glass and interlayer.
  • the laminated structure although now hermetically sealed around the periphery, still had a few areas internally that had not fully bonded.
  • the laminated structure was then placed into an air autoclave and the pressure and temperature were increased from ambient to 135°C and 200 psi in a period of 15 minutes. This temperature and pressure was held for 30 minutes and then the temperature was decreased to 40°C within a 20 minute period whereby the pressure was then dropped to ambient and the laminated glass structure was removed.
  • EXAMPLE 7 An example of a nightlight safety illumination system of the invention is a monochrome, plug-in-the-wall OLED-based illumination device and integrated sensor electronics for wireless connection from the sensor, a stand-alone, battery operated smoke detector/alarm, to the illumination device. On activation of the smoke detector, the safety illumination device switches from low to high illumination, or flashes.
  • EXAMPLE 8 An example of a smoke detection safety illumination system of the invention is a monochrome, OLED-based, stand-alone, battery operated illumination device providing a safety sign and integrated sensor electronics for wireless connection from the sensor, a stand-alone, battery operated smoke detector-alarm, to the illumination device. With the activation of the smoke detector, the illumination device with the safety sign switches from low to high illumination, or flashes.
  • the illumination device and the smoke detector may be separate devices or may be integrated into a single device.
  • EXAMPLE 9 An example of a smoke detection safety illumination system of the invention is a monochrome, OLED-based illumination device integrated into the surface structure of the sensor, a wired or battery operated smoke detector-alarm. With the activation of the smoke detector, the illumination device switches from off to high brightness, or flashes.
  • EXAMPLE 10 An example of a smoke detection safety illumination system of the invention is a OLED-based illumination device integrated into a transparent (e.g., SentryGlas Plus ® , safety glass laminate available from Dupont co., Wilmington, DE) balustrade railing or stair material for stairways and integrated sensor electronics for wireless connection from the sensor, a stand-alone, battery operated smoke detector-alarm, to the illumination device. With the activation of the smoke detector, the illumination device switches from low to high illumination.
  • the smoke detector may be a separate device or may be integrated into the transparent balustrade railing or stair material.
  • An example of a motion detection safety illumination system of the invention is a OLED-based illumination device integrated into a transparent (e.g., SentryGlas Plus ® , safety glass laminate available from Dupont co., Wilmington, DE)) balustrade railing or stair material for stairways and integrated sensor electronics for wireless connection from the sensor, a stand-alone, battery operated motion, to the illumination device. With the activation of the motion detector, the illumination device switches from low to high illumination.
  • the motion detector may be a separate device or may be integrated into the transparent balustrade railing or stair material.
  • EXAMPLE 12 An example of a power outage detection safety illumination system of the invention is a OLED-based illumination device integrated into a transparent (e.g., SentryGlas Plus ® , safety glass laminate available from Dupont co., Wilmington, DE)) balustrade railing or stair material for use in stairways or halls and with integrated sensor electronics for wireless connection from the sensor, a stand-alone, battery operated light-sensing device, to the illumination device. With the activation of the light-sensing device, the illumination device switches from off to high illumination.
  • the light-sensing device may be a separate device or may be integrated into the transparent balustrade railing or stair material.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

This invention relates to laminated glass, structural glass blocks and structural plyglass as carrying cases for solid state lighting, sensors, energy generation and storage devices and other electronics that are contained within the transparent non-glass interlayers or air cavities of the laminated glass, structural glass blocks and structural plyglass.

Description

TITLE LAMINATED GLASS AND STRUCTURAL GLASS WITH INTEGRATED LIGHTING, SENSORS AND ELECTRONICS FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to laminated glass comprised of at least two layers of glass separated by a transparent non-glass interlayer or an air cavity wherein solid state lighting, sensors, energy generation and storage devices and other electronics are contained within the transparent non- glass interlayer or air cavity. This invention also relates to structural glass blocks and structural plyglass wherein solid state lighting, sensors, energy generation and storage devices and other electronics are contained within the air cavity of the hollow glass block or within the non-glass interlayers of the plyglass.
TECHNICAL BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Laminated glass is commonly used in construction for such purposes as internal and external walls and windows. Such laminated glass typically consists of at least two layers of glass separated by a transparent non-glass interlayer or an air cavity. For example, a conventional laminated glass double glazed window or wall typically consists of two glass structures separated by an air cavity, wherein each glass structure consists of two layers of glass separated by a transparent non-glass interlayer. Conventional structural glass blocks are also commonly used in construction for such purposes as internal and external walls and windows. These glass blocks typically contain a large air cavity. An objective of this invention is to use the non-glass interlayer and/or the air cavity in laminated glass and the air cavity in glass blocks to contain solid state lighting, sensors, energy generation or storage devices and other electronics to enhance the functionality and the aesthetics of the laminated glass and glass blocks. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention provides a laminated glass comprised of at least two layers of transparent glass with adjacent glass layers separated by a transparent solid non-glass interlayer or an air cavity, wherein at least one transparent non-glass interlayer or air cavity contains a device comprised of at least one element selected from the group consisting of solid state lighting, heat sensors, light sensors, pressure sensors, thin film capacitance sensors, photovoltaic cells, thin film batteries, liquid crystal display films, suspended particle device films, and transparent electrical conductors.
This invention also provides a laminated glass comprised of at least one layer of transparent glass and at least one layer of transparent polymer with adjacent glass layers, adjacent transparent polymer layers and adjacent glass and transparent polymer layers separated by a transparent non-glass interlayer or an air cavity, wherein at least one transparent non-glass interlayer or air cavity contains a device comprised of at least one element selected from the group consisting of solid state lighting, heat sensors, light sensors, pressure sensors, thin film capacitance sensors, photovoltaic cells, thin film batteries, liquid crystal display films, suspended particle device films, and transparent electrical conductors.
This invention further provides a hollow structural glass block within which there is an air cavity, wherein said air cavity contains a device comprised of at least one element selected from the group consisting of solid state lighting, heat sensors, light sensors, pressure sensors, thin film capacitance sensors, photovoltaic cells, thin film batteries, liquid crystal display films, suspended particle device films, and transparent electrical conductors.
This invention also provides a structural plyglass block, a laminated glass block, comprised of n layers of transparent glass and n-1 layers of transparent solid non-glass interlayers, wherein n > 2; all layers of transparent glass and all layers of transparent solid non-glass interlayers have essentially the same lateral dimensions; adjacent transparent glass layers are separated by one of said transparent solid non-glass interlayers; and at least one of the layers of transparent glass and of transparent solid non-glass interlayers is positioned to extend beyond the other layers on two adjacent sides of the structural laminated glass block. Preferably, at least two of the layers of transparent glass and of transparent solid non-glass interlayers are positioned to extend beyond the other layers on two adjacent sides of the structural plyglass block. Especially preferred is a configuration wherein the layers of transparent glass and the layers of solid non-glass interlayers are positioned with respect to one another such that all the layers of transparent glass are aligned and all the layers of transparent solid non-glass interlayers are aligned, and all the layers of aligned transparent glass extend beyond all the layers of aligned transparent solid non-glass interlayers on two adjacent sides of the structural laminated glass block and all the aligned layers of transparent solid non-glass interlayers extend beyond all the aligned layers of transparent glass on the two opposite sides of the structural laminated glass block.
This invention also provides the structural laminated glass block described above wherein at least one of the solid non-glass interlayers contains a device comprised of at least one element selected from the group consisting of solid state lighting, heat sensors, light sensors, pressure sensors, thin film capacitance sensors, photovoltaic cells, thin film batteries, liquid crystal display films, suspended particle device films, and transparent electrical conductors.
This invention also provides a safety illumination system comprising a sensor to detect the existence of a safety problem; an illumination device comprising at least one organic light-emitting diode; and means to convey a signal from the sensor to the illumination device to impose a voltage across the at least one organic light-emitting diode of the illumination device to activate the illumination device and thereby provide the desired illumination. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 shows four of the displays obtained in Example 1 when using a glass laminate of the invention to provide a window display.
Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the laminated glass of the invention used in Example 2. Figure 3a shows the illumination of the laminated glass of the invention used in Example 2 when no pressure is applied to the laminated glass and Figure 3b shows the illumination of the laminated glass when pressure is applied.
Figure 4 shows three views of the structural laminated glass block of this invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION One aspect of this invention relates to laminated glass comprised of glass layers separated by a transparent solid non-glass interlayer or an air gap and to the utilization of the transparent solid non-glass interlayer or the air cavity between the glass layers of the laminated glass for the integration of a broad range of functions that enhance the functionality and the aesthetics of the laminated glass. The laminated glass is comprised of at least two layers of transparent glass with adjacent glass layers separated by a transparent solid non-glass interlayer or an air cavity. One embodiment of this aspect of the invention is a laminated glass comprised of two layers of transparent glass separated by a transparent solid non-glass interlayer. Another aspect of this invention relates to laminated glass comprised of at least one glass layer and at least one transparent polymer layer separated by a transparent solid non- glass interlayer or an air gap and to the utilization of the transparent solid non-glass interlayer or the air cavity between the glass and polymer layers of the laminated glass for the integration of a broad range of functions that enhance the functionality and the aesthetics of the laminated glass. The laminated glass is comprised of at least one layer of transparent glass and at least one layer of transparent polymer with adjacent glass layers, adjacent transparent polymer layers and adjacent glass and transparent polymer layers separated by a transparent non-glass interlayer or an air cavity. One embodiment of this aspect of the invention is a laminated glass comprised of a layer of transparent glass and a layer of transparent polymer separated by a transparent non-glass interlayer or an air cavity. These two types of laminated glass provide a "carrying case" that allows digital and thin film technologies to be integrated into or alongside the transparent solid non-glass interlayer or into the air cavity. This allows the transparent solid non-glass interlayer to serve two purposes, that of a shatter resistant material and as a host for a device that adds additional functions to the laminated glass. Similarly, it allows the air cavity to serve two purposes, that of thermal insulator and as a host for a device that adds additional functions to the laminated glass. As used herein, "transparent" when used in connection with transparent solid non-glass interlayer means a solid non-glass interlayer which transmits light with no appreciable scattering as well as a solid non-glass interlayer which is translucent, i.e., which partially transmits light. The degree of transparency required of the transparent solid non-glass interlayer will usually be dictated by how the laminate is to be used. If the use requires as completely transparent a laminate as possible, e.g., for use as a window, the transparent solid non-glass interlayer should transmit light with no appreciable scattering. If the laminate is to be used as a stair tread or stair riser, a transparent solid non-glass interlayer that partially transmits light can be quite acceptable. The invention provides that at least one transparent solid non-glass interlayer or air cavity contain a device comprised of at least one element selected from the group consisting of solid state lighting, heat sensors, light sensors, pressure sensors, thin film capacitance sensors, photovoltaic cells, thin film batteries, liquid crystal display films, suspended particle device films, and transparent electrical conductors. When a transparent solid non-glass interlayer is used, the interlayer may be perforated to provide space for the elements of the device. Alternatively, the elements of the device may be adjacent to the transparent solid non- glass interlayer. Preferred as the transparent solid non-glass interlayer is a Butacite® PVB (polyvinyl butyral) available from E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, DE. Also preferred as the transparent solid non-glass interlayer is an ionoplast interlayer available in the SentryGlas® Plus laminated glass construction from E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, DE. Transparent electrical conductors such as indium tin oxide can be deposited directly onto the transparent glass or the transparent polymer.
The solid state lighting can be in the form of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), an optoelectrical device consisting of a p-n junction that emits light (ultraviolet, visible or infrared radiation) in response to a forward current passing through the diode. LEDs are made using inorganic materials. The solid state lighting can also be in the form of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The OLEDS can be polymeric light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) or small molecule organic light-emitting diodes (SMOLEDs). Transparent electrical conductors can be used to provide means to apply an activating voltage to the LEDs or OLEDs. Indium tin oxide is a preferred transparent electrical conductor. The source of illumination can also be in the form of an electroluminescent (EL) film. A microprocessor chip to control the solid state lighting can be provided either as part of the device contained in at least one transparent solid non-glass interlayer or air cavity or can be provided externally to the laminated glass. The microprocessor chip can be programmed to cause the solid lighting to display a sequence of images. The images can be in the form of a pictorial or aesthetic display or text. When a thin film capacitance sensor is made part of the device, the motion of an object, such as a hand, can change the display. The laminated glass remains transparent over the parts of the laminated glass where there is no solid state lighting or where the solid state lighting is not activated. The portion of the laminated glass where the solid state lighting is activated displays images and information such as temperature, time, stock prices, etc. as well as programmable text and messages. The laminated glass can serve as a window, as an internal or external wall or surface, as an automotive windscreen, sunroof or instrumentation panel, as a kitchen appliance display, as glazing in airplanes, trains or subways, or as a display surface.
The air cavity of a conventional laminated double glazed window provides ample space for the device described above in any of its forms. A conventional laminated double glazed window is comprised of a glass- interlayer-glass member separated from a second glass-interlayer-glass layer by and air cavity. One such device converts energy received in the form of light from the sun or other light sources into electrical energy that can be stored in a battery and used to power LEDs, OLEDs, electroluminescent films, liquid crystal display films, electrochromic suspended particle device films, etc. For example, the device can be comprised of a thin film photovoltaic panel, a rechargeable thin film lithium battery and transparent indium tin oxide films to conduct electricity between the various elements. Alternatively, the battery could be used to power another device not within the window. With the addition of a microprocessor to control the illumination, the energy stored in the battery can be used to provide different types of displays in the window depending on the time of the day. For example, the display could supply information, advertising, etc. during daylight hours; it could supply illumination during the evening hours; it could act as a night light. Since the lithium battery is opaque and typical reasonably priced photovoltaic cells are opaque, these elements are localized in one portion area of the air cavity. This device comprised of a thin film photovoltaic panel and a rechargeable thin film lithium battery can also be used in other embodiments of the laminated glass.
A device that is useful in the laminated glass of this invention is one that adjusts the translucency and/or color of the laminated glass in response to the amount of exterior light impinging on the laminated glass and to thereby provide appropriate shading. The device is comprised of a light sensor to sense the impinging light, a suspended particle device film or a liquid crystal display film and means to use the output of the light sensor to adjust the translucency and/or color of the suspended particle device film or the liquid crystal display film.
The embodiment of the invention of a laminated glass comprised of two layers of transparent glass separated by a transparent solid non-glass interlayer, i.e., glass-interlayer-glass, or a laminated glass comprised of three layers of transparent glass and two transparent solid non-glass interlayers, i.e., glass-interlayer-glass-interlayer-glass, are particularly useful as illuminated stair treads, stair risers or floor tiles. The transparent solid non-glass interlayer can be illuminated by LEDs or OLEDs in the transparent solid non-glass interlayer or by LEDs or OLEDs positioned at the edges of the transparent solid non-glass interlayer. In the case of a stair tread or floor tile, a sensor detects a foot placed on the laminated glass. A microprocessor can use the presence or absence of a signal from the pressure sensor to activate and vary the lighting contained within the laminated glass. The laminated glass comprised of three layers of transparent glass and two transparent solid non-glass interlayers with each transparent solid non-glass interlayer containing a lighting device provides an even wider variety of lighting variations than the laminated glass comprised of two layers of transparent glass separated by a transparent solid non-glass interlayer. With two lighting devices within the laminated glass, detection by the pressure sensor of a foot placed on the laminated glass can be used to turn off the illumination coming from one of the transparent solid non-glass interlayers and turn on the illumination coming from the other transparent solid non-glass interlayer. Alternatively, both could be turned on. In another use, the signal from pressure sensors as a result of a foot impacting the bottom step of a staircase or the top step of a staircase could be used to increase the illumination of all the treads in the staircase by activating additional LEDs or OLEDs. Alternatively, the signal from pressure sensors as a result of a foot impacting the bottom step of a staircase or the top step of a staircase could be used to activate a laminated glass display of this invention mounted along the wall of the staircase to convey information, directions, etc.
The present invention also relates to a safety illumination system comprising a sensor to detect the existence of a safety problem, an illumination device comprising at least one OLED, and means to convey an signal from the sensor to the illumination device to impose a voltage across the anode and the cathode of the illumination device to activate the illumination device and thereby provide illumination.
The sensor may one that detects the presence of smoke, gas or motion or the absence of a usual light level in the event of an electrical power failure. The means to convey a signal from the sensor to the illumination device may be electrical or mechanical, but an electrical means is preferred. A safety illumination system may be operated by wired or wireless options. Wireless options could be used for remote control. Operation with other safety sensor systems, e.g., light, smoke, motion, or gas detectors, could be direct as in a single integrated system or wireless for a system that would consist of multiple devices. Illumination can be controlled electronically and/or manually (e.g., for dimmability), as well as sensor activated. Illumination can range from low brightness for locatability and aesthetic purposes to high brightness for safety, emergency, visibility, and information conveyance purposes.
The safety illumination system can contain more than one OLED- based illuminary, e.g., an array of OLEDs. OLEDs can also be patterned on transparent or translucent medium in a range of forms that could include panels of illumination, letters, numbers, figures/shapes, symbols or other forms alone or in combinations. It is understood that the pattern may vary as desired. For these embodiments, the anode and the OLED layer will be patterned. The layers can be applied in a pattern by, for example, positioning a patterned mask or photoresist on the first flexible composite barrier structure prior to applying the first electrical contact layer material. Alternatively, the layers can be applied as an overall layer and subsequently patterned using, for example, a photoresist and wet chemical etching. Other processes for patterning that are well known in the art can also be used. The illumination device is thin, flat, lightweight and, when deposited onto a flexible substrate, is conformable to various shapes and configurations. The illumination device will have lifetimes in excess of 1000 hours. Each illumination device consists of one or more pixels. The illumination device can emit monochromatic light, several colors or white light.
The illumination device and the sensor in a safety illumination system of this invention may be separate entities or they may be integrated into a single device. This invention also provides a combination of safety illumination devices serving as a subsystem component as part of a larger system such as horizontal (e.g., ceiling) or vertical (e.g., walls, doors, partitions, stairway structures) surfaces. The device and/or system electronics and sensors may be embedded to enhance flexibility, reduce weight, and impart ruggedness. It provides controllable illumination and the conveyance of safety information via illumination and illuminated forms. Thus the present invention provides a simple and cost-effective solution for making an integrated, OLED-based safety illumination system with controllable (e.g., dimming switch, electronic signals, sensor activated, remote control) light output. It is a safety illumination system that can be linked (via wires or wirelessly) to separate safety sensor devices/systems, and can be integrated within or as part of other safety sensor devices/systems. Conventional structural glass blocks are commonly used in construction for such purposes as internal and external walls and windows. These glass blocks typically contain a large air cavity and therefore provide another type of "carrying case" that allows digital and thin film technologies to be integrated into the air cavity and thereby integrates a broad range of functions that enhance the functionality and the aesthetics of the glass blocks. Any of the devices and results discussed above in connection with the laminated glass can be used in the glass blocks. Colors of individual blocks in a glass block window or wall can be changed or the color of the whole window or wall can be changed. Glass blocks can change the amount of shading depending on the intensity of impinging light. The use of thin film capacitor sensors just below the interior surface of the glass block can provide the means to change color by waving a hand in front of the block. Remote sensors enable the glass block system to respond to environmental factors. Microprocessors and other electronic circuitry can be imbedded in the mortar between the blocks or within the blocks themselves.
This invention also provides a novel structural plyglass block, a laminated glass block. The block is comprised of n layers of transparent glass and n-1 layers of transparent solid non-glass interlayers, wherein n > 2. All layers of the transparent glass and all layers of the transparent solid non-glass interlayers have essentially the same lateral dimensions. Lateral dimensions are used herein to refer to the two dimensions in the plane of the layer, i.e., the dimensions perpendicular to the thickness of the layer. Adjacent transparent glass layers are separated by one of the transparent solid non-glass interlayers so that the exterior faces of the structural laminated glass block are always layers of transparent glass. At least one of the layers of transparent glass and of transparent solid non-glass interlayers is positioned to extend beyond the other layers on two adjacent sides of the structural plyglass block. Preferably, at least two of the layers of transparent glass and of transparent solid non-glass interlayers are positioned to extend beyond the other layers on two adjacent sides of the structural laminated glass block. The purpose of the off-setting of at least one and preferably at least two of the layers with respect to the rest is to provide a means for others blocks fashioned in the same way to interfit with one another to form a sturdy window, wall, etc., comprised of these structural laminated glass blocks. Especially preferred is a configuration wherein the all the layers of transparent glass are aligned and all the layers of transparent solid non-glass interlayers are aligned. The aligned layers of transparent glass are positioned with respect to the aligned layers of transparent solid non-glass interlayers so that all the aligned layers of transparent glass extend beyond all the layers of aligned transparent solid non-glass interlayers on two adjacent sides of the structural laminated glass block and all the aligned layers of transparent solid non-glass interlayers extend beyond all the aligned layers of transparent glass on the two opposite sides of the structural laminated glass block. A transparent glass layer can consist of a single plate of glass or of several plates of glass laminated together. Similarly a transparent solid non-glass interlayer can consist of a single sheet of interlayer material or of several sheets of interlayer material laminated together. When n = 3, the structural laminated glass block is a glass, non- glass interlayer, glass, non-glass interlayer, glass structure, as shown in Figure 4. Figure 4a shows a front view of the structural laminated glass block. Transparent glass layer 11 is the front face of the structural laminated glass block and transparent solid non-glass interlayer 12 is the transparent solid non-glass interlayer adjacent to transparent glass layer 11. Figure 4b shows an end cross-section of the structural laminated glass block. Transparent glass layers 11 , 13 and 15 with the same lateral dimension, i.e., width, but with different thicknesses are shown aligned with one another. Transparent glass layer 15 is the back face of the structural laminated glass block. Transparent solid non-glass interlayers 12 and 14 with the same lateral dimension, i.e., width, as the transparent glass layers are shown aligned with one another, but positioned so that they extend beyond the transparent glass layers on the right side of the structural laminated glass block. Similarly, the transparent glass layers extend beyond the transparent solid non-glass interlayers on the left side of the structural laminated glass block. Figure 4c shows a side cross- section of the structural laminated glass block. Transparent glass layers 11 , 13 and 15 with the same lateral dimension, i.e., length, are shown aligned with one another. Transparent solid non-glass interlayers 12 and 14 with the same lateral dimension, i.e., length, as the transparent glass layers are shown aligned with one another, but positioned so that they extend beyond the transparent glass layers on the top side of the structural laminated glass block. Similarly, the transparent glass layers extend beyond the transparent solid non-glass interlayers on the bottom side of the structural laminated glass block. It is apparent from Figure 4 that the two extended transparent solid non-glass interlayers would fit into the recesses of adjacent similar blocks and thereby can be joined to form an extended wall or window comprised of these structural laminated glass blocks.
The structural laminated glass block provides another type of "carrying case" that allows digital and thin film technologies to be integrated into the transparent solid non-glass interlayers and thereby integrate a broad range of functions that enhance the functionality and the aesthetics of the structural laminated glass block. Any of the devices and results discussed above in connection with the laminated glass can be used in the structural laminated glass block. Colors of individual blocks in a structural laminated glass block window or wall can be changed or the color of the whole window or wall can be changed. Structural laminated glass blocks can change the amount of shading depending on the intensity of impinging light. The use of thin film capacitor sensors just below the interior surface of the structural laminated glass block can provide the means to change color by waving a hand in front of the block. Remote sensors enable the structural laminated glass block system to respond to environmental factors. Microprocessors and other electronic circuitry can be imbedded in the transparent solid non-glass interlayers. EXAMPLES OF THE INVENTION EXAMPLE 1 This Example demonstrates the use of laminated glass of the invention to provide a window display. The wooden frame of the window was constructed to hold two 20 inch by 30 inch (508 cm x 762 cm) pieces of glass parallel and with an air gap of about 3/ 6 inch (.5 cm) between them. A 10 x 14 array of 140 LEDs was arranged in the air gap between the two pieces of glass. This was accomplished by stringing vertically 10 very thin electrically conducting wires spaced about 1 inch (2.5 cm) apart from the top of the wooden frame to the bottom and stringing horizontally 14 very thin electrically conducting wires spaced about 1 inch (2.5 cm) apart from the top of the wooden frame to the bottom. At each intersection of the two sets of wires a commercially available blue LED was attached, the cathode to one wire and the anode to the other. The wires were positioned so that the array of LEDs was centered in the window. The LEDs were connected to a microprocessor chip, a 6 volt battery power supply and a switch to turn the display on and off, all of which were located on the wooden frame of the window. The microprocessor chip was programmed to provide various images. A few of the images are shown in Figure 1. In Figure 1a, all 140 LEDs are emitting. In Figure 1b, a temperature of 19° is displayed. In Figure 1c, a letter A is displayed. Figure 1d is a display of a random pattern.
In a commercial window display the electrically conducting wires would be replaced by transparent indium tin oxide conductors. EXAMPLE 2
This Example demonstrates the use of laminated glass of the invention as a stair tread or floor tile. The laminated glass, 12 inches by 12 inches (30 cm x 30 cm), is comprised of three layers of transparent glass and two transparent solid non-glass interlayers, all five layers having lateral dimensions of 12 inches by 12 inches (30 cm x 30 cm). A cross- section of a portion of the laminated glass is shown in Figure 2 and reference is made to Figure 2 in the following description. A glass plate 1 that is 1 inch (1.3 cm) thick serves is the upper surface of the laminated glass. A perforated interlayer 2 is perforated DuPont SentryGlas® Plus ionoplast interlayer, obtained from E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, DE. The perforations 3 are uniformly placed throughout the interlayer 2. The next layer in the laminated glass is a glass plate 4 that is 3/8 inch (1 cm) thick. A perforated interlayer 5 is perforated DuPont SentryGlas® Plus ionoplast interlayer, obtained from E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, DE. The perforations 6 in perforated interlayer 5 are in the form of the logo of the DuPont Co. The bottom layer of the laminated glass is a glass plate 7 that is ΛA inch (1.3 cm) thick. The five layers of the laminated glass are held together by an aluminum holder 8 along opposite sides of the laminated glass. The aluminum holder is comprised of two pieces of aluminum bolted together with the laminated glass between them. A row of white- emitting LEDs 9 were placed in the perforated interlayer 2 next to each of the two aluminum holders. A row of red-emitting LEDs 10 were placed in the perforated interlayer 4 next to each of the two aluminum holders. A pressure sensor 11 was placed in the perforated interlayer 2 to detect pressure applied to the upper surface of the laminated glass. A microprocessor and the related electronics were attached to the side of the laminated glass.
When no pressure was applied to the glass plate 1 , the white- emitting LEDs 9 in the uniformly perforated interlayer 2 were activated. Light was transmitted through interlayer 2 and was scattered at the uniformly placed perforations giving a soft uniform white appearance to the laminated glass as shown in Figure 3a. When pressured was applied to the glass plate 1 , the white-emitting LEDs 9 were deactivated and the red-emitting LEDs 10 in interlayer 5 were activated. Light was transmitted through interlayer 5 and scattered at the perforations resulting in a red DuPont Co. logo as shown in Figure 3b.
EXAMPLE 3 This Example demonstrates the use of a hollow structural glass block of the invention in a glass block window in which light in each individual block is turned on or off with the wave of a hand near the block. The glass block window is a 3 x 4 array of 12 conventional glass blocks nominally 8 inch x 8 inch x 3.5 inch (20 cm x 20 cm x 8.9 cm). Each glass block was cut into two pieces. A light diffusing film was placed on the interior surface of each of the two 8 inch x 8 inch (20 cm x 20 cm) faces. Four green-emitting diodes were attached along each side of the piece of the block containing the front surface of the block for a total of 16 per block. A capacitor sensor to detect the presence of an object waved near the exterior surface of the block is placed inside the piece of the block containing the front surface of the block. A microprocessor is attached to the inner surface of the piece of the block containing the front surface of the block. Wires are connected from the capacitor to the microprocessor, from the microprocessor to the LEDs and to a battery supply. The two pieces of the glass block were joined together with silicone adhesive. Each of the 12 glass blocks was prepared in a similar manner and the 12 blocks were then joined in the 3 x 4 array of the glass window again using a silicone adhesive.
The capacitor in a given block sensed a hand waved in front of that block and the microprocessor activated the 16 LEDs in that block if they were in the "off" state and deactivated them if they were in the "on" state. Any combination of the blocks could be placed in the activated or deactivated state.
EXAMPLE 4 This Example demonstrates the production of a structural laminated glass block with n = 3, i.e. a glass, interlayer, glass, interlayer, glass structural laminated glass block with the dimensions essentially as shown to scale in Figure 4. Two glass plates 3 inches x 6 inches (7.6 cm x 15.2 cm) and 3/16 inch (0.5 cm) thick were used for transparent glass layers 11 and 15, the front and back faces of the structural laminated glass block.
Three glass plates 3 inches x 6 inches (7.6 cm x 15.2 cm) and 3/16 inch (0.5 cm) thick were laminated together using epoxy and the resulting laminated glass was used for transparent glass layer 13. The transparent solid non-glass interlayers 12 and 14 were each formed by laminating together, with epoxy, two sheets of DuPont SentryGlas® Plus ionoplast interlayer, obtained from E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, DE. The five layers were laminated together using epoxy. All three glass layers were aligned and the two interlayers were aligned but the interlayers were positioned so they extended about ΛA inch (0.6 cm) beyond the glass layers at the top and the right side of the structural laminated glass block as shown in Figure 4. A second structural laminated glass block essentially prepared as described above was prepared and used to demonstrate the fitting of the structural laminated glass blocks to one another to form a wall or window. LEDs were inserted into the transparent solid non-glass interlayer
12 of one the structural laminated glass block and connections provided to enable the use of an external battery to activate the LEDs. Alternatively a thin film battery could be provided in the transparent solid non-glass interlayer.
EXAMPLE 5 This Example demonstrates the use of a laminated glass of the invention as a source of illumination. The laminated glass containing a PLED lighting device was fabricated in the following manner. A glass substrate was partially coated with an indium tin oxide (ITO) film to serve as the anode of the device. A poly(3,4-ethy!enedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) blend, CH8000 (commercially available from Bayer AG, Germany) was spin-coated at 1,000 rpm for 80 seconds, in air, onto the ITO-coated PET. The resulting film was dried on a hot plate at 200°C for 3 minutes and then overnight under vacuum at 60°C. A solution of a yellow emitter PDY®132 (commercially available as a pre-made solution from Covion Organic Semiconductors, GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany) was spin-coated at 330 rpm for 30 seconds, followed by 1000 rpm for 20 seconds, onto the PEDOT thin film. The PEDOT and the yellow emitter were removed in the area where the cathode and anode must make contact with the current source. A low work function metal, Ca, was vapor deposited on the film of PEDOT and the yellow emitter to a thickness of 10 to 30 nm. A layer of aluminum was vapor deposited on top of the Ca layer to a thickness of 300 nm to complete the cathode formation. A layer of uv-curable epoxy was spread over the device, but leaving the electrode contact area uncovered. A piece of glass was placed on top of the epoxy, and the epoxy was cured with uv light. When a battery was connected to the electrodes, the entire device emitted yellow light.
EXAMPLE 6 A laminated glass containing an electrolumnescent panel as a light source was prepared in the following manner. Two pieces of annealed glass, each 90 mm x 85 mm, were washed with a solution of trisodium phosphate (5 gms./liter) in deionized water and then rinsed thoroughly with deionized water and dried. A sheet (0.76 mm thick) of ionomer resin composed of 81% ethylene, 19% methacrylic acid, 37% neutralized with sodium ion and having a melt index of 2 was placed on one of the pieces of glass. The moisture level of said ionomer sheet was below 0.06% by weight. The ionomer sheet had a surface roughness via an embossing technique to allow for ease of air removal from between each assembled interface. An electroluminescent (EL) panel, 70 mm x 45 mm, was centered on the ionomer sheet. The sizing of the glass and ionomer sheets used herein were matched and were oversized relative to the electroluminescent panel to allow a full encapsulation of the EL panel during the subsequent lamination process. A second ionomer sheet was placed over the EL panel and the second piece of glass was positioned on top to complete the preassembly structure. The preassembly structure was then taped together with a piece of polyester tape to maintain relative positioning of each layer. A nylon fabric strip was placed around the periphery of the preassembly structure to facilitate air removal from within the layers. The preassembly structure was placed inside a nylon vacuum bag with a connection to a vacuum pump. A vacuum was applied to allow substantial removal of air from within (air pressure inside the bag was reduced to below 50 millibar absolute). The bagged preassembly structure was then heated in a convection air oven to 110°C and held for 30 minutes. A cooling fan was then used to cool the laminated structure down to near room temperature and the laminated structure was disconnected from the vacuum source and the bag removed yielding a fully prepressed laminate of glass and interlayer. The laminated structure, although now hermetically sealed around the periphery, still had a few areas internally that had not fully bonded. The laminated structure was then placed into an air autoclave and the pressure and temperature were increased from ambient to 135°C and 200 psi in a period of 15 minutes. This temperature and pressure was held for 30 minutes and then the temperature was decreased to 40°C within a 20 minute period whereby the pressure was then dropped to ambient and the laminated glass structure was removed.
Application of the proper electrical current to the device indicated that the electroluminescent panel provided light and functioned as it had before encapsulation within the glass. It was now protected from physical damage and attack from moisture, air, etc. and could serve in the uses discussed herein.
EXAMPLE 7. An example of a nightlight safety illumination system of the invention is a monochrome, plug-in-the-wall OLED-based illumination device and integrated sensor electronics for wireless connection from the sensor, a stand-alone, battery operated smoke detector/alarm, to the illumination device. On activation of the smoke detector, the safety illumination device switches from low to high illumination, or flashes.
EXAMPLE 8 An example of a smoke detection safety illumination system of the invention is a monochrome, OLED-based, stand-alone, battery operated illumination device providing a safety sign and integrated sensor electronics for wireless connection from the sensor, a stand-alone, battery operated smoke detector-alarm, to the illumination device. With the activation of the smoke detector, the illumination device with the safety sign switches from low to high illumination, or flashes. The illumination device and the smoke detector may be separate devices or may be integrated into a single device.
EXAMPLE 9 An example of a smoke detection safety illumination system of the invention is a monochrome, OLED-based illumination device integrated into the surface structure of the sensor, a wired or battery operated smoke detector-alarm. With the activation of the smoke detector, the illumination device switches from off to high brightness, or flashes.
EXAMPLE 10 An example of a smoke detection safety illumination system of the invention is a OLED-based illumination device integrated into a transparent (e.g., SentryGlas Plus ®, safety glass laminate available from Dupont co., Wilmington, DE) balustrade railing or stair material for stairways and integrated sensor electronics for wireless connection from the sensor, a stand-alone, battery operated smoke detector-alarm, to the illumination device. With the activation of the smoke detector, the illumination device switches from low to high illumination. The smoke detector may be a separate device or may be integrated into the transparent balustrade railing or stair material. EXAMPLE 11
An example of a motion detection safety illumination system of the invention is a OLED-based illumination device integrated into a transparent (e.g., SentryGlas Plus ®, safety glass laminate available from Dupont co., Wilmington, DE)) balustrade railing or stair material for stairways and integrated sensor electronics for wireless connection from the sensor, a stand-alone, battery operated motion, to the illumination device. With the activation of the motion detector, the illumination device switches from low to high illumination. The motion detector may be a separate device or may be integrated into the transparent balustrade railing or stair material.
EXAMPLE 12 An example of a power outage detection safety illumination system of the invention is a OLED-based illumination device integrated into a transparent (e.g., SentryGlas Plus ®, safety glass laminate available from Dupont co., Wilmington, DE)) balustrade railing or stair material for use in stairways or halls and with integrated sensor electronics for wireless connection from the sensor, a stand-alone, battery operated light-sensing device, to the illumination device. With the activation of the light-sensing device, the illumination device switches from off to high illumination. The light-sensing device may be a separate device or may be integrated into the transparent balustrade railing or stair material.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:
1. A laminated glass comprised of at least two layers of transparent glass with adjacent glass layers separated by a transparent solid non-glass interlayer or an air cavity, wherein at least one said transparent non-glass interlayer or said air cavity contains a device comprised of at least one element selected from the group consisting of solid state lighting, heat sensors, light sensors, pressure sensors, thin film capacitance sensors, photovoltaic cells, thin film batteries, liquid crystal display films, suspended particle device films, and transparent electrical conductors.
2. The laminated glass of Claim 1 , wherein said device is further comprised of a microprocessor chip that is programmed to control said solid state lighting and to cause said solid state lighting to display a sequence of images.
3. The laminated glass of Claim 1 that is used as an exterior window or wall, wherein said device is comprised of a light sensor, a liquid crystal display film and means to control the translucency of said liquid crystal display film whereby as the intensity of the external light impinging on said sensor increases said means reduces said translucency of said liquid crystal display film and as the intensity of said external light impinging on said sensor decreases said means increases said translucency of said liquid crystal display film to provide variable shading of the interior.
4. The laminated glass of Claim 1 that is used as an exterior window or wall, wherein said device is comprised of a light sensor, a suspended particle device film and means to control the translucency of said suspended particle device film whereby as the intensity of the external light impinging on said sensor increases said means reduces said translucency of said suspended particle device film and as the intensity of said external light impinging on said sensor decreases said means increases said translucency of said suspended particle device film to provide variable shading of the interior.
5. The laminated glass of Claim 1 in the form of a conventional laminated glass double glazed window, wherein said device is contained within said air cavity of said conventional laminated glass double glazed window and said device comprises: a) a photovoltaic cell to convert the solar energy impinging on said photovoltaic cell to electrical energy; and b) a thin film battery to store said electrical energy.
6. A laminated glass comprised of at least one layer of transparent glass and at least one layer of transparent polymer with adjacent glass layers, adjacent transparent polymer layers and adjacent glass and transparent polymer layers separated by a transparent non- glass interlayer or an air cavity, wherein at least one said transparent non- glass interlayer or said air cavity contains a device comprised of at least one element selected from the group consisting of solid state lighting, heat sensors, light sensors, pressure sensors, thin film capacitance sensors, photovoltaic cells, thin film batteries, liquid crystal display films, suspended particle device films, and transparent electrical conductors.
7. The laminated glass of Claim 6, wherein there is provided externally to said laminated glass a microprocessor chip that is programmed to control said solid state lighting and to cause said solid state lighting to display a sequence of images.
8. The laminated glass of Claim 6 that is used as an exterior window or wall, wherein said device is comprised of a light sensor, a liquid crystal display film and means to control the translucency of said liquid crystal display film whereby as the intensity of the external light impinging on said sensor increases said means reduces said translucency of said liquid crystal display film and as the intensity of said external light impinging on said sensor decreases said means increases said translucency of said liquid crystal display film to provide variable shading of the interior.
9. The laminated glass of Claim 6 that is used as an exterior window or wall, wherein said device is comprised of a light sensor, a suspended particle device film and means to control the translucency of said suspended particle device film whereby as the intensity of the external light impinging on said sensor increases said means reduces said translucency of said suspended particle device film and as the intensity of said external light impinging on said sensor decreases said means increases said translucency of said suspended particle device film to provide variable shading of the interior.
10. A luminous stair tread or floor tile comprised of the laminated glass of any of Claims 2-5, wherein said device further comprises a pressure sensor to detect the pressure of a foot impacting said tread and to vary the illumination produced by said device depending on presence or absence of said pressure.
11. A luminous stair riser, stair guard rail, floor tile, interior partition 5 or safety sign comprised of the laminated glass of Claim 1.
12. A luminous stair tread or floor tile comprised of the laminated glass of Claim 6, wherein said device further comprises a pressure sensor to detect the pressure of a foot impacting said tread and to vary the illumination produced by said device in response to the presence or ilO absence of said pressure.
13. A luminous stair riser, stair guard rail, floor tile, interior partition or safety sign comprised of the laminated glass of Claim 6.
14. A hollow structural glass block within which there is an air cavity, wherein said air cavity contains a device comprised of at least one
15 element selected from the group consisting of solid state lighting, heat sensors, light sensors, pressure sensors, thin film capacitance sensors, photovoltaic cells, thin film batteries, liquid crystal display films, suspended particle device films, and transparent electrical conductors.
15. The hollow structural glass block of Claim 14, wherein said 20 device is further comprised of a microprocessor chip that is programmed to control said solid state lighting and to cause said solid state lighting to display a sequence of images.
16. The hollow structural glass block of Claim 14, wherein said device is further comprised of a transparent thin film capacitance sensor
25 to detect the motion of an object across the exterior surface of said hollow structural glass block and to vary the illumination produced by said device in response to said motion.
17. A structural laminated glass block comprised of n layers of transparent glass and n -1 layers of transparent solid non-glass
30 interlayers, wherein n > 2; all said layers of transparent glass and all said layers of transparent solid non-glass interlayers have essentially the same lateral dimensions; adjacent said transparent glass layers are separated by one of said transparent solid non-glass interlayers; and at least one of said layers of transparent glass and transparent solid non-glass interlayers
35 is positioned to extend beyond the other said layers on two adjacent sides of said structural laminated glass block.
18. The structural laminated glass block of Claim 17, wherein said solid non-glass interlayers are comprised of SentryGlas® Plus ionoplast interlayer or polyvinyl butyral.
19. A glass wall or window comprised of the structural laminated glass block of any of Claim 17.
20. The structural laminated glass block of any of Claim 17, wherein at least one of said solid non-glass interlayers contains a device comprised of at least one element selected from the group consisting of solid state lighting, heat sensors, light sensors, pressure sensors, thin film capacitance sensors, photovoltaic cells, thin film batteries, liquid crystal display films, suspended particle device films, and transparent electrical conductors.
21. The structural laminated glass block of Claim 20, wherein said device is further comprised of a microprocessor chip that is programmed to control said solid state lighting and to cause said solid state lighting to display a sequence of images.
22. A glass wall or window comprised of the structural laminated glass block of Claim 20.
23. A safety illumination system comprising: (a) a sensor to detect the existence of a safety problem;
(b) an illumination device comprising at least one organic light- emitting diode; and
(c) means to convey a signal from said sensor to said illumination device to impose a voltage across said at least one organic light- emitting diode of said illumination device to activate the said illumination device and thereby provide the desired illumination.
24. A smoke detection safety illumination system comprising: (a) a sensor to detect the presence of smoke; (b) an illumination device comprising at least one organic light- emitting diode; and (c) means to convey a signal from said sensor to said illumination device to impose a voltage across said at least one organic light- emitting diode of said illumination device to activate the said illumination device and thereby provide the desired illumination.
25. A gas detection safety illumination system comprising: (a) a sensor to detect the presence of a gas;
(b) an illumination device comprising at least one organic light- emitting diode; and
(c) means to convey a signal from said sensor to said illumination device to impose a voltage across said at least one organic light- emitting diode of said illumination device to activate the said illumination device and thereby provide the desired illumination.
26. A motion detection safety illumination system comprising: (a) a sensor to detect the presence of motion;
(b) an illumination device comprising at least one organic light- emitting diode; and
(c) means to convey a signal from said sensor to said illumination device to impose a voltage across said at least one organic light- emitting diode of said illumination device to activate the said illumination device and thereby provide the desired illumination.
27. A power outage detection safety illumination system comprising: (a) a sensor comprising a light-sensing device;
(b) an illumination device comprising at least one organic light- emitting diode; and
(c) means to convey a signal from said sensor to said illumination device to impose a voltage across said at least one organic light- emitting diode of said illumination device to activate the said illumination device and thereby provide the desired illumination.
PCT/US2003/024852 2002-08-06 2003-08-06 Laminated glass and structural glass with integrated lighting, sensors and electronics WO2004016897A2 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/521,505 US20050233125A1 (en) 2002-08-06 2003-08-06 Laminated glass and structural glass with integrated lighting, sensors and electronics
EP20030788357 EP1527249A2 (en) 2002-08-06 2003-08-06 Laminated glass and structural glass with integrated lighting, sensors and electronics
JP2004529281A JP2005534612A (en) 2002-08-06 2003-08-06 Laminated and structural glass with integrated lighting, sensors, and electronics
AU2003256893A AU2003256893A1 (en) 2002-08-06 2003-08-06 Laminated glass and structural glass with integrated lighting, sensors and electronics

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US40125702P 2002-08-06 2002-08-06
US60/401,257 2002-08-06
US46223503P 2003-04-11 2003-04-11
US60/462,235 2003-04-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004016897A2 true WO2004016897A2 (en) 2004-02-26
WO2004016897A3 WO2004016897A3 (en) 2004-08-26

Family

ID=31891359

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2003/024852 WO2004016897A2 (en) 2002-08-06 2003-08-06 Laminated glass and structural glass with integrated lighting, sensors and electronics

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (2) US20040185195A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1527249A2 (en)
JP (1) JP2005534612A (en)
CN (1) CN100470003C (en)
AU (1) AU2003256893A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2004016897A2 (en)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005102688A2 (en) 2004-04-13 2005-11-03 Research Frontiers Incorporated Methods for laminating films for spd light valves and spd light valves incorporating such laminated films
DE102004021683A1 (en) * 2004-04-30 2005-11-24 Karl Vogt Betonwerk Porta Westfalica Gmbh & Co. Kg Bearings, especially pedestals, and flooring with such bearings
JP2006132196A (en) * 2004-11-05 2006-05-25 Inax Corp Housing facility
FR2882423A1 (en) * 2005-02-22 2006-08-25 Saint Gobain Flat lighting structure for use as e.g. double glazing of vehicle, has switchable unit with reflecting surface arranged opposite to luminous zone arranged on sides of glass panes, and turning into transparent surface in area
EP1696406A1 (en) 2005-02-25 2006-08-30 Heinrich Neuhorst Paul Illuminating device
DE102005057699A1 (en) * 2005-11-29 2007-05-31 Jan Hesse Self-luminescent device for displaying e.g. television frame, has liquid crystal layer that passes or blocks ambient light depending on applied voltage, where device is operated as foils that are embedded between carrier materials
DE102006007284A1 (en) * 2006-02-16 2007-08-30 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Aircraft`s information e.g. flight data, system, has aircraft window with windowpane that is coated with translucent display that comprises multitude of organic light emitting diodes for presenting information
GB2435667A (en) * 2005-11-23 2007-09-05 Martin Anthony Mckenzie Barrier comprising transparent screen and LED lighting effects
DE102007015472A1 (en) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-02 Siemens Ag Active window for building technology has at least one solar cell and light emitting diode, whereby solar cell and light emitting diode are polymer electronic components and consist of organic layer systems
EP2450621A1 (en) * 2009-06-30 2012-05-09 Panasonic Corporation Illuminating apparatus
WO2012150330A3 (en) * 2011-05-04 2013-04-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh Optical component
EP1906219B1 (en) * 2006-09-28 2014-02-19 DIN-Dietmar Nocker Facilitymanagement GmbH Device for evacuating persons
US8924076B2 (en) 2007-03-16 2014-12-30 Pilkington Group Limited Interactive vehicle glazing
CN105370161A (en) * 2015-11-10 2016-03-02 天津德易坤科技发展有限公司 Push-pull window with transparent display function
US9782949B2 (en) 2008-05-30 2017-10-10 Corning Incorporated Glass laminated articles and layered articles
EP3685707A1 (en) * 2019-01-22 2020-07-29 Carrier Corporation Refrigerated sales cabinet
WO2020212094A1 (en) 2019-04-16 2020-10-22 Saint-Gobain Glass France Glazing unit and vehicle having same

Families Citing this family (72)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040065025A1 (en) * 2001-07-10 2004-04-08 Steven Durham Energy generating shelter system and method
US20040166335A1 (en) * 2002-08-06 2004-08-26 O'regan Marie B. Laminated polymer with integrated lighting, sensors and electronics
US7334371B2 (en) * 2003-04-04 2008-02-26 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Glass laminates having improved structural integrity against severe stresses for use in external pressure plate glazing applications
US20050042422A1 (en) * 2003-06-13 2005-02-24 Bennison Stephen J. Point attachment systems for laminated glass
US20060005482A1 (en) * 2003-07-31 2006-01-12 Bennison Stephen J Point attachment systems for laminated glass and a process for preparing same
JP2007514635A (en) * 2003-12-16 2007-06-07 イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー Glass laminate with improved structural bonding to severe impacts, including flexible deposits
DE10360808B4 (en) * 2003-12-19 2005-10-27 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Fiber reinforced metallic composite
US20070034317A1 (en) * 2004-03-17 2007-02-15 Valdislav Sklyarevich Method and apparatus for laminating glass sheets
US7796322B2 (en) * 2004-10-08 2010-09-14 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Programmable window: a device for controlling the opacity of small-scale areas within a large scale transparent membrane
US20060126330A1 (en) * 2004-12-15 2006-06-15 Star-Reach Corporation Luminous floor with a change of light sources
US20070022911A1 (en) * 2005-08-01 2007-02-01 C.L. Industries, Inc. Method of manufacturing luminescent tiles and products made therefrom
DE102005043898A1 (en) * 2005-09-14 2007-03-22 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Window arrangement for e.g. passenger aircraft, has mounting element formed for feeding fluids and having transparent region that overlaps part of window region in such a manner that optical light waves are let to pass
WO2007071722A1 (en) * 2005-12-20 2007-06-28 Agc Flat Glass Europe Sa Illumination correction device
US20070187714A1 (en) * 2006-02-15 2007-08-16 Eastman Kodak Company OLED lighting apparatus and method
DE102006017684A1 (en) * 2006-04-15 2007-10-18 Magdalena Jung Stationary/moving image display device e.g. monitor, for e.g. computer, has display layer with liquid crystal pixel arranged in preset grid, where pixel is controlled by electric or electronic signal processed by signal processing device
GB0607746D0 (en) * 2006-04-20 2006-05-31 Pilkington Plc Glazing
GB0607745D0 (en) * 2006-04-20 2006-05-31 Pilkington Plc Glazing
US20090279295A1 (en) * 2006-07-11 2009-11-12 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Transparent body comprising at least one embedded led
EP1886804A1 (en) * 2006-08-02 2008-02-13 AGC Flat Glass Europe SA LED lighting device
GB2442977A (en) * 2006-10-20 2008-04-23 Christopher Phillips Illuminated tile unit
EP1933079A1 (en) * 2006-12-14 2008-06-18 AGC Flat Glass Europe SA Illuminated panel
EP1956580A1 (en) * 2006-12-18 2008-08-13 AGC Flat Glass Europe SA Display panel
EP2142841A1 (en) * 2007-04-03 2010-01-13 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Light output device
WO2008126003A1 (en) * 2007-04-12 2008-10-23 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Light output device
CN101663534B (en) * 2007-04-19 2011-11-09 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 Light output device and control method
WO2008134019A2 (en) * 2007-04-25 2008-11-06 Tesserae Technologies Corporation System and method for color-changing decorative construction materials
WO2009016581A2 (en) * 2007-08-02 2009-02-05 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Light output device
US8097114B2 (en) * 2007-09-17 2012-01-17 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Glass laminate containing ionomer
SI22723A (en) * 2008-01-30 2009-08-31 Jaro Kapus Dedicated display with intelligent light points
US20090255570A1 (en) * 2008-04-10 2009-10-15 Cardinal Solar Technologies Company Glazing assemblies that incorporate photovoltaic elements and related methods of manufacture
ES2335844B1 (en) * 2008-03-11 2011-03-16 Joan Ventayol I Pinyol IMPROVEMENTS IN THE LIGHTING SYSTEMS OF ANY KIND OF OUTDOOR SIGNALING SURFACES.
WO2009122325A1 (en) * 2008-03-31 2009-10-08 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Tile spacer
WO2009126186A1 (en) 2008-04-10 2009-10-15 Cardinal Ig Company Manufacturing of photovoltaic subassemblies
US20090316250A1 (en) * 2008-06-18 2009-12-24 Lee Boman Window having wavelength selectivity and photovoltaic capability
DE102008052806A1 (en) 2008-10-22 2010-04-29 Reinhard Cordes insulating glass pane
GB0916379D0 (en) 2009-09-18 2009-10-28 Pilkington Group Ltd Laminated glazing
US8363301B2 (en) * 2010-06-16 2013-01-29 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Transparent smart light source capable of adjusting illumination direction
RU2013147701A (en) * 2011-04-05 2015-05-10 Юниверсити Оф Флорида Ресеч Фаундейшен Инк. METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PROVIDING A WINDOW CONTAINING A LIGHTING DEVICE BASED ON A LESS THAN PARTIALLY TRANSPARENT ORGANIC LIGHTING EQUIPMENT FROM CHEESOFUL EXTENSION
AU2011101227B4 (en) * 2011-09-22 2012-04-26 My De-Zine Pty Ltd Modique Illumination
ITRM20110536A1 (en) * 2011-10-10 2013-04-11 Univ Calabria ELECTROCROMIC DEVICE.
CN103042752B (en) * 2011-10-15 2018-03-02 宸鸿科技(厦门)有限公司 Electronic installation and its manufacture method with bonding structure
US9864403B2 (en) 2011-12-02 2018-01-09 Apple Inc. Electronic devices with structural glass members
DK177557B1 (en) * 2012-04-27 2013-10-14 Sl Holding Kolding Aps Intelligent temperature controlled window
BE1020715A3 (en) * 2012-06-19 2014-04-01 Agc Glass Europe GLASS ROOF COMPRISING LIGHTING MEANS.
CN110529807A (en) * 2012-08-03 2019-12-03 常州亚玛顿股份有限公司 Solar illuminating system
KR101472488B1 (en) * 2013-07-15 2014-12-17 박임수 System and device for refuge inducement notice
LV14991B (en) 2013-10-04 2015-06-20 Palami, Sia Light emitting module and system of modules
US20170130520A1 (en) * 2014-07-02 2017-05-11 Philips Lighting Holding B.V. A window system including lighting and solar energy collection
DE102015200160A1 (en) * 2015-01-08 2016-07-14 Bombardier Transportation Gmbh Method for displaying information for passengers in the ground area of a vehicle for the purpose of promoting people
CN104733503B (en) * 2015-03-17 2018-05-08 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 A kind of display panel and curved face display panel
US10137668B2 (en) * 2015-03-26 2018-11-27 Research Frontiers Incorporated Laminated glazings with improved moisture protection
CN104948080B (en) * 2015-06-17 2016-06-15 安徽嘉伟新材料科技有限责任公司 A kind of intelligent display glass door and window
CN105332629A (en) * 2015-11-05 2016-02-17 重庆金鑫智慧科技有限公司 Internet-of-things intelligent home full-automatic glass window
US10150352B2 (en) 2016-02-11 2018-12-11 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated window assemblies having light-diffusing elements
JP2019521935A (en) * 2016-04-12 2019-08-08 サン−ゴバン グラス フランス Laminated glass pane having sensor assembly, transmission system, and method for manufacturing laminated glass pane having sensor assembly
US10099606B2 (en) 2016-06-02 2018-10-16 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Dome light assemblies and units that produce natural and courtesy light patterns
US10053006B1 (en) 2017-01-31 2018-08-21 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Illuminated assembly
CN106703619A (en) * 2017-02-07 2017-05-24 荆门市明豪装饰工程有限公司 Tempered laminated glass with light adjusting plate
US10465879B2 (en) 2017-03-27 2019-11-05 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicular light assemblies with LED-excited photoluminescent lightguide
US10866480B2 (en) 2017-04-20 2020-12-15 Cardinal Ig Company High performance privacy glazing structures
US11015384B2 (en) 2017-06-08 2021-05-25 Apple Inc. Light transmitting panel with active components
WO2019014613A1 (en) 2017-07-13 2019-01-17 Cardinal Ig Company Electrical connection configurations for privacy glazing structures
JP2020535098A (en) 2017-09-25 2020-12-03 サン−ゴバン グラス フランス Vehicle windows, vehicles, and how to make them
EP3707555A1 (en) 2017-11-06 2020-09-16 Cardinal Ig Company Privacy glazing system with discrete electrical driver
MX2020011871A (en) 2018-05-09 2021-01-20 Cardinal Ig Co Electrically controllable privacy glazing with energy recapturing driver.
US10968684B2 (en) 2018-08-17 2021-04-06 Cardinal Ig Company Privacy glazing structure with asymetrical pane offsets for electrical connection configurations
US11474385B1 (en) 2018-12-02 2022-10-18 Cardinal Ig Company Electrically controllable privacy glazing with ultralow power consumption comprising a liquid crystal material having a light transmittance that varies in response to application of an electric field
CN113518712A (en) 2019-02-08 2021-10-19 卡迪纳尔Ig公司 Low power driver for privacy glazing
US11175523B2 (en) 2019-04-29 2021-11-16 Cardinal Ig Company Staggered driving electrical control of a plurality of electrically controllable privacy glazing structures
JP2022530661A (en) 2019-04-29 2022-06-30 カーディナル アイジー カンパニー Systems and methods for operating one or more electrically controllable privacy glass structures
MX2021013262A (en) 2019-04-29 2022-01-06 Cardinal Ig Co Leakage current detection and control for one or more electrically controllable privacy glazing structures.
CN111161647B (en) * 2019-12-30 2022-03-08 南京奥汀科技发展有限公司 Transparent floor tile screen with complete transparency and force perception

Citations (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2259192A1 (en) * 1974-01-28 1975-08-22 Sommer Charles Prefabricated insulation, esp for wall-cladding - comprises three similar insulating tiles stuck together in overlapping arrangement
DE2848303A1 (en) * 1978-11-07 1980-05-14 Helmut Faessle Damp-proof prefabricated element of wall or floor tiles - has slabs with firmly secured tiles, having interlocking edge folds at one corner edge and counter folds at other corner edges
GB1582356A (en) * 1978-02-06 1981-01-07 Smith A W A Security systems for buildings
US4425601A (en) * 1981-08-31 1984-01-10 Robert Donahue Stairway lighting system
GB2215105A (en) * 1988-02-16 1989-09-13 Richard William Henry Ford Personnel evacuation system
US5357813A (en) * 1991-10-17 1994-10-25 The State Of Israel, Ministry Of Defence Pressure sensor
WO1996032560A1 (en) * 1995-04-10 1996-10-17 Paolo Wolters Window assembly for screening and lighting inner rooms
JPH08302945A (en) * 1995-03-07 1996-11-19 Santo Kagaku:Kk Non-slip for stair
DE19644126A1 (en) * 1996-10-23 1998-04-30 Wolfram Prof Dr Ing Klingsch Escape route signaling system
JPH11117485A (en) * 1997-10-16 1999-04-27 Hino Motors Ltd Handrail
JPH11175014A (en) * 1997-12-12 1999-07-02 Misawa Homes Co Ltd Solar cell tile
US5940150A (en) * 1991-11-27 1999-08-17 Reveo, Inc. Electro-optical glazing structures having total-reflection and transparent modes of operation for use in dynamical control of electromagnetic radiation
JPH11231818A (en) * 1998-02-13 1999-08-27 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Step difference lighting system
JPH11293879A (en) * 1998-04-10 1999-10-26 Bridgestone Corp Handrail device
JP2000034815A (en) * 1998-07-16 2000-02-02 Sekisui Chem Co Ltd Handrail with lighting apparatus
JP2000336881A (en) * 1999-06-01 2000-12-05 Hamaguchi Keiki Kogyo Kk Illuminating handrail capable of reflecting natural curly grain
WO2002008826A1 (en) * 2000-07-25 2002-01-31 Gentex Corporation Electrochromic windows and method of manufacturing the same
WO2002033207A1 (en) * 2000-10-18 2002-04-25 Saint-Gobain Glass France Laminated glazing and means for its peripheral sealing
DE10064742A1 (en) * 2000-12-22 2002-06-27 Thomas Emde Double-glazed window element with internal illumination provided by light sources incorporated in frame construction
JP2002192643A (en) * 2000-12-25 2002-07-10 Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd Laminate, its production method, and method for producing laminated half-film used for laminate
JP2002205500A (en) * 2000-11-13 2002-07-23 Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd Light emitting decorating device
EP1267029A1 (en) * 2001-05-21 2002-12-18 Schneider + Fichtel GmbH Insulative window with a spacer accomodating an electrical circuit
WO2002101188A1 (en) * 2001-06-12 2002-12-19 Vlyte Innovations Limited A window, a method for displaying a character on a window, and a visual display panel
WO2003067014A1 (en) * 2002-02-09 2003-08-14 Thomas Emde Window element

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3249804A (en) * 1959-08-17 1966-05-03 Kaiser Aerospace & Electronics System for effecting selective energization of a display device with coincident waves
US5221363A (en) * 1991-02-28 1993-06-22 Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. Solar cell window fitting
US5197242A (en) * 1992-07-17 1993-03-30 Allied-Signal Inc. Dual-pane thermal window with liquid crystal shade
EP0923754A1 (en) * 1996-08-20 1999-06-23 Donnelly Corporation Window assembly with controllable optical transmission

Patent Citations (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2259192A1 (en) * 1974-01-28 1975-08-22 Sommer Charles Prefabricated insulation, esp for wall-cladding - comprises three similar insulating tiles stuck together in overlapping arrangement
GB1582356A (en) * 1978-02-06 1981-01-07 Smith A W A Security systems for buildings
DE2848303A1 (en) * 1978-11-07 1980-05-14 Helmut Faessle Damp-proof prefabricated element of wall or floor tiles - has slabs with firmly secured tiles, having interlocking edge folds at one corner edge and counter folds at other corner edges
US4425601A (en) * 1981-08-31 1984-01-10 Robert Donahue Stairway lighting system
GB2215105A (en) * 1988-02-16 1989-09-13 Richard William Henry Ford Personnel evacuation system
US5357813A (en) * 1991-10-17 1994-10-25 The State Of Israel, Ministry Of Defence Pressure sensor
US5940150A (en) * 1991-11-27 1999-08-17 Reveo, Inc. Electro-optical glazing structures having total-reflection and transparent modes of operation for use in dynamical control of electromagnetic radiation
JPH08302945A (en) * 1995-03-07 1996-11-19 Santo Kagaku:Kk Non-slip for stair
WO1996032560A1 (en) * 1995-04-10 1996-10-17 Paolo Wolters Window assembly for screening and lighting inner rooms
DE19644126A1 (en) * 1996-10-23 1998-04-30 Wolfram Prof Dr Ing Klingsch Escape route signaling system
JPH11117485A (en) * 1997-10-16 1999-04-27 Hino Motors Ltd Handrail
JPH11175014A (en) * 1997-12-12 1999-07-02 Misawa Homes Co Ltd Solar cell tile
JPH11231818A (en) * 1998-02-13 1999-08-27 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Step difference lighting system
JPH11293879A (en) * 1998-04-10 1999-10-26 Bridgestone Corp Handrail device
JP2000034815A (en) * 1998-07-16 2000-02-02 Sekisui Chem Co Ltd Handrail with lighting apparatus
JP2000336881A (en) * 1999-06-01 2000-12-05 Hamaguchi Keiki Kogyo Kk Illuminating handrail capable of reflecting natural curly grain
WO2002008826A1 (en) * 2000-07-25 2002-01-31 Gentex Corporation Electrochromic windows and method of manufacturing the same
WO2002033207A1 (en) * 2000-10-18 2002-04-25 Saint-Gobain Glass France Laminated glazing and means for its peripheral sealing
JP2002205500A (en) * 2000-11-13 2002-07-23 Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd Light emitting decorating device
DE10064742A1 (en) * 2000-12-22 2002-06-27 Thomas Emde Double-glazed window element with internal illumination provided by light sources incorporated in frame construction
JP2002192643A (en) * 2000-12-25 2002-07-10 Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd Laminate, its production method, and method for producing laminated half-film used for laminate
EP1267029A1 (en) * 2001-05-21 2002-12-18 Schneider + Fichtel GmbH Insulative window with a spacer accomodating an electrical circuit
WO2002101188A1 (en) * 2001-06-12 2002-12-19 Vlyte Innovations Limited A window, a method for displaying a character on a window, and a visual display panel
WO2003067014A1 (en) * 2002-02-09 2003-08-14 Thomas Emde Window element

Non-Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1997, no. 03, 31 March 1997 (1997-03-31) -& JP 08 302945 A (SANTO KAGAKU:KK), 19 November 1996 (1996-11-19) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1999, no. 09, 30 July 1999 (1999-07-30) -& JP 11 117485 A (HINO MOTORS LTD), 27 April 1999 (1999-04-27) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1999, no. 12, 29 October 1999 (1999-10-29) -& JP 11 175014 A (MISAWA HOMES CO LTD), 2 July 1999 (1999-07-02) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1999, no. 13, 30 November 1999 (1999-11-30) -& JP 11 231818 A (SANYO ELECTRIC CO LTD; TOTTORI SANYO ELECTRIC CO LTD; SHIMANE SANYO KO), 27 August 1999 (1999-08-27) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2000, no. 01, 31 January 2000 (2000-01-31) -& JP 11 293879 A (BRIDGESTONE CORP), 26 October 1999 (1999-10-26) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2000, no. 05, 14 September 2000 (2000-09-14) -& JP 2000 034815 A (SEKISUI CHEM CO LTD), 2 February 2000 (2000-02-02) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2000, no. 15, 6 April 2001 (2001-04-06) -& JP 2000 336881 A (HAMAGUCHI KEIKI KOGYO KK), 5 December 2000 (2000-12-05) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2002, no. 11, 6 November 2002 (2002-11-06) -& JP 2002 192643 A (TOYODA GOSEI CO LTD), 10 July 2002 (2002-07-10) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2002, no. 11, 6 November 2002 (2002-11-06) -& JP 2002 205500 A (TOYODA GOSEI CO LTD), 23 July 2002 (2002-07-23) *

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1735156A4 (en) * 2004-04-13 2011-10-26 Research Frontiers Inc Methods for laminating films for spd light valves and spd light valves incorporating such laminated films
WO2005102688A2 (en) 2004-04-13 2005-11-03 Research Frontiers Incorporated Methods for laminating films for spd light valves and spd light valves incorporating such laminated films
EP1735156A2 (en) * 2004-04-13 2006-12-27 Research Frontiers Incorporated Methods for laminating films for spd light valves and spd light valves incorporating such laminated films
DE102004021683A1 (en) * 2004-04-30 2005-11-24 Karl Vogt Betonwerk Porta Westfalica Gmbh & Co. Kg Bearings, especially pedestals, and flooring with such bearings
JP2006132196A (en) * 2004-11-05 2006-05-25 Inax Corp Housing facility
FR2882423A1 (en) * 2005-02-22 2006-08-25 Saint Gobain Flat lighting structure for use as e.g. double glazing of vehicle, has switchable unit with reflecting surface arranged opposite to luminous zone arranged on sides of glass panes, and turning into transparent surface in area
EP1696406A1 (en) 2005-02-25 2006-08-30 Heinrich Neuhorst Paul Illuminating device
GB2435667A (en) * 2005-11-23 2007-09-05 Martin Anthony Mckenzie Barrier comprising transparent screen and LED lighting effects
DE102005057699A1 (en) * 2005-11-29 2007-05-31 Jan Hesse Self-luminescent device for displaying e.g. television frame, has liquid crystal layer that passes or blocks ambient light depending on applied voltage, where device is operated as foils that are embedded between carrier materials
DE102005057699B4 (en) * 2005-11-29 2012-08-16 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Self-luminous device
DE102006007284A1 (en) * 2006-02-16 2007-08-30 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Aircraft`s information e.g. flight data, system, has aircraft window with windowpane that is coated with translucent display that comprises multitude of organic light emitting diodes for presenting information
EP1906219B1 (en) * 2006-09-28 2014-02-19 DIN-Dietmar Nocker Facilitymanagement GmbH Device for evacuating persons
US8924076B2 (en) 2007-03-16 2014-12-30 Pilkington Group Limited Interactive vehicle glazing
DE102007015472A1 (en) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-02 Siemens Ag Active window for building technology has at least one solar cell and light emitting diode, whereby solar cell and light emitting diode are polymer electronic components and consist of organic layer systems
US9782949B2 (en) 2008-05-30 2017-10-10 Corning Incorporated Glass laminated articles and layered articles
EP2450621A1 (en) * 2009-06-30 2012-05-09 Panasonic Corporation Illuminating apparatus
EP2450621A4 (en) * 2009-06-30 2013-01-23 Panasonic Corp Illuminating apparatus
WO2012150330A3 (en) * 2011-05-04 2013-04-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh Optical component
CN105370161A (en) * 2015-11-10 2016-03-02 天津德易坤科技发展有限公司 Push-pull window with transparent display function
EP3685707A1 (en) * 2019-01-22 2020-07-29 Carrier Corporation Refrigerated sales cabinet
WO2020212094A1 (en) 2019-04-16 2020-10-22 Saint-Gobain Glass France Glazing unit and vehicle having same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20040185195A1 (en) 2004-09-23
WO2004016897A3 (en) 2004-08-26
CN100470003C (en) 2009-03-18
AU2003256893A1 (en) 2004-03-03
CN1675446A (en) 2005-09-28
EP1527249A2 (en) 2005-05-04
US20050233125A1 (en) 2005-10-20
JP2005534612A (en) 2005-11-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20050233125A1 (en) Laminated glass and structural glass with integrated lighting, sensors and electronics
US10267507B2 (en) Organic lighting device and lighting equipment
US20040166335A1 (en) Laminated polymer with integrated lighting, sensors and electronics
ES2537102T3 (en) Glazing comprising electronic components
US20200369007A1 (en) Laminated glazing with an electrically controllable device and manufacture
KR20100132001A (en) Radiation-emitting arrangement
CN102549332A (en) Light output sticker
US20130207094A1 (en) Method for providing electrical connection(s) in an encapsulated organic light-emitting diode device, and such an oled device
US20100244732A1 (en) Display device, in particular transparent multimedia facade
CN101489341A (en) Laminated glass and structural glass with integrated lighting, sensors and electronics
CN110970515A (en) Solar light-emitting component and packaging method thereof
KR20220005336A (en) Media building integrated photo voltaic module and image contents display system using the same
JP2005158638A (en) Glass panel with el sheet enclosed

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 10521505

Country of ref document: US

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2003788357

Country of ref document: EP

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 20038189844

Country of ref document: CN

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2004529281

Country of ref document: JP

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 2003788357

Country of ref document: EP