WO2004010137A1 - Systeme de detection d'au moins une substance chimique - Google Patents
Systeme de detection d'au moins une substance chimique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004010137A1 WO2004010137A1 PCT/FR2003/002169 FR0302169W WO2004010137A1 WO 2004010137 A1 WO2004010137 A1 WO 2004010137A1 FR 0302169 W FR0302169 W FR 0302169W WO 2004010137 A1 WO2004010137 A1 WO 2004010137A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- detection system
- measurement
- support
- detected
- olfactory neuron
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0001—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00 by organoleptic means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0031—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector comprising two or more sensors, e.g. a sensor array
Definitions
- the present invention relates to systems for detecting at least one chemical substance.
- the invention relates, among these detection systems, to those which comprise a measurement sensor for selectively sensing said at least one chemical substance to be detected, and a measurement unit associated with the measurement sensor and intended to be connected to a measurement unit. treatment to determine or not the presence of the chemical to be detected.
- the measurement sensor generally consists of a pair of electrodes placed in a fluid to be analyzed, the pair of electrodes being intended to detect the presence or not of a chemical substance such as a specific molecule present in the fluid to be analyzed.
- the pair of electrodes is generally formed of one. reference electrode and a measurement electrode to which a conductive polymer coating is attached.
- This conductive polymeric coating is chosen to generate an intrinsic electrical signal when a determined molecule is selectively absorbed on the surface of said polymeric coating.
- these detection systems have a relatively low sensitivity because the polymer coatings are not suitable for detecting very low concentrations of a specific molecule.
- polymeric coatings are only suitable for detecting specific molecules with a fairly simple chemical formula. So, to detect complex molecules, it is imperative to put in series several measurement electrodes comprising separate polymer coatings to allow possible detection of molecules with complex chemical formula. In addition, the polymeric coatings tend to saturate rapidly in the presence of a fairly high concentration of the molecule to be detected, which does not allow the concentration of said targeted molecules to be assessed with precision.
- the object of the present invention is in particular to overcome the drawbacks mentioned above.
- the system for detecting at least one chemical substance is characterized in that the measurement sensor comprises at least one olfactory neuron chosen to selectively pick up the chemical substance to be detected, and in that the olfactory neuron is fixedly disposed on a support to cooperate with the measurement unit.
- the support is covered at least in part with an electrical insulator on which is fixedly attached the olfactory neuron;
- the electrical insulator comprises a polymer adapted to further allow the fixation of the olfactory neuron
- the polymer is deposited on the support electrochemically by at least partially immersing the support and a reference electrode in a liquid electrolyte based on at least one salt and a solvent, and by bringing the support and the reference electrode at a potential at least equal to the oxidation potential of said solvent;
- the solvent is chosen from a pure saturated aliphatic primary diamine, a pure saturated aliphatic primary tri-amine, an aliphatic .saturated amino-thiol and a saturated aliphatic dithiol;
- the measurement unit comprises at least one measurement electrode and one reference electrode in contact with the olfactory neuron, said measurement and reference electrodes being intended to be connected to the processing unit;
- the olfactory neuron has a cell body which is extended on both sides by dendrites and an axon presenting a plasma membrane, and the measurement electrode, is placed inside the plasma membrane of the axon while that the reference electrode is arranged in contact with the surface of the plasma membrane of said ax
- the measurement unit comprises, on the one hand, means for emitting an excitation light towards the olfactory neuron to allow the excitation light to interact with the chemical substance to be detected in order to produce radiation to be detected, and secondly, receiving means for receiving the radiation to be detected emitted by the chemical substance, said receiving means being connected to the processing unit.
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the detection system according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of part of the detection system according to a third embodiment.
- the same references designate identical or similar elements.
- FIGS 1 and 2 show a first embodiment of the detection system according to the invention.
- This detection system comprises a base 2 in the form of a parallelepipedal plate comprising a lower face 21 intended to rest on any support, and an upper face 22, opposite and parallel to the lower face 21, and on which is intended to be fixed a support 3.
- this support 3 is intended to allow the fixing of the measurement sensor.
- the detection system also comprises a spacer 4, which, in the example considered here, is in the general form of a rectangular frame whose external contour is substantially equal to the external contour of the base 2.
- This spacer 4 comprises also a lower face 41 intended to be fixed on the upper face 22 of the base 2, and an upper face 42 on which is intended to be fixed a cover 5.
- This cover 5 is also in the form of a parallelepiped plate whose outer contour is substantially identical to the external contour of the spacer 4 and of the base 2.
- the detection system when the spacer 4 is fixedly attached to the base 2 and the cover 5 rests on the upper face 42 of the spacer 4, the detection system has a enclosure 6 in which the support 3 is located.
- the support 3 is adapted to receive in a fixed manner an olfactory neuron 7 which will be chosen to selectively capture or trap a specific and predetermined chemical substance present in a fluid to be analyzed disposed in the enclosure 6 of the detection system.
- the olfactory neuron which is covered by a plasma membrane 70 comprises a central part 71, or cellular body of the neuron, which is extended on one side by dendrites 72 formed by a plurality of receptive cilia and on the other side by a axon 73 which extends to an axonal termination.
- the olfactory neuron devotes part of its genes to controlling the synthesis of large molecules, the receptor proteins, which the neuron places in the membrane of these cilia or dendrites 72. These molecular receptors which are quite distinct depending on the selected olfactory neuron can fix or bind and also recognize a large number of chemicals or odorous molecules.
- the olfactory neuron intended to be deposited on the support 3, is chosen from a plurality of olfactory neurons, for its properties or more exactly for the receptive properties of these eyelashes to capture or trap a particular odorous molecule.
- the olfactory neuron can be extracted from the olfactory neural system of a trout, certain olfactory neurons of which are adapted to recognize very low concentrations of very specific odorous molecules.
- the deposition of the polymer 10 on the support 3 is carried out electrochemically by immersing at least partially on the support 3 and a reference electrode (not shown) in a liquid electrolyte based on at least one salt and one solvent .
- the support 3 and the reference electrode can be made of platinum, gold or glassy carbon or else based on p-type silicon of controlled thickness. Then causes the support 3 and the reference electrode at a potential at least equal to the oxidation potential of said solvent to allow the attachment of the polymer 10 of 'the support 3 and the reference electrode.
- the solvent used can be chosen from a pure saturated aliphatic primary diamine, a pure saturated aliphatic primary tri-amine or a saturated aliphatic amino-thiol or else a saturated aliphatic dithiol.
- the polymer has the property of being an electrical insulating polymer, which makes it possible, during its production by electrosynthesis, to naturally stop its formation, thereby obtaining a very thin polymeric coating. Furthermore, the polymer is advantageously chosen to be non-toxic and biocompatible with the chosen olfactory neuron.
- the olfactory neuron 7 is in contact with a measurement system 8 itself connected to a processing unit 9 adapted to analyze the information directly obtained by the measurement unit 8.
- This measurement unit comprises a first reference microelectrode 81 having one end connected to the processing unit 9 and a second end disposed on the surface and in contact with the plasma membrane 70 of the axon 73 of the olfactory neuron 7., and a second measurement microelectrode 82 having a first end connected to the processing unit 9 and a second end disposed inside the plasma membrane 70 of the axon 73 of the olfactory neuron 7.
- the cover 5 of the detection system comprises, meanwhile, two through openings 51, 52 intended to receive in sealed manner the microelectrodes 81 and 82.
- the cover 5 also includes a through window 53 allowing communication between the external medium and the enclosure 6.
- the spacer 4 may also include at its lower face 41 a recess 43 intended to delimit a window 44 with the upper face 22 of the base 2.
- the through window 53 of the cover 5 may for example constitute the orifice for entering the fluid to be analyzed inside the enclosure 6 while the opening 44 constitutes the orifice for discharging the fluid to be analyzed from the enclosure 6 after being brought into contact with the olfactory neuron 7 and more precisely with the dendrites 72 of this olfactory neuron.
- the enclosure 6 is filled with specific culture medium making it possible to keep the olfactory neuron, the inlet 53 and outlet 43 openings then being temporarily closed, by suitable means such as plugs.
- the olfactory neuron that has been chosen to selectively capture a scent molecule specific, then fixed by means of its dendrites 72 said odoriferous molecule. This capture of the specific odorous molecule then modifies the concentration of the molecules. electrically charged, - such as potassium ions K + and sodium ions Na + , 'along the axon 73 of neuron 7 thereby modifying its intrinsic electrical resistance.
- This modification of the intrinsic electrical resistance of the olfactory neuron 7 is then detected by means of the two microelectrodes 81 and 82, which allows the processing unit 9 to analyze and interpret the measurements carried out with a view to emitting a information on the presence and concentration of the specific odor molecule present in the fluid analyzed. Since the measurement and reference electrodes 82 and 81 are disposed respectively inside the plasma membrane 70 and ' on the surface of the plasma membrane 70 of the axon 73, it is then possible, for example, to measure the ionic current Na + which enters the plasma membrane 70 through voltage-dependent Na + channels or the ionic current K + which crosses the plasma membrane 70 in the direction of enclosure 6 through the voltage-dependent K + channels.
- This electrophysiological technique of the properties of the K + and Na + ion channels of neurons in general is also known as., The "patch-clamp" technique.
- the measurement unit 8 comprises an excitation optical fiber 83 which comprises a first end connected to a source or light sources integrated in the processing unit 9 and a second end housed in a sealed manner in a through opening made on the cover 5.
- This optical fiber 83 of excitation is intended to emit an excitation light in the direction of the olfactory neuron 7 and more exactly at the level of the body - cell 71 to allow the excitation light to interact with the odorous molecule (s) trapped in the olfactory neuron.
- the excitation light can for example be chosen to interact by fluorescence phenomenon with the Ca 2 + ions released by the soma or cell body 71 ′ of the olfactory neuron 7.
- the fluorescent radiation thus emitted from the cell body 71 of the olfactory neuron 7 is received by a second receiving optical fiber 84 which returns the radiation to be detected to the processing unit 9.
- the processing unit 9 and the light supply can be adapted according to the optical fiber or fibers used and the phenomena to be studied such as absorption, fluorescence, resonance, or interferometric phenomena depending on the embodiment of the detection optical fibers 82, 84.
- the ends of the optical fibers 83, 84 arranged in the opening made in the cover 5 can be associated with an optical system 85 allowing the focusing of the excitation light on the olfactory neuron 7 and also the optimization of the reception of the radiation to be detected by the receiving optical fiber 84
- the measurement of the ion flux of the Ca 2+ ion is ensured by quantifying the fluorescence of a substance such as rodamine B.
- the fluorescence of rodamine B is blocked by the concentration of l 'ion Ca 2+ .
- the enclosure 6 or more exactly the base 2 can be provided with a plurality of supports 3, each support 3 being intended to permanently receive a separate olfactory neuron, possibly allowing each to detect a specific odor molecule.
- each olfactory neuron fixed on a support 3 will be associated with a measurement unit 8 connected to a processing unit 9.
- the detection system having very small dimensions, the base 2, the spacer 4 and cover 5 can be made from silicon elements shaped by chemical machining.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/521,681 US20060121598A1 (en) | 2002-07-18 | 2003-07-10 | System for detecting at least one chemical substance |
AU2003273430A AU2003273430A1 (en) | 2002-07-18 | 2003-07-10 | System for detecting at least one chemical substance |
EP03755588A EP1535060A1 (fr) | 2002-07-18 | 2003-07-10 | Systeme de detection d'au moins une substance chimique |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0209129A FR2842604B1 (fr) | 2002-07-18 | 2002-07-18 | Systeme de detection d'au moins une substance chimique |
FR02/09129 | 2002-07-18 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004010137A1 true WO2004010137A1 (fr) | 2004-01-29 |
Family
ID=29797548
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2003/002169 WO2004010137A1 (fr) | 2002-07-18 | 2003-07-10 | Systeme de detection d'au moins une substance chimique |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060121598A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1535060A1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2003273430A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2842604B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2004010137A1 (fr) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3252873A (en) * | 1962-10-01 | 1966-05-24 | Rutherford Food Corp | Objective method of testing the pungency and odor of organic substances |
FR2807838A1 (fr) * | 2000-04-12 | 2001-10-19 | Guillaume Herlem | Bio-capteur et procede de fabrication d'un bio-capteur d'au moins une molecule au sein d'un analyte |
WO2002013906A1 (fr) * | 2000-08-16 | 2002-02-21 | Vanderbilt University | Procédés et dispositifs de stimulation optique de tissus nerveux |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5981268A (en) * | 1997-05-30 | 1999-11-09 | Board Of Trustees, Leland Stanford, Jr. University | Hybrid biosensors |
US6210910B1 (en) * | 1998-03-02 | 2001-04-03 | Trustees Of Tufts College | Optical fiber biosensor array comprising cell populations confined to microcavities |
DE19841337C1 (de) * | 1998-05-27 | 1999-09-23 | Micronas Intermetall Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur intrazellulären Manipulation einer biologischen Zelle |
-
2002
- 2002-07-18 FR FR0209129A patent/FR2842604B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-07-10 WO PCT/FR2003/002169 patent/WO2004010137A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-07-10 EP EP03755588A patent/EP1535060A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-07-10 AU AU2003273430A patent/AU2003273430A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-07-10 US US10/521,681 patent/US20060121598A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3252873A (en) * | 1962-10-01 | 1966-05-24 | Rutherford Food Corp | Objective method of testing the pungency and odor of organic substances |
FR2807838A1 (fr) * | 2000-04-12 | 2001-10-19 | Guillaume Herlem | Bio-capteur et procede de fabrication d'un bio-capteur d'au moins une molecule au sein d'un analyte |
WO2002013906A1 (fr) * | 2000-08-16 | 2002-02-21 | Vanderbilt University | Procédés et dispositifs de stimulation optique de tissus nerveux |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
HERLEM GUILLAUME ET AL: "Electrochemical oxidation of ethylenediamine: new way to make polyethyleneimine-like coatings on metallic or semiconducting materials", JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY, ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY. MANCHESTER, NEW HAMPSHIRE, US, vol. 147, no. 2, February 2000 (2000-02-01), pages 597 - 601, XP002155069, ISSN: 0013-4651 * |
HUOTARI M J: "Biosensing by insect olfactory receptor neurons", SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B, ELSEVIER SEQUOIA S.A., LAUSANNE, CH, vol. 71, no. 3, 1 December 2000 (2000-12-01), pages 212 - 222, XP004223419, ISSN: 0925-4005 * |
SCHUTZ S ET AL: "An insect-based BioFET as a bioelectronic nose", SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B, ELSEVIER SEQUOIA S.A., LAUSANNE, CH, vol. 65, no. 1-3, 30 June 2000 (2000-06-30), pages 291 - 295, XP004208661, ISSN: 0925-4005 * |
WHITE J ET AL: "AN OLFACTORY NEURONAL NETWORK FOR VAPOR RECOGNITION IN AN ARTIFICIAL NOSE", BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS, SPRINGER VERLAG, HEIDELBERG, DE, vol. 78, no. 4, 1 April 1998 (1998-04-01), pages 245 - 251, XP000752797, ISSN: 0340-1200 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1535060A1 (fr) | 2005-06-01 |
FR2842604B1 (fr) | 2004-10-08 |
FR2842604A1 (fr) | 2004-01-23 |
AU2003273430A1 (en) | 2004-02-09 |
US20060121598A1 (en) | 2006-06-08 |
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