WO2004011968A1 - 回折光学素子、屈折光学素子、照明光学装置、露光装置および露光方法 - Google Patents
回折光学素子、屈折光学素子、照明光学装置、露光装置および露光方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004011968A1 WO2004011968A1 PCT/JP2003/009353 JP0309353W WO2004011968A1 WO 2004011968 A1 WO2004011968 A1 WO 2004011968A1 JP 0309353 W JP0309353 W JP 0309353W WO 2004011968 A1 WO2004011968 A1 WO 2004011968A1
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- optical element
- diffractive optical
- illumination
- basic
- pattern
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70058—Mask illumination systems
- G03F7/70091—Illumination settings, i.e. intensity distribution in the pupil plane or angular distribution in the field plane; On-axis or off-axis settings, e.g. annular, dipole or quadrupole settings; Partial coherence control, i.e. sigma or numerical aperture [NA]
- G03F7/70108—Off-axis setting using a light-guiding element, e.g. diffractive optical elements [DOEs] or light guides
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0927—Systems for changing the beam intensity distribution, e.g. Gaussian to top-hat
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
- G02B27/0944—Diffractive optical elements, e.g. gratings, holograms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
- G02B27/4233—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having a diffractive element [DOE] contributing to a non-imaging application
- G02B27/425—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having a diffractive element [DOE] contributing to a non-imaging application in illumination systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70058—Mask illumination systems
- G03F7/7015—Details of optical elements
- G03F7/70158—Diffractive optical elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a diffractive optical element, a refractive optical element, an illumination optical device, an exposure apparatus, and an exposure method, and more particularly to a method for manufacturing a microdevice such as a semiconductor device, an imaging device, a liquid crystal display device, and a thin-film magnetic head in one lithography process.
- the present invention relates to an illumination optical device suitable for an exposure device.
- a light beam emitted from a light source is incident on a fly-eye lens, and then forms a secondary light source composed of a number of light source images on a side focal plane.
- the luminous flux from the secondary light source is restricted via an aperture stop arranged near the rear focal plane of the fly-eye lens, and then enters the condenser lens.
- the aperture stop restricts the shape or size of the secondary light source to a desired shape or size according to a desired illumination condition (exposure condition).
- the light flux condensed by the condenser lens illuminates the mask on which the predetermined pattern is formed in a superimposed manner.
- Light transmitted through the mask pattern forms an image on the wafer via the projection optical system.
- the mask pattern is projected and exposed on the wafer.
- the shape of the secondary light source formed by the fly-eye lens is annular by setting the shape of the aperture of the aperture stop arranged on the exit side of the lens to a ring shape or a four-hole shape (that is, a quadrupole shape). Attention has been focused on technologies that limit the depth of focus and quadrupole to improve the depth of focus and resolution of projection optical systems.
- the secondary light source is limited to a ring shape or quadrupole shape to perform deformed illumination (zonal illumination or quadrupole illumination).
- the luminous flux from an extremely large secondary light source is restricted by an aperture stop having a ring-shaped or quadrupole-shaped aperture.
- an aperture stop having a ring-shaped or quadrupole-shaped aperture.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and can be used in, for example, an illumination optical device, and can form various uniform multiple-pole illuminance distributions on an illumination pupil plane.
- An object is to provide a diffractive optical element.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a refractive optical element that can be used in, for example, an illumination optical device and that can form various uniform multipolar illuminance distributions on an illumination pupil plane.
- the present invention uses a diffractive optical element or a refractive optical element that forms a substantially uniform multi-pole illuminance distribution on the illumination pupil plane to provide various types of good multi-pole illumination while suppressing light loss. It is an object of the present invention to provide an illumination optical device that can perform the operation. Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for performing various types of favorable multi-pole illumination while suppressing light quantity loss. It is an object of the present invention to provide an exposure apparatus and an exposure method capable of faithfully transferring a mask pattern onto a photosensitive substrate under illumination conditions optimal for a mask by using an illumination optical device that can be used. Disclosure of the invention
- a pattern extracted from a virtual ring-shaped diffractive optical element pattern corresponding to a predetermined azimuth angle range is arranged almost densely.
- a diffractive optical element comprising a basic diffractive optical element having a given pattern.
- a pattern obtained by substantially densely arranging patterns extracted corresponding to a predetermined azimuthal angle range from a virtual ring-shaped diffractive optical element pattern Provided is a diffractive optical element including a basic diffractive optical element having a simple transmission portion having no deflecting action.
- the center of the predetermined azimuth angle range coincides with the center of the virtual ring-shaped diffractive optical element pattern.
- the virtual ring-shaped diffractive optical element pattern has any one of a binary diffractive optical element pattern, a blazed diffractive optical element pattern, and a multi-valued diffractive optical element pattern. Is preferred. Further, it is preferable that the diffractive optical element includes a plurality of the basic diffractive optical elements.
- the diffractive optical element includes n types (n is an integer of 1 or more) of complementary diffractive optical elements, and an i-th complementary diffractive optical element.
- the diffractive optical element includes a plurality of complementary diffractive optical elements, and the i-th phase difference changes at substantially equal intervals.
- the i-th phase difference between the basic diffractive optical element and the i-th complementary diffractive optical element has a wavelength of approximately i Z (n + 1).
- the diffractive optical element Comprises a plurality of the basic diffractive optical elements and a plurality of the i-th complementary diffractive optical elements.
- the plurality of basic diffractive optical elements and the plurality of i-th complementary diffractive optical elements have substantially the same number for all i.
- the plurality of basic diffractive optical elements and the plurality of i-th complementary diffractive optical elements are randomly arranged throughout the diffractive optical element.
- the diffractive optical element includes a plurality of blocks, and the plurality of basic diffractive optical elements and the plurality of i-th complementary diffractive optical elements are randomly arranged in each block.
- the plurality of basic diffractive optical elements and the plurality of i-th complementary diffractive optical elements have substantially the same number for all i.
- the diffractive optical element includes a plurality of types of blocks, and the form of the random arrangement differs for each type of blocks.
- the basic diffractive optical element includes a pattern extracted from the virtual ring-shaped diffractive optical element pattern corresponding to a first azimuthal angle range.
- a first azimuth basic diffractive optical element having a pattern obtained by being arranged almost densely; and the virtual ring-shaped diffraction corresponding to a second azimuth angle range different from the first azimuth angle range.
- a second orientation basic diffractive optical element having a pattern obtained by arranging the patterns taken out of the optical element pattern almost densely.
- a first direction i-th complementary diffractive optical element having a pattern that generates a light amplitude having an i-th phase difference with respect to a light amplitude generated by the first direction basic diffractive optical element, and the second direction With respect to the light amplitude generated by the basic diffractive optical element :) having a second azimuth j-th complementary diffractive optical element having a pattern that generates a light amplitude having a 'th' (j l to m) phase difference Is preferred.
- the diffractive optical element and the complementary diffractive optical element have a rectangular outer shape.
- a basic refractive element having a refractive surface pattern obtained by arranging refractive surfaces taken out from a virtual rotationally symmetric refractive surface corresponding to a predetermined azimuth range in a substantially dense manner.
- the present invention provides a refractive optical element comprising: According to the fourth invention of the present invention, a predetermined azimuth angle range is supported from a virtual rotationally symmetric refraction surface. And a basic refraction element having a refraction surface pattern obtained by arranging the refraction surfaces extracted in a substantially dense manner, and a simple transmission portion having substantially no deflection effect. A refractive optical element.
- the center of the predetermined azimuth angle range coincides with the center of the virtual rotationally symmetric refraction surface.
- the refractive optical element includes a plurality of the basic refractive elements.
- the basic refraction element includes a refraction surface pattern obtained by arranging the refraction surfaces taken out from the virtual rotationally symmetric refraction surface corresponding to the first azimuth angle range almost densely.
- both of the basic refractive elements have a rectangular outer shape.
- the illumination optical device for illuminating a surface to be illuminated, in order to form a secondary light source having a plurality of polar light intensity distributions on an illumination pupil surface, the incident light beam is formed into a predetermined cross-sectional shape.
- an illumination optical device comprising the diffractive optical element of the first or second invention or the refractive optical element of the third or fourth invention for converting into a light beam.
- a light source unit for supplying a light beam, and a light beam from the light source unit are converted into light beams having various angle components with respect to an optical axis, and the first predetermined
- a plurality of polar illumination fields on a second predetermined surface based on the angle light beam forming means for entering the first predetermined surface and the light beams having the various angle components incident on the first predetermined surface.
- An illumination field forming means including the diffractive optical element or the refractive optical element, and a light beam from the multipolar illumination field formed on the second predetermined surface.
- a light guide optical system is provided for guiding a light beam from a multi-pole secondary light source having substantially the same light intensity distribution as the illumination field to the irradiated surface.
- the angle light beam forming means has an optical member composed of a plurality of optical elements, and the diffracted light
- the optical element or the refractive optical element is positioned such that a plurality of elementary diffractive optical elements, complementary diffractive optical elements, or elementary refractive elements are included in an element light beam corresponding to each optical element of the optical member. Is preferred.
- the diffractive optical element or the refractive optical element is a first diffractive optical element or a first refractive optical element for forming a first multipolar secondary light source.
- the multi-pole secondary light source is a dipole secondary light source, a quadrupole secondary light source, or an octupole secondary light source.
- the illumination optical device according to the fifth aspect, and a projection optical system for projecting and exposing a pattern of a mask disposed on the surface to be irradiated onto a photosensitive substrate.
- An exposure apparatus is provided.
- a seventh invention of the present invention is characterized in that a mask is illuminated via the illumination optical device of the fifth invention, and an image of a pattern formed on the illuminated mask is projected and exposed on a photosensitive substrate. An exposure method is provided.
- FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing a configuration of an exposure apparatus provided with an illumination optical device according to each embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a dipole-shaped illumination field formed on the entrance surface of the microlens array in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the principle of forming a dipole illumination field and a dipole secondary light source in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram showing a circular light beam formed on a pupil plane of the first variable power optical system by a diffractive optical element as a divergent light beam forming element.
- FIG. 4B is a diagram showing a regular hexagonal light beam formed on a pupil plane of the first variable power optical system by a microlens array as a divergent light beam forming element.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the overall configuration of a dipole optical element for dipole illumination in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of a basic diffraction optical element included in the dipole illumination diffraction optical element in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a view schematically showing a configuration of a complementary diffraction optical element included in the dipole illumination diffractive optical element in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a state where a predetermined azimuth angle range is extracted from a virtual ring-shaped diffractive optical element pattern in order to configure a basic diffractive optical element in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along line L1 in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a partial pattern extracted from the ring-shaped diffractive optical element pattern of FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing rules for forming a basic diffractive optical element by densely arranging the partial patterns of FIG.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a state where a predetermined azimuth range is extracted from a virtual ring-shaped diffractive optical element pattern in order to constitute a complementary diffractive optical element in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a sectional view taken along line L1 in FIG.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining a random arrangement of a basic diffractive optical element and a complementary diffractive optical element.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a dipole-shaped illumination field formed on the entrance surface of the microlens array in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a view for explaining the principle of forming a dipole illumination field and a dipole secondary light source along the X direction in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a view schematically showing an entire configuration of a dipole optical element for dipole illumination in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of a basic diffractive optical element included in the dipole optical diffractive optical element in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 19 shows the basic diffraction light obtained by arranging the partial patterns densely in the second embodiment. It is a figure showing a rule which constitutes a scientific element.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a quadrupole illumination field formed on the entrance surface of the microlens array in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating the principle of forming a cross-shaped quadrupole illumination field and quadrupole secondary light source in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram schematically showing an entire configuration of a diffractive optical element for quadrupole illumination in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of a basic diffractive optical element and a complementary diffractive optical element included in the quadrupole illumination diffractive optical element according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an X-shaped quadrupole illumination field formed on the entrance surface of the microlens array in the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 25 is a view for explaining the principle of forming an X-shaped quadrupole illumination field and quadrupole secondary light source in the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram schematically showing an overall configuration of a diffractive optical element for quadrupole illumination in the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of a basic diffractive optical element and a complementary diffractive optical element included in the quadrupole illumination diffractive optical element according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 28 is a view for explaining the configuration of two auxiliary elements that constitute the basic diffractive optical element of the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of a basic diffractive optical element included in a quadrupole illumination diffractive optical element according to a first modification of the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 30 is a diagram schematically showing an overall configuration of a quadrupole illumination diffractive optical element in a first modification of the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 31 is a view showing an octupole-shaped illumination field formed on the entrance surface of the microlens array in the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 32 is a diagram illustrating the principle of forming an octupole-shaped illumination field and an octupole-shaped secondary light source in the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram showing the overall configuration of a diffractive optical element for octopole illumination in the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 34 is a diagram showing rules for configuring a basic diffractive optical element by densely arranging partial patterns in the first modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 35 is a diagram schematically showing an overall configuration of a dipole illumination diffractive optical element according to a first modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 36 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a first complementary diffractive optical element included in a dipole illumination diffractive optical element according to a second modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 37 is a diagram showing a configuration of a third complementary diffractive optical element included in the dipole illumination diffractive optical element in the second modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 38 is a drawing schematically showing an overall configuration of a dipole illumination diffractive optical element in a second modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 39 is a view for explaining the random arrangement of each element in the second modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 40 is a drawing schematically showing an entire configuration of a diffractive optical element for quadrupole illumination in a first modified example of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 41 is a drawing schematically showing an overall configuration of a quadrupole illumination diffractive optical element in a second modification of the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 42 is a diagram showing an example of a pattern in which a phase change occurs between adjacent partial patterns in the basic diffractive optical element and the complementary diffractive optical element.
- FIG. 43 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of a mask used for manufacturing a diffractive optical element by lithography.
- FIG. 44 is a diagram showing a diffractive optical element generated on a glass substrate using the mask of FIG.
- FIG. 45 is a diagram schematically showing a main configuration when a rod integrator is used instead of the microlens array in the exposure apparatus of FIG.
- FIG. 46A is a cross-sectional view of a blazed diffractive optical element cut along a cross-section including the rotation center thereof.
- FIG. 46B is a cross-sectional view of a multilevel diffractive optical element cut along a section including the rotation center.
- FIG. 46C is a cross-sectional view of a binary diffractive optical element cut along a cross section including the rotation center thereof.
- FIG. 47 is a flowchart of a method for obtaining a semiconductor device as a micro device.
- FIG. 48 is a flowchart of a method for obtaining a liquid crystal display element as a micro device.
- FIG. 49 is a diagram showing a tripolar illumination field formed on the entrance surface of the microphone aperture lens array in the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 50 is a view for explaining the principle of forming a tripolar illumination field and a tripolar secondary light source along the Z direction in the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 51 is a diagram schematically showing an overall configuration of a diffractive optical element for tripolar illumination in a sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 52 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of a basic diffractive optical element and a complementary diffractive optical element included in the triode illumination diffractive optical element in the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 53 is a diagram schematically showing a modification of the basic diffractive optical element and the complementary diffractive optical element included in the triode illumination diffractive optical element in the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 54 is a diagram showing a pentapole illumination field formed on the entrance surface of the microlens array in the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 55 is a view for explaining the principle of forming a pentapole illumination field and a pentapole secondary light source in the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 56 is a diagram schematically showing an overall configuration of a diffractive optical element for quintuple illumination in the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 57 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of a basic diffractive optical element and a complementary diffractive optical element included in the pentapole illumination diffractive optical element in the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 58 is a diagram showing a pentapole illumination field formed on the entrance surface of the microlens array in the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 59 shows a pentapole illumination field and a pentapole secondary light source in the eighth embodiment. It is a figure explaining the principle formed.
- FIG. 60 is a drawing schematically showing an overall configuration of a diffractive optical element for quintuple illumination in the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 61 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of a basic diffractive optical element and a complementary diffractive optical element included in the pentapole illumination diffractive optical element in the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 62 is a diagram schematically showing a diffractive optical element pattern having power at irregular ring intervals as an example of a virtual ring-shaped diffractive optical element pattern usable in the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing a configuration of an exposure apparatus provided with an illumination optical device according to each embodiment of the present invention.
- the Z axis is along the normal direction of wafer 15 as a photosensitive substrate
- the Y axis is in the plane of wafer 15 in a direction parallel to the plane of FIG. 1
- the surface of wafer 15 is
- the X-axis is set in the direction perpendicular to the paper of Fig. 1.
- the exposure apparatus shown in Fig. 1 uses an ArF excimer laser light source (or 248 nm wavelength light source) that supplies 193 nm wavelength light as the light source 1 for supplying exposure light (illumination light).
- Light source KrF excimer laser
- a parallel light beam emitted from the light source 1 along the Z direction has a rectangular cross section elongated in the X direction and enters the shaping optical system 2.
- the shaping optical system 2 includes, for example, a lens having a negative refractive power and a lens having a positive refractive power in the plane of FIG. 1 (in the YZ plane).
- the parallel light beam shaped into a light beam having a predetermined rectangular cross section via the shaping optical system 2 is deflected in the Y direction by the bending mirror 3 and then enters the diffractive optical element 4.
- a diffractive optical element is formed by forming a step having a pitch of about the wavelength of exposure light (illumination light) on a glass substrate, and has an action of diffracting an incident beam to a desired angle.
- the diffractive optical element 4 circulates the incident rectangular parallel light beam. This is a divergent light beam forming element that has the function of folding to form a circular light beam in the far field.
- the light beam diffracted through the diffractive optical element 4 enters the first variable power optical system (a focal zoom lens: an imaging type zoom lens) 5, and forms a circular light beam on its pupil plane.
- the light from the circular light beam is emitted from the first variable power optical system 5 and enters the diffractive optical element 6 for multipole illumination.
- the first variable-magnification optical system 5 increases the magnification within a predetermined range while maintaining the diffractive optical element 4 as a divergent light beam forming element and the diffractive optical element 6 for multipole illumination in an optically almost conjugate relationship. It is configured so that it can be changed continuously. However, as shown in FIG.
- the diffractive optical element 6 is slightly displaced from the surface optically conjugate with the diffractive optical element 4 toward the light source.
- the light flux enters the diffractive optical element 6 from the oblique direction substantially symmetrically with respect to the optical axis AX. That is, the diffractive optical element 4 and the first variable power optical system 5 convert the light beam from the light source 1 into light beams having various angle components with respect to the optical axis AX, and enter the incident surface of the diffractive optical element 6 ( (A first predetermined surface).
- the diffractive optical element 6 has a function of diffracting a parallel light beam when entering the parallel light beam to form a partial arc-shaped light beam around the optical axis AX in the far field. The detailed configuration and operation of the diffractive optical element 6 will be described later.
- the light beam passing through the diffractive optical element 6 illuminates a micro lens array (or fly-eye lens) 8 as an optical integrator through a second variable power optical system (zoom lens) 7.
- the second variable power optical system 7 optically connects the diffractive optical element 6 and the rear focal plane of the micro lens array 8 almost optically conjugate. In other words, the second variable power optical system 7 effectively connects the diffractive optical element 6 and the incident surface of the microlens array 8 to a Fourier transform relationship.
- the light beam having passed through the diffractive optical element 6 is transferred to the rear focal plane of the second variable power optical system 7 (and, consequently, the incident surface of the microlens array 8) by the circular distribution of the diffractive optical element 4 and the diffractive optical element 6 itself. It forms a light intensity distribution based on the composition with the partial arc-shaped distribution by the above, that is, forms a multipolar illumination field centered on the optical axis AX.
- the diffractive optical element 6 and the second variable power optical system 7 are connected to the entrance surface of the diffractive optical element 6 (the Based on the light beams having various angular components incident on the first predetermined surface (1), a plurality of polar illumination fields centered on the optical axis AX are formed on the incident surface (second predetermined surface) of the microlens array 8. This constitutes an illuminated field forming means.
- the width of the multi-pole illumination field (1 Z 2, the difference between the outer diameter and the inner diameter) changes depending on the magnification of the first variable power optical system 5, and its overall size is changed to the second variable power. It changes depending on the focal length of the optical system 7.
- the microlens array 8 is an optical element composed of a large number of microlenses having a positive refractive power arranged vertically and horizontally and densely.
- Each of the microlenses constituting the microlens array 8 has a rectangular cross section similar to the shape of the illumination field to be formed on the mask 13 (and, consequently, the shape of the exposure area to be formed on the wafer 15).
- a microlens array is formed by, for example, performing etching on a parallel flat glass plate to form a microlens group.
- each micro lens constituting the micro lens array is smaller than each lens element constituting the fly-eye lens.
- a microlens array is formed by integrating a large number of microlenses without being isolated from each other.
- a microlens array is the same as a fly-eye lens in that lens elements having positive refractive power are arranged vertically and horizontally. In FIG. 1, the number of microlenses constituting the microlens array 8 is much smaller than the actual number for clarity.
- the light beam incident on the microlens array 8 is two-dimensionally divided by a large number of microlenses, and the rear focal plane of the microlens array 8 is illuminated by the light beam incident on the microlens array 8.
- a secondary light source having substantially the same light intensity distribution as the field that is, a multipolar secondary light source composed of a plurality of substantially planar light sources centered on the optical axis AX is formed.
- the microlens array 8 has the same light intensity distribution as the multi-pole illumination field based on the light flux from the multi-pole illumination field formed on the incident surface (second predetermined surface). It constitutes an optical integrator for forming a multipolar secondary light source having
- the microlens array 8 has a multi-polar secondary light source formed on the rear focal plane.
- the luminous flux is restricted through an aperture stop having a plurality of polar light-transmitting portions as necessary, and after being condensed by the condenser-one optical system 9, a mask blind 10 as an illumination field stop is superimposed.
- the light beam passing through the rectangular opening (light transmitting portion) of the mask blind 10 is subjected to the condensing action of the imaging optical system (11a, lib), and then illuminates the mask 13 in a superimposed manner.
- the imaging optical system (lla, lib) optically connects the mask blind 10 and the mask 13 almost conjugately, and the imaging optical system (lla, lib) is placed on the mask 13. Through this, an image of the rectangular opening of the mask blind 10 is formed.
- the mask 13 is supported on a two-dimensionally movable mask stage (not shown).
- the light flux transmitted through the pattern of the mask 13 forms an image of the mask pattern on the wafer 15 which is a photosensitive substrate via the projection optical system 14.
- the wafer 15 is supported on a two-dimensionally movable wafer stage (not shown). In this way, by performing batch exposure or scan exposure while driving and controlling the wafer 15 two-dimensionally in a plane (XY plane) perpendicular to the optical axis AX of the projection optical system 14, each wafer 15 The pattern of the mask 13 is sequentially exposed on the exposure area.
- a mask pattern is collectively exposed to each exposure region of a wafer according to a so-called step-and-repeat method.
- the shape of the illumination area on the mask 13 is a rectangular shape close to a square
- the cross-sectional shape of each microlens of the microlens array 8 is also a rectangular shape close to a square.
- scan exposure according to a so-called step-and-scan method, a mask pattern is scanned and exposed on each exposure region of a wafer while moving the mask and the wafer relative to a projection optical system.
- the shape of the illumination area on the mask 13 is a rectangular shape with a ratio of the short side to the long side of, for example, 1: 3, and the cross-sectional shape of each microlens of the microlens array 8 is similar to this. It has a rectangular shape.
- the diffractive optical element 6 includes various types of diffractive optical elements 61 to 69 for multipole illumination that are configured to be exchangeable with respect to the illumination optical path.
- the diffractive optical element 4 instead of the diffractive optical element 4 as the divergent light beam forming element, for example, it is composed of a large number of regular hexagonal minute lenses (or lens elements) arranged vertically and horizontally and densely. A microlens array (or fly-eye lens) can also be used.
- a light intensity distribution based on a compilation of a regular hexagon and a ring, that is, a multipolar illumination field centered on the optical axis AX is formed on the incident surface of the microlens array 8, and the microlens array 8
- a multipolar secondary light source composed of a plurality of substantially planar light sources centered on the optical axis AX is formed.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a dipole-shaped illumination field formed on the entrance surface of the microlens array in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the principle of forming a dipole-shaped illumination field and a dipole-shaped secondary light source in the first embodiment.
- 4A shows a circular light beam formed on the pupil plane of the first variable power optical system by a diffractive optical element as a divergent light beam forming element
- FIG. 4B shows a micro lens array as a divergent light beam forming element.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a regular hexagonal light beam formed on the pupil plane of the first variable power optical system.
- FIG. 5 is a view schematically showing an entire configuration of a dipole optical element for dipole illumination in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of a basic diffractive optical element included in the dipole optical element for dipole illumination in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of a complementary diffractive optical element included in the dipole optical element for dipole illumination in the first embodiment.
- the diffractive optical element 61 for dipole illumination in the first embodiment is composed of a number of basic diffractive optical elements A90 and complementary diffractive optical elements A90 arranged vertically and horizontally and densely. d.
- the basic diffractive optical element A90 and the complementary diffractive optical element A90d both have a square outer shape (boundary) and have substantially the same size. Further, the number of the basic diffractive optical element A90 and the number of the complementary diffractive optical element A90d are the same, and the random effective area (effective diameter) 61a of the diffractive optical element 61 is random. Are located.
- the basic diffractive optical element A90 and the complementary diffractive optical element A90d have a binary diffractive optical element pattern as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.
- the binary type diffractive optical element pattern is, for example, a transparent substrate made of synthetic quartz or the like.
- Phase-type diffractive optical element pattern, etc. formed by repeatedly patterning a convex surface and a concave surface by the processing technology described in FIG. 1.
- a hatched portion indicates a convex surface
- a non-hatched portion (blank portion) indicates a concave surface.
- the notation in which the hatched portion indicates a flat surface and the non-hatched portion (blank portion) indicates a concave surface is the same in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a state where a predetermined azimuth angle range is extracted from a virtual ring-shaped diffractive optical element pattern in order to configure a basic diffractive optical element in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along line L1 in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a partial pattern extracted from the ring-shaped diffractive optical element pattern of FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing rules for forming the basic diffractive optical element by densely arranging the partial patterns of FIG.
- ⁇ is the wavelength of the illumination light (exposure light), that is, the used wavelength
- nl is the refractive index at the used wavelength of the glass substrate of the diffractive optical element 6 (61 to 69)
- n 2 is the atmosphere of the illumination light path. Is the refractive index at the used wavelength of the medium that forms. Specifically, assuming that the wavelength ⁇ used is 193 nm, the refractive index of the glass substrate is 1.5, and the refractive index of air or inert gas as the medium is 1.0, the step d is set to about 193 nm. Will be done.
- a binary ring-shaped diffractive optical element A is installed at the position of the diffractive optical element 6 for multipole illumination, and a parallel light beam is incident on the ring-shaped diffractive optical element A.
- a circumferential light intensity distribution as shown by a broken line c in FIG. 3 is obtained on the incident surface of the lens array 8.
- the distance rc of the circumferential light intensity distribution c from the optical axis O (the optical axis AX coincides with the center of the ring-shaped diffractive optical element A) is determined in the radial direction of the ring-shaped diffractive optical element A.
- the diffraction angle is 0 and the focal length of the second variable power optical system 7 is f L
- the following expression (2) is obtained. From the theory of diffraction, sin0 in equation (2) is expressed by the following equation (3).
- the incident surface of the microlens array 8 has a circumferential surface.
- An illumination distribution of a shape is formed.
- a third azimuth component obtained by extracting only the predetermined azimuth component from the circumferential illumination distribution is obtained.
- a diffractive optical element 61 for forming a two-arc illumination distribution IL 1-90 as shown in the figure is realized.
- the illumination distribution IL 1_90 is composed of a circular arc clc 2 and a circular arc c 3 c 4, and this pair of circular arcs is an azimuth range ⁇ surrounded by straight lines L 1 and 2 passing through the optical axis ⁇ .
- the straight line L2 has a rotation angle ⁇ with respect to the X axis, that is, an azimuth angle ⁇
- the straight line L1 has a rotation angle ( ⁇ + ⁇ ) with respect to the X axis. It has an angle ( ⁇ + ⁇ ).
- ⁇ + ⁇ 2 90 degrees.
- the straight lines LI, L2, the azimuth range ⁇ and the azimuth angle ⁇ in FIG. 3 correspond to the straight lines L1, L2, the azimuth range ⁇ and the azimuth angle ⁇ in FIGS. I have.
- the illumination distribution IL 1-90 in FIG. 3 is surrounded by straight lines L 1 and L 2 in the ring-shaped diffractive optical element ⁇ in FIG. It is understood that the azimuth angle range is formed by the portion of ⁇ . Therefore, by extracting only a necessary portion of the azimuthal angle range ⁇ from the ring-shaped diffractive optical element A and re-arranging it densely, a predetermined illumination distribution IL 1-90 can be obtained while suppressing the loss of light energy. be able to.
- horizontal straight lines L3 and L4 are set in addition to the straight lines L1 and L2. Then, as understood with reference to FIGS. 8 and 10, the intersections P 1 and P 2 of the straight lines L 1 and L 2 and the straight line L 3, the straight lines 1 and L 2 and the straight line L 4 A partial pattern F1 corresponding to the range surrounded by the intersections P3 and P4 with is obtained. Also, as shown in FIG. 10, a pattern F2 is obtained by inverting the pattern F1 in the Z direction with respect to the optical axis O. Further, a pattern F 1 and a pattern F 1 2 obtained by bisecting the pattern F 1 by a straight line M 1 M2 are obtained.
- the basic diffractive optical element A 90 shown in FIG. 6 combines the four patterns F1, F2, F11 and F12 shown in FIG. 10 according to the arrangement rule shown in FIG. Obtained in a dense array. Then, as described above, when the basic diffractive optical element A 90 is installed at the position of the diffractive optical element 6 and a parallel light beam is made incident, the two arc-shaped illumination distribution IL 1 —90 is formed.
- the point P2 which is the intersection of the straight lines L3 and L2, is set at the position where the convex surface ends in the ring-shaped diffractive optical element pattern. Due to the symmetry, the intersection P1 of the straight line 1 and L3 is the same as the setting of the point P2, and the intersection P4 of the straight line L1 and L4 is the same as the setting of the point P3.
- the method of joining the partial patterns described above is an example, and the points P3 and P4 are not necessarily the start positions of the convex surface, and the points P1 and P2 are not necessarily the end positions of the convex surface. It is not necessary. Further, other methods of setting the points P1 to P4 so as to obtain the final basic diffractive optical element A90 by smoothly joining the partial patterns Fl, F2 and the like are possible. Furthermore, one partial pattern F 1,? Although an example in which the basic diffractive optical element A 90 is configured using 11 1 and 12 and two partial patterns F 2 has been described, a larger number of partial patterns F 1, F 2, F It is also possible to configure the basic diffractive optical element A90 by a dense arrangement using II and F12.
- the method of extracting the partial pattern is not limited to the partial patterns Fl, F2, Fll, and F12 described above, but may include a predetermined azimuth component.
- a more compact basic diffractive optical element A90 can be formed according to another cutting method.
- the binary ring-shaped diffractive optical element A has a characteristic that diffracted light is generated symmetrically with respect to the origin O, when extracting a partial pattern of a predetermined azimuth angle component, a pair of optical axis symmetric It is possible to reduce the size by using only one of the elements (F1, F2) (for example, F1).
- FIG. 12 shows how a predetermined azimuth angle range is extracted from a virtual ring-shaped diffractive optical element pattern in order to constitute a complementary diffractive optical element in the first embodiment.
- FIG. FIG. 13 is a sectional view taken along line L1 in FIG.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a random arrangement of the basic diffractive optical element and the complementary diffractive optical element.
- the complementary diffractive optical element A90d shown in FIG. 7 can be configured by inverting the convex surface and the concave surface of the basic diffractive optical element A90 shown in FIG. This patterning is made possible by using a binary ring-shaped diffractive optical element Ad shown in FIG. 12 instead of the binary ring-shaped diffractive optical element A shown in FIG. Referring to FIGS. 9 and 13, the binary ring diffractive optical element Ad shown in FIG. 12 reverses the phase of the binary ring diffractive optical element A shown in FIG. It is understood that it can be obtained.
- the basic diffractive optical element A90 and the complementary diffractive optical element A900d can be manufactured by exposing a glass substrate coated with a resist using a pre-patterned reticle master and performing glass etching. is there. At this time, as the reticle, a light and dark reticle having a binary phase convex surface as a light shielding portion and a concave surface as a transmitting portion can be used. Further, depending on the exposure process, a light and dark reticle having a binary phase convex surface as a transmitting portion and a concave surface as a light shielding portion may be used.
- a reticle patterning CAD system When patterning a reticle master, it is desirable to use a reticle patterning CAD system for the intended use. At this time, if the CAD system has a function of inverting the light shielding portion and the transmitting portion of the pattern, it is not necessary to virtually set the binary ring-shaped diffractive optical element Ad shown in FIG. By inverting the light-shielding portion and the transmitting portion of the reticle pattern corresponding to the pattern of the basic diffractive optical element A90 in FIG. 6, a reticle pattern of the complementary diffractive optical element A90d can be obtained. . As described above, the diffractive optical element 61 for dipole illumination as shown in FIG.
- a random number table is created by associating 0 of the random number sequence of (1, 0) with the basic diffractive optical element A 90 and associating 1 with the complementary diffractive optical element A90 d.
- the random number sequence a sequence containing substantially the same number of numbers 0 and 1 is selected and used.
- a reticle in which the pattern of the basic diffractive optical element A 90 and the pattern of the complementary diffractive optical element A 90 d are arranged according to the created random number table is manufactured, and the element pattern is printed on a glass substrate using the reticle.
- the diffractive optical element 61 can be manufactured. It is desirable that both surfaces of the diffractive optical element 61 are provided with an AR coat (anti-reflection coat).
- the width W l.5 m
- the pitch P 3 m
- the azimuth angle ⁇ 80 degrees
- the points PI, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, and ⁇ 4 are set so that the basic diffractive optical element A 90 and the complementary diffractive optical element A 90 d have a square outer shape. Can be performed.
- the incident light on the entrance surface of the microphone aperture lens array 8 Creates a two-arc illumination distribution (c 1 c 2, c 3, c 4) as shown in Fig. 3.
- a circular light beam IL0 as shown in FIG. 4A is formed on the pupil plane of the first variable power optical system 5.
- a light beam having an angle component, not a parallel light beam, is incident on the diffractive optical element 61, so that the incident surface of the microlens array 8 has a two-arc illumination as shown in FIG.
- a dipole-shaped illumination distribution IL 2 ⁇ 90 composed of a composition of the distribution (c 1 c 2, c 3, c 4) and the circular light flux IL 0 is formed.
- the rear focal plane (illumination pupil plane) of the microlens array 8 has a dipole illumination.
- a dipole secondary light source having a light intensity distribution substantially the same as the distribution IL 2-90 is formed.
- a substantially uniform dipole illuminance distribution can be formed on the illumination pupil plane by the action of the diffractive optical element 61.
- the distance rc of the dipole illumination distribution IL 2 _90 from the optical axis ⁇ does not change, and the dipole illumination distribution IL 2 — 90 width (Dipole illumination distribution IL 2 — Radius of circle circumscribing 90 — Dipole illumination distribution IL 2 Radius of circle inscribed at 90) Only W can be changed .
- the focal length of the second variable power optical system 7 both the distance rc and the width W are changed, and the dipole-like illumination distribution IL2-90 is enlarged or reduced similarly. be able to.
- the first variable power is used.
- a regular hexagonal light beam IL 0d is formed as shown in FIG. 4B.
- the incident surface of the microlens array 8 has a dipole-like shape composed of a compilation of a two-arc-shaped illumination distribution (c1c2, c3c4) and a regular hexagonal light beam IL0d. An illumination distribution is formed.
- the diffractive optical element 61 is configured by randomly arranging the basic diffractive optical element A90 and the complementary diffractive optical element A90d by the same number.
- the diffractive optical element 61 is constituted by one or a plurality of basic diffractive optical elements A 90, a substantially uniform dipole illuminance distribution in the illumination pupil plane is obtained. Can be formed.
- the number of the basic diffractive optical element A 90 and the complementary diffractive optical element A 90 d is not the same, or the basic diffractive optical element A 90 and the complementary diffractive optical element A 90 d are not randomly arranged. Even so, a substantially uniform dipole-like illuminance distribution can be formed on the illumination pupil plane.
- the diffractive optical element 61 in order to make the illuminance distribution uniform on the illumination pupil plane, it is desirable to configure the diffractive optical element 61 using a plurality of optical elements. To reduce the effect of interference noise on the wafer conjugate plane, the basic diffractive optical element A90 and the complementary diffractive optical element It is desirable to form the diffractive optical element 61 using A90d, and it is even more desirable to arrange the basic diffractive optical element A90 and the complementary diffractive optical element A90d in the same number at random.
- a dipole-shaped illumination distribution IL2_90 having two illumination distributions along the Z direction is formed by the action of the diffractive optical element 61.
- a dipole-shaped illumination distribution IL-2-0 having two illumination distributions along the X direction is formed by the action of the diffractive optical element 62.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a dipole-shaped illumination field formed on the entrance surface of the microlens array in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating the principle of forming a dipole illumination field and a dipole secondary light source along the X direction in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a view schematically showing the entire configuration of a dipole optical element for dipole illumination in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of a basic diffractive optical element included in the dipole optical element for dipole illumination in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing rules for forming a basic diffractive optical element by densely arranging partial patterns in the second embodiment.
- the diffractive optical element 62 for dipole illumination in the second embodiment is composed of a number of basic diffractive optical elements AO and complementary diffractive optical elements AO d arranged vertically and horizontally and densely. It is composed of The basic diffractive optical element A O and the complementary diffractive optical element A O d both have a square outer shape (boundary) and have substantially the same size. The basic diffractive optical element AO and the complementary diffractive optical element AO d have the same number, and are randomly arranged over the entire rectangular effective area (effective diameter) 62 a of the diffractive optical element 62. .
- the illumination distribution IL 1-10 is composed of an arc c 1 dc 2 d and an arc c 3 dc 4 d, and this pair of arcs is a straight line L 1 d passing through the optical axis O.
- L 2 d are defined by an azimuth range ⁇ .
- the straight line Lid has a rotation angle ⁇ , that is, an azimuth angle ⁇ with respect to the X axis
- the straight line 2 d has a rotation angle ( ⁇ — ⁇ ), that is, an azimuth angle ( ⁇ — ⁇ ) with respect to the X axis.
- 10 2 0 degrees is set.
- the straight lines L 1 d and L 2 d, the azimuth range ⁇ and the azimuth angle ⁇ in FIG. 16 correspond to the straight lines L 1 d and L2 d, the azimuth range ⁇ ⁇ and the azimuth angle ⁇ in FIG. ing.
- the two arc-shaped illumination distributions (c 1 dc 2 d, c 3 dc 4 d) and the circular light flux IL 0 are formed on the entrance surface of the microlens array 8. (Or a regular hexagonal light flux IL 0 d) to form a dipole illumination distribution IL 2-0.
- the rear focal plane (illumination pupil plane) of the microlens array 8 has a dipole secondary light source along the X direction having the same light intensity distribution as the dipole illumination distribution IL 2-0. Is formed.
- the dipole illumination distribution IL is changed by changing the magnification of the first variable power optical system 5 and the focal length of the second variable power optical system 7.
- Optimal illumination conditions for exposing a desired pattern are realized by appropriately changing the distance rc from the optical axis ⁇ of 2-0 and the width W of the dipole-shaped illumination IL 2-0, respectively. It is possible.
- the basic diffractive optical element AO has a binary diffractive optical element pattern as shown in FIG.
- the basic diffractive optical element AO rotates the basic diffractive optical element A 90 shown in FIG. 6 by 90 degrees in the XZ plane.
- the complementary diffractive optical element A 0 d is obtained by rotating the complementary diffractive optical element A 90 d shown in FIG. 7 by 90 degrees in the XZ plane.
- a basic diffractive optical element A 90 and a complementary diffractive optical element A 90 d are formed for the corresponding azimuth angle range ⁇ , and these are XZ
- the basic diffractive optical element A0 and the complementary diffractive optical element A0d can be formed by rotating each 90 degrees in the plane.
- the basic diffractive optical element AO or Also, a complementary diffractive optical element AO d can be formed. That is, the straight lines L 1 d and L 2 d in FIG. 16 are set in place of the straight lines L 1 and L 2 in FIG. 8, and the straight lines L 1 and L 2 in FIG. The straight lines L 1 d and L 2 d are set, and the partial pattern corresponding to the required azimuth angle component is limited and extracted. Then, the extracted partial patterns F 1, F 2, F ll, and F 12 are densely arranged, for example, according to the arrangement rule shown in FIG. 19, so that the basic diffractive optical element A 0 and the complementary diffractive optical The pattern of element AO d can be determined.
- the dioptric illumination distribution IL 2 90 and the X-dipole illumination distribution IL 2 _ 0 are produced by the action of the diffractive optical elements 61 and 62. Are formed respectively.
- a cross-shaped quadrupole illumination distribution (IL2-90, IL2_0) is formed by the action of the diffractive optical element 63.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a quadrupole illumination field formed on the entrance surface of the microlens array in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating the principle of forming a cross-shaped quadrupole illumination field and quadrupole secondary light source in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram schematically showing an entire configuration of a diffractive optical element for quadrupole illumination in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of a basic diffractive optical element and a complementary diffractive optical element included in the quadrupole illumination diffractive optical element according to the third embodiment.
- the diffractive optical element 63 for quadrupole illumination in the third embodiment is composed of a number of basic diffractive optical elements A 0 _ 90 and complementary diffractive optical elements which are arranged vertically and horizontally and densely. A 0—90 d.
- the basic diffractive optical element A0-90 and the complementary diffractive optical element A0-90d both have a rectangular outer shape (boundary) and have substantially the same size.
- the number of the basic diffractive optical element A0-90 and the number of the complementary diffractive optical element AO-90d are the same, and the whole of the rectangular effective area (effective diameter) 63 of the diffractive optical element 63 is large. Are randomly arranged.
- the incident surface of the microlens array 8 has a plane along the Z direction as shown in FIG.
- An arc-shaped illumination distribution IL1 190 and a two-arc illumination distribution IL1-0 along the X direction are formed.
- the illumination distribution IL 1-90 includes an arc c 1 c 2 and an arc c 3 c 4. This pair of arcs is surrounded by straight lines L 1 and L 2 passing through the optical axis O.
- the illumination distribution IL 1-0 is composed of an arc c 1 dc 2 d and an arc c 3 dc 4 d, and this pair of arcs is surrounded by straight lines L 1 d and L 2 d passing through the optical axis O.
- the azimuth angle range is defined by ⁇ .
- the straight line L2 has a rotation angle ⁇ 1 with respect to the X axis, that is, an azimuth angle ⁇ 1
- the straight line L1 has a rotation angle ( ⁇ 1 + ⁇ ), that is, an azimuth angle ( ⁇ l + ⁇ ).
- ⁇ 1 + ⁇ 2 90 degrees
- the straight line L 1 d has a rotation angle ⁇ 2 with respect to the X axis, that is, an azimuth angle ⁇ 2
- the straight line 1 d has a rotation angle ( ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ ), that is, an azimuth angle ( ⁇ 2 — ⁇ ).
- ⁇ 2- ⁇ ⁇ / 2 0 degrees.
- a two-arc illumination distribution (c1c2, c3c4) and a circular light flux IL0 (Or a regular hexagonal light flux IL 0 d) based on a dipole illumination distribution IL 2—90 and a two-arc illumination distribution (c 1 dc 2 d, c 3 dc 4 d) and a circular luminous flux IL 0 (or a regular hexagonal luminous flux IL 0 d) based on a dipole illumination distribution IL 2—0 comprising a cross-shaped quadrupole illumination distribution (IL 2 — 90, IL 2_0) is formed.
- a two-arc illumination distribution (c1c2, c3c4) and a circular light flux IL0 (Or a regular hexagonal light flux IL 0 d) based on a dipole illumination distribution IL 2—90 and a two-arc illumination distribution (c 1 dc 2 d, c 3 dc 4 d) and a circular luminous flux IL 0 (or
- the first modification is performed.
- the distance rc and the width W of each illumination distribution from the optical axis O are appropriately changed, and a desired pattern is exposed. It is possible to realize the optimal lighting conditions for the purpose.
- the basic diffractive optical element A 90 of the third embodiment is different from the basic diffractive optical element A 0 of the first embodiment. 0 and are arranged adjacently along the X direction.
- the portion of the basic diffraction optical element A 90 forms a dipole illumination distribution IL 2—90 in the Z direction
- the portion of the basic diffraction optical element AO forms a dipole illumination distribution IL 2 ⁇ 90 in the X direction.
- the dipole-shaped illumination distributions IL 2-90 and IL 2--0 are synthesized by the basic diffractive optical elements A 0-90, and a desired cross-shaped quadrupole illumination can be performed.
- the basic diffractive optical element A90 and the basic diffractive optical element AO be set in a square shape having the same size as each other.
- uniformity of light intensity can be ensured in the X and Z directions.
- the basic diffractive optical element A 90 can be obtained by rotating the basic diffractive optical element A 90 by 90 degrees in the XZ plane by setting it to a square shape. Setting the basic diffractive optical element A90 and the basic diffractive optical element AO in a square shape having the same size as each other is necessary when extracting a predetermined azimuth angle component from the binary ring-shaped diffractive optical element A.
- the complementary diffractive optical element A 90 d of the third embodiment is the same as the complementary diffractive optical element A 90 d of the first embodiment.
- the optical element A 0 d is arranged adjacent to the optical element A 0 d along the X direction.
- the portion of the complementary diffractive optical element A 90 d forms a dipole illumination distribution IL 90 in the Z direction
- the portion of the complementary diffractive optical element AO d forms a dipole illumination distribution IL 2 in the X direction.
- _ 0 is formed.
- the dipole illumination distribution IL 2 ⁇ 90 and IL 2 ⁇ 0 are synthesized, and the desired cross-shaped quadrupole illumination can be performed.
- the complementary diffractive optical element A 90 d and the complementary diffractive optical element AO d have the same size. Is desirably set in a square shape having the same as in the case of the basic diffractive optical element.
- the basic diffractive optical element AO-90 is formed by arranging the basic diffractive optical element A 90 and AO adjacent to each other along the X direction, and the complementary diffractive optical element A 90 d And AO d are arranged adjacent to each other along the X direction to constitute a complementary diffractive optical element A 0-90 d.
- the basic diffractive optical element AO-190 and the complementary diffraction optical element AO-90d can be configured by being arranged adjacently in the Z direction.
- a cross-shaped quadrupole-shaped quadrupole illumination distribution IL2 ⁇ 90 and an X-direction dipole illumination distribution IL2 ⁇ 90 are formed.
- An illumination distribution (IL 2 ⁇ 90, IL 2 ⁇ 0) is formed.
- an X-type quadrupole illumination composed of four illumination distributions located at, for example, 45 degrees with respect to the X axis and the Z axis. Forming a distribution.
- the fourth embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the third embodiment.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an X-shaped quadrupole illumination field formed on the entrance surface of the microlens array in the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 25 is a view for explaining the principle of forming an X-shaped quadrupole illumination field and quadrupole secondary light source in the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram schematically showing an overall configuration of a diffractive optical element for quadrupole illumination in the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 27 is a view for explaining the configuration of a basic diffractive optical element and a complementary diffractive optical element included in the quadrupole illumination diffractive optical element according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 28 is a view for explaining the configuration of two auxiliary elements constituting the basic diffractive optical element of the fourth embodiment.
- the diffractive optical element 64 4 for quadrupole illumination in the fourth embodiment Is composed of a number of basic diffractive optical elements AX and complementary diffractive optical elements AXd which are two-dimensionally densely arranged.
- Each of the basic diffractive optical element AX and the complementary diffractive optical element AX d has an outer shape (boundary) in which two diamonds are arranged side by side, and have substantially the same size as each other.
- the number of the basic diffractive optical element AX and the number of the complementary diffractive optical element AX d are the same, and they are arranged randomly over the entire rectangular effective area (effective diameter) 64 a of the diffractive optical element 64.
- the basic diffractive optical element AX and the complementary diffractive optical element AXd are arranged with a predetermined margin so that no gap is generated in the effective area 64a.
- the diffractive optical element 64 of the fourth embodiment When the diffractive optical element 64 of the fourth embodiment is positioned in the illumination light path and a parallel light beam is incident, the X-axis and the Z-axis are incident on the incident surface of the microlens array 8 as shown in FIG.
- four arc-shaped illumination distributions IL 1 -X located in the direction of 45 degrees are formed.
- each illumination is changed by changing the magnification of the first variable power optical system 5 and the focal length of the second variable power optical system 7.
- the distance rc and the width W from the optical axis O of the bright distribution it is possible to realize the optimal illumination conditions for exposing a desired pattern.
- the basic diffractive optical element AX of the fourth embodiment is composed of auxiliary elements A + 45 and A-45.
- the complementary diffractive optical element AX d is composed of auxiliary elements A + 45d and A ⁇ 45d.
- the auxiliary element A + 45 is the same as the basic diffractive optical element A 90 of the first embodiment in the XZ plane. Is an element obtained by rotating it by 45 degrees in the ⁇ direction.
- the auxiliary element ⁇ -45 is an element obtained by rotating the basic diffractive optical element A 90 by +45 degrees in the ⁇ direction in the XZ plane.
- auxiliary elements A + 45 and A-45 By arranging such auxiliary elements A + 45 and A-45 adjacent to each other along the X direction as shown in FIG. 27, a basic diffractive optical element AX is constituted.
- a dipole illumination distribution I LX corresponding to 5 degrees and 3 15 degrees.
- two dipole illumination distributions ILX are synthesized by the basic diffraction optical element ⁇ , and desired X-type quadrupole illumination can be performed.
- the basic diffractive optical element A90 which is the base of the auxiliary elements A + 45 and A-45, in a substantially square shape. This is because the positions of the cutting lines L3 and L4 when extracting a predetermined azimuth angle component from the binary ring-shaped diffractive optical element A, and the partial patterns F1 and F included in the basic diffractive optical element A90. It is possible by setting the number of 2 appropriately. Normally, it is possible to set the basic diffractive optical element A90 to a perfect square shape, but for simplicity of design, it is also possible to design the shape to be somewhat rectangular as long as illumination unevenness is allowed. it can.
- the auxiliary element A + 45d is an element obtained by rotating the complementary diffractive optical element A 90d of the first embodiment by 145 degrees in the ⁇ direction in the XZ plane.
- the auxiliary element A-45d is an element obtained by rotating the complementary diffractive optical element A 90d by +45 degrees in the ⁇ direction in the XZ plane.
- the complementary diffractive optical element AXd which is the source of the auxiliary elements A + 45d and A-45d, to be substantially square, as in the case of the basic diffractive optical element AX.
- the basic diffractive optical element AX is configured by arranging the auxiliary elements A + 45 and A ⁇ 45 adjacent to each other along the X direction, and the auxiliary elements A + 45 d and A ⁇ 45 d are formed.
- the complementary diffractive optical element AX d is configured by being adjacently arranged along the X direction.
- the basic diffractive optical element AX and the complementary diffractive optical element AXd can be configured by being arranged adjacently in the Z direction. Further, it is not necessary to limit the arrangement method to the above-mentioned arrangement method, and it is possible to constitute a modification of the quadrupole illumination by another arrangement method as long as it has a predetermined azimuth component.
- the basic diffractive optical element AX and the complementary diffractive optical element AXd are configured by simply arranging two auxiliary elements adjacent to each other.
- the same two auxiliary elements are arranged according to another arrangement method, so that they are optically equivalent to the basic diffractive optical element AX and the complementary diffractive optical element AXd.
- the basic diffractive optical element AAX and the complementary diffractive optical element AAXd are optically equivalent to the basic diffractive optical element AX and the complementary diffractive optical element AXd.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a basic diffractive optical element included in a quadrupole illumination diffractive optical element according to a first modification of the fourth embodiment.
- the diffractive optical element 65 for quadrupole illumination in the first modified example of the fourth embodiment is composed of a number of basic diffractive optical elements A AX and complementary diffractive optical elements arranged vertically and horizontally and densely. It consists of AAXd.
- the basic diffractive optical element A AX and the complementary diffractive optical element A AXd both have a substantially square outer shape (boundary), and have substantially the same size.
- the number of the basic diffractive optical element A AX and the number of the complementary diffractive optical element A AXd are the same, and are randomly arranged over the entire rectangular effective area (effective diameter) 65 a of the diffractive optical element 65.
- the auxiliary element A + 45 is divided into four equal parts by the line along the X direction and the line along the Z direction to obtain four triangular partial elements P1 to P4. .
- the auxiliary element A—45 is indicated by a line along the X direction and a line along the Z direction. Divide equally to obtain four triangular subelements P5 to P8. Then, by rearranging the four triangular subelements P1 to P4, a rectangular intermediate element AM + 45 is obtained, and by rearranging the four triangular subelements P5 to P8, the length is obtained. Obtain square intermediate element AM-45. Lastly, by arranging these two intermediate elements AM + 45 and AM-45 adjacent to each other along the Z direction, a basic diffractive optical element AAX is formed.
- the complementary diffractive optical element A 90 d has the patterns of the auxiliary element A + 45 d and the pattern of A- 45 d without excess or shortage, the two dipoles are the same as in the case of the complementary diffractive optical element AXd.
- the desired X-shaped quadrupole illumination can be performed by combining the illumination distributions I LX.
- the basic diffractive optical element A 90 as a source of the auxiliary elements A + 45 and A ⁇ 45, the auxiliary elements A + 45 d and It is desirable to set the complementary diffractive optical element A 90 d, which is the source of A—45 d, in a substantially square shape. This is because the positions of the cutting lines L3 and L4 when extracting the predetermined azimuth angle component from the binary ring-shaped diffractive optical element A and Ad and the part included in the diffractive optical elements A90 and A90d This is possible by appropriately setting the numbers of the patterns F1 and F2. Normally, it is possible to set the diffractive optical elements A90 and A90d in a perfect square shape, but for simplicity of design, the illumination unevenness is within the allowable range. A design that is somewhat rectangular in the enclosure can also be made.
- a cross-shaped quadrupole illumination distribution and an X-shaped quadrupole illumination distribution are formed by the actions of the diffractive optical elements 63 and 65, respectively. I have.
- an octupole illumination distribution is formed by the action of the diffractive optical element 66.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram showing an octupole-shaped illumination field formed on the entrance surface of the microlens array in the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 32 is a view for explaining the principle of forming an octupole-shaped illumination field and an octupole-shaped secondary light source in the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 33 is a diagram schematically showing an entire configuration of a diffractive optical element for octupole illumination in the fifth embodiment.
- a large number of basic diffractive optical elements AO-90 and complementary diffractive optical elements AO-90d in the third embodiment, and A large number of basic diffraction optical elements AAX and complementary diffraction optical elements AAXd in the first modified example of the fourth embodiment are arranged vertically and horizontally and densely.
- the basic diffractive optical element AO-90 and the complementary diffractive optical element AO-90d both have a rectangular outer shape (boundary) having a short side of a and a long side of 2a, and have the same size as each other. Have.
- the basic diffractive optical element A AX and the complementary diffractive optical element AAXd both have a square outer shape (boundary) with a side of (Z "2 Xa), and have the same size as each other.
- the basic diffractive optical element A0-90, the complementary diffractive optical element AO-90d, the basic diffractive optical element AAX and the complementary diffractive optical element AAXd have the same area (size) as each other.
- 90 and the number of complementary diffractive optical elements AO—9 Od are the same, and the number of basic diffractive optical elements A AX and the number of complementary diffractive optical elements AAXd are the same, and the rectangular effective area (effective diameter) of the diffractive optical element 66 is 66. Randomly arranged throughout a.
- the basic diffractive optical element AO 90 and the complementary diffractive optical element AO 9 The arrangement pitch along the Z direction differs between the first set of 0d and the second set of the basic diffractive optical element AAX and the complementary diffractive optical element AAXd. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 33, a row is made for each set, and the first set and the second set are alternately arranged along the X direction. Note that the first set of the basic diffractive optical element AO-90 and the complementary diffractive optical element A0-90d is arranged with a predetermined margin so that no gap occurs in the effective area 66a.
- the incident surface of the microlens array 8 has a plane along the Z direction as shown in FIG.
- An arc-shaped illumination distribution IL1-1X is formed.
- the two arc-shaped illumination distributions IL 1-90 and IL 1-0 correspond to the quadrupole illumination distribution formed in the third embodiment
- the four arc-shaped illumination distributions IL 1-X Corresponds to the quadrupole illumination distribution formed in the fourth embodiment and the first modification thereof.
- an octupole illumination distribution is formed based on the composition of the circular light flux IL 0 (or the regular hexagonal light flux IL 0 d).
- an octupole-shaped secondary light source having almost the same light intensity distribution as the octupole-shaped illumination distribution is formed.
- each illumination is changed by changing the magnification of the first variable power optical system 5 and the focal length of the second variable power optical system.
- the distance rc and the width W from the optical axis ⁇ of the bright distribution it is possible to realize the optimum illumination conditions for exposing a desired pattern.
- FIG. 34 shows that partial patterns are densely arranged in the first modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing rules for forming a basic diffractive optical element.
- FIG. 35 is a diagram schematically showing an overall configuration of a dipole optical element for dipole illumination in a first modification of the first embodiment.
- a basic diffractive optical element A90 is formed by using four types of partial patterns F1, F2, F11, and F12.
- the basic diffractive optical element AA90 is configured using two types of partial patterns F1 and F2.
- the first modified example of the first embodiment will be described, focusing on the difference from the first embodiment.
- the two partial patterns F1 and the two partial patterns F2 are densely arranged according to the arrangement rule shown in FIG.
- a basic diffractive optical element AA90 having an outer shape is formed.
- the complementary diffractive optical elements AA90d in the first modified example of the first embodiment are also densely arranged according to the arrangement rule shown in FIG. 34 and have a parallelogram overall shape. become.
- the basic diffractive optical element AA90 and the complementary diffractive optical element AA90d are configured using only two types of partial patterns, so that the number of element arrangement steps in the passing procedure is reduced. There is.
- the diffractive optical element 67 for dipole illumination in the first modification of the first embodiment is complementary to a number of basic diffractive optical elements AA 90 arranged vertically and horizontally and densely. It is composed of a diffractive optical element AA 90 d.
- the basic diffractive optical element AA90 and the complementary diffractive optical element AA90d both have a parallelogram-shaped outer shape (boundary) and have substantially the same size.
- the number of the basic diffractive optical element AA 90 and the number of the complementary diffractive optical element AA 90 d are the same, and are random over the entire rectangular effective area (effective diameter) 67 a of the diffractive optical element 67. Are located.
- the basic diffractive optical element AA90 and the complementary diffractive optical element AA90d are arranged with a predetermined margin so that no gap is generated in the effective area 67a. Note that also in the second embodiment, a modification example corresponding to the first modification example of the first embodiment is possible.
- one kind of basic diffractive optical element A90 and one kind of complementary diffractive optics The element A 90 d is densely arranged to constitute a diffractive optical element 61 for dipole illumination.
- the second modification of the first embodiment in order to further increase the illumination uniformity, one kind of basic diffractive optical element A90 and three kinds of complementary diffractive optical elements A90dl-A
- the 90 d 3 is densely arranged to constitute a diffractive optical element 68 for dipole illumination.
- FIG. 36 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a first complementary diffractive optical element included in a dipole illumination diffractive optical element according to a second modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 37 is a diagram showing a configuration of a third complementary diffraction optical element included in the dipole illumination diffractive optical element in the second modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 38 is a diagram schematically showing the entire configuration of a dipole illumination diffractive optical element in a second modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 39 is a view for explaining the random arrangement of each element in the second modification of the first embodiment.
- the phase of the light beam generated by the basic diffractive optical element A90 is set to be ⁇ phase.
- the complementary diffractive optical element A90d is set to generate a light amplitude having a phase difference of pits with respect to the light amplitude generated by the basic diffractive optical element A90.
- the first to third complementary diffractive optical elements A90d1 to A900d3 are The phases of the generated luminous flux are set so as to be ⁇ / 2 phase, ⁇ phase, and 3 peak / 2 phase, respectively.
- the basic diffractive optical element A90 has the pattern shown in FIG. 6, and the second complementary diffractive optical element A90d2 has the pattern shown in FIG.
- the first complementary diffractive optical element A90d1 having a phase difference of ⁇ / 2 is required.
- a virtual ring-shaped diffraction optical element pattern is set.
- cutting lines Ll, L2, L3, and L4 having the same positional relationship as in Figs. 8 and 12 are set, and a pattern of a predetermined azimuth component is extracted.
- the first complementary diffractive optical element A having a pattern as shown in FIG. 90 d 1 can be obtained.
- the cross-sectional pattern in Fig. 9 must be uneven by W / 2 from both sides toward the origin ⁇ (from both outer sides to the center side).
- a cutting line L1, L2, L3, L4 is set for the optical element RP—and a pattern of a predetermined azimuth angle component is extracted.
- the pattern extracted by the same cutting line is set as a pattern inverted in the Z direction.
- the phase difference of PZ4 can be read by comparing the pattern of FIG. 36 with the pattern of FIG. It can be seen that a phase difference of T / 2 is obtained.
- the ring-shaped diffractive optical element RP In order to obtain the third complementary diffractive optical element A90 d3 having a phase difference of 3 ⁇ ⁇ 2, the ring-shaped diffractive optical element RP— The optical element RP + is used. However, unlike the case of the first complementary diffractive optical element A90d1, the ring-shaped diffractive optical element RP + is used for the partial patterns F1, F11, and F12, and the ring pattern is used for the partial pattern F2. The diffractive optical element RP is used.
- the partial patterns F1, F11, F12, and F2 are smoothly connected without discontinuity, and a final result as shown in FIG. 37 is obtained.
- a phase difference of 3 P / 4 can be read by comparing the pattern of FIG. 37 with the pattern of FIG. It can be seen that a phase difference of 3 ⁇ Z2 was obtained as the light amplitude.
- the basic diffractive optical element A 90 and the first to third The intensity distributions (light divergence direction and intensity) of the light beams generated by the complete diffraction optical elements A90d1 to A900d3 are the same, but only the phase part of the light amplitude that defines the intensity distribution Are different. In this way, by randomly mixing four types of light fluxes having the same intensity distribution and different phases, regular interference noise can be significantly reduced.
- the diffractive optical element 68 for dipole illumination in the second modification of the first embodiment is composed of a number of basic diffractive optical elements A 90 arranged vertically and horizontally and densely. It comprises a first complementary diffractive optical element A900d1, a second complementary diffractive optical element A900d2, and a third complementary diffractive optical element A900d3.
- Each of the elements A90 and A90d1 to A90d3 has a square outer shape (boundary), and has substantially the same size as each other.
- each of the elements A 90 and A 90 d 1 to A 90 d 3 is substantially the same in number, and covers the entire rectangular effective area (effective diameter) 68 a of the diffractive optical element 68. Randomly arranged.
- the diffractive optical element 68 by the action of the diffractive optical element 68, it is possible to perform favorable dipole illumination in the Z direction with significantly reduced regular interference noise. It is.
- the arrangement method of each element does not need to be random over the entire effective diameter 68a of the diffractive optical element 68, and some regularity is introduced within an allowable range of illumination unevenness. A partial random arrangement may be performed.
- one kind of basic diffractive optical element A 0 and one kind of complementary diffractive optical element The diffractive optical element 62 for dipole illumination is configured by densely arranging the sub-elements AO d.
- one kind of basic diffractive optical element AO and three kinds of complementary elements are used in the first modified example of the second embodiment.
- a diffractive optical element for dipole illumination is configured by densely arranging the diffractive optical elements AO d1 to A0 d3.
- the phase is shifted relative to the basic diffractive optical element AO by only / 2, ⁇ , and 3 C / 2.
- the three shifted complementary diffractive optical elements AOd1, A0d2, and A0d3 can be set.
- the intensity distribution generated in each element is the same, but only the phase is different from each other.
- a diffractive optical element configured by randomly arranging these four types of elements AO and AO d1 to A0 d3 by the same number within the effective diameter, regular interference noise is significantly reduced. It is possible to perform dipole illumination in the X direction.
- 0 of the (3, 2, 1, 0) random number sequence corresponds to the basic diffractive optical element AO
- 1 corresponds to the first complementary diffractive optical element A 0 d
- 2 corresponds to the second complementary diffractive optical element A 0 d
- 3 corresponds to the third complementary diffractive optical element AO d 3
- a random number table is obtained. create. Then, by arranging the patterns of the elements AO and AO d1 to A0 d3 according to the created random number table, a desired diffractive optical element can be obtained.
- the effective diameter of the diffractive optical element it is not necessary to randomly arrange the effective diameter of the diffractive optical element over the entire effective diameter, and a part of regularity is introduced within an allowable range of illumination unevenness. Alternatively, a partially random arrangement may be performed.
- FIG. 40 is a drawing schematically showing an entire configuration of a diffractive optical element for quadrupole illumination in a first modification of the third embodiment.
- a basic diffractive optical element AO 90 is configured by the elements AO and A 90 using the elements obtained in the first embodiment and the second embodiment, and the elements A90 d and AO d are used.
- Basic diffractive optical element AO 90 d Is composed.
- each element obtained in the second modification of the first embodiment and the first modification of the second embodiment is used.
- the elements AO and A90 constitute a basic diffractive optical element A0-90, and the elements A900d1 and AOd1 make up the first complementary diffractive optical element A0-90d1.
- the second complementary diffractive optical element A0-90d2 is composed of the elements A0d2 and A90d2, and the third complementary diffraction is composed of the elements A90d3 and AOd3.
- the optical element A 0—90 d 3 is constituted.
- the difference between the third embodiment and the first modification is that the phases of the elements are changed from two types to four types. All the block elements A 0—90 0 and 8 0—9 0 (11 to 8 0—90 d 3 have the same intensity distribution, but differ only in phase. These four types of block elements By using a diffractive optical element constructed by randomly arranging AO-90 and AO-90d1 to A0-90d3 in approximately the same number within the effective diameter, regular interference noise can be reduced. It is possible to perform a significantly reduced cross-shaped quadrupole illumination.
- 0 in the random number sequence of (3, 2, 1, 0) corresponds to the basic diffractive optical element A 0—90
- 1 to 3 correspond to the first to third complementary diffractive optics.
- a desired diffractive optical element can be obtained by creating a random number table corresponding to each of the elements AO-90d1 to A0-90d3, and arranging the block elements according to the created random number table.
- the arrangement method of each block element does not need to be random over the entire effective diameter of the diffractive optical element, and a partial random arrangement in which regularity is partially introduced within the permissible range of illumination unevenness. May go.
- the blocking of the two elements is not limited to the method shown in FIG. 40, and various blocking can be performed. Specifically, it is possible to form a block by combining the element A O with the element A 90 d 1, the element A 90 d 2, or the element A 90 d 3. Similarly, it is possible to form a block by combining the element A90 with the element A0d1, the element A0d2, or the element A0d3.
- one type of basic diffractive optical element AX is used.
- One kind of complementary diffractive optical element AX d forms a diffractive optical element.
- the diffractive optics is formed by one kind of basic diffractive optical element (block element) AX and three kinds of complementary diffractive optical elements (block elements) AXdl to AXd3. The element constitutes.
- 0 of the random number sequence of (3, 2, 1, 0) corresponds to the basic diffractive optical element AX
- 1 to 3 correspond to the first to third complementary diffractive optical elements AX dl to
- a desired diffractive optical element can be obtained by creating a random number table corresponding to each of AXd3 and arranging the block elements according to the created random number table.
- the arrangement of the block elements does not need to be random over the entire effective diameter of the diffractive optical element, and a partial random arrangement in which regularity is partially introduced within the allowable range of illumination unevenness is adopted. May go.
- various blocking is possible without being limited to the blocking illustrated in FIGS. 27 and 28.
- a diffractive optical element is constituted by one kind of basic diffractive optical element A AX and one kind of complementary diffractive optical element A AX d.
- the diffractive optics is formed by one kind of basic diffractive optical element (block element) A AX and three kinds of complementary diffractive optical elements (block elements) AA Xdl to AAXd 3. The element constitutes.
- the method of the second modification of the first embodiment is applied. Therefore, three complementary diffractive optical elements A AXd 1, AAXd 2, and AAXd 3, which are phase-shifted by 7c / 2, ⁇ , and 3 ⁇ / 2 relative to the basic diffractive optical element AAX, can be set. In this case, the intensity distributions generated in all the block elements are the same, but only the phases are different from each other.
- a diffractive optical element configured by randomly arranging these four types of block elements AAX and A AXd1 to AAXd3 in the same number within the effective diameter, regular interference noise is significantly reduced. It is possible to perform excellent X-type quadrupole illumination.
- each block element 0 of the random number sequence of (3, 2, 1, 0) corresponds to the basic diffractive optical element AAX, and 1 to 3 correspond to the first to third complementary diffractive optical elements AA Xd l
- a desired diffractive optical element can be obtained by creating a random number table corresponding to each of AAXd 3 and arranging the block elements according to the created random number table.
- the arrangement method of each block element does not need to be random over the entire effective diameter of the diffractive optical element, and a partial random arrangement in which regularity is partially introduced within an allowable range of illumination unevenness is performed. May be. Further, regarding the blocking of two elements, various blocking is possible without being limited to the blocking shown in FIG.
- FIG. 41 is a drawing schematically showing an overall configuration of a quadrupole illumination diffractive optical element in a first modification of the fifth embodiment.
- the fifth embodiment as shown in FIG. 33, diffracted by two types of basic diffractive optical elements AAX and A0-90 and two types of complementary diffractive optical elements 88 (90-90d). It constitutes an optical element.
- the diffractive optical element 69 is constituted by 3 and A0-90d1 to A0-90d3.
- the three complementary diffractive optical elements AAXdl to AAXd3 are the same as the complementary diffractive optical elements obtained in the third modified example of the fourth embodiment, and the three complementary diffractive optical elements A0-90dl to A0- 90 d3 is the same as the complementary diffractive optical element obtained in the first modification of the third embodiment.
- the first modified example of the fifth embodiment as shown in FIG.
- a diffractive optical element 6 9 is configured by randomly arranging approximately the same number of random elements in 9a, and randomly arranging four types of block elements AAX and AAX dl to AAX d 3 in an effective diameter of 69a.
- the arrangement pitch along the Z direction differs from the second set. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 41, a row is made for each set, and the first set and the second set are alternately arranged along the X direction.
- the first set of block elements A0-90 and A0-90d1 to A0-90d3 is arranged with a predetermined margin so that no gap is generated in the effective area 69a. It has been done.
- the element arrangement method does not need to be completely random in the column direction or the row direction, and may employ a partial random arrangement in which regularity is partially introduced within an allowable range of illumination unevenness.
- partial patterns Fl, F11, F12, F2, etc. Form multiple types of patterns that cause a phase change between adjacent partial patterns without performing phase joining between them
- FIG. 43 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of a mask used for manufacturing a diffractive optical element by lithography.
- FIG. 44 is a diagram showing a diffractive optical element generated on a glass substrate using the mask of FIG. Referring to FIG. 43, two block patterns AAP1 and AAP2 are formed in the center of the mask by, for example, EB drawing.
- a basic diffractive optical element A90 and a complementary diffractive optical element A900d are randomly arranged throughout the block, each having 250 pieces.
- a part of the entire random number sequence shown in FIG. 14 is used.
- 250 basic diffractive optical elements A90 and 250 complementary diffractive optical elements A90d are arranged at random.
- the rule of the random arrangement in the block pattern AP2 is different from the rule of the random arrangement in the block pattern AP1. That is, in the block pattern AAP2, random arrangement is performed using a portion of the entire random number sequence of FIG. 14 that is different from the portion used for the block pattern AAP1.
- the alignment mark am serves as a position reference for exposing the block patterns AAP1 and AAP2 on the glass substrate coated with the resist by reduced projection exposure.
- a pair of cutting guide patterns (guide windows) GP are drawn on the mask. The cutting guide pattern GP is used to mark a cutting line for cutting the diffractive optical element into a predetermined shape.
- the mask has, for example, a line 'and' space pattern LS as a control rule pattern for controlling the line width and the etching depth. That is, the pattern LS has a linear line with a line width of about 2 This is a test pattern that includes an AND space pattern. Before and after the exposure of the block patterns AAP1 and AAP2, this pattern LS is printed outside the effective diameter of the diffractive optical element to control the line width and the etching depth. Used for
- the diffractive optical element shown in FIG. 44 is obtained by alternately exposing the block patterns AAP 1 and AAP 2 4 ⁇ 12 times using the mask shown in FIG. 43, and developing and etching. It is.
- the diffractive optical element thus generated the elements are not randomly arranged over the entire effective diameter, but are so-called partially random arranged. In such a partially random arrangement, predetermined optical performance can be exhibited because the elements are randomly arranged in each of the staggered blocks and the coherence of the excimer laser is finite. .
- a diffractive optical element can be easily and inexpensively manufactured using one reticle master (mask).
- another block pattern having a different internal arrangement such as AAP3, AAP4,- It is preferable to prepare an evening as appropriate.
- the blocks are set so as to cover all the random number sequences shown in FIG. 14, and all the blocks are sequentially exposed on the diffractive optical element, developed and etched to obtain the data shown in FIG.
- the diffractive optical element in which the elements A90 and A90d are randomly arranged over the entire effective diameter.
- the diffractive optical element can be manufactured by exposing the block pattern on a glass substrate.
- the method of buttering the diffractive optical element by the partially random arrangement described above with reference to FIGS. 43 and 44 as an example is applicable to not only the first embodiment but also all embodiments of the present invention. It is possible to do so. That is, in each embodiment, it is possible to manufacture a diffractive optical element mask similar to that of FIG. 43 and to manufacture a diffractive optical element by partial random patterning similar to that of FIG. 44 using the mask. .
- the material of the substrate on which the diffractive optical element is patterned is, for example, synthetic stone. English, crystal, fluorite etc. can be used.
- the period (pitch) P of the virtual ring-shaped diffractive optical element in the radial direction is set to about 0.1 m to 250 m, and the basic diffractive optical element and the complementary
- the area of the effective diameter of the diffractive optical element is 5 ⁇ mx5 ⁇ !
- the number of basic diffractive optical elements and complementary diffractive optical elements within the effective diameter of the diffractive optical element can be set to about 10 or more, ie, about 100 m ⁇ 100 m.
- FIG. 45 is a diagram schematically showing a main part configuration when a rod integrator is used in place of the microlens array in the exposure apparatus of FIG. Referring to FIG. 45, corresponding to the arrangement of the rod integrée-81 in place of the microlens array 8, the distance between the second variable power optical system 7 and the rod integrée-81 is changed.
- the input lens 82 is arranged in the optical path, and the relay lens 83 is arranged in the optical path between the rod and the condenser optical system 9.
- the surface A shown in FIG. 45 corresponds to the entrance surface of the microlens array 8 in FIG. 1
- the surface B shown in FIG. 45 corresponds to the exit surface of the microlens array 8 in FIG. ing.
- Rod Integral is an internal reflection type glass rod made of glass material such as quartz glass or fluorite, and is a focal point using the total reflection at the boundary between the inside and the outside, that is, the inside.
- the number of light sources corresponding to the number of internal reflections is formed along a plane parallel to the rod incidence plane through the rod.
- most of the light sources formed are virtual images, but only the light source at the center (focus point) is a real image. That is, the light beam incident on the rod integray 81 is divided in the angular direction by internal reflection, and a secondary light source consisting of a large number of light sources is formed along a plane parallel to the incident surface passing through the focal point.
- the luminous flux that has passed through the diffractive optical element 6 forms a multipolar illumination field on the A surface, and then passes through the input lens 82 to the rod
- the light is condensed near the incident surface 81a of the data 81.
- the luminous flux from the multipolar secondary light source formed on the incident side by the rod 'integrator 81' is superimposed on the exit surface 81b, and then passed through the relay lens 83 and the condenser optical system 9.
- a reticle (mask) 13 on which a predetermined pattern is formed is illuminated in a superimposed manner.
- the second variable power optical system 7 and the input lens 82 can be removed, and the incident surface 81a of the rod 'Integral 81' can be installed near the exit surface of the diffractive optical element 6 (61 to 69).
- the exit surface 81b of the rod 'Integral 81' can be installed near the reticle 13 as well as near the surface.
- the light beam converted into a desired cross-sectional shape via the shaping optical system 2 and the bending mirror 13 enters an optical delay system including a total reflection mirror and a partial reflection mirror.
- the optical delay system a part of the light beam transmitted through the partial reflection mirror enters the diffractive optical element 4, and the remaining light beam reflected by the partial reflection mirror enters the total reflection mirror.
- the light beam reflected by the total reflection mirror is incident on the partial reflection mirror, a part of the light beam transmitted through the partial reflection mirror is incident on the diffractive optical element 4, and the remaining light beam reflected by the partial reflection mirror is totally reflected. Light enters the mirror.
- the incident beam is converted into a large number of beam groups that are sequentially optically delayed by multiple reflections that are repeated between the total reflection mirror and the partial reflection mirror.
- interference noise on the wafer conjugate plane can be reduced by the action of the optical delay system.
- JP-A-9-1205060, JP-A-10-125585, and JP-A-2000-277421 can be referred to.
- a binary diffractive optical element pattern is used as a virtual ring-shaped diffractive optical element pattern.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- An optical element pattern or a multilevel diffractive optical element pattern can also be used.
- the blaze type diffractive optical element pattern, the multi-level type diffractive optical element pattern, and the binary type diffractive optical element pattern will be generally described with reference to FIGS. 46A to 46C.
- FIG. 46A is a cross-sectional view of a blaze-type diffractive optical element cut along a section including the center of rotation.
- FIG. 46B is a cross-sectional view of a multi-valued diffractive optical element cut along a section including the center of rotation.
- 46C is a cross-sectional view of the binary diffractive optical element cut along a cross-section including the center of rotation.
- ⁇ is the wavelength of light
- f is the focal length
- m is any integer.
- Cross-section of the zone plate pattern of concentric circles defined by the radius r m is shown in the 46 A and FIG. Also, the depth d in the cross section. Is given by the following equation (5), where n is the refractive index of the substrate and 1 is the refractive index of the gas in which the substrate is disposed.
- the pattern of the basic diffractive optical element and the complementary diffractive optical element is not a binary type having a convex surface and a concave surface, but a pattern whose cross-sectional shape changes in the height direction.
- the cut surface of the multi-valued diffractive optical element has a shape approximating the sawtooth shape in FIG.
- the depth in the cross section is given by the following equation (6), where n is the refractive index of the substrate and 1 is the refractive index of the gas on which the substrate is placed.
- the basic diffractive optical element and the complementary diffractive optical element can be determined by using such a multilevel diffractive optical element pattern as a virtual ring-shaped diffractive optical element pattern.
- the pattern of the basic diffractive optical element and the complementary diffractive optical element is not a binary pattern of a convex surface and a concave surface, but has a step-like cross-sectional shape and a pattern that changes in the height direction.
- a gray scale mask whose transmittance changes stepwise and in multiple steps.
- Ring radius r m indicating the boundary of each rectangle area may be may given by the following equation previously described (7).
- the depth d 2 in the cross section is given by the following equation (8), where n is the refractive index of the substrate and 1 is the refractive index of the gas on which the substrate is disposed.
- the basic diffractive optical element and the complementary diffractive optical element are determined using such a binary diffractive optical element as a virtual ring-shaped diffractive optical element pattern.
- a so-called black-and-white (only transmissive and light-shielding) mask is used.
- the pattern obtained by arranging the patterns extracted from the virtual ring-shaped diffractive optical element pattern corresponding to a predetermined azimuth angle range almost densely is used. This realizes a diffractive optical element having the basic diffractive optical element.
- an optical member having the same optical performance as this diffractive optical element it can be obtained by arranging refraction surfaces taken out from a virtual rotationally symmetric refraction surface corresponding to a predetermined azimuthal angle range almost densely. It is also possible to realize a refractive optical element provided with a basic refractive element having a given refractive surface pattern.
- a design in which the diffraction angle of a blazed diffractive optical element is replaced with the refractive angle of a micro-refractive element is also possible.
- Predetermined azimuth angle components corresponding to the partial patterns F1, F2, etc. can be cut out from such a bending element and densely arranged as shown in FIG.
- the elements are densely arranged as complete refraction elements, the amount of sag at the time of glass etching becomes too large.Therefore, at the position of the appropriate amount of sag, the phase difference for the wavelength should be patterned using a step structure that is considered equivalent. Is desirable.
- the pattern is converted into a mask pattern (such as a gray scale mask) for manufacturing a micro refractive element, and the mask pattern is coated with a resist.
- the exposed glass substrate is exposed, developed and etched.
- the diffractive optical element in each of the embodiments.
- a predetermined azimuth angle range is set according to a desired illumination method, and an effective diameter of the basic diffraction optical element is set, at which time element light beams corresponding to each optical element constituting the divergent light beam forming element are set.
- the effective diameter of the basic diffractive optical element is set such that a plurality of basic diffractive optical elements or complementary diffractive optical elements are included.
- a predetermined azimuth range is extracted from the virtual ring-shaped diffractive optical element.
- the extracted partial pattern is densely arranged (at this time, the partial pattern is divided as necessary), and the pattern of the basic diffractive optical element is set.
- a pattern of one or a plurality of complementary diffractive optical elements whose generated intensity distribution is the same as that of the basic diffractive optical element and whose phase is different from that of the basic diffractive optical element is set.
- a pattern of a diffractive optical element in which the basic diffractive optical element obtained in this way and one or more kinds of complementary diffractive optical elements are each integrated by substantially the same number within the effective diameter is set.
- the arrangement positions of the basic diffractive optical element and the complementary diffractive optical element are randomized (whole random or partially random).
- a wave optics simulation is performed on the thus patterned diffractive optical element, and the pitch of the basic diffractive optical element, the phase of the complementary diffractive optical element, and the type of the phase are optimized.
- a reticle is manufactured according to the optimized pattern of the diffractive optical element, and the reticle is used to print a pattern on a glass substrate coated with a resist.
- a development process, an etching process, and a process of forming an AR (anti-reflection) coat are performed.
- a dipole-shaped illumination distribution IL2-90 having two illumination distributions along the Z direction is formed by the action of the diffractive optical element 61.
- a basic diffractive optical element obtained by adding a new simple transmission portion to the basic diffractive optical element A 90 and the complementary diffractive optical element A 90 d included in the diffractive optical element 61
- a tripolar illumination distribution IL 2-90-C having three illumination distributions along the Z direction is formed. That is, the sixth embodiment is a three-pole illumination embodiment having an intensity distribution also on the optical axis.
- the sixth embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the first embodiment.
- FIG. 49 is a diagram showing a tripolar illumination field formed on the entrance surface of the microlens array in the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 50 is a view for explaining the principle of forming a tripolar illumination field and a tripolar secondary light source along the Z direction in the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 51 is a diagram schematically showing an overall configuration of a diffractive optical element for tripolar illumination in the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 52 is a diagram showing a sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of a basic diffractive optical element and a complementary diffractive optical element included in a triode illumination diffractive optical element.
- the diffractive optical element 100 for tripolar illumination in the sixth embodiment is composed of a large number of basic diffractive optical elements A 90 _C arranged vertically and horizontally and densely, and complementary diffraction optics. It is composed of element A 90 —C d.
- the basic diffractive optical element A90-C and the complementary diffractive optical element A90-Cd both have a rectangular outer shape (boundary) and have substantially the same size.
- the basic diffractive optical element A 90 — C and the complementary diffractive optical element A 90 — C d have the same number, and the entire rectangular effective area (effective diameter) 100 a of the diffractive optical element 100 Are randomly arranged over the entire block, or are randomly arranged within the block obtained by dividing the whole into several blocks.
- the basic diffractive optical element A90-C has a binary diffractive optical element pattern as shown in FIG. Specifically, when the azimuth angle range ⁇ of the circular arc portion is the same as in the first embodiment, the basic diffractive optical element A 90 -C is the basic diffractive optical element A 9 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 0 and a simple transmission part C are arranged adjacent to each other along the X direction.
- the complementary diffractive optical element A90_Cd is obtained by making the complementary diffractive optical element A90d of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 7 and the complementary simple transmission portion Cd adjacent to each other along the X direction. It has an arranged pattern.
- the simple transmissive portion C and the complementary simple transmissive portion Cd are intended to simply transmit the incident light beam and go straight, and usually do not perform special fine patterning inside the elements C and Cd. That is, the simple transmission part C is a simple plane part that leaves the surface of the glass substrate forming the diffractive optical element as it is, and this plane part is the same XZ plane as the diagonally projected part of the element A90. At height.
- the complementary simple transmission portion C d is a plane portion obtained by etching the glass substrate forming the diffractive optical element to the depth of d shown in the equation (1) within the effective diameter of the element C d, and this flat portion is It is at the same XZ plane height as the concave portion indicated by the blank portion of A90. That is, the surface of the element C and the surface of the element Cd have a relationship having a step d shown in Expression (1).
- the simple transmission portion C d Since the surfaces of the elements C and Cd are simply planar, the light incident on the element C or Cd simply passes through and goes straight, except for some diffraction. However, it passes through the simple transmission part C
- the light beam having passed through the complementary simple transmission portion C d has a light path difference of ⁇ Z 2 corresponding to the step d. That is, the simple transmission portion C is a portion on which no special processing is performed on the glass surface, and the complementary simple transmission portion C d is obtained by simply and substantially uniformly etching the glass by a predetermined optical path difference with respect to the simple transmission portion C. It is only an element.
- elements A 90 and A 90 d are formed for the corresponding azimuth angle range ⁇ , and these elements A 90 and A 90 d
- desired basic diffraction optical elements A90-C and complementary diffraction optical elements A90-Cd can be formed.
- an arc-shaped dipole component having a predetermined azimuth component is generated by light transmitted through the elements A90 and A900d.
- a monopolar component having an intensity near the optical axis is generated by the light transmitted through the elements C and Cd, and the combination of the dipole component and the monopole component as shown in FIG. Tripolar lighting can be obtained.
- the incident surface of the microlens array 8 has a two-arc shape as shown in FIG.
- An illumination distribution IL 1—90 and a point-like illumination distribution IL 1—C near the optical axis are formed.
- the two arc-shaped illumination distributions IL 1-90 are arc-shaped dipole components generated corresponding to the elements A 90 and A 90 d, and the point-shaped illumination distribution IL 1 _C corresponds to the elements C and One pole component generated corresponding to C d.
- the two arc-shaped illumination distribution IL 1-90 and the point-shaped illumination distribution IL 1-C will be referred to as a two-arc and point-shaped illumination distribution IL 1-90-C. .
- a three-pole composed of a composition of a two-arc and point-like illumination distribution IL 1—90—C and a circular light flux IL 0 (or a regular hexagonal light flux IL 0 d)
- An illumination distribution IL 2—90—C is formed.
- the three-pole illumination distribution IL290C is represented by a two-arc illumination distribution IL190.
- This is a composite distribution with a one-pole illumination distribution IL2-C.
- the rear focal plane (illumination pupil plane) of the microlens array 8 has a tripolar illumination distribution IL 2 _ 90—C.
- a secondary light source is formed.
- the tripolar illumination distribution IL 2 ⁇ 90 _C Bipolar illumination distribution IL 2 ⁇ 90 Distance rc from optical axis O and dipole illumination distribution IL 2 ⁇ 90 Width W and monopole illumination distribution IL The optimum illumination conditions for exposing a desired pattern can be realized by appropriately changing the width W of 2-C.
- the basic diffractive optical element A90_C and the complementary diffractive optical element A90_Cd As examples of modifications of the basic diffractive optical element A90_C and the complementary diffractive optical element A90_Cd, the basic diffractive optical element A90—Cs and the complementary diffractive optical element as shown in FIG. It is also possible to use A90-Cds.
- the basic diffractive optical element A90-Cs cuts A90 and C of the element A90-C almost in half by a straight line parallel to the X-axis. 53 As shown in Fig. 3, these elements are alternately replaced.
- the complementary diffractive optical element A 90 — C ds is obtained by cutting the element A 90 — C (90 d and C d of 1 into approximately half by a straight line parallel to the X-axis, as shown in FIG. 53.
- a diffractive optical element including the basic diffraction optical element A 90 _C s and the complementary diffraction optical element A 90 _C ds having such an arrangement a dipole element is formed.
- the illumination balance between the illumination distribution IL 2 _ 90 and the one-pole illumination distribution IL 2 — C near the optical axis is improved.
- the 0-Cd internal pattern is further subdivided, and the subdivision elements obtained by subdividing the A90, A90d element patterns corresponding to the dipole components and the monopole components near the optical axis are supported.
- complementary diffractive optical element an illumination distribution IL 2 9 0 of dipolar
- the illumination balance with the monopolar illumination distribution IL2-C near the optical axis can be further improved.
- the basic diffractive optical element A 90 and the simple transmission part C have the same area, and the complementary diffraction optical element A 90 d and the complementary simple transmission part C d have the same area. It is desirable to set as follows. In this case, the substantial light energy contained in the monopolar illumination distribution IL 2 —C on the optical axis is approximately equal to the sum of the substantial light energy contained in the dipole illumination distribution IL 2 ⁇ 90. Become equal.
- a cross-shaped quadrupole illumination distribution (IL 2-90, IL 2-0) is formed by the action of the diffractive optical element 63.
- the basic diffraction optical element A 90, A 0 included in the diffractive optical element 63 and the complementary diffractive optical elements A 90 d, A By using the optical element and the complementary diffractive optical element, a pentapole illumination distribution (IL2-90, IL2-0, IL2-C) having five illumination distributions is formed. That is, the seventh embodiment is an embodiment of pentapole illumination having an intensity distribution also on the optical axis.
- the seventh embodiment will be described by focusing on the differences from the third embodiment.
- FIG. 54 is a diagram showing a quintuple-shaped illumination field formed on the entrance surface of the microphone aperture lens array in the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 55 is a diagram for explaining the principle of forming a pentapole illumination field and a pentapole secondary light source in the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 56 is a diagram schematically showing an overall configuration of a pentapole illumination diffractive optical element in the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 57 is a view schematically showing a configuration of a basic diffractive optical element and a complementary diffractive optical element included in the diffractive optical element for five-pole illumination in the seventh embodiment.
- the diffractive optical element 101 for five-pole illumination in the seventh embodiment is composed of a number of basic diffractive optical elements A 0_90-1 C and a complete diffractive optical element A which are arranged vertically and horizontally and densely. It consists of 0—90—Cd.
- the basic diffractive optical element A0_90-C and the complementary diffractive optical element AO-901-Cd both have a substantially square outer shape (boundary), and have substantially the same size.
- basic diffractive optical element A0-90-C and the complementary diffractive optical element A0-90-Cd have the same number, and are randomly arranged over the entire rectangular effective area (effective diameter) 101a of the diffractive optical element 101, or The whole is divided into several blocks, and they are randomly arranged in that block.
- the basic diffractive optical element A 0 —90—C becomes the basic diffractive optical element (A 90, AO) and the simple transmission part C are alternately arranged.
- the complementary diffractive optical element A 0-9 O—Cd is configured such that the complementary diffractive optical element (A90 d, AO d) of the third embodiment and the complementary simple transmission section Cd are alternately arranged. It has an arranged pattern.
- the simple transmission section C and the complementary simple transmission section Cd according to the seventh embodiment have the same configuration and operation as the simple transmission section C and the complementary simple transmission section Cd in the sixth embodiment.
- elements (A90, AO) and (A90 d, AO d) are formed for the corresponding azimuth angle range ⁇ , and these elements (A90, By combining the elements C and Cd respectively with (AO) and (A90 d, AO d), the desired basic diffractive optical element A 0—90—C and the complementary diffractive optical element A 0—90— C d Can be formed.
- an arc-shaped quadrupole component having a predetermined azimuth component due to light transmitted through the elements (A90, AO) and (A90 d, AO d) (Two dipole components) are generated, and at the same time, a monopole component having intensity near the optical axis is generated by the light transmitted through the elements C and Cd, and the 54th component is synthesized by combining the quadrupole component and the monopole component.
- the quintuple illumination as shown in the figure can be obtained.
- the incident surface of the microlens array 8 has a plane along the Z direction as shown in FIG.
- Arc-shaped illumination distribution IL 1-90 and two arc-shaped illumination distributions along the X direction IL 1-0 and a point-shaped illumination distribution near the optical axis IL 1-C are formed along the c- Z direction 2
- Arc-shaped illumination distribution IL 1 90 is used for elements A 90 and A 90 d
- the corresponding arc-shaped dipole component is generated.
- the two-arc illumination distribution IL 1-0 along the X direction is the arc-shaped dipole component generated corresponding to the elements AO and AO d.
- the point-like illumination distribution IL1-C is a one-pole component generated corresponding to the elements C and Cd.
- the two-circle illumination distribution IL 1-9 and the two-arc illumination distribution IL 1-0 and the point-like illumination distribution IL 1 _C are combined into a four-arc and point-like illumination distribution IL 1-0 — 9 0— I'll call it C.
- the incident surface of the microlens array 8 has As shown in the figure, it consists of a compilation of a four-arc and point-like illumination distribution IL 1-0-90-C and a circular light flux IL 0 (or a regular hexagonal light flux IL 0 d).
- a polar illumination distribution IL 2—0—90—C is formed.
- the pentapole illumination distribution IL 2—0—90—C is a dipole illumination distribution based on a compo- lation of a two-arc illumination distribution IL 1—90 and a circular luminous flux IL 0.
- IL 2-90 a two-arc illumination distribution IL 1-0 and a circular luminous flux IL 0 compose a dipole illumination distribution IL 2-0, and a point-like illumination near the optical axis Illumination distribution IL 1—C is a composite distribution of monopolar illumination distribution IL 2—C by convolution of circular light flux IL 0.
- a pentapole secondary light source having a light intensity distribution almost the same as the pentapole illumination distribution IL 2-0-90-C Is formed.
- the pentapole illumination distribution IL is changed.
- 2 _ 0 _ 90 0 -C Dipole illumination distribution IL 2-90, distance from optical axis 0 of IL 2-0 rc and dipole illumination distribution IL 2-90, IL 2 —
- Optimum illumination conditions for exposing a desired pattern can be realized by appropriately changing the width W of 0 and the width W of the one-pole illumination distribution IL 2 _C.
- the internal patterns of the basic diffractive optical element AO-90_C and the complementary diffractive optical element A0-90-Cd are further subdivided into two-pole components.
- the element patterns of A 90, A 90 d, AO, AO d corresponding to Basic diffractive optical element obtained by alternately or randomly arranging subdivided subdivided elements and subdivided subdivided elements of C and Cd regions corresponding to one pole component near the optical axis, and complementary
- the illumination balance between the two-pole illumination distribution IL 2—90 and the two-pole illumination distribution IL 2-0 and the one-pole illumination distribution IL 2 ⁇ 1 C near the optical axis can be adjusted.
- the basic diffractive optical elements A90, AO and the simple transmission section C have the same area, and the complementary diffraction optical elements A90d, AOd and the complementary simple transmission section Cd. It is desirable to set them so that they have the same area.
- the substantial light energy contained in the monopolar illumination distribution IL 2 — C on the optical axis is substantially contained in the dipole illumination distributions IL 2 — 90 and IL 2 — 0. Is almost equal to the sum of the light energies.
- an X-shaped quadrupole illumination distribution I L2 -X is formed by the action of the diffractive optical element 64.
- the basic diffractive optical elements A + 45, A—45 and the complementary diffractive optical elements A + 45 d, A ⁇ 45 d included in the diffractive optical element 64 are different from each other.
- a pentapole illumination distribution (IL2-X, IL2-C) having five illumination distributions is formed. ing. That is, similarly to the seventh embodiment, the eighth embodiment is also a pentapole illumination having an intensity distribution on the optical axis.
- the eighth embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 58 is a diagram showing a pentapole illumination field formed on the entrance surface of the microlens array in the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 59 is a view for explaining the principle of forming a pentapole illumination field and a pentapole secondary light source in the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 60 is a diagram schematically showing an entire configuration of a diffractive optical element for five-pole illumination in the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 61 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of a basic diffractive optical element and a complementary diffractive optical element included in the diffractive optical element for five-pole illumination in the eighth embodiment.
- the diffractive optical element 102 for quintuple illumination in the eighth embodiment is composed of a number of basic diffractive optical elements AX-C arranged vertically and horizontally and densely, and complementary diffraction. It consists of an optical element AX-Cd.
- the basic diffractive optical element AX_C and the complementary diffractive optical element AX-Cd both have a substantially square outer shape (boundary), and have substantially the same size as each other.
- the number of the basic diffractive optical element AX_C and the number of the complementary diffractive optical element AX-Cd are the same, and are randomly arranged over the entire rectangular effective area (effective diameter) 102a of the diffractive optical element 102; Alternatively, the blocks are randomly arranged in the block divided into several blocks.
- the basic diffractive optical element AX—C becomes the basic diffractive optical element (A + 45, A — 45) and the simple transparent part C are arranged alternately.
- the complementary diffractive optical element AX-Cd connects the complementary diffraction optical element (A + 45 d, A-45 d) of the fourth embodiment and the complementary simple transmission part C d. It has a staggered pattern.
- the simple transmission section C and the complementary simple transmission section Cd according to the eighth embodiment have the same configuration and operation as the simple transmission section C and the complementary simple transmission section Cd in the sixth embodiment.
- elements (A + 45, A ⁇ 45) and (A + 45 d, A ⁇ 45 d) are formed for the corresponding azimuth angle range ⁇ ,
- the desired basic diffractive optical element AX—C and the complementary diffractive optical element AX — C d can be formed.
- a predetermined azimuthal component is formed by the light transmitted through the elements (A + 45, A-45) and (A + 45d, A-45d).
- Arc-shaped quadrupole component is generated, and at the same time, a monopole component having an intensity near the optical axis is generated by the light transmitted through the elements C and Cd, and by combining these quadrupole component and monopole component, The quintuple illumination as shown in Fig. 58 can be obtained.
- the incident surface of the microlens array 8 has a four-arc arc illumination distribution IL as shown in FIG. 1—X and point-like illumination distribution near the optical axis IL 1—C Is formed.
- Arc-shaped illumination distribution IL 1—X is an arc-shaped quadrupole component generated corresponding to the element (A + 45, A—45, A + 45d, A-45d).
- the point-like illumination distribution IL1-C is a one-pole component generated corresponding to the elements C and Cd.
- the four arc-shaped illumination distribution IL 1 -X and the point-shaped illumination distribution IL 1 -C are collectively referred to as a four-arc and point-shaped illumination distribution IL 1 -X-C.
- a pentapole consisting of a four-arc and point illumination distribution IL 1—X—C and a circular light flux IL 0 (or regular hexagonal light flux IL 0 d)
- An illumination distribution IL 2—X—C is formed.
- the pentapole illumination distribution IL 2—X—C is a quadrupole illumination distribution IL 2—X due to the composition of the 4-arc illumination distribution IL 1—X and the circular light flux IL 0.
- a pentapole secondary light source having a light intensity distribution almost the same as the pentapole illumination distribution IL2-X-C is formed.
- the pentapole illumination distribution IL is changed.
- X C quadrupole illumination distribution IL 2—Distance rc from optical axis O of X rc and quadrupole illumination distribution IL 2 _X width W and monopole illumination distribution IL 2— The optimum illumination conditions for exposing a desired pattern can be realized by appropriately changing the width W of C.
- the internal patterns of the basic diffractive optical element AX-C and the complementary diffractive optical element AX-Cd are further subdivided to form a quadrupole.
- AX that is, A + 45, A—45
- AX d that is, A + 45 d, A—45 d
- Basic diffractive optical element obtained by alternately or randomly arranging subdivided elements, which are regions of C and C d corresponding to one pole component, in detail.
- the basic diffractive optical elements A + 45, A-45 and the simple transparent portion C have the same area
- the complementary diffractive optical elements A + 45 d, A-45 d It is desirable to set such that the and the complementary simple transmission part C d have the same area.
- the substantial light energy contained in the monopole illumination distribution IL 2-1 C on the optical axis is approximately equal to the sum of the substantial light energy contained in the quadrupole illumination distribution IL 2-X Become.
- an octupole illumination distribution is formed by the action of the diffractive optical element 66.
- a method similar to the sixth to eighth embodiments is applied to the fifth embodiment. It is clear that the illumination distribution of 9 poles can be formed by applying.
- the patterns obtained from the virtual ring-shaped diffractive optical element pattern corresponding to a predetermined azimuthal angle range are arranged almost densely.
- a diffractive optical element including a basic diffractive optical element having a pattern and a simple transmission part having substantially no deflection effect is realized.
- the optical member is taken out from the virtual rotationally symmetric refraction surface corresponding to a predetermined azimuth angle range in the same manner as in the modification of the first to fifth embodiments. It is also possible to realize a refracting optical element having a basic refracting element having a refracting surface pattern obtained by arranging the obtained refracting surfaces almost densely, and a simple transmitting portion having substantially no deflection effect.
- the transmitted light complex amplitude of the diffractive optical element can be calculated from the surface pattern of the diffractive optical element described in the first to eighth embodiments and the modified examples.
- a refractive optical element whose surface shape is set so as to generate an optical complex amplitude substantially similar to that of the diffractive optical element, and use it instead of the diffractive optical element.
- the basic diffractive optical element is configured based on the ring-shaped diffractive optical element pattern in which the ring intervals are equally spaced as shown in FIG.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a ring-shaped diffractive optical element pattern having unequally spaced ring intervals (Fresnel zone plate: see Fig. 46C)
- the basic diffractive optical element can be configured based on the above. In this case, for example, as the two-circle illumination distribution IL 1-90 in FIG. 3, instead of the arc-shaped light intensity distribution, an arc-band light intensity distribution having a predetermined width in the radial direction is generated. Can be done.
- a binary diffractive optical element pattern is used as the virtual ring-shaped diffractive optical element pattern.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the technical contents described with respect to the first to fifth embodiments and their modifications can be applied to the sixth to eighth embodiments and their modifications.
- the mask reticle
- the illumination optical device illumination process
- the transfer pattern formed on the mask is exposed on the photosensitive substrate using the projection optical system.
- a micro device semiconductor element, imaging element, liquid crystal display element, thin-film magnetic head, etc.
- FIG. 1 An example of a method for obtaining a semiconductor device as a micro device by forming a predetermined circuit pattern on a wafer or the like as a photosensitive substrate using the exposure apparatus of each of the above-described embodiments is shown in FIG. This will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
- a metal film is deposited on one lot of wafers.
- a photoresist is applied on the metal film on the wafer of the lot.
- the image of the pattern on the mask is sequentially exposed and transferred to each shot area on the wafer of the lot through the projection optical system using the exposure apparatus of each embodiment described above. You.
- the photoresist on the wafer of the lot is developed, and then in step 304, the resist pattern is formed on the wafer of the lot.
- etching By performing etching as a mask, a circuit pattern corresponding to the pattern on the mask is formed in each shot area on each wafer.
- devices such as semiconductor elements are manufactured by forming a circuit pattern of the upper layer. According to the above-described semiconductor device manufacturing method, a semiconductor device having an extremely fine circuit pattern can be obtained with good throughput.
- a liquid crystal display element as a micro device can be obtained by forming a predetermined pattern (circuit pattern, electrode pattern, etc.) on a plate (glass substrate).
- a predetermined pattern circuit pattern, electrode pattern, etc.
- a plate glass substrate
- FIG. 48 in a pattern forming step 401, a pattern of a mask is transferred and exposed to a photosensitive substrate (a glass substrate coated with a resist, etc.) using the exposure apparatus of each of the above-described embodiments.
- An optical lithography process is performed. By this photolithography process, a predetermined pattern including a large number of electrodes and the like is formed on the photosensitive substrate.
- the exposed substrate is subjected to various processes such as a developing process, an etching process, a resist stripping process, etc., so that a predetermined pattern is formed on the substrate, and the next color filter forming step 402 is performed. Transition.
- (Blue) A set of three dots corresponding to (Blue) are arranged in a matrix, or a set of three stripe filters (R, G, B) arranged in the horizontal scanning line direction.
- a cell assembling step 403 is performed.
- a liquid crystal panel is formed by using the substrate having the predetermined pattern obtained in the pattern forming step 401 and the color filter obtained in the color filter forming step 402.
- liquid crystal cell (Liquid crystal cell).
- liquid crystal is injected between the substrate having the predetermined pattern obtained in the pattern forming step 401 and the color filter obtained in the color filter forming step 402. LCD panel
- the assembled liquid crystal panel (liquid A liquid crystal display element is completed by attaching various components such as an electric circuit and a backlight that perform the display operation of the crystal cell.
- a liquid crystal display element having an extremely fine circuit pattern can be obtained with high throughput.
- the light source 1 is an ArF excimer laser that supplies light having a wavelength of 193 nm (or a KrF excimer laser that supplies light having a wavelength of 248 nm). While using one the primary light source), without being limited thereto, 1 5 7 nm and F 2 laser light source for supplying light of wavelength, g-line (4 3 6 nm) and i-line (3 6 A mercury lamp that supplies light of 5 nm) can be used. When a mercury lamp is used, the light source 1 has a configuration including a mercury lamp, an elliptical mirror, and a collimating lens.
- the present invention has been described by taking as an example a projection exposure apparatus having an illumination optical device.
- the present invention is applied to a general illumination optical device for illuminating an irradiated surface other than a mask. Obviously you can. Industrial potential
- the diffractive optical element (or refractive optical element) of the present invention is used in, for example, an illumination optical device to form various uniform multiple-pole illuminance distributions on an illumination pupil plane. be able to.
- the illumination optical device of the present invention uses a diffractive optical element (or a refractive optical element) that forms a substantially uniform multipolar illuminance distribution on the illumination pupil plane, and suppresses the light amount loss while improving various types of light. Multi-pole illumination can be performed.
- the exposure apparatus incorporating the illumination optical apparatus of the present invention and the exposure method using the illumination optical apparatus of the present invention employ an illumination optical apparatus capable of performing various types of favorable multi-pole illumination while suppressing a light amount loss.
- the mask pattern can be faithfully transferred onto the photosensitive substrate under the optimal lighting conditions for the mask.
- a good microdevice can be manufactured by using the exposure apparatus and the exposure method of the present invention capable of faithfully transferring a mask pattern onto a photosensitive substrate.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Exposure And Positioning Against Photoresist Photosensitive Materials (AREA)
- Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2003252251A AU2003252251A1 (en) | 2002-07-26 | 2003-07-23 | Diffractive optics, dioptric element, illuminating optical system, exposure system and exposure method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002218094 | 2002-07-26 | ||
| JP2002-218094 | 2002-07-26 |
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| WO2004011968A1 true WO2004011968A1 (ja) | 2004-02-05 |
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| PCT/JP2003/009353 Ceased WO2004011968A1 (ja) | 2002-07-26 | 2003-07-23 | 回折光学素子、屈折光学素子、照明光学装置、露光装置および露光方法 |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
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| AU (1) | AU2003252251A1 (ja) |
| TW (1) | TW200406647A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2004011968A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101408285B (zh) * | 2008-08-14 | 2010-06-02 | 上海微电子装备有限公司 | 一种产生连续可变光瞳的照明装置 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20230043353A1 (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2023-02-09 | Onto Innovation, Inc. | Multiple camera apparatus for photolithographic processing |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1070070A (ja) * | 1996-08-28 | 1998-03-10 | Canon Inc | 照明装置及びそれを用いた投影露光装置 |
| EP1014196A2 (en) * | 1998-12-17 | 2000-06-28 | Nikon Corporation | Method and system of illumination for a projection optical apparatus |
| US20020080491A1 (en) * | 1999-04-15 | 2002-06-27 | Akihiro Goto | Diffractive optical element, method of fabricating the element, illumination device provided with the element, projection exposure apparatus, exposure method, optical homogenizer, and method of fabricating the optical homogenizer |
-
2003
- 2003-07-23 WO PCT/JP2003/009353 patent/WO2004011968A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2003-07-23 AU AU2003252251A patent/AU2003252251A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-07-25 TW TW92120384A patent/TW200406647A/zh unknown
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1070070A (ja) * | 1996-08-28 | 1998-03-10 | Canon Inc | 照明装置及びそれを用いた投影露光装置 |
| EP1014196A2 (en) * | 1998-12-17 | 2000-06-28 | Nikon Corporation | Method and system of illumination for a projection optical apparatus |
| US20020080491A1 (en) * | 1999-04-15 | 2002-06-27 | Akihiro Goto | Diffractive optical element, method of fabricating the element, illumination device provided with the element, projection exposure apparatus, exposure method, optical homogenizer, and method of fabricating the optical homogenizer |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101408285B (zh) * | 2008-08-14 | 2010-06-02 | 上海微电子装备有限公司 | 一种产生连续可变光瞳的照明装置 |
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|---|---|
| AU2003252251A1 (en) | 2004-02-16 |
| TW200406647A (en) | 2004-05-01 |
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